Notes From the Nurse Hypothermia is a lowering of the body’s core temperature. This is a serious medical condition requiring early recognition and treatment. Susceptibility to hypothermia is increased by, cold temperatures, low wind chill factors, prolonged exposure to cold, even mild cold, immersion in cold water, and being in the cold without adequate fluid and food intake. One of the first symptoms of hypothermia is uncontrollable shivering followed by an inability to perform certain tasks such as zipping a jacket or tying shoes. As the hypothermia progresses the victim may, become disoriented with slurred speech and stumble around, have pale skin, increasing weakness and sleepiness and finally the pulse becomes weak and irregular, muscles become stiff and rigid. Frostbite is the freezing of skin and the underlying tissue. It usually affects the extremities, and exposed areas of the face. Frostbite occurs from contact with very cold air and/or contact with an extremely cold object. Danger of frostbite increases with prolonged exposure to cold, inadequate dress for the weather, fatigue, and physical condition. Frostbite is a progressive condition. Initially the affected body part begins to feel cold and stiff and maybe a prickly/tingly pain. The skin then hardens and turns blue or white. Finally, the area becomes numb and the feelings of cold and pain go away. First Aid: Victims with either frostbite or hypothermia must be examined by a physician as soon as possible. In the meantime, they should get to a warm shelter, change into dry clothing. Keep warm with blankets and if conscious give warm non-alcoholic fluids. Never rub frostbitten areas. If possible re-warm slowly by skin to skin contact, luke-warm water, or warm coverings. Handle the frostbite as little as possible and never rewarm with radiant heat. Re-warmed areas of frostbite may become painful and swollen; for relief elevate above the heart. Remember both hypothermia and frostbite are progressive conditions and the victim must receive medical help as soon as possible. Prevention: Both hypothermia and frostbite can be prevented by good planning and good common sense. Prevention tips include: dressing warmly and in layers, don’t forget a hat, wear warm socks(take and extra pair) and shoes, take short breaks in warm areas regularly, eat properly and include plenty of non-alcoholic beverages. And finally, check the weather forecast before heading outside, carry an emergency survival kit, and always tell a friend or family member your plans and when you will return. Megan Charles, RN 742-2750