Por más de 50,000 años, los humanos han desarrollado un gran instinto de supervivencia a través del almacenamiento de grasas como consecuencia del “genotipo ahorrador”(1). Durante los últimos 200 años, los cambios en la dieta y el estilo de vida de los humanos han superado la habilidad de este genotipo para adaptarse a los cambios ambientales, resultando en miles de millones de personas con problemas de obesidad en el mundo actual (2-8). Aunque los estudios muestran que el hombre primitivo, cazador-recolector, comía más de 800 tipos de plantas diferentes (9), hoy en día, en muchos países, el promedio de consumo se limita a tres porciones de frutas y verduras al día, lo que significa deficiencia en antioxidantes naturales, fotoquímicos, vitaminas y minerales esenciales para la buena salud. Comúnmente, los alimentos altamente procesados con almidones, azúcares, grasas y aceites refinados no contienen los nutrientes esenciales que se encuentran en alimentos nutritivos como las frutas y las verduras, pero si tienen más calorías en cada bocado (10). Al mismo tiempo, los aparatos que ahorran esfuerzo y los avances en los medios de transporte durante los últimos 30 años han contribuido a un estilo de vida altamente sedentario (11). Una epidemia global de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas, cifras subestimadas con única base en el índice de masa corporal (IMC), está arrasando con el planeta a medida que la industrialización y los estándares de vida mejorados se han expandido a las áreas rurales. Ciertos grupos étnicos, incluyendo asiáticos, indios asiáticos, latinos y los indígenas americanos, son genéticamente susceptibles al síndrome metabólico debido a la acumulación de la grasa visceral que resulta en inflamación sin ser reflejada en sus índices de masa corporal (12). Se estima que durante los próximos 10 años, la mayoría de las enfermedades cardíacas serán asociadas a la diabetes tipo 2, con multiplicación significativa en China, India, Asia Suroriental, México y Latinoamérica (13). Existe una necesidad urgente de desarrollar posibles soluciones con énfasis en las redes de apoyo social y métodos innovadores para la integración de una dieta balanceada y un estilo de vida saludable, a través de medios gratificantes a nivel personal, ya sea con incentivos financieros o sociales (14). El Instituto de Nutrición de Herbalife ha reunido algunas de las mentes más prestigiosas dentro de la ciencia de la nutrición del mundo de hoy para este proyecto educativo que le ofrece, no sólo la más reciente información a su disposición, sino también la integración de esta información a materiales que usted puede usar para personalizar su nutrición y estilo de vida. Nunca había sido tan importante entender la ciencia de la nutrición, ya que hoy en día la población mundial está atravesando una transición global en términos de nutrición. REFERENCES 1. Neel JV. Diabetes mellitus: A “thrifty” genotype rendered detrimental by “Progress”? Am J Hum Genet 1962;14:353–62. 2. Gross LS, Li L, Ford ES, Liu S. Increased consumption of refined

carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: An ecologic assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:774–9. 3. Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:537–43. 4. Bray GA, Popkin BM. Dietary fat intake does affect obesity! Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1157–73. 5. Darmon N, Briend A, Drewnowski A. Energy-dense diets are associated with lower diet costs: a community study of French adults. Public Health Nutr 2004;7:21–7. 6. Drewnowski A. Fat and sugar: An economic analysis. J Nutr 2003;133: 838S–40S. 7. Drewnowski A. Obesity and the food environment: Dietary energy density and diet costs. Am J Prev Med 2004;94:1555–9. 8. World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a joint WHO/FAO consultation. Geneva, Switzerland. 2003. Technical report 916. Available from: www.who.int/ dietphysicalactivity/publications/trs916/intro/en/ (cited March 2009).

9. Brand-Miller JC, Holt SH. Australian Aboriginal plant foods: A consideration of their nutritional composition and health implications. Nutr Res Rev 1998;11:5–23. 10. Kant AK. Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods by adult Americans: Nutritional and health implications. The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:929–36. 11. Hill JO, Wyatt HR, Reed GW, Peters JC. Obesity and the environment: Where do we go from here? Science 2003;299:853–5. 12. Seidell JC. Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes – A worldwide epidemic. Br J Nutr 2000;83(suppl 1):S5–8. 13. Bax JJ, van der Wall EE. Assessment of coronary artery disease in patients with (a)symptomatic diabetes. Eur Heart J 2006;27:631–2. 14. Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Wong ML, Licinio J. Is the worldwide epidemic of obesity a communicable feature of globalization? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008;116(suppl 1):S30–2.

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