Vol 5 Issue 1 Feb 2015

ISSN No : 2230-7850 ORIGINAL ARTICLE

International Multidisciplinary Research Journal

Indian Streams Research Journal

Executive Editor Ashok Yakkaldevi

Editor-in-Chief H.N.Jagtap

Welcome to ISRJ RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2230-7850 Indian Streams Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects.

International Advisory Board Flávio de São Pedro Filho Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil

Mohammad Hailat Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Carolina Aiken

Hasan Baktir English Language and Literature Department, Kayseri

Kamani Perera Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Lanka

Abdullah Sabbagh Engineering Studies, Sydney

Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK]

Janaki Sinnasamy Librarian, University of Malaya

Ecaterina Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Bucharest

Romona Mihaila Spiru Haret University, Romania

Loredana Bosca Spiru Haret University, Romania

Delia Serbescu Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania

Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil

Anurag Misra DBS College, Kanpur

Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Ilie Pintea, Spiru Haret University, Romania Xiaohua Yang PhD, USA

George - Calin SERITAN Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi

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Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian University, Oradea,Romania

Editorial Board Iresh Swami Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur R. R. Patil Head Geology Department Solapur University,Solapur Rama Bhosale Prin. and Jt. Director Higher Education, Panvel Salve R. N. Department of Sociology, Shivaji University,Kolhapur Govind P. Shinde Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance Education Center, Navi Mumbai Chakane Sanjay Dnyaneshwar Arts, Science & Commerce College, Indapur, Pune Awadhesh Kumar Shirotriya Secretary,Play India Play,Meerut(U.P.)

N.S. Dhaygude Ex. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur Narendra Kadu Jt. Director Higher Education, Pune K. M. Bhandarkar Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia Sonal Singh Vikram University, Ujjain

Rajendra Shendge Director, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur R. R. Yalikar Director Managment Institute, Solapur Umesh Rajderkar Head Humanities & Social Science YCMOU,Nashik S. R. Pandya Head Education Dept. Mumbai University, Mumbai

Alka Darshan Shrivastava G. P. Patankar S. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka Shaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar Maj. S. Bakhtiar Choudhary Director,Hyderabad AP India.

Rahul Shriram Sudke Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore

S.Parvathi Devi Ph.D.-University of Allahabad

S.KANNAN Annamalai University,TN

Sonal Singh, Vikram University, Ujjain

Satish Kumar Kalhotra Maulana Azad National Urdu University

Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, India Cell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isrj.org

Indian Streams Research Journal ISSN 2230-7850 Impact Factor : 3.1560(UIF) Volume-5 | Issue-1 | Feb-2015 Available online at www.isrj.org

SOME NEW RECORDS OF WATER MOLD FUNGI FROM MAHARASHTRA 1

Vaishali Shinde and *A. B. Pawar 1

Research Scholar , Department of Botany , Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara . (M. S.) * P.G. Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara . (M. S.)

Abstract:- Present paper deals with the study of aquatic fungi collected from different regions of Maharashtra. The three genera belongings to order Saprolegniales (Zygomycotina) viz. Brevilegnia subclavata Couch, Saprolegnia terrestis Cookson ex Seymour, Thraustotheca clavata (de Bary) Humphery. Members of Zygomycetes are popularly known as ‘Watermolds’. The taxonomy of watermolds cannot remain static, when rest is changing. These fungi harbour in waters and on moist soils and can also be isolated from the different animals and plants using them as baits. They vary in their occurrence, distribution, asexual and sexual reproductive structures in relation to ecological factors. These all are new records from the state. Keywords: Zygomycotina, Saprolegniales, ecological factors. INTRODUCTION Members of Zygomycetes are mostly aquatic. Their morphological variability of any species is ultimately being linked to the genetic control of these characters. (Khulbe, R. D. 2001) Fungi and fungus-like organisms mineralize chitin, thus contributing to the purification of the aquatic environment (Czeczuga & Godlewska 2001). In India, Butler (1907) first report occurrence on the phycomycetes. Later on a large number of investigators have reported different species of this group, Bhargava (1946), Chowdhry and Agarwal (1980), Dayal and Thakurji (1968), Khulbe (1977), Mer et al. (1980), Manoharachary (1981), Mer and Khulbe (1984), Mishra and Dwivedi (1987), Prabhuji and Shrivastava (1978)and Sati (1997) etc. Baiting techniques have provided a wealth of information on isolation and distribution of aquatic fungi. Several baits viz. autoclaved wood cubes, filter paper strips, dead fish, meat pieces, dead pieces, dead flies, insect larvae, discs of cork are used to isolate aquatic fungi. (Adenle, 1994) The main purpose of the study was to determine species composition of aquatic fungi growing on the insect and seed baits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frequent visits were made fortnightly, to different water bodies in and around Satara (M.S.) during different seasons, viz. Krishna river, Kas lake, Pateghar etc during 2007 - 2009. Water temperature 15.6 to 27.6oC at the surface and from 15.1 to 26.5oC at 20m depth was preferred. Foam and litter samples were collected in sterile polythene bags and plastic jars respectively. Various baits such as autoclaved insects viz. cockroaches, ants, boiled bean seeds, autoclaved wood pieces etc. (Khulbe, R. D. 1985) were placed in petri plates for growth of aquatic phycomycetes. Petri plates were left at room temperature (at 20 ± 2oC) to allow fungal colonization. The baits were observed under alight microscope (100x) every day, starting from the third day of the culture. Several microscopic preparations were made from each sample. At the same time, the respective developmental stages of fungi were determined using an ocular micrometer. (Shinde and Pawar 2008) The identification of fungi was based on purely morphological features. Recent literature was consulted for the identification of these fungi. (Khulbe 2001). Vaishali Shinde1 and *A. B. Pawar ,“ SOME NEW RECORDS OF WATER MOLD FUNGI FROM MAHARASHTRA” Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Feb 2015 | Online & Print

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. Some New Records Of Water Mold Fungi From Maharashtra DESCRIPTION 1.Brevilegnia subclavata Couch J. Elisha MitchellSci. Soc, 42: 229, 1927 Text Figs. No. - 1 & 2 Hyphae short, sparingly branched, 15-25 µm thick at the base; zoosporangia abundant, terminal, clavate, cylindrical, 90-130 µm X 24- 64 µm; zoospores spherical, upto 9 µm in diameter. Habitat: Collected on bait from ventral surface of cockroach of water samples from Krishna river (Dist. Satara), 25th Nov. 2007. Leg. V. S. Shinde and deposited in M. H. B. D.Y. C. I. S. Satara. No. – 31 Remark: Prabhuji, S. K and Srivastava, G. C (1978) reported from silty soils of Jalwania pond, Gorakhpur (M.P). Later on Verma, B.L. (1984) the species was collected from cultivated soils of Khatima. Khulbe, R. D. (1991) collected the species from forest soils of Kumaun regions of Himalayan ranges. 2.Saprolegnia terrestis Cookson ex Seymour Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria (N.S.), 49(2): 235, 1937. Text Figs.No.- 3 Hyphae slender, branched, 40-50 µm thick at the base; zoosporangia abundant, clavate, cylindrical, 80-350 µm X 15- 50 µm; gemmea, less frequent. Habitat: Collected on bait from dorsal surface of cockroach on waters from Urmodi river, Pateghar (Dist. - Satara), 25th Nov. 2007. Leg. V. S. Shinde and deposited in M. H. B. D.Y. C. I. S. Satara. No. 32. Remark: Chowdhry and Agarwal (1980) collected species from soil and water samples of Rampur (M. P.). The present collection was to be matched well with this species. 3.Thraustotheca clavata (de Bary) Humphery Trans Amer. Phil. Soc., 17: 131, 1892, (1893) Text Figs.No. - 4 & 5 Hyphae branched, 15-78 µm thick at the base; zoosporangia abundant, clavate, sometimes sub - spherical 66-480 µm X 27- 45 µm; zoospores spherical, 9-12 µm in diameter; one antheridium per oogonium is present. Habitat: Collected from bait on seed from Kas lake (Dist. - Satara), 12th July. 2008. Leg. V. S. Shinde and deposited in M. H. B.D. Y. C. I. S. Satara No. 33. Remark: Chaudhari and Lotus (1936) first time reported this species from Ludhiana, Dhakha. Khulbe , R.D. (1980, 1983, 1985) collected this species from Nainital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In the present investigation 3 aquatic zoosporic fungus species were found to grow on baits viz. cockroaches, seeds etc. All these species belongs to order Saprolegniales. They have been never before encountered in Satara waters. All species are new records to fungi of Maharashtra. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors are thankful to the Principal, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara (M.S.) for availing the laboratory facilities.

Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Feb 2015

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. Some New Records Of Water Mold Fungi From Maharashtra REFERENCES 1.Adenle, V.O. 1994. Comparison of techniques for isolating aquatic Phytophtora species. Niger J. Pl. Prot. 15: 1-9. 2.Bhargava K. S. 1946. Physiological studies on some membrane of the family Saprolegniaceae. V. Growth Substances Lioydia. 9: 13-23. 3.Butler, E. J. 1907. An account of the genus Pythium and some Chytridiaceae Memb. Dept. Agri. India. (Bot. Sci.) 15: 1- 160. 4.Chaudhuri, H. and S. S. Lotus, 1936. Indian water moulds II, Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci. 3(B): 328-333. 5.Chowdhry, P.N. and G.P. Agrawal, 1980a. Studies on distribution of some aquatic fungi in India. Indian Phytopathology 33(4): 107-109. 6.Czeczuga, B. &Godlewska, A. 2001. Aquatic insects as vectors of aquatic zoosporic fungi parasitic on fishes. – Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 31(2): 87-104. 7.Dayal, R. and Usha Kiran, 1985. Zoosporic Fungi of India, Inter India Publication, New Delhi pp.1- 297 8.Dayal, R and Thakhurji, 1968. Studies in aquatic fungi of Varanasi-V. A taxonomic study Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., India 38 B: 32-38. 9.Khulbe, R. D. 1977. Taxonomic and Ecological studies of watermolds in Nainital and its suburbs. Ph. D. Thesis. Agra University, Agra pp.1- 113. 10.Khulbe, R. D. 1983. Aquatic fungal flora in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soils insome cultivated fields of Nainital. Science and Culture 49: 105 -106. 11.Khulbe, R. D. 1985. Studies in Aquatic Phycomycetes of Nainital in relation to Taxonomy, Physiology, Ecology and Pathology. D. Sc. Thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital pp.1-335. 12.Khulbe, R. D. 1991. An ecological study of water molds of forest soils of Kumaun Himalaya, India. Tropical Ecology 32(1): 127-135. 13.Khulbe, R. D. 2001. A manual of Aquatic fungi (Chytridiomycetes & Oomycetes.) Daya publishing Housing House, Delhi pp.1- 25. 14.Prabhuji, S.K. 1984. Studies on some water moulds occuring in soils of Gorakhpur. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 63: 387396. 15.Prabhuji, S.K and G.C. Srivastava, 1978 a. Addition to lower fungi of India. Geobios 5: 35-36. 16.Manoharachary, C. 1981. The taxonomy and ecology of freshwater Phycomycetes from India. Indian Rev. Life Sci. 1: 3-21. 17.Mer, G. S., S. C. Sati and Khulbe R.D. 1980. Occurrence, distribution and seasonal periodicity of some aquatic fungi of Sat Tal (Nainital) India. Hydrobiologia 76: 200-205. 18.Mer, G. S and Khulbe R.D. 1984. Watermolds of Sal Tal (Nainital), India. Sydowia, Annales Mycologici Ser. II. 37: 195-207. 19.Mishra, R. C. and Dwivedi R. S. 1987. Aquatic Moulds from Gujarlake, Jaunpur- II. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 66: 203208. 20.Prabhuji, S.K and Shrivastava, G. C. 1978. Addition to lower fungi of India. Geobios 5: 137-138. 21.Shinde, V. S. and Pawar, A. B. 2008. Some aquatic hyphomycetes from Satara District. Bioinfolet 5(4): 423-424, 2008. 22.Verma, B.L.1984. Studies on lower Phycomycetes in some agricultural fields of Tarai, Nainital with special reference to Saprolegniaceae and Pythiaceae. Ph. D. Thesis, Kumaun Univ, Nainital, p. 139.

Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Feb 2015

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. Some New Records Of Water Mold Fungi From Maharashtra

Vaishali Shinde Research Scholar , Department of Botany , Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara . (M. S.)

Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Feb 2015

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