Madras Agric. J. 92 (10-12) : 680 - 683 October-December - 2005

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INTEGRATED USE OF ORGANICS AND PHOSPHOROUS IN PRE MONSOON DIRECT SEEDED RAINFED UNPUDDLED LOWLAND RICE P.BALASUBRAMANIYAN Agricultural Research Station, Paramakudi - 623 707 Abstract : Under rainfed lowland, field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of delayed P application in rainfed lowland rice at Agricultural Research Station (TNAU), Paramakudi, Tamil Nadu. Basal application of P @ 25 kg/ha as single super phosphate (SSP), P application at 25 days after germination (DAG) or diammonium phosphate(DAP) with or without FYM and control (no FYM/P) were compared in a randomized block design with three replications. Application of FYM at 12.5 t/ha and P (25kg/ha) at 25 DAG increased the yield of rainfed rice. This has resulted in comparable yield (2564 kg/ha) as that of basal application of P as SSP (2546 kg/ha). The net return (Rs.3520 / ha), benefit-cost ratio (1.34) and rainfall use efficiency (4.96 kg grain / mm) were higher with the delayed application of P as DAP on 25 DAG. Key Words: enriched FYM, P management, rainfed lowland rice.

INTRODUCTION Under rainfed situation, application of NPK at full dose is essential to get higher yield during the years of normal rainfall. However, addition of FYM with P and K is found to give higher yield during the years of uneven distribution of rainfall as reported by Jena et al. (2000). Conjective use of FYM and chemical fertilizers can produce consistently higher yield but the practice lacking attention among the farmer’s community. Though P is recommended as basal application, its application under rainfed upland rice is not feasble since rice is sown as dry seeding. Hence, a field experiment was planned in rainfed lowland rice to assess the effect of integrated use of organics with delayed application of P. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field experiment was conducted on premonsoon rainfed lowland rice at Agricultural Research Station (TNAU), Paramakudi during the North - East monsoon (Oct- Dec), 2001 and 2002. The soil type is sandy clay loam, low in organic matter content, low in available N, medium in P and high in K. The rainfall received during the crop season was 420 and 459 mm respectively. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments include: basal application of P as single super

phosphate (SSP), top dressing of P (applied 25 days after germination) as SSP or diammonium phosphate(DAP) with or without FYM. These treatments were compared with enriched FYM (EFYM) and control (no FYM/P). Well decomposed FYM @ 12.5 t/ha was applied before sowing. Phosphorous (25kg/ha) in the form of SSP or DAP as per the treatment was applied as basal or 25 DAG. For the treatment involving EFYM, well decomposed FYM (750kg/ha) was mixed with 156 kg of SSP to supply 25 kg P2O5 per hectare. After 15 days of incubation, the EFYM was applied in the furrow line at the time of sowing to the concerned plot. The test variety was PMK 2 recommended for rainfed lowland condition. Nitrogen at 50 kg/ha and potash at 25 kg/ha were split applied equally on 25 and 40 DAG. Yield parameter such as panicles/ m2, panicle weight and 100 grain weight were recorded at harvest. Grain yield was recorded at 14 per cent moisture and the straw yield as sun-dried. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Yield and yield attributes Combined application of FYM with P increased the grain yield of rainfed rice. Basal manuring of FYM and application of P as DAP on 25 DAG resulted in higher grain yield (24.6 and 26.7q/ha during 2001 and 2002). This was on par with FYM and P as basal application (24.8 and 26.1

INTEGRATED USE OF ORGANICS AND PHOSPHOROUS IN PRE MONSOON DIRECT SEEDED RAINFED UNPUDDLED LOWLAND RICE

681

q/ha during 2001 and 2002). On an average, the per cent yield increase with these treatments as compared to control was 20.9 and 20.0 respectively. Addition of FYM with P as DAP on 25 DAG resulted in higher number of panicles/m2 and increase in panicle weight in 2002. The yield parameters were significantly reduced in the control plot. Though hundred grain weight did not vary significantly, application of P as DAP on 25 DAG had higher test grain weight. Chettri et al. (1988) and Mondal et al. (1990) have reported that FYM supplemented with fertilizer increased the yield parameters and yield of rainfed rice. Deka and Borah (1993) reported higher grain yield of rainfed rice due to application of DAP.

highest in treatment receiving FYM and P as DAP on 25 DAG (4.96 kg grain/mm). The RUE was less with the control plot (3.77 kg grains/mm).

Straw yield increased with the application of FYM and DAP on 25 DAG. The yield was on par with FYM and basal application of P as SSP. On an average, straw yield was higher to the tune of 32.9 % with FYM and DAP application of 25 DAG in comparison with control. This was mainly due to increase in plant weight with the combined application of FYM and DAP.

Deka, S.C. and Borah, R.C. (1993). Effect of nitrogenous fertilizers on N availability in soil and N assimilation in rainfed lowland rice. Oryza, 30 219-225.

Economics and rainfall use efficiency The net profit (Rs.3918/ha) and B: C ratio (1.34) were higher with the application of FYM and DAP on 25 DAG. Application of FYM and basal P did not increase the net return and B: C ratio. Addition of P as enriched FYM enabled to register equivalent return as that of P applied in the form of superphosphate. The rainfall use efficiency (RUE) as the indicator of utilizing the available rainfall was the

Phosphorus application to rainfed direct seeded lowland rice influened the grain yield of rice. Farmyard manure @ 12.5 t/ha as basal and P @ 25 kg/ha as DAP applied on 25 DAG is recommended for higher yield. REFERENCES Chettri, G.B., Raj, R.B. and Samiano, A.R. (1988). Effect of farmyard manure supplemented with N,P and K on grain yield. Rice Res. News., 13: 17-18.

Jena, D. and Misra, C. (1996). Nitrogen use efficiency studies in relation to resource conservation and quality of enviroment. Indo-U.S. Project, OUAT, Bhubaneswar: 9294. Jena, D., Pradhan, N.K., Pani, B.K. and Senapathi, P.C. (2000). Long term effect of integrated nutrient management on properties of an alfisols and rice yield under dry land agriculture . Indian. J.Dryland Res. &Dev., 15 : 37-41. Mondal, S.S., Jayaram, D. and Pradhan, B.K. (1990). Effect of fertilizer and FYM on the yield and yield components of rice. Environment and Ecology, 8: (IA): 223-26.

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Table 1.

Yield parameters and yield of rainfed rice as influenced by nutrient management, Paramakudi, 2001& 2002 2001

Treatment

2002

2

Grain yield (kg/ha)

2

Panicle/m Panicle 100 grainPanicle/m Panicle 100 grain (No) Weight (g) weight(g) (No) weight(g) weight(g)

Straw yield (kg/ha)

2001

2002

% Yield 2001 increase over control

2002

% Yield increase over control

FYM + SSP-basal

229

2.40

2.33

209

1.55

2.54

2480

2612

20.0

5930

5982

28.3

FYM + SSP-25 DAG

246

2.26

2.25

203

1.52

2.58

2450

2673

20.8

6467

5883

32.9

FYM + DAP-25 DAG

237

2.47

2.29

216

1.61

2.63

2460

2667

20.9

6650

6263

39.0

SSP-basal

224

1.87

2.32

194

1.33

2.51

2370

2483

14.4

5617

5540

20.2

SSP-25 DAG

228

2.13

2.23

201

1.37

2.51

2280

2427

11.0

5430

5710

19.9

DAP-25 DAG

223

2.00

2.28

209

1.43

2.71

2310

2625

16.4

5833

5787

25.1

EFYM

238

2.20

2.32

208

1.56

2.70

2420

2618

18.8

6430

5480

28.2

NoP

214

1.83

2.20

197

1.48

2.52

2000

2242

-

4020

5267

-

SEd

13

0.28

0.07

7.4

0.04

0.03

130

62

-

367

184

-

CD (P= 0.05)

26

NS

NS

105

0.09

0.08

278

133

-

787

396

P. BALASUBRAMANIYAN

NS : Not Significant

Economics and rainfall use efficiency in rainfed rice, paramakudi, 2001&2002.

Treatment

Net profit (Rs/ha)

B:C ratio

Rainfall Use Efficiency (kg grain / mm)

2001

2002

Mean

2001

2002

Mean

2001

2002

Mean

FYM + SSP-basal

3770

3500

3635

1.30

1.28

1.29

4.15

5.68

4.92

FYM + SSP-25 DAG

3610

3258

3434

1.32

1.26

1.29

4.10

5.59

4.84

FYM + DAP-25DAG

3795

4040

3918

1.34

1.33

1.34

4.11

5.80

1.96

SSP-basal

3390

2965

3178

1.31

1.24

1.28

3.97

5.40

4.69

SSP-25 DAG

2840

2770

2805

1.26

1.23

1.25

3.82

5.28

4.55

DAP-25DAG

3550

3925

3738

1.37

1.34

1.35

3.85

5.49

4.67

EFYM

3680

3555

3618

1.30

1.29

1.31

4.05

5.69

4.87

NoP

1285

1840

1563

1.12

1.16

1.14

3.35

4.18

3.77

INTEGRATED USE OF ORGANICS AND PHOSPHOROUS IN PRE MONSOON DIRECT SEEDED RAINFED UNPUDDLED LOWLAND RICE

Table 2.

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