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ISSN: 2229-3787

Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Research. 2015, 6(3), 55 - 57 Research Article

Evaluation of anti-coagulation effect of Achyranthes aspera on human blood Anima Jena*,K.Prathyusha, Y.Druvitha,S.Padmini,B.Ramesh,K.JayaPoorna, Dr. ch Dayakar Dhanvanthari Institute 0f Pharmaceutical Sceinces, Kothagudem, Khammam (Dist), Telangana Corresponding Author : [email protected] Received: July - 2015; Accepted: Aug - 2015 ABSTRACT The species of Achyranthes (fam. Amaranthaceae) is an important herbaceous weed plant having wide range of pharmacological and phytochemical properties. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated from different parts of this plant. The medicinal and ethnobotanical properties of this plant make it more valuable in tribal and rural community. The extraction of the different part of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) was carried out using petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and methanol in succession.The different extracts were evaluated for in-vitro anti-coagulation activity. The methanolic extract of seed showed significant anti- coagulation activity as compare to standard 25000 I.P. Heparin and turmeric. The presences of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, proteins, gumsmucilages, saponins, flavonoids and terpinoids were also confirmed during preliminary phytochemical screening.

Keywords: Achyranthes aspera L., in-vitro anti-coagulation activity, preliminary phytochemical screening.

Homeopathic, Naturopathic &Home Remedies (Dhale &

Introduction:

Bhoi, 2013). Medicinal plants are an important source for the therapeutic remedies of various ailments. Since time

This is very useful plant for having several medicinal

immemorial, different parts of medicinal plants have been

properties

used to cure specific ailments in India. Now-a-days there

phytochemicals

is widespread interest in evaluating drugs derived from

pentatriacontane,

plant sources (Doss &Anand, 2012). Before synthetic

(Narayana et al. 2001). The plant is used in indigenous

drugs era, disease treatment was entirely managed from

system of

medicine

herbal resources. It is estimated by WHO that about

antifertility,

laxative,

80% of the world’s population is residing in the vast

helminthic,

aphrodisiac,

rural areas of the developing under developed countries

antihypertensive, anticoagulant, diuretic and anti-tumor

still depends mainly on medicinal plants (GOI, 2000). It

(Anonymous 1985, Ratra et al. 1970). The juice of the

is common that most of the people in India widely use

plant is used in the treatment of boils, diarrhea, dysentery,

various

as

hemorrhoids, rheumatic pains, itches and skin eruptions

antitussive,

(Londonkar et al. 2011) and mostly act as anti-allergic,

plants

hepatoprotective, antifungal,

to

treat

several

anti-inflammatory,

antibacterial,

anti-cancer,

diseases

anti-diabetic

as

cardiovascular

well

as

containing

like

very important

achyranthine,

pentatriacontanone,

as

hexatriacontane

emenagogue,

ecbolic,

betaine,

antiarthritic,

abentifacient,

antiviral,

nephroprotective,

anti-

anti-plasmodic,

antiparasitic,

properties. Achyranthes aspera is a common plant found

hypoglyceamic, analgesic and antipyretic (Zaladiya et al,

throughout India. This is a well-known plant drug in

2013; Nadkarni, 2009,Vasudeva & Sharma, 2006). It is

Ayurvedic,

used in haemorrhoids, hydrophobia, as carminativeand

Unani-Tibbetian,

Siddha,

Allopathic,

digestive, resolve swelling, and expelphlegm. Plant ash is

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ISSN: 2229-3787

applied externally for ulcers and warts (Singh et al,

Method: Coagulant activity was evaluated for Petroleum

1996). In this present study we have investigated the anti-

ether, Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts of seeds and

coagulation effect of various extracts of different parts of

leaves of Achyranthus aspera Linn. The activity was

the plant.

tested according to standard method discussed in detail by MJ.De.Vera, 1962. Blood of a normal individual of

Materials and Methods

nearly 10ml was taken in different test tubes to determine

Plant material

the Anti-Coagulant activity.

Various parts of disease free fresh plant of Achyranthes

Pre-weighed sterile microtubes (0.5ml/tube) were used

aspera was collected during the month of March, 2015

for this purpose. All these test tubes were incubated at

from sujatanagar, district Khammam of Telengana. After

37°C for 45 minutes. After clot formation, the incubated

identification and aunthentication, fresh plants parts were

microtubes were centrifuged for 2 minutes and serum was

subjected to drying in normal environmental condition

removed completely using a micropipette (aspirated out

under shade separately. The dried leaves and seeds were

without disturbing the clot formed). Each microtubes with

powdered separately by pulverization and passed through

clotted blood were weighed again to determine the initial

sieve no 40 to obtained coarse powder then stored in air

clot weight, wherein ICW is the initial clot weight; TCW

tight container.

is the weight of tube with clot; and WT is the weight of tube alone.

Preparation of the extract ICW = TCW - WT The powders of leaves and seeds (each 100gm) were subjected to continuous hot extraction with petroleum

After the determination of the initial clot weight, each

ether, ethyl acetate and methanol in Soxhlet extractor

microtube containing the clot was labeled properly and

successively followed by concentrating each extract

0.1 ml of each of the prepared plant extract were added.

under vacuum.(Yield: petroleum ether – 3.45%, 1.55%,

For the controls, 0.1ml of Heparin and 0.1ml of distilled

ethyl acetate – 1.22%, 1.46%, methanol – 3.04%, 2.39%.)

water were separately added to the control tubes and were

with respect to dried powder plant material (leaves, and

labeled accordingly. The microtubes containing the

seeds). The extracts were used for anti-coagulation

treated clots were incubated again at 37°C for 90 minutes

activity study in human blood.

and clot lysis was observed. The incubated tubes were centrifuged for 2 minutes and the fluid obtained was

Phytochemical studies Al the extracts showed the presence of necessary secondary metabolites like alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, proteins, gums-mucilages, saponins,

removed. The microtubes were weighed again to determine the weight after clot disruption, where FWC is the final weight of clot; TWC is weight of tube with treated clot; and WT is the weight of tube alone.

flavonoids and steroids & terpinoids. Ethyl acetate

The difference obtained taken before and after clot lysis

extracts of seed & leaves showed presence of flavonoids

were expresses as percentage of clot lysis. The procedure

& triterpenoids and the methanolic extracts showed the

was repeated 5 times.

presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids & saponins.

FWC = TWC - WT

Drugs and chemicals: Heparin, Distilled water were

% Clot lysis = (ICW - FWC)/ICW x 100

used.

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ISSN: 2229-3787

Activity of some selected extracts which showed better

2. Govt. of India, 2000. Report of the Task Force

results among all the extracts upon blood clotting were

on Conservation & Sustainable use of Medicinal

given below.

Plants. Planning Commision, 1-2.

3. Dhale DA and Bhoi S. Pharmacognostic Characterization and Phytochemical Screening of

Achyranthes

Aspera

Linn,

Current

Agriculture Research Journal,2013, 1(1), 51-57.

4. Narayana RK, Reddy SM, Chaluvadi MR and Krishna DR (2001) Bioflavanoids classification, pharmacological,

biochemical

effects

and

therapeutic potentials. Indian J. Pharmacol, 33: 2-16.

5. Anonymous.The Materials.

New

Wealth Delhi:

of

India,

Raw

Publication

and

Information Directorate, Center for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), 1985,p57.

6. Ratra PS and Misra KC. Seasonal variation in chemical composition of A. aspera and A. bidentata. Indian Forester, 1970,96: 372-375. Conclusion

7. Londonkar

R,

Reddy

CV

and

Kumar

As we seen from the above studies it was concluded that

AK.Potentialantibacterial and antifungal activity

some of the extracts of Achyranthes aspera have

of Achyranthes aspera. L. Recent Res. Sci.

anticoagulant action on blood. The seed part of the plant

Technol, 2011,3(4): 53-57.

showed more Anti-coagulant activity as compare to standard 25000 IP HEPARIN.

8. ZalayadiyaVI, ShahVK, SantaniDD, Patel MS, Fosi JM, Chaudhary AK. 2013. Achyranthes aspera Plant with high Medicinal Important. Res

Acknowledgement The

others

are

J Pharmacol Pharmacodynamics. 5,4, 266-272. thankful

to

Director,Principal,

management and staff of Dhanvanthari Institute of Pharmaceutical

Sciences,Sujathanagar,Khammam

for

providing necessary facilities and coordination to carry out this work.

9. Nadkarni KM. 2009. Indian MateriaMedica. Bombay Popular Prakashan, I, 21.

10. Vasudeva N, Sharma SK. 2006. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,107(2), 179-181.

11. Singh VK, Ali ZA, Zaidi STH. 1996. Fitoterapia, 67(2), 129-139.

Reference

1. Doss A, Anand SP. (2012). Prelimary phytochemical

screening

of

Asteracantha

longifolia and Pergularia daema. World Appl Sci J. 18(2): 233-235.

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