CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SCHEME OF TEACHING & EXAMINATION SEMESTER: V Teaching Hrs/Week S. No.
Subject Code
Teac h ing Dept/ .
Title of the Subject
Marks IA
Theory / Practic al
Total
03
25
100
125
--
03
25
100
125
Theo ry
Pract ical
Duratio n (Hr)
Any Dept
04
--
Civil
04
1
06AL51
Management Entrepreneurship
2
06CV52
Design RCC
3
06CV53
Structural Analysis – II
Civil
04
--
03
25
100
125
4
06CV54
Geotechnical Engineering – I
Civil
04
--
03
25
100
125
5
06CV55
Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering
Civil
04
--
03
25
100
125
6
06CV56
Civil
04
--
03
25
100
125
7
06CVL 57
Civil
--
03
03
25
50
75
8
06CVL 58
Civil
--
03
03
25
50
75
TOTAL
24
06
24
200
700
900
of
&
Examination
Structures
Transportation Engineering – I Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machinery Lab Computer Aided Design Lab
1
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06AL51 - MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
2
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code:06AL51
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100 PART – A MANAGEMENT
UNIT – I MANAGEMENT: Introduction, Meaning, Nature and characteristics of Management, Scope and functional areas of management, Management as a science, art or profession, Management & Administration, Roles of Management, Levels of Management, Development of Management Thought, Early management approaches, Modern management approaches. 08 Hrs
UNIT – II PLANNING: Nature, Importance and purpose of planning process, Objectives, Types of plans (Meaning only), Decision making, Importance of planning, Steps in planning & planning premises, Hierarchy of plans. 07 Hrs
UNIT – III ORGANIZING AND STAFFING: Nature and purpose of organization, Principles of organization, Types of Organization, Departmentation, Committees, Centralisation Vs Decentralisation of authority and responsibility, Span of control, MBO and MBE (Meaning only) Nature and importance of Staffing, Process of Selection & Recruitment (in brief). 07 Hrs UNIT – IV DIRECTING & CONTROLLING: Meaning and nature of directing, Leadership styles, Motivation Theories, Communication, Meaning and importance, Coordination, meaning and importance and Techniques of Co-ordination, Meaning and steps in controlling, Essentials of a sound control system, Methods of establishing control (in brief). 08 Hrs PART – B
ENTREPRENEURSHIP UNIT – V ENTREPRENEUR: Meaning of Entrepreneur, Evolution of Concept, Functions of Entrepreneur, Types of Entrepreneur, Intrapreneur - an emerging class. Concept of Entrepreneurship, Evolution of Entrepreneurship, Development of Entrepreneurship, Stages in Entrepreneurial process, Role of Entrepreneurs in Economic Development; Entrepreneurship in India; Entrepreneurship – its Barriers. 09 Hrs
3
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
UNIT – VI SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY: Definition; Characteristics; Need and rationale; Objectives, Scope, role of SSI in Economic Development, Advantages of SSI, Steps to start an SSI, Government policy towards SSI, Different Polices of SSI., Government Support on SSI., during 5 year plans. Impact of Liberalization, Privatisation, Globalization on SSI, Effect of WTO/GATT Supporting Agencies of Government for SSI Meaning: Nature of support; Objectives; Functions; Types of Help; Ancillary Industry and Tiny Industry (Definition only). 09 Hrs
UNIT – VII INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: Different Schemes, TECKSOK, KIADB, KSSIDC; KSIMC; DIC Single Window Agency; SISI, NSIC, SIDBI, KSFC. 06 Hrs
UNIT – VIII PREPARATION OF PROJECT: Meaning of Project, Project Identification, Project Selection, Project Report, Need and significance of Project, Contents, formulation, Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report, Network Analysis, Errors of Project Report, Project Appraisal; Identification of Business Opportunities; Market Feasibility Study: Technical Feasibility Study, Financial Feasibility Study & Social Feasibility Study. 08 Hrs
Text Books: 1. Principles of Management – P.C. Tripathi, P.N. Reddy, Tata McGraw Hill, (Chapters 1,2,3,4,5,14,15,16,17) 2. Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development & Management – Vasant Desai – Himalaya Publishing House (Chapters 1,2,4,6,8,9,10,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22, 42,46,47) 3. Entrepreneurship Development – Small Business Enterprises – Poornima M. Charantimath – Pearson Education – 2006 ( 2&4). Reference Books: 1. Management Fundamentals – Concepts, Application, Skill Development – Robert Lusier – Thomson (Chap 1, 4, 12). 2. Dntrepreneurship Development – SS Khanka – S Chand & Co. (Chap 1, 2, 5, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20) 3. Management – Stephen Robbins – Pearson Education / PHI – 17th Edition, 2003.
4
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN Subject Name: Management & Entrepreneurship Subject Code: 06AL51 Period No.
Hours / Week: 05 Total Hours: 62
Topics to be covered
3.
Unit I: Introduction to Management Meaning, Nature and characteristics of Management, Scope and functional areas of management Management as a science, art or profession
4.
Management & Administration
5.
Roles of Management, Levels of Management,
6.
Development of Management Thought
7.
Early management approaches
8.
Modern management approaches
1. 2.
10.
Unit II: Nature, Importance of planning process, Purpose of planning, Objectives
11.
Types of plans (Meaning only)
12.
Decision making
13.
Importance of planning
14.
Steps in planning & planning premises
15.
Hierarchy of plans
9.
17.
Unit III: Nature and purpose of organization Principles of organization
18.
Types of Organization, Departmentation
19.
Committees, Centralization Vs Decentralization of authority and responsibility
20.
Span of control
21.
MBO and MBE (Meaning only) Nature and importance of Staffing
22.
Process of Selection & Recruitment (in brief)
16.
24.
Unit IV: Meaning and nature of directing Leadership styles,
25.
Motivation Theories
26.
Communication, Meaning and importance
23.
5
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Period No.
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered
27.
Coordination, meaning and importance and Techniques of Co-ordination
28.
Meaning and steps in controlling
29.
Essentials of a sound control system
30.
Methods of establishing control (in brief).
31.
Unit V: Meaning of Entrepreneur, Evolution of Concept
32.
Functions of Entrepreneur, Types of Entrepreneur
33.
Intrapreneur - an emerging class
34.
Concept of Entrepreneurship
35.
Evolution of Entrepreneurship, Development of Entrepreneurship
36.
Stages in Entrepreneurial process
37.
Role of Entrepreneurs in Economic Development
38.
Entrepreneurship in India;
39.
Entrepreneurship – its Barriers
40.
Unit VI: Definition; Characteristics; Need and rationale
41.
Objectives, Scope, role of SSI in Economic Development
42.
Advantages of SSI ,Steps to start an SSI,
43.
Government policy towards SSI, Different Polices of SSI
44.
Government Support on SSI., during 5 year plans
45.
Impact of Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization on SSI
46.
Effect of WTO/GATT Supporting Agencies of Government for SSI Meaning:
47.
Nature of support; Objectives; Functions; Types of Help
48.
Ancillary Industry and Tiny Industry (Definition only)
49.
Unit VII: Different Schemes
50.
TECKSOK
51.
KIADB, KSSIDC
52.
KSIMC; DIC Single Window Agency 6
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Period No.
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered
53.
SISI, NSIC
54.
SIDBI, KSFC
55.
Unit VIII: Meaning of Project, Project Identification, Project Selection, Project Report
56.
Need and significance of Project
57.
Contents, formulation
58.
Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report
59.
Network Analysis, Errors of Project Report
60.
Project Appraisal; Identification of Business Opportunities
61.
Market Feasibility Study: Technical Feasibility Study,
62.
Financial Feasibility Study & Social Feasibility Study.
7
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
8
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
9
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
10
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CV52 – DESIGN OF STRUCTURES – RCC
11
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV52
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100
PART - A 1. GENERAL FEATURES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE: i. Introduction ii. Design loads iii. Materials for reinforced concrete iv. Code requirements of reinforcements. v. Design Philosophy vi. Limit State Design principles vii. Philosophy of limit state design viii. Principles of limit states ix. Factor of Safety x. Characteristic and design loads xi. Characteristic and design strength
06 hrs
2.
PRINCIPLES OF LIMIT STATE DESIGN AND ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF RC SECTION i. General aspects of ultimate strength ii. Stress block parameters for limit state of collapse iii. Ultimate flexural strength of singly reinforced rectangular sections iv. Ultimate flexural strength of doubly reinforced rectangular sections v. Ultimate flexural strength of flanged sections vi. Ultimate shear strength of RC sections vii. Ultimate torsional strength of RC sections viii. Concepts of development length and anchorage ix. Analysis examples of singled reinforced, doubly reinforced, flanged sections, shear strength and development length. 07 hrs
3.
FLEXURE AND SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES: i. General specification for flexure design of beams ii. Practical requirements of size of beam iii. Cover to reinforcement-spacing of bars iv. General aspects of serviceability v. Deflection limits in IS: 456-2000 vi. Calculation of deflection (Theoretical method) vii. Cracking in structural concrete members viii. Calculation of deflections and crack width
12
06 hrs
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
4. i. ii. iii. iv. v.
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
DESIGN OF BEAMS: Design procedures for critical sections for moments and shears Anchorage of bars: check for development length Reinforcement requirements Slenderness limits for beams to ensure lateral stability Design examples for simply supported beams and cantilever beams (rectangular and flanged sections) 08 hrs PART - B
5.
DESIGN OF SLABS i. General consideration of design of slabs ii. Rectangular slabs spanning in one direction iii. Rectangular slabs spanning in two directions for various boundary conditions iv. Design of simply supported, cantilever slabs and continuous slabs as per IS:456-2000 08 hrs 6. DESIGN OF COLUMNS i. General aspects ii. Effective length of column iii. Loads on columns iv. Slenderness ratio for columns v. Minimum eccentricity vi. Design of short axially loaded columns vii. Design of column subject to combined axial load and uni-axial moment and biaxial moment using SP 16 charts 05 hrs 7. i. ii. iii. iv. v.
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS Introduction Load for footing Design basis for limit state method Design of isolated rectangular footing for axial load uni-axial moment Design of pedestal
06 hrs
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.
DESIGN OF STAIR CASE: General features Types of staircase Loads on staircases Effective span as per IS code provisions Distribution of loading on stairs Design of staircases.
06 hrs
8.
13
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Reference Books: 1. N. Krishna Raju, "Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (IS: 456-2000)", 3rd Edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi. 2. A.K. Jain − "Limit state method of design," Nemichand and Bros, Roorkee 3. Park and Paulay, −" Reinforced concrete." John Wiley & Bros. 4. B.C. Punmia, Ashok kumar Jain & Arun kumar Jain − “Limit State design of Reinforced Concrete” Laxmi Publication, New Delhi. 5. SP-16 Only Design charts pertaining to column design. 6. S. S. Bhavikatti, “Design of RCC Structural Elements”, Vol-1, New Age International Publications, New Delhi.
14
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN Subject Name: Design of Structures RCC Subject Code: 06CV52
Hours / Week: 05 Total Hours: 62
Period Topics to be covered No. 1. Unit - I Introduction 2. Design loads, Materials for reinforced concrete and Code requirements of reinforcements 3. Design Philosophy, Limit State Design principles 4. Philosophy of limit state design 5. Principles of limit states 6. Factor of Safety, Characteristic and design loads, Characteristic and design strength 7. Factor of Safety, Characteristic and design loads, Characteristic and design strength 8. Unit – II General aspects of ultimate strength, Stress block parameters for limit state of collapse 9. Ultimate flexural strength of singly reinforced rectangular sections 10. Ultimate flexural strength of doubly reinforced rectangular sections 11. Ultimate flexural strength of flanged sections 12. Ultimate shear strength of RC sections, Ultimate torsional strength of RC sections 13. Concepts of development length and anchorage, Analysis examples of singled reinforced 14. Analysis examples of singled reinforced 15. Analysis examples of doubly reinforced, flanged sections, 16. Shear strength and development length 17. Unit – III General specification for flexure design of beams - Practical requirements of size of beam 18. Cover to reinforcement-spacing of bars, general aspects of serviceability 19. Deflection limits in IS: 456-2000, Calculation of deflection (Theoretical method) 20. Calculation of deflection (Theoretical method) 21. Cracking in structural concrete members 22. Calculation of deflections and crack width 23. Calculation of deflections and crack width 24. Unit – IV Design procedures for critical sections for moments and shears, Anchorage of bars: check for development length 25. Design procedures for critical sections for moments and shears, Anchorage of bars: check for development length 26. Reinforcement requirements 27. Slenderness limits for beams to ensure lateral stability 28. Design examples for simply supported beams (rectangular sections) Design examples for cantilever beams (rectangular sections) 29. 15
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Period No. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
0Topics to be covered Design examples for simply supported beams (flanged sections) Design examples for simply supported beams (flanged sections) Design examples for cantilever beams flanged sections) Design examples for simply supported beams (rectangular sections) Design examples for cantilever beams flanged sections) Unit - V General consideration of design of one way & two way slabs Design of Rectangular slabs spanning in one direction Rectangular slabs spanning in two directions for various boundary conditions Design of simply supported, cantilever slabs and continuous slabs as per IS:4562000 Design of simply supported, cantilever slabs and continuous slabs as per IS:4562000 Design example of one way simply supported slab Design example of one way continuous slab Design example of two way simply supported slab Design example of two way simply supported slab Problems Unit - VI General aspects, Effective length of column, Loads on columns Slenderness ratio for columns, Minimum eccentricity, Design of short axially loaded columns Design of column subject to combined axial load Design of column subject to combined axial load uni-axial moment using SP 16 charts Design of column subject to combined axial load and uni-axial moment and biaxial moment using SP 16 charts Design of column subject to combined axial load and uni-axial moment and biaxial moment using SP 16 charts Unit - VII Introduction, Load for footing, Design basis for limit state method Design of isolated rectangular footing for axial load Design of isolated rectangular footing for axial load Design of isolated rectangular footing for axial load uniaxial moment Design of isolated rectangular footing for axial load uniaxial moment Design of pedestal Unit-VIII General features, Types of staircase, Loads on staircases Effective span as per IS code provisions, Distribution of loading on stairs Design of staircases with landing slab spanning parallel to flight direction Design of staircases with landing slab spanning parallel to flight direction Design of staircases with landing slab spanning perpendicular to flight direction Design of staircases with landing slab spanning perpendicular to flight direction 16
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK 01
a. b.
02
a. b.
03
a. b.
04
a.
05
a. b.
06
a. b.
07
Explain working stress method, ultimate load method and limit state method if design of R.C.C. members An R.C.C. beam section 300mm x 500mm is reinforced with a 4 no. 16mm φ with an effective cover of 50mm. Te beam is simply supported over a span of 6m. Find the maximum permissible uniformly distributed load on the beam. Use M20 concrete and Fe500 steel Compare limit state method and Working stress method of designs of RCC structures A rectangular beam section 250 mm. Wide and 500 mm. Deep upto the center of tension steel consists of 4 nos. 22 mm. Diameter bars. Find the position of the natural axis, the lever arm. The forces of compression and tension and the safe moment of resistance, if concrete is of M-20 mix and steel is of Fe-415 grade. Adopt limit state method of design. Find what concentrated load it can span, if the beam has an effective span of 6 m Write a note on Limit State method of design RCC structures A cantilever beam of 3m span has depth varying from 500mm at the fixed end to 200mm at the free end. It carries a uniformly distributed service load of 50kN/m. Design the beam in flexure and shear. Use M15 concrete and Fe 250 grade steel. Take a factor for loads equal to 2.0. Sketch the details of reinforcement A Cantilever beam has a span of 4.5 m and cross-section 300 x 750 mm. The beam is re forced with 6 bars of 25 mm in two layer at top and 3 of 25 mm at bottom. Calculate the maximum load that can be allowed on the beam. Use M20 concrete and Fe-415 steel What is a doubly reinforced beam? Explain the circumstances of using doubly reinforced beam Design a rectangular beam for an effective span of 6 m. The imposed load on the beam is 80 KN / m and the size of the beam is limited to 300m x 700mm. Assume M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Also design shear reinforcements and sketch the detail of reinforcement Clearly explain the difference between balanced section, under reinforced section and over reinforced section A rectangular R.C. beam section is of (200 mm x 500 mm.) over all size. It is reinforced with 4 nos. 25mm mm. Diameter bars in compression at an effective cover 0f 50mm. Determine the area of tension reinforcement needed to make the beam section fully effective. What then would be the moment of resistance? Use M-15 concrete and Fe-250 steel. Adopt limit state method of design A rectangular slab of internal dimensions 230 mm x 600 mm is simply supported over a span of 8 m. It is carrying a.u.d.l. of 20 kN/m in addition to as central concentrated load of 10kN. 20 concrete and Fe-415 steel. Design the beam completely. Sketch the detailing of reinforcement
17
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
A meeting hall of a commercial building measures 6m x 15m. The floor slab is 120mm thick supported on beams spaced at 3m c/c and spanning along the short span. The floor span is supposed to carry a superimposed load of 4kN/m2 in addition to self wt. Of slab, floor finish of 1.5 kN/m2 and unknown partition walls of 1.25 kN/m2. Assuming the breadth of the beam as 300mm design an indeterminate beam for mid span section. Given concrete of grade M 20 and steel of grade Fe-415. Sketch the detailing of beam A T-beam slab floor of RCC has 150mm thick slab forming part of T-beams which are 09 of 10m clear span. The end bearing are 450mm thick. Spacing of T-beams is 3m. The live load on the floor is 4kN/m2. Assuming fck = 15N/mm2 and fy = 415N/mm2 design one of the intermediate T- beams. Using the limit state method of design. Take load factor as 1.5. Sketch the reinforcement details 10 a. Derive from fundamentals the expressions for area of stress block 0.36 fck xu and depth of center of compressive force from the extreme fiber in compression 0.42 xu b. A Tee-beam section has the following data:i. Effective width of flange = 2000mm. ii. Thickness of flange = 150mm. iii. Width of rib = 300mm. iv. Effective depth = 1000mm A 10m. Span bean caries a monolithic slab cantilever 2 m. from the beam center line 11 as shown in Fig.1 and Fig 2. The resulting L-beam carries a live load of 2000 N/m2. The effective depth of beam is 600mm. And its width is 300mm. Using M- 20 concrete and Fe-250 steel, design the torsional, and shear reinforcement for the beam. Sketch the details of reinforcement 08
Figure
18
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
A rectangular slab of internal dimensions 4m x 6m is carrying a superimposed load of 4kN/m2, in addition to other dead loads. The slab is supported on masonry walls of 230 thick and it is continuous on three side and discontinuous on the short span. Adopt fck = 20N/mm2 , fy = 415N/mm2 . Design and detail the slab 13 a. Explain the differences between one way slabs and two way slabs b. Design a two-way slab for a room 5.5m x 4m if the superimposed load is 5 KN/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. The slab is simply supported and corners held down 14 a. Distinguish between one- way and two- way slabs b. Design a reinforced concrete slab of size 6m x 4m. Whose one short edge is discontinuous and corners are restrained at supports. The slab has to carry a live load of 3 kN/m2 and floor finish 1 kN/m2. Use M-15 concrete and Fe-415 steel. Sketch the details of reinforcement 15 a. A room is of size 3m x 4.5m, and walls are built with 250mm thick brick work. It is covered with a simply supported slab which as to take an imposed characteristic load of 2kN/2. Design the slab and sketch the layout of reinforcements b. A longitudinal type of staircase spans a distance of 3.75m center to center of beams. The rise ’R’= 175mm. Tread T = 250mm. Number of steps = 15. Assuming M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel, design the staircase for a live load of 5kN/m2. Assume breath of Stair case as 1.5m. Sketch the reinforcement details Design the roof slab and the beam for a way side bus-stand shulter shown in fig. 1 (a) 16 and fig(b). Sketch the reinforcement details for the slab and also for the beam 12
Figure
19
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
17
18
19
20
21
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Design a rectangular column with 300mm width to carry an axial load of1200 kN (service load) and 100kN –m (factored) moment. Use M20 concrete and Fe-415 steel. Show the details of reinforcement. Design the reinforcements for a short axially loaded square columns of size 400 x 400mm to support a load of 1000kN. Also design an isolated square footing for this column, taking safe bearing capacity of the soil as 1000kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Sketch the details of reinforcements. A rectangular column 450mm x 600mm transfers a dead load of 880kN and a live load of 1420kN, without any moment and there is no overburden. The safe bearing capacity of soil is 140kN/m2. Using M20 grade concrete and Fe415 steel, Design a rectangular footing to support the column. Sketch the details of reinforcement. A rectangular simply supported beam of clear span 4.8m is 360mm x 580mm in cross section. It is reinforced on tension side with 6 bars of 20mm diameter. Calculate short term and long-term deflections. Use M20 concrete and Fe-415 steel. The effective cover is 40mm. Take super imposed live load as 28kN/m and super imposed dead load as 20kN/m. An R.C.C. beam of effective span 6m carries a load of 20kN/m. The beam is 230mm x 500mm. The reinforcement consists of 2 rods of 20mm dia. Calculate the short-term deflection. Check the section for deflection if the long term deflection if 25mm.
20
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
21
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
22
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
23
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
24
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
25
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CV53 – STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS – II
26
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV53
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100
PART - A 1. ROLLING LOAD AND INFLUENCE LINES 1.1 Rolling load analysis for simply supported beams for several point loads and fractional UDL 1.2 Influence line diagram for reaction, SF and BM at a given section for the cases mentioned in 1.1 06 hrs 2. SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Sign convention 2.3 Development of slope -deflection equations 2.4 Analysis of Beams and Orthogonal Rigid jointed plane frames (non-sway) with kinematic redundancy less than/equal to three. (Members to be axially rigid) 08 hrs 3. MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Definition of terms - Distribution factor, Carry over factor 3.3 Development of method 3.4 Analysis of beams and orthogonal rigid jointed plane frames (non-sway) with kinematic redundancy less than/equal to three. (Members to be axially rigid) 08 hrs 4. SWAY ANALYSIS Analysis of rigid jointed plane frames (sway, members assumed to be axially rigid and kinematic redundancy ≤ 3) by slope deflection and moment distribution methods. 04 hrs
PART - B 5. KANI'S METHOD 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Basic concept 5.3 Analysis of continuous beams 5.4 Analysis of rigid jointed non-sway plane frames
27
06 hrs
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
6. FLEXIBILITY MATRIX METHOD OF ANALYSIS 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Axis and Coordinates 6.3 Development of flexibility matrix for plane truss element and axially rigid plane framed structural elements 6.4 Analysis of plane truss and axially rigid plane frames by flexibility method with static indeterminacy ≤3 using transformation matrix. 07 hrs 7. STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD OF ANALYSIS 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Axix and Co-ordinates 7.3 Development of stiffness matrix for plane truss element and axially rigid plane framed structural elements 7.4 Analysis of plane truss and axially rigid plane frames by stiffness method with kinematic indeterminacy ≤ 3 using transformation matrix. 07 hrs. 8. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DYNAMICS 8.1 Basic principles of Vibrations and causes, periodic and non-periodic motion, harmonic and non-harmonic motion. Period and frequency. 8.2 Forced and Free Vibration, Damping. 8.3 Equations of Single Degree of Freedom System with and without damping
Text Books: 2. Reddy C S, "Basic Structural Analysis", Second edition, Tata McgrawHill Publication Company Ltd., 3. S P Gupta, G S Pandit and R Gupta, "Theory of Structures Vol. 2",Tata McGraw hill Publication Company Ltd., 4. Clough R.W. and Penzin J., “Dynamics of Structures”, Tata McGraw Hill Publications. 5. S. S. Bhavikatti – “Structural Analysis – II”, Vikas Publishers, New Delhi. Reference Books: 1. J Sterling Kinney, "Indeterminate structural Analysis", Oxford & IBH Publishing Co 2. Norris C.H., Wilbur J.B., "Elementary Structural Analysis", McGraw Hill International Book Edition 3. Ashok K. Jain, "Advanced structural Analysis", Nem Chand & Bros., Roorkee, India. 4. D. S. Prakash Rao "Structural Analysis", A unified approach; University Press. 5. C.K. Wang, "Intermediate Structural Analysis" McGraw Hill Publications.
28
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN Subject Name: Structural Analysis - II Subject Code: 06CV53
Hours / Week: 05 Total Hours: 62
Period Topics to be covered No Rolling Load and Influence Lines 01 Explanation of Rolling load and influence lines 02 Rolling load analysis for simply supported beams for several point loads and fractional UDL 03 Rolling load analysis for simply supported beams for several point loads and fractional UDL 04 Influence line diagram for reaction, SF and BM at a given section for the given numerical problems 05 Influence line diagram for reaction, SF and BM at a given section for the given numerical problems 06 Influence line diagram for reaction, SF and BM at a given section for the given numerical problems 07 Influence line diagram for reaction, SF and BM at a given section for the given numerical problems 08 Influence line diagram for reaction, SF and BM at a given section for the given numerical problems Slope Deflection Method 09 Introduction to slope deflection method of analysis, sign convention and derivation of slope deflection equations 10 Analysis of Continues beams by slope deflection method 11 Analysis of Continues beams by slope deflection method 12 Analysis of Continues beams by slope deflection method 13 Analysis of Continues beams by slope deflection method 14 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by slope deflection method 15 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by slope deflection method 16 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by slope deflection method 17 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by slope deflection method 18 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by slope deflection method 19 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by slope deflection method Moment Distribution Method 20 Introduction, Explanation of distribution factor, carry over factor and development of moment distribution method 21 Analysis of Continues beams by moment distribution method 22 Analysis of Continues beams by moment distribution method 23 Analysis of Continues beams by moment distribution method 24 Analysis of Continues beams by moment distribution method 25 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by moment distribution method 26 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by moment distribution method 29
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Period Topics to be covered No 27 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by moment distribution method 28 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by moment distribution method 29 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by moment distribution method 30 Analysis of Rigid Joint frame by moment distribution method Sway Analysis 31 Analysis of Rigid Joint Frame with Sway by Slope deflection method 32 Analysis of Rigid Joint Frame with Sway by Slope deflection method 33 Analysis of Rigid Joint Frame with Sway by moment distribution method 34 Analysis of Rigid Joint Frame with Sway by moment distribution method 35 Analysis of Rigid Joint Frame with Sway by moment distribution method Kani’s Method 36 Introduction, Determination of Rotation factors, displacement factors, Storrey movement, 37 Analysis of continuous beam by Kanis Method 38 Analysis of continuous beam by Kanis Method 39 Analysis of Rigid joint Non Sway plain frames by Kanis Method 40 Analysis of Rigid joint Non Sway plain frames by Kanis Method 41 Analysis of Rigid joint Non Sway plain frames by Kanis Method 42 Analysis of Rigid joint Non Sway plain frames by Kanis Method Flexibility Matrix Method of Analysis 43 Introduction, Axis and coordinates of member joints 44 Development of flexibility matrix for truss element 45 Development of flexibility matrix for flexural member 46 Analysis of continuous beam by flexibility matrix method 47 Analysis of continuous beam by flexibility matrix method 48 Analysis of Rigid joint beam by flexibility matrix method 49 Analysis of Rigid joint beam by flexibility matrix method Stiffness Matrix method of Analysis 50 Introduction, Axis and coordinates of member joints 51 Development of flexibility matrix for truss element 52 Development of flexibility matrix for flexural member 53 Analysis of continuous beam by stiffness matrix method 54 Analysis of continuous beam by stiffness matrix method 55 Analysis of Rigid joint beam by Stiffness matrix method 56 Analysis of Rigid joint beam by Stiffness matrix method Basic Principles of Dynamics 57 Basic principles of Vibrations and causes, periodic and non-periodic motion 58 Harmonic and non-harmonic motion. Period and frequency 59 Forced and Free Vibration, Damping 60 Equations of Single Degree of Freedom System with and without damping 61 Equations of Single Degree of Freedom System without damping 62 Equations of Single Degree of Freedom System with damping
30
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK 01 Determine the external/internal indeterminacy for the following structures. Analyze the continuous beam as shown in figure, sketch BMD & SFD by Slope deflection method. Distinguish between force method and displacement method of analysis of statically 03 indeterminate structures. For the frame shown in the figure below, draw the BMD & the elastic curve, Slope 04 deflection method. 02
05
Determine the forces in all the members of the truss shown in the figure by strain energy method, Mark the member in the truss. The entire member has the same axial flexibility.
31
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06
For the frame shown in the figure below draw the bending moment diagram and the elastic curve by Moment distribution method.
07
For the frame shown in the figure below draw the bending moment diagram and the elastic curve, using slope deflection method.
08
For the frame shown in the figure below draw the bending moment diagram and the elastic curve, Moment distribution method.
32
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
09
For the continuous ABC shown in the fig, draw the B.M.D and elastic curve using slope deflection method, support sinks by 20mm E=2x 105 Mpa and I = 400x 104 mm4
10
For the frame shown in the figure below draw the bending moment diagram and the elastic curve, using moment distribution method.
11
For the frame shown in the figure below draw the bending moment diagram and the elastic curve, using moment distribution method.
33
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
12
For the frame shown in the figure below draw the bending moment diagram and the elastic curve, using kani’s method.
13
For the frame shown in the figure below draw the bending moment diagram and the elastic curve, using kani’s method.
14 Analyze the beam shown below by flexibility method.
34
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
15 Analyse the beam shown below by force method.
16 Analyse the beam shown below by displacement method.
17 Analyse the beam shown below by stiffness method
35
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
36
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
37
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
38
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
39
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
40
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
41
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CV54 – GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – I
42
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV54
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62 1.
Exam Marks: 100
INTRODUCTION i. History of soil mechanics, Definition, origin and formation of soil ii. Phase diagram; Voids ratio, Porosity, Percentage Air voids, Air content, Degree of saturation, Moisture content, Specific gravity, Bulk density, Dry density, Saturated density, Submerged density inter relationships 06 hrs
2. i. ii.
3A. i. ii. iii. iv. 3B.
INDEX PROPERTIES OF SOILS & THEIR DETERMINATION Index properties of soils - Specific gravity, water content, particle size distribution, Relative Density, Consistency limits and indices, insitu density, Activity of Clay Laboratory determination of index properties of soils: Specific gravity, Moisture content, Particle size distribution (Sieve analysis and Hydrometer analysis only), Liquid limit Casagrande and cone penetration methods, Plastic limit and shrinkage limit determination 07 hrs CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS Purpose of soil classification basis for soil classification, Particle size classification - MIT classification and IS classification; Textural classification. Unified soil classification and IS classification - plasticity chart and its importance. Field Identification of soils
ii. iii. iv. v. vi.
CLAY MINERALOGY & SOIL STRUCTURE Single grained, honey combed, flocculent and dispersed structures Valence bonds Soil-water system: Electrical diffuse double layer, adsorbed water, base-exchange capacity. Isomorphus substitution Common clay minerals in soils and their structures - kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite 08 hrs FLOW OF WATER THROUGH SOILS Daircy's law - assumptions and validity; coefficient of permeability and its determination (laboratory and field) Factors affecting permeability Permeability of stratified soils Seepage velocity, superficial velocity and coefficient of percolation Effective stress concept - total pressure and effective stress, quick sand phenomenon Capillary phenomenon 07 hrs
i. ii. iii. iv.
COMPACTION OF SOILS Definition; Principle of compaction, Standard and Modified Proctor's compaction tests Factors affecting compaction; Effect of compaction on soil properties Field compaction control, Proctor's needle Compacting equipments, Dynamic compaction, vibroflotation 06 hrs
i. ii. iii. iv. v. 4. i.
5.
43
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
6.
CONSOLIDATION OF SOILS i. Definition, Mass - spring analogy ii. Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory - assumptions and limitations (No derivations) iii. Normally consolidated, under consolidated and over consolidated soils; Pre-consolidation pressure and its' determination by Casagrande's method iv. Consolidation characteristics of soil (Cc, av, mv and Cv), Time rate of consolidation 06 hrs 7. SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL i. Concept of shear strength ii. Mohr's strength theory, Mohr - Coulomb theory iii. Conventional and modified failure envelops iv. Total and effective shear strength parameters v. Concept of pore pressure, factors affecting shear strength of soils vi. Sensitivity and Thixotropy of clay 06 hrs 8.
DETERMINATION OF CONSOLIDATION AND SHEAR PROPERTIES OF SOIL i. Laboratory one dimensional consolidation test ii. Determination of consolidation characteristics of soils – compression index and coefficient of consolidation iii. Determination of coefficient of consolidation by square root of time fitting method iv. Logarithmic time fitting method and rectangular hyperbola method v. Measurement of shear parameters vi. Direct Shear test, unconfined compression test vii. Triaxial compression test and vane shear test, Test under different drainage conditions 06 hrs Text Books: 1. Braja, M. Das (2002), “Principles of Geotechnical Engineering”, Fifth Edition Thomson Business Information India (P) Ltd., India. 2. Alam Singh and Chowdhary G.R. (1994), "Soil Engineering in Theory and Practice", CBS Publishers and Distributors Ltd., New,Delhi. 3. Punmia, B.C. (2003), "Soil Mechanics and Foundations", Laxrni Publishing Co., New Delhi. Reference Books: 1. Bowles, J.E. (1996), “Foundation Analysis and Designs”, 5t,h Edition, McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New York. 2. Murthy, V.N.S. (1996), “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering”, Edition, UBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi. 3. Gopal Ranjan and Rao, A.S.R. (2000), “Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics”, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi. 4. Venkatrahmaiah C. (2006), “Geotechnical Engineering” 3rd Edition New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi. 5. Craig R.F. (1987), “Soil Mechanics”, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Ltd., 44
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN Subject Name: Geotechnical Engineering - I Subject Code: 06CV54
Hours / Week: 05 Total Hours: 62
Period Topics to be covered No Introduction 01 History of soil mechanics, Definition, Origin and formation of soils. 02 Phase Diagram- Saturated and Dry soil, Basic definition of Densities. 03 Basic definitions: Voids ratio, Porosity, Percentage air voids, Air content. 04 Basic Definitions: Degree of saturation, Moisture content, Specific gravity. 05 Bulk Density, Dry density, Saturated density, Submerged Density 06 Submerged Density and their inter relationships 07 Problems on Three Phase system Index properties of soils and their determination 08 Index properties of soils- Specific gravity, water content, Particle size distribution, Relative Density. 09 Consistency limits and indices, insitu density, activity of Clay 10 Laboratory determination of Index properties of soils: Specific gravity by Pychonometer/ density bottle method & moisture content 11 Problems on consistency limits 12 Particle size distribution- Sieve analysis and Sedimentation analysis (Hydrometer analysis) 13 Liquid limit- Casagrande’s and Cone penetration methods 14 Plastic limit and Shrinkage limit determination 15 Problems Classification Of Soils 16 Particle size classification-MIT classification and IS classification, textural classification. 17 Unified soil classification and IS classification – Plasticity chart and its importance 18 Field identification of soils 19 Problems on classification of soils Clay Mineralogy & Soil Structure 20 Single grained, honey combed, flocculent and dispersed structures. 21 Valence bonds. 22 Soil-water system: Electrical diffuse double layer, Adsorbed water, base-exchange capacity, Isomorphus substitution 23 Common clay minerals in soil and their structures – Kaolinite, Illite 24 Common clay minerals- Montmorillonite Flow Of Water Through Soils 25 Darcy’s Law- Assumptions and validity, Coefficient of permeability and its determination 26 Factors affecting permeability 27 Permeability of stratified soils 45
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Period Topics to be covered No 28 Seepage velocity, superficial velocity and coefficient of percolation 29 Problems on determination of permeability 30 Problems on Permeability of soils 31 Problems on permeability of soils Compaction Of Soils 32 Effective stress concept- total pressure and effective stress, quick sand phenomenon 33 Capillary phenomenon, Problems 34 Definitions: Standard and Modified proctors compaction test. 35 Factors affecting compaction: Effect of compaction on soil properties. 36 Problems on OMC and MDD 37 Field compaction methods- Rollers and vibrations 38 Field compaction control. 39 Problems 40 Problems on Compaction 41 Problems on Compaction Consolidation Of Soils 42 Definition: Mass- spring analogy. 43 Terzaghi, one dimensional consolidation theory- assumptions and limitations 44 Normally consolidated and over consolidated soils 45 Pre consolidated pressure and its determination by Cassagrande,s methods. 46 Laboratory one-dimensional consolidation test 47 Determination of consolidation characteristics of soils- Time rate of Consolidation 48 Problems on Consolidation 49 Problems on Consolidation Shear Strength Of Soil 50 Concept of shear strength, Mohr Strength theory 51 Mohr-coulomb theory, Conventional and Modified failure envelops 52 Total and effective shear strength parameters 53 Concept of pore pressure, factors affecting shear strength of soils 54 Sensitivity of soils 55 Thixotropy of clay Determination of Consolidation and Shear properties of soil 56 Laboratory one dimensional consolidation test 57 Determination of Consolidation characteristics of soils – compression index and coefficient of consolidation 58 Determination of Coefficient of consolidation by square root of time fitting method, logarithmic time fitting method and rectangular hyperbola method 59 Explanation to direct shear test, Direct shear test 60 Explanation to unconfined compression test, triaxial compression test 61 Vane shear test, test under different drainage conditions 62 Problems on shear test. 46
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK 01 02 03 04 05
06
07 08
09
Define the following terms: Voids ratio, Porosity, Degree of saturation, Percentage of voids, Air content, Density index Define water content of a soil. How will you determine this for given soil sample with the help of a pycnometer? Describe the sand replacement method of determining the in place density of fill. Define and explain consistency, consistency index, and Atterberg’s limits of the clayey soil. Determine the water content of a given moist Soil of known specific gravity using a pycnometer from first principles Following are the observations: Mass of pycnometer (M1) = 545g Mass of pycnometer with Moist Soil (M2) = 790g Mass of pycnometer with Soil and water (M3) = 1540g Mass of pycnometer and water (M4) = 1415g Specific gravity of Soil grains is = 2.67 The bulk unit weight of a soil is 19.10 KN /m3, the water content is 12.5% and the specific gravity of soil solids 2.67. Determine the dry unit weight, void ratio, porosity and degree of saturation. From the results of a sieve analysis given below, plot a grain – size distribution curve and then determine effective size uniformity coefficient and coefficient of curvature. A soil sample has a total unit weight of 16.97 KN /m and a void ratio of 0.84. The specific gravity of soil particles is 2.70. Determine the moisture content, dry unit weight and degree of saturation of the soil sample. A shrinkage limit test on a clay soil gave the following data. Compute the shrinkage limit. Assume that the total volume of dry soil cake is equal to its total volume at the shrinkage limit what is the degree of shrinkage? Comment the nature of soil. Mass of shrinkage dish and saturated soil (M1) Mass of shrinkage dish and oven dry soil (M2) Mass of shrinkage dish (M3) Volume of shrinkage dish (V0) Total volume of oven dry soil cake (Vd)
10
11 12
= = = = =
38.78g 30.49g 10.65g 10.1g 10.10cm3
The natural moisture content of an excavated soil is 32%. Its liquid limit is 60% and plastic limit is 27%. Determine the plasticity index of the soil comment about the nature of soil. What are the different systems of classification of soil? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the systems What is plasticity chart? How is this chart useful for classifying fine-grained soils?
47
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
13 14 15 16
17
18 19 20 21 22
23
24 25 26 27 28
29
30
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
The mechanical analysis of a soil gave the following information: sand = 35%, silt = 40%, Clay = 25%. Classify the soil as per the Triangular classification system. Describe the laboratory methods of determination of coefficients of permeability of soil. What are the factors affecting permeability? Explain briefly? A constant head permeability test was carried out on a cylindrical sample of sand 10 cm diameter and 15 cm height. 160 cm 3of water was collected in 1.75 min, under a head of 30 cm. compute the coefficient of coefficient of permeability and velocity of flow. A sand deposit contains three distinct horizontal layers of equal thickness. The coefficient of permeability of the upper and lower layers is 10-cm/ sec and that of the middle is 10 cm/sec. What are the coefficients of horizontal and vertical coefficients of permeability of the three layers, and what is their ratio Explain and discuss the validity of Darcy’s law Differentiate between Compaction and consolidation? Draw an ideal compaction curve and discuss the effect of moisture on dry density of soil. Write a short note on types of compaction equipments used in the field? Proctor compaction test was conducted on a soil sample, and the following observations were made: Water content % 7.7 11.5 14.6 17.5 19.5 21.2 Weight of wet soil 1.7 1.89 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.92 If the volume of the mould used was 950c.c and the specific gravity of the soil grains was 2.65, make necessary calculations and draw, (i) compaction curve and (ii) 80% and 100% saturation lines A small cylinder having volume of 600c.c is pre stressed into recently compacted fill of embankment, filling the cylinder is 1100gm. The dry mass of the soil is 910 gm. determine the void ratio and saturation of the soil. Take specific gravity of soil grains as 2.7 Define consolidation? Explain the principle of consolidation? Explain immediate compression, primary compression and secondary compression? Explain coefficient of compressibility, compression index, degree of consolidation and coefficient of volume compressibility? Define normally consolidated clay, under consolidated clay and over consolidated clay? A soil has a compression index, Cc of 0.28. At a stress of 120KN / m2 the void ratio was 1.02. Calculate (i) the void ratio if the stress on the soil is increased to 180\KN /m2, and (ii) the settlement of the stratum of 6m thickness. In an oedometer test, a clay specimen initially 25mm thickness attains 90% consolidation in 10 minutes. In the field, the clay stratum from which the specimen was obtained has a thickness of 6m and is sandwiched between two sand layers. A structure constructed on this clay experienced an ultimate settlement of 200 mm. Estimate the settlement at the end of 100 days after construction. The surface of a saturated clay deposit is located permanently below a body of water. Laboratory tests have indicated that the average natural water content of the clay is 47% and that the specific gravity of the solid matter is 2.74. What is the vertical effective pressure at a depth of 11.28 m below top of clay?
48
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
31
32 33
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Compute the critical hydraulic gradient for the following materials. Coarse gravel, k = 10 cm/sec, G = 2.67, e = 2.65 Sandy silt, k = 10-6 cm/sec, G = 2.67, e = 0.80 Write a short note on structure of cohesive soils Write a short note residual and transported soil.
49
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
50
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
51
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
52
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
53
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CV55 - HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
54
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV55
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100
Part - A Unit-I INTRODUCTION Definition of hydrology, importance of hydrology, global water availability indias water availability, practical applications of hydrology, Hydrologic cycle (Horton’s qualitative and engineering representation). 02 hours PRECIPITATION Definition, forms and Types of precipitation, Measurement of rainfall using Symon’s and Syphon type of rain gauges, Optimum number of rain gauge stations, Consistency of rainfall data (double mass curve method), Computation of mean rainfall (arithmetic average, Thiessen’s polygon and isohyetal methods), Estimation of missing data (Arithmetic average, normal ratio and regression methods). Presentation of precipitation data (moving average curve, mass curve rainfall) hyetographs, intensity – duration- frequency curves). 07 hours Unit-II LOSSES FROM PRECIPITATION Introduction, Evaporation: Definition. Process, factors affecting, measurement using IS Class A Pan, Estimation using Empherical formulae, Infiltration; Definition. Factors affecting Infiltration capacity, measurement (double ring infiltrometer), Horton’s infiltration equation, Infiltration indices 07 hours Unit-III RUNOFF Definition, concept of catchment, water budget equation, Components, Factors affecting, Rainfallrunoff relationship using symbol regression analysis. 03 hours HYDROGRAPHS Definition, Components of Hydrograph, Unit hydrograph and its derivation from simple storm hydrographs, Base flow separation, S – curve and its uses. 04 hours
55
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Unit – IV GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY AND WELL HYDRAULICS Scope and importance of ground water hydrology, Aquifer parameters, Steady radial flow into wells in unconfined and confined aquifers, Types of wells, Methods of construction. 06 hours
PART B Unit – V STREAM FLOW MEASUREMENT Introduction, Measurement of stage, Measurement of discharge by Area – Velocity method and slope -area methods, Simple stage discharge relation. 06 hours Unit – VI RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION Introduction, Process of erosion, Factors affecting erosion, Sediment yield, Reservoir Sediment Control, Determination of Sediment yield at a reservoir site (Using simple recorder). 06 hours Unit – VII WATER RESOURCES Introduction, Water wealth, River basins and their potential importance of water resources projects in the country, Water resource development in karnataka. 06 hours Unit – VIII RAINWATER HARVESTING Introduction, Small scale and Small tank harvesting, Urban rainwater harvesting, Methods of ground water recharge. 05 hours TEXT BOOKS 1. Subramanya K., ‘Engineering Hydrology’, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2. Jayarami Reddy, ‘A Text book of Hydrology’, Lakshmi Publications, New Delhi. 3. H. M. Raghunath, ‘Hydrology’, Wiley Eastern Publication, New Delhi. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Ven Te Chow, ‘Hand Book of Hydrology’, 2. R. K. Sharma and Sharma, ‘Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering’, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi. 3. Garg S.K., ‘Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering’, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. 4. Linsley, Kohler and Paulhus, ‘Applied Hydrology’, Wiley Eastern Publication, New Delhi. 5. Todd, ‘Ground Water Hydrology’, Wiley Eastern Publication, New Delhi. 56
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN Subject Name: Hydrology & Water Resource Engg., Subject Code: 06CV55 Period No 1
2 3 4
Hours / Week: 05 Total Hours: 62
Topics to be covered 1.INTRODUCTION PRECIPITATION Definition of hydrology, importance of hydrology, global water availability indices water availability Practical applications of hydrology, Hydrology cycle (Horton’s) qualitative and engineering representation 2. PRECIPITATION Definition, forms and Types of precipitation, Measurement of rainfall using Symon’s and Syphon type of rain gauges,
10
Optimum number of rain gauge stations, Consistency of rainfall data (double mass curve method Computation of mean rainfall (arithmetic average, Thiessen’s polygon and isohyetal methods), Computation of mean rainfall (arithmetic average, Thiessen’s polygon and isohyetal methods), Continued Estimation of missing data (Arithmetic average, normal ratio and regression methods Estimation of missing data (Arithmetic average, normal ratio and regression methods Presentation of precipitation data (moving average curve, mass curve rainfall)
11
Hyetographs, intensity – duration- frequency curves).
12 13
3.LOSSES FROM PRECIPITATION Introduction, Evaporation: Definition. Process, Factors affecting, measurement using IS Class A Pan,
14
Estimation using Empherical formulae
15
Infiltration; Definition. Factors affecting Infiltration capacity,
16
Measurement (double ring infiltrometer),
17
Horton’s infiltration equation
18
Infiltration indices
19
Infiltration indices
20 21
4. RUNOFF Definition, concept of catchment, Water budget equation, Componens
22
Factors affecting,.
5 6 7 8 9
57
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Period No 23
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered Rainfall-runoff relationship using symbol rogation analysis
24 25
5.HYDROGRAPHS Definition, Components of Hydrograph Unit hydrograph and its derivation from simple storm hydrographs,
26
Unit hydrograph and its derivation from simple storm hydrographs, continued
27
Base flow separation, S – curve and its uses.
28 29
6.GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY AND WELL HYDRAULICS Scope and importance of ground water hydrology Aquifer parameters
30
Steady radial flow into wells in unconfined and confined aquifers
31
Types of wells
32
Methods of construction.
33
Methods of construction.
34
35
Part B 7. STREAM FLOW MEASUREMENT Introduction, Measurement of stage Measurement of discharge by Area – Velocity method
36
Measurement of discharge by other methods
37
Simple stage discharge relation
38
Simple stage discharge relation Continued
39 40
8. RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION Introduction, Process of erosion Factors affecting erosion
41
Factors affecting erosion CONTINUED
42
Sediment transport,
43
Sediment yield
44
Reservoir Sediment Control
45
Determination of Sediment yield at a reservoir site (Using simple recorder).
46
Determination of Sediment yield at a reservoir site (Using simple recorder). Continued
58
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Period No 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered 9. WATER RESOURCES Introduction, Water wealth River basins and their potential importance of water resources projects in the country River basins and their potential importance of water resources projects in the country River basins and their potential importance of water resources projects in the country River basins and their potential importance of water resources projects in the country River basins and their potential importance of water resources projects in the country Water resource development in karnataka
55
10. RAINWATER HARVESTING Introduction, Small scale and Small tank harvesting
56
Urban rainwater harvesting
57
Urban rainwater harvesting
58
Methods of ground water recharge.
59
Methods of ground water recharge.
60
Revision-1
61
Revision-2
62
Revision-3
59
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK STANDARD QUESTIONS IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 1.Define hydrology? And Explain the Importance of hydrology in Water resources planning Or Define Hydrology and discuss its importance (July/August-2003) 2. Define Hydrologic cycle and Explain its various processes or Phases. (July/August-2003) 3.What is the Basic data required for hydrological studies. Name the agencies from which the data can be obtained. 4.Explain the Scope of Hydrology? (July/August-2003) 5.Discuss briefly the water resources of India? 6. Write a note on Global water distribution? 7. Explain the various forms of precipitation? (July/August-2003) 8. Explain Difference between frontal and non-frontal precipitations. 9.With a neat sketch explain the working of a neat recording type of Rain gauge 10.What are recording gauges? Give their reactive merits and demerits over the non-recording gauge. (July/August-2003) 11.What is meant by average rainfall over a catchment? Discuss in Detail the a. Arithmetic average method b. Thiessen’s polygon method c. Isohyetal method also their merits and demerits 12.Write Short Notes On a. Depth area duration curve (DAD curve) (July/August-2003) b. Double mass curve c. Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) d. Arid, Semiarid and humid regions e. Rain gauge density f. Hyetograph
60
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
13.Problems (a) Average annual precipitation for the basin as a whole: The average annual precipitation for the four sub basins constituting a large river basin is289, 334, 442 and 307 c.m.s.The areas are 360, 275, 420 and 650 Km2 Respectively. What is the average annual precipitation for the basin as a whole? When calculated by the arithmetic Average method and the Thiessen's Polygon method. (b) Estimating the missing data of the record: The mean annual rainfall at four adjacent stations in a basin IS A=23.8cm. G=18,63 cm., H=28.45cm. I=38,75cms., During a major storm. The rain gauge at station A was lost. The other stations reported storm rainfall as follows G=12.8 cms, H=3.5cms, I=4.82cms. Estimate the missing record at station A. 14. Explain the various water losses 15. Define infiltration, Explain the various Factors affecting Infiltration 16. What are the methods available to measure infiltration? 17. With neat sketches explain the measurement of infiltration using a. Double ring Infiltrometer (July/August-2003) b. Tube Infiltrometer 18. Define the terms a. Infiltration Index b. Øindex (July/August-2003) c. Windex (July/August-2003) c. Wmin – index 19. Define evaporation. Discuss the factors affecting evaporation 20. Write a note on methods of estimating lake evaporation a. Storage equation or water budget method b. Energy budget method c. Mass transfer method 21. What are the methods that can be used for reducing Evaporation from water Surface? 22. Define transpiration Explain the various factors affecting transportation. 23. Define transportation ratio Explain the method for measuring the transpiration? 24 Define Evapotranspiration. Explain a method of determining the Evapotranspiration (or Consumptive use or total evaporation)
61
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
25.Give an account of the following methods used to Estimate Evapotranspiration a. Penman method b. Blaney – Criddle method c. Thornthwaite method 26. Write a note on method of reducing the evapotranpiration 27.Determination of evaporation in Hectare-meters: The pan coefficient for a class A pan located near a reservoir of0.72. A total Of 1.5 cms. Of rainfall during a given day. Determine the depth of evaporation from the lake during the same day if 0.8Cms. Of water had to be added to the Pan at the end of the day in order to restore the original value at the beginning of the day. If the average width and length of the lake are 2.0 k.m. And 6.0 k.m Find the evaporation in Hectare-meters. 28 Estimate the mean daily evaporation losses from the Season: The engineer is faced with the problem of dispatching and releasing water stored in mountain reservoir to a down stream point for a water user. He must release more water from storage than will actually arrive at the down stream diversion point. The losses as associated with the evaporation from the stream surface. The centre line of the distance from the stream 77.52 k.m.s.between reservoir and the diversion point. The average width of the stream for the anticipated discharge is 33.55 meters. The mean daily class A Tank evaporation for this season is 0.457 c .m. given evaporation pan coefficient=0.7. Estimate the mean daily evaporation loss from the season. . 29.An Infiltration test was conducted by using an Infiltrometer having an inner diameter of 35 Cms. The following results were recorded
Time starting Test (min) Vol. Of Added since Start
0
5
10
30
60
120
180
240
300
360
0
46
90
246
435
662
842
1000
1154
1300
Determine the infiltration capacity rate for the time interval in the test. 30. The average rainfall over a 50 Hectare water shed for a particular Storm was determined to be Hour
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Rainfall 0.0 0.5 1.0 4.0 2.5 1.5 0.5 0.0 (Cms) The volume of surface run off from the storm is a Hectare meter. What is the Value of φ index? 62
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
31The rain occurred over a basin is given in figure. If the surface runoff from the basin is 33 m.m. calculate the φ Index. 25 Intensity (m.m./hr
18 12 7
10 5
1
2 3 4 Time (Hours)
6
7
32Find the net gain or loss of evaporation in Hectare-meters: A mean draft (with drawal) 1.64x108 m3/day. Is to be developed from a reservoir Is 500 k.m.2 and the mean area of the reservoir is 166 hectares. The annual is 90 cms. Mean annual run off is 25 cms. And the mean annual evaporation is 100c.m.s. Find the net gain or loss of Evaporated in Hectare-meters. 33Estimation of Peak consumptive use and Seasonal consumptive use: The following are the data for the first crop of rice in the Cauvery Delta at Thanjavur, South India. Month June July August September October
Mean temperature toc 31.0 30.8 30.0 29.5 28.1
Sunshine hours %P 8.6 8.82 8.75 8.26 8.33
Consumptive use Coefficient K 1.15 1.30 1.25 1.10 0.90
Determine: 1. Peak consumptive use 2. Seasonal consumptive use. 34 Define Run-off? What are the Factors affecting run off 35 Describe the Phases of run off and explain Classification Of streams 36 What are the Methods of estimating run off from a catchment? 37 Describe the infiltration method and the Rational method for working out the Runoff from a drainage area. 63
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
38What is a flow – Duration curve (Discharge frequency curve)? 39 Explain the Various causes of a flood and various factors affecting a flood 40.Describe the Methods of determining floods and Explain briefly flood marks and local enquiry 41.What is the difference between the basic stages (Partial Duration series) Method and the annual method (annual series) In flood frequency studies? 42. Any three empirical formulas developed in India Clearly indicating the units of various terms involved and the values of coefficient used if any? 43. What is meant by enveloping curve method of flood estimation? 44.Explain different methods of determining peak of Discharge using probability theory 45.Describe the following methods of estimating peak Flood discharge. (a) Statistical method (b) Unit hydrograph method Mention their merits and demerits 46. The following table shows the observed annual rainfall and the corresponding annual yield for a small Catchment develop the rainfall-run-off correlation equation for theirCatchment and find the correlation Coefficient. What yield Can be expected for an annual rainfall of 100cms. Year 1964 65 66 Annual Rainfall 90.5 110.0 38.7 (Cms)
67
129.5 145.5 99.8
147.6 50.9
Yield R 30.1 (Cms)
61.5
64.7
50.2
5.3
68
34.8
69
39.9
70
71
6.5
72
73
74
75
120.2 90.3
65.2
75.9
46.1
24.6
20.0
36.2
47. The mean monthly rainfall and temperature of a catchment near Bangalore is given below. Estimate the annual run-off and the Annual run-off coefficient using Khosla's formula. 48. Define Hydrograph? And explain the Components of Flood hydrograph (July/August-2003) 49. Describe the Various factors affecting the shape of the Flood hydrograph explain? 50. Define unit hydrograph, what are the assumptions made in deriving the unit Hydrograph and what are the Practical problems.
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
51. How would you derive a unit hydrograph from a flood hydrograph? 52. Describe with the help of a neat sketch any three methods of Base flow Separation from the run off hydrograph indicating the Situation under which you advocate them. 53. Problems Unit hydrographs of different durations (without S curve) (a) Plotting unit hydrograph of seven hours duration The ordinates of a hydrograph of surface resulting from 3.4 Cms. Of excess of rainfall of 7 hours duration over a catchment are given in the table below Time (Hours) 0 5 13 21 28 32 35 41 45 55 67 91 98 115 138
Discharge m3/sec. 0 39.62 20.8 396.2 405.25 817.87 115.14 1434.81 1511.22 1417.83 1188.60 643.82 28.72 287.24 0
Determine and plot seven hours Unit Hydrograph 54 Plotting 3 hours flood hydrograph from a 3 hours unit hydrograph Following are the ordinates of a 3 Hours Unit Hydrograph. Derive and plot the 3 Hours Flood Hydrograph due to Excess rainfall of 4.5 cms.
Time Hours 3-Hrs.UHG m3/sec
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
0
1.5
4.5
8.6
12
9.4
4.6
2.3
0.8
65
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
55. Determination of volume of surface runoff The following ordinates are of 3 Hours U.H.G. Find the volume of Surface run-off from 1.5 cms. Effective rainfall of 3 hours Duration
Time U.H.G Ordinates (Cumecs
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
0
5.1
21.6
27.0
23.5
17.0
10.7
6.2
3.2
1.0
0
56. Estimation of peak flow and the time of its occurrence In a typical 2 Hours Storm producing 50 m.m. of runoff from a basin The flows in the stream are as follows.
Time (Hours) Flow (m3/sec) F.H.G.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
O 1.22 4.05 1.75 5.67 4.5 3.37 2.30 1.35 0.50
20
0
Estimate as accurately as possible the peak flow and the time of its Occurrence in a flood created by a 4 hours storm, which produces25 m.m. of runoff during the first 2 hours and 37.5 m.m. of runoff during the second 2 hours 57.Derivation of unit hydrograph assuming a constant base flow Given below are the observed flows from a storm of 3 hours Duration on a stream with a drainage area of 300 K.m2.Derive the 3 Hours U.H.G. Assume a constant base flow of 18m3/sec HOURS 3 A.M 6 A.M 9 A.M NOON 3 P.M 6 P.M. 9 P.M. MIDNIGHT
DAY-1 18 18 180 280 240 200 102 165
(DISCHARGE m3/sec) DAY-2 DAY-3 150 50 140 48 100 40 85 30 75 26 70 22 60 20 55 18 66
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
58.
With a neat sketch, explain the classification of subsurface water
59.
With neat sketch explain the different types of aquifers.
60. Darcy’s law 61.Derive the thiem’s equilibrium equations for the discharge from a well in a) An unconfined aquifer b) A confined aquifer. 62. Calculate the actual velocity of the Aquifer. At station A, the water table elevation is 642meter above the mean Sea level and at B, the elevation is 629 meter. The stations are 1100 Meters apart; the aquifer has a permeability of 1.5 (x 106) meter/sec. And has a porosity of 24 percent. What is the actual velocity in the aquifer? 63. Calculate the Coefficient of Permeability of the Aquifer. In a field test, a time of 6 hours was required for traces to travel two observation wells 42 meters apart. If the differences in water Table elevation in these wells were 0.85 m. and the porosity of the aquifer is 20%. Calculate the coefficient of permeability of the aquifer. 64.Calculate the discharge from a fully penetrated tube well with the following given data. Tube diameter =30cms. Aquifer thickness= 30 meters Draw down =3 meters Coefficient of permeability= 50 meters/ day Radius of influence = 250 meters. What shall be the discharge if the tube diameter is reduce by half. 65. Find the Coefficient of transmissibility of the Aquifer. A 35-cm. Diameter well penetrates 30 meters below the static water table after 24 hours of pumping at 5400 liters/ minute. The water Level in the test well located at 95 meters from the well is lowered by0.62 meter and in a well 35 meters away the draw down is 1.24 meter. Find the coefficient of transmissibility of the aquifer. 66.
Determine the Specific capacity of the well
A 20-cm. Diameter well penetrated 30 meter below the static water level after a long period of pumping at a rate of 1800lpm. The Draw down in the observation wells at 12m. And 36m. From the Pumped wells are 1,2m. And 0.5 m. respectively. Determine, 1.The transmissibility of the aquifer 2.The draw down in the pumped well assuming the radius Of influence r∞ =300m. 3.The specific capacity of the well.
67
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
67. Write Short notes on: a. Rain water harvesting (July/August-2003) b. Water Reuse c. Ground water Recharge. 68. Describe the Planning of water resources development 69.What are the Statement of Objectives of Water resources planning? 70. What are the Steps involved in planning of project analysis 71. Write short note on Optimization-Capital budgeting. 72. Define the term: 1.Permeability 2.Transmissibility 3.Aquifer 4.Specific yield 73.Derive an expression to determine the discharge for a well in an unconfined aquifer. Mention the assumptions made. 74.Explain the following: 1. Rain gauge density 2. Hyetograph 3. Interception loss 4. Horton's Equation 5. Effect of humidity on Evaporation 6. Time of concentration 7. Well yield 8. Catchment area 9. Return period 10. Specific retention 75.Distinguish between: 1. Cyclones and Anticyclones 2. Infiltration capacity and Infiltration rate 3. Actual and potential Evapotranpiration 4. Virgin flow and Base flow 5. Flow duration curves and Flow Mass curve 6. Hydrograph and Hyetograph 7. Aquifer and Aquitard 8. Confined and Unconfined aquifer 9. Coefficient of Permeability and Coefficient of Transmissibility 10. Index and W- index 68
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
76.Write Shirt notes on: 1. Residual mass curve 2. Global water budget 3. Hydrological abstractions 4. Index 77.Define the terms: 1.Permeability (July/August-2003) 2.Transmissibility (July/August-2003) 3.Aquifer (July/August-2003) 4.Specific yield (July/August-2003) 78. Derive an expression to determine the discharge for a well in an unconfined aquifer. Mention the assumptions made. 79. Explain in detail the water resources of Karnataka. 80. What are open wells? Explain with a neat sketch constant level-pumping test (July/August2003)
69
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
70
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
71
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
72
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
73
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
74
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
75
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CV56 – TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING – I
76
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code: 06CV56 Hours / Week: 5 Total Hrs: 62
I A Marks: 25 Exam Hours: 3 Exam Marks: 100
1. Principles of Transportation Engineering: Importance of Transportation, Different modes of transportation, characteristics and comparison of different modes. Jayakar committee recommendations and implementation. 03 hrs 2. Highway Development & Planning: Road types and classification, road patterns. Planning surveys, Master plan – saturation system of road planning, phasing road development programme Road Development in India, 1st, 2nd & 3rd 20-year road development plan and problems only on 3rd 20-year road plan. Present scenario of road development in India (NHDP & PMGSY) and in Karnataka (KSHIP & KRDCL) – problems on best alignment among alternate proposals and phasing, Road Development Plan Vision 2021. 06 hrs 3. Highway Alignment and Surveys: ideal alignment, factors affecting alignment, engineering surveys for new and realignment projects 04 hrs Highway Geometric Design 1: Importance, Factors controlling the design of geometric elements, highway cross section elements – pavement surface characteristics, camber, width of carriageway, shoulder width, formation width, right of way, typical cross section of roads. 04 hrs 4. Highway Geometric Design 2: Sight distance, Types and importance – Design of horizontal and vertical alignment – Numerical problems on above (No derivation of formulae) 06 hrs PART B 5. Pavement Materials: Properties and requirements of subgrade soils, HRB and IS soil classification. Determination of CBR and Modulus of subgrade reaction of soil. Properties and requirements of road aggregates, Bitumen – Tar – Emulsion – Cutback, Just mention the types of tests on aggregates, bitumen and cut back for evaluating the required properties. Numerical problems on above. 06 hrs 6. Pavement Design: Types of pavements – Design factors, Determination of ESWL by equal stress criteria and problems. IRC method of flexible pavement design based on CSA method using IRRC: 37 – 2001. Stresses in rigid pavement and design of rigid pavement as per IRC: 58 – 2002 excluding design of joints. 05 hrs 7. Pavement Construction: Specifications, construction steps and quality control tests for earthwork in cutting, filling and preparation of subgrade, Granular sub base course, Granular base / sub-base courses such as WBM, WMM, CRM, bituminous binder course (BM and DBM), common types of bituminous surfacing courses such as surface dressing, premixed carpet (PMC) and bituminous concrete and Rigid pavement (DLC and PQC). 05 hrs 77
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Highway Drainage System: Surface and Sub-subsurface drainage system for road pavements, types, functions and basic design principles. 04 hrs 8. Highway Economics and Financing: Highway user benefits – VOC using charts only – Highway costs – Economic analysis by annual cost method and benefit cost ratio method, NPV and IRR methods. Numerical problems on above. Highway financing – BOT, BOOT and Annuity concepts. 05 hrs Pavement Maintenance: Pavement failures, Types, Causes and remedies. Maintenance of highways. Principles of pavement evaluation – functional and structural evaluation. 04 hrs Text Book: 1. Khanna S.K. and Justo C E G – “Highway Engineering” - Namechand and Bros -Roorkee (2003). 2. Kadiyali L.R. – “Highway Engineering” - Khanna Publishers - New Delhi. 3. “Transportation Engineering-I” - K.P. Subramanyam , Scitech Publications, Chennai. Reference Books: 1. Relevant IRC codes 2. “Principles of Transportation Engineering” - Partha Chakra Borthy 3. MoRT&H, “Specifications for Roads and Bridges”, IRC, New Delhi (2001).
78
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN Subject Name: Transportation Engineering Subject Code: 06CV56 Hour. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
Hours / Week: 05 Total Hours: 62
Topics to be covered Principles of Transportation Engineering: Importance of Transportation Different modes of transportation Characteristics and comparison of different modes. Jayakar committee recommendations and implementation Highway Development & Planning: Road types and classification. Road patterns, Planning surveys Master plan – saturation system of road planning, Phasing road development programme Road Development in India, 1st, 2nd & 3rd 20-year road development plan and. Problems only on 3rd 20-year road plan Present scenario of road development in India (NHDP & PMGSY) and in Karnataka (KSHIP & KRDCL) Problems on best alignment among alternate proposals and phasing, Road Development Plan Vision 2021 Highway Alignment and Surveys: ideal alignment Factors affecting alignment, Engineering surveys for new project Realignment project Highway Geometric Design 1: Importance Factors controlling the design of geometric elements Highway cross section elements – pavement surface characteristics Camber, width of carriageway, shoulder width Formation width Right of way Typical cross section of roads Highway Geometric Design 2: Sight distance Types and importance – Design of horizontal and vertical alignment Types and importance – Design of horizontal and vertical alignment Types and importance – Design of horizontal and vertical alignment Types and importance – Design of horizontal and vertical alignment Types and importance – Design of horizontal and vertical alignment Numerical problems on above (No derivation of formulae) Numerical problems on above (No derivation of formulae) Pavement Materials: Properties and requirements of subgrade soils HRB and IS soil classification. Determination of CBR and Modulus of subgrade reaction of soil. Determination of CBR and Modulus of subgrade reaction of soil 79
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Hour. No
Topics to be covered
36.
Properties and requirements of road aggregates, Bitumen – Tar – Emulsion – Cutback Types of tests on aggregates, bitumen and cut back for evaluating the required properties. Numerical problems on above Stresses in rigid pavement Design of rigid pavement as per IRC: 58 – 2002 excluding design of join Pavement Construction: Specifications Construction steps and quality control tests for earthwork in cutting, filling Preparation of subgrade Granular sub base course, Granular base Sub-base courses such as WBM, WMM, CRM, Bituminous binder course (BM and DBM) Common types of bituminous surfacing courses such as surface dressing Premixed carpet (PMC) Bituminous concrete and Rigid pavement (DLC and PQC) Highway Drainage System: Surface and Sub-subsurface drainage system for road pavements Types of Highway Drainage system Functions of Highway Drainages system Basic design principles Highway Economics and Financing: Highway user benefits – VOC using charts only Highway costs – Economic analysis by annual cost method Benefit cost ratio method NPV and IRR methods. Numerical problems on above. Highway financing – BOT, BOOT and Annuity concepts Pavement Maintenance: Pavement failures Types, Causes and remedies. Maintenance of highways Principles of pavement evaluation – functional and structural evaluation.
37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.
80
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
What are different modes of Transportation? List the advantages and limitations of each mode. What are the factors that bring about Co ordination in transportation? Mention the significance and limitation of coordination in transportation system. Outline and discuss the scope of highway engineering. Explain the different technological characteristics applied to different transportation modes. Explain the meaning of operational controls of transportation system. While classifying the different modes of transportation system mention the characteristics of road transportation? What is the meaning of co ordination among different transportation system? What is its limitation? What are the main features of Macadam’s construction technique? State and explain the principle of saturation system for determining the optimum road length for highway planning. Write a note on (i) Central Road Fund (ii) Indian Roads Congress (iii) Master plan What are the main features of Ist 20 year Road development plan? Compare it with the second 20-year plan. What is master plan? How it can be prepared. Explain step-by-step procedure. What are the recommendations of the Jayakar Committee and how were they implemented. Briefly explain the road pattern commonly in use. Explain with sketches. Explain briefly the various benefits to the road user due to highway improvement. List the factors to be considered for evaluating the motor vehicle operation cost. Mention the significance of each. Explain briefly various factors affecting the vehicle operation cost. Differentiate between salvage value and scrap value giving suitable numerical examples. Briefly explain the method of economic analysis by Annual Cost and Benefit cost method. Write a note on Highway Finance in India. What are the general principles of realignment of highway? Explain the requirements of an ideal alignment of a new highway? Explain briefly the engineering surveying needed for location of new highway? Explain the circumstances under which realignment is required. Explain briefly the various factors, which control the highway alignment? List the drawing to be prepared in new highway project. In drawing up Geometric Design standards for a country, what are the considerations to be kept in view? Why geometric design is important? What are the objects of geometric design? Describe the classification system of urban streets and rural streets in India. Define the various classes.
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MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
31 32
33 34
35 36
37
38
39 40 41 42
43 44 45
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Describe the basis for terrain classification for geometric design. Define the design speed in geometric design? What permissible speed is usually taken as Design speed? What are the suggested Design speeds in India for urban and rural conditions? What is the distinction between ruling and minimum design speeds and where they are adopted? What are the design control elements and criteria for design? (Design speed, Topography, traffic factors, Design hourly volume and capacity, Environmental and other factors) Sight Distance Horizontal Curve Develop the equation for determining the braking distance of a vehicle in terms of initial speed and coefficient of friction. Derive the formula for stopping sight distance in terms of speed, perception and break reaction time, coefficient of friction and gradient of road. Calculate the safe stopping distance on a National Highway in plain terrain on a downward gradient of 3%. Make your own assumptions. [Hint: Assumptions (i) V = 100, (ii) I = 2.5s (iii) f = 0.35, Stopping distance = 173.1m]. Derive the following equations used for design of horizontal curves in India: R = 0.0357 V2 (for plain and rolling terrain) R =0.0315 V2 (for hill roads snow bound) R = 0.0357 V2 (for hill roads not snow bound) 2 Derive the following equations used for design of horizontal curves in India: e = V 225 R What are the maximum values of super – elevation recommended in India for Plain and rolling terrain Hilly areas which are snowbound Hilly areas which are not snowbound What are the general controls to be kept in view in designing the horizontal alignment of a road? What are the standards for gradient in India? Explain where (i) ruling (ii) limiting and (iii) exceptional gradients are used? What is grade compensation of curves? Derive the formulae for determining the length of a summit curve (i) when the design distance is less than the length of the curve and (ii) when the sight distance is greater than the length of the curve. Modify the formulae when overtaking sight distances are involved. Derive the formula for determining the length of a sag curve for fulfilling rider comfort criterion. What are the general controls to be kept in mind in designing the vertical profile of a road? What are the general controls to be kept in mind in designing a combination of vertical and horizontal alignment?
82
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Problems: 01
02 03
04 05
06
07 08 09
10
11
12
Determine the capacity of single lane (uni directional) pavement on a rural highway in India for a design speed of 80 KMPH from theoretical considerations. The average length of mixed vehicles of all types is 7 meters. The coefficient of friction is 0.5. Assume a value of perception-brake reaction time recommend by IRC. A truck traveling at 50 KPH on a wet bituminous surface (coefficient of friction 0.3) is suddenly brought to rest by braking. Calculate the distance traveled in coming to halt. A vehicle moving at 60KPH on a bituminous dry surface is suddenly brought to rest by braking. The coefficient of friction can be assumed to be 0.5. Calculate the distance over which the vehicle comes to a stop. A horizontal curve is to be designed for a National Highways on plain terrain. Calculate the ruling minimum and absolute minimum radii. Make suitable assumptions Calculate the super elevation to be provided for a horizontal curve with a radius of 400m for a design speed of 100kmph. On plain terrain. Comment on the results. What is the coefficient of lateral friction mobilised if super – elevation is restricted to 0.07. Calculate the safe driving speed on a curve with radius 200m. The super-elevation being 0.07. Is the curve meeting the standard of Major District Roads in plain terrain? If the pavement width is 7m, how much should the pavement edges be raised or depressed about the crown if the super elevation is provided by rotating about the centerline? A horizontal curve on a National Highway in plain terrain on a bituminous road (high type) has a radius of 3000m. What should be the super-elevation? A two-lane (7.0m wide) pavement on a National Highway has a curve of radius 400m. Determine the length of transition curve making suitable assumptions. A two-lane pavement (7.0m) on a National Highway in hilly terrain (snow bound) has a curve of radius 60m. The design speed is 40kmph. Determine the length of the transition curve. Determine the total length of the curve and tangent length if the deflection angle is 60°. Make suitable assumptions. Calculate the extra widening necessary on a two-lane pavement for a radius of curve of 100m. Assume the wheelbase of design vehicle to be 6m. Assume the design speed of 65 kmph. Design a horizontal curve for a National Highway in rolling terrain. Calculate the ruling minimum and absolute minimum radii. Make suitable assumptions. [Assumptions: Design speed = 80kmph (ruling) =65kmph (minimum), e = 0.07, µ = 0.15, Ruling radius=155m] Calculate the super – elevation to be provided for a horizontal curve of radius 50m for a design speed of 40kmph. On snow-bound hilly terrain. What is the maximum superelevation that can be provided and what will be the coefficient of friction then? Is design safe? If it is not safe, what remedy do you suggest? [Ans e = 0.14, restricted to 0.07 µ=0.18, which is greater than 0.01, hence safe. Remedy is to increase the radius or post a road sign restricting the speed]
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MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
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14
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THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Calculate the safe driving speed on a curve of radius 300m and having a super-elevation of 0.07. Assume suitable values of friction. Is the curve meeting the NH standard in plain terrain? If the pavement is 7m wide how much should the outer edge be raised if superelevation is provided by rotating about the inner edge? [Ans. Assume µ = 0.15,V=91.6; since minimum speed on NH is 80, curve is safe, Raise outer edge by 0.49m] A National Highway located in rolling terrain has a radius of 250m. Determine the length of the transition curve making suitable assumptions. (Assumptions V = 80, e = 0.07 max, rate of attainment of e = 1 in 150, rotation of super elevation about center) [Ans. 84.7m and 80.3m, adopt 84.7m] Calculate the extra width of a two-lane pavement for a National Highway in hilly terrain (steep) for a design speed of 40kmph and radius of curve of 50m. The vehicles using the road have a wheelbase of 7m. [ Ans. 1.55m] Calculate the length of a summit curve for a stopping sight distance of 180m on a National Highway at the junction of an upward gradient of 1%and downward gradient of 2%. Assume height of eye of driver to be 1.2m and height of object above the roadway to be 0.15m. Calculate the length of summit curve for a stopping sight distance of 180m on a National Highway at the junction of an upward gradient of 1 in 200 and a downward gradient of 1 in 200. Assume the height of the object above road way to be 0.15m Design a summit curve for a national highway for a stopping site distance of 100m at the junction of a rising gradient of 1-in 50 and a falling gradient of 1-in 30.Set out the curve with a chord 20m long determine the RL of the point immediately bellow the inter section point of the grade lines and also the RL of the highest point on the curve. Design a summit curve for a national highway at the inter section of two gradient + 2 percent and – 2.5 percent. Over taking of vehicle is to be catered to. Make suitable assumption. Design a valley curve at the junction of a downward gradient of 1 in 30 and a level stretch from head light consideration. The stopping site distance is 180m. Treading the curve as a square parabola, set out the curve. A sag curve is to be designed where two gradients meet. The gradients are – 2.0 % and +2.5%. The design speed is 100kmph. What is the length required (i) for stopping sight distance of 180m and (ii) for overtaking sight distance of 640m? What is the vertical distance between the Point of Vertical Intersection (PVI) and curve in either case? [Ans: length (i) 257.7m,say 260m (ii) 1493.9m, say 1500m Vertical Distance (i) 1.14m (ii) 6.56m] A sag curve is to be designed where two gradients meet. The gradients are – 2.0% and +2.5%. The design speed is 100kmph. Find the length of curve (i) for rider comfort and (ii) for headlight sight distance. The stopping sight distance is 180m [Ans (i) 80m (ii) 147m] Calculate the safe stopping distance while traveling at a speed of 80kmph.On an upward gradient of 2 percent. Make suitable assumptions. Calculate the over taking sight distance as per AASHO practice for a design speed of 100kmph, making suitable assumptions. Calculate as per IRC practice.
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MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
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THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
A six line divided carriage wave as a curve 1000m long and radius of 500m.The safe stopping sight distance is 200m. Calculate the minimum set back distance from the inner edge of the road to the edge of a building to ensure safe visibility. The payment width per lane is 3.5m. A single lane road 80km long is to be widened to two lanes at a cost of Rs 9.2 lakh per km, including all improvements. The cost of operation of vehicles on the single lane road is Rs 6.50 per vehicle – km, where as it was Rs 5.40 per vehicle – km and the improved facility. The average traffic maybe assumed to be 3500 vehicles per day over a design period of 20 years. The interest rate is 10% per annum. The cost of maintenance is Rs 6000 per km on the existing road and Rs 12000 per km on improved road. Check whether it is worth while or not for improvement by B-C-R method An existing road link of 21km connecting a tourist center has a bad alignment, inadequate width and poor surface condition. Proposal ‘X’ is to increase width and resurface pavement on the existing road. Two other alternatives Y and Z have been proposed along new alignment, their road lengths being 17.5 km and 16.7 km respectively. The present traffic is 500 passenger cars per day with negligible commercial vehicle. The traffic is expected to be doubled by the end of the 10-year period. The average speed of the vehicle on X is 45 kmph and that on alignment Y & Z is 60 kmph. Use charts for vehicle running cost and Time Cost per vehicle hour curve. The estimated details of cost and life for the three proposals are given below. Assume the rate of interest as 8% and annual maintenance cost as Rs 7000 per km, analyze the economics by (i) Annual cost method, (ii) Benefit cost ratio method Estimated Cost in thousand rupees Element useful life, Proposal X Proposal Y Proposal Z years Right of way 100 0 270 310 Grading 50 150 290 330 Structures 50 160 250 290 Pavement 10 310 1550 1450 There are two alternate proposals of operating concrete mixer. Find the best proposal by annual cost method Cost component Purchase cost rupee Service life, years Salvage value, Rupee Interest rate % Maintenance cost Rs/ year Fuel cost / hour, Rupee Ave. run/ day hours No. of days/ year in operation
85
New Mixer 25000 15 10000 10 1000 10 8 300
Old Mixture 10000 5 NIL 8 1500 15 6 200
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
29
30
31
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
52 53 54 55 56 57
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Find the vehicle operation cost for a passenger car for the following data: i. Distance – 30 km ii. Operating speed 25 kmph iii. Gradient – 6% iv. Pavement condition – Poor v. Time cost of vehicle – Rs 8 per vehicle how. vi. 10 stops with no standing delay. vii. No. of stops where speed reduced to 20kmph – 15 viii. Depreciation cost / km – 50 paise (use charts) It is proposed to float a loan of Rs 1.75 crores at 12.5% simple interest for the cost of a bridge. The maintenance charges including the cost of administration of toll is Rs 75000 per annum. The capital cost is to be recovered in 25 years. What rate of toll per tone of traffic should be levied if traffic is 12000 ton a day throughout the year? Calculate the cost per ton – km of operating a truck of the following particulars i. Cost of tank - Rs 9 lakhs ii. Salvage value Rs 2.5 lakh iii. Life of truck 10 years iv. Rate of compound interest 8% p.a. v. Repair Mention the classification of bridges. Explain the factors considered while selecting a site for a bridge. Write a neat sketch of a masonry arch bridge indicating the functions of each part. Write a note on various types of bridges. What are the substructures of a bridge? Mention the functions of each of them. Write short notes on: i. Arch culvert, ii. Pipe culverts, iii. Slab culverts iv. Scuppers Define a causeway and describe its parts. Differentiate between the following: i. Foundations, substructures and superstructures, ii. Abutment and pier, iii. Cutwater and ease water Write short note on: i. through bridges ii. Filled spandrel bridges iii. Arch bridges iv. Continuous bridges Discuss briefly the importance of highway maintenance. What are the general causes of pavement failures? What are the various types of failures in flexible pavement? Explain the causes. What are the various types of failures in rigid pavement? Explain the causes. Explain how the maintenance of the following pavements is carried out. i. Earth Roads, ii. Bituminous surfaces, iii. Cement concrete pavement Discuss the importance of Highway drainage. Specify the design approach for surface drainage system of a highway. What are the requirements of a good drainage system? What are the objects and scope of traffic engineering? Explain briefly. What is the significance of road user characteristics in traffic engineering? Discuss briefly the various factors, which affect the road user characteristics and their effects in road performance. What are the different vehicular characteristics, which affect the road design? Explain the term traffic volume. What are the objects of carrying out the traffic volume studies? Enumerate the different methods of carrying out traffic volume studies. Indicate the traffic volume studies. Explain traffic capacity, basic capacity, possible capacity and practical capacity. Write a short notes on PCU concept. What are the factors on which PCU values depend?
86
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
58
59
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
List the desirable properties of a road aggregate. Indicate the different laboratory tests that are carried out to assess these properties. Also give the appropriate IS or IRC values recommended. The CBR test carried out on a sub grade soil gave the following readings: Penetration mm Load kg
.00
.5
87
1.00
1.5
2.0
2.5
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
88
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
89
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
90
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
91
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
92
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
93
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
94
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CVL57 – HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY LABORATORY
95
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code: 06CVL57 Hours / Week: 3 Total Hrs: 42
I A Marks: 25 Exam Hours: 03 Exam Marks: 50
Ex 1: Calibration of V – Notch EX 2: Calibration of Rectangular or Trapezoidal Notch EX3: Calibration of Ogee Weir EX4: Calibration of Broad Crested Weir EX5: Calibration of Venturi Flume Ex6: Calibration of Venturi Meter Ex7: Determination of Darcy’s Friction Factor for a Straight Pipe EX8: Determination of Minor Loss Constants (Bend, Sudden Contraction, Sudden Expansion) EX9: Determination of Vane Coefficient For Flat And Hemispherical Vanes EX10: Determination of Hydraulic Coefficient of A Vertical Orifice Ex11: Performance Tests on A Single Stage Or Multi Stage Centrifugal Pump (Constant Speed) Ex12: Performance Tests on A Pelton Wheel EX13: Performance Tests on Francis Or Kaplan Turbine Ex14: Demonstration of Working of Rain Gauges Scheme of Examination: Any one of the above exercises is to be conducted in the examination by the student.
96
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CVL58 – COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN LAB
97
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code: 06CVL58 Hours / Week: 3 Total Hrs: 42
1.1a
1.1b 1.2.i)
I A Marks: 25 Exam Hours: 03 Exam Marks: 50
Basic AutoCAD Drawing Tools: Lines, Circle, Arc, Polyline, Multiline, Polygon, Rectangle, Spline, Ellipse, Modifying Tools: Erase, Copy, Mirror, Offset, Array, Move, Rotate, Scale, Stretch, Lengthen, Trim, Extend, Break, Chamfer and Fillet Basic AutoCAD Text: Single line, Multi line, Spelling, Edit text, Special Features: View tools, Layers concept, Dimension tools, Hatching, Customizing tool bars, Working with multiple drawings. To draw cross section of Foundation – masonry wall, RCC columns (isolated) using AutoCAD.
1.2.ii)
To draw Different types of Staircases using AutoCAD.
1.2.iii)
To draw Lintel and chajja using AutoCAD.
1.2.iv)
To draw RCC Slabs and Beams using AutoCAD.
To draw Building Plan, Elevation and sectional Elevation of Single Storied Residential Building using AutoCAD. To draw Building Plan, Elevation and sectional Elevation of Single Storied 1.2.vb) Residential Building using AutoCAD. To draw Building Plan, Elevation and sectional Elevation of Single Storied 1.2.vc) Public Building using AutoCAD. Analysis of Propped Cantilever Beams & Fixed Beams with software 2.i), ii) package Analysis of continuous beam with software package & Analysis of rigid joint 2.iii), iv) frame with software-package. To determine SFD and BMD of Cantilever and Simply supported beam by 3.i) using spread sheet Design of Singly Reinforced and Doubly Reinforced Concrete beam by 3.ii) spread sheet 3.iii), Computation of earth work using trapezoidal rule, Design of horizontal iv), v) Curve by offset method & Design of super elevation 1.2.va)
98
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CV61 – ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – I
99
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV61
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100 PART – A Unit I
INTRODUCTION: Human activities and environmental pollution. Requirement of Water for various beneficial uses. Need for protected water supply. 02 hrs DEMAND OF WATER; Types of water demands- domestic demand in detail, institutional and commercial, public uses, fire demand. Per capita consumption –factors affecting per capita demand, population forecasting, different methods with merits &demerits- variations in demand of water. Fire demand – estimation by Kuichling’s formula, Freeman formula & national board of fire underwriters formula, peak factors, design periods & factors governing the design periods 06hrs Unit II SOURCES: Surface and subsurface sources – suitability with regard to quality and quantity.
03 hrs
COLLECTION AND CONVEYANCE OF WATER: Intake structures – different types of intakes; factor of selection and location of intakes. Pumps- Necessity, types – power of pumps; factors for the selection of a pump. Pipes – Design of the economical diameter for the rising main; Nomograms – use; Pipe appurtenances.
06 hrs
Unit III QUALITY OF WATER; Objectives of water quality management. Concept of safe water, wholesomeness & palatability, water born diseases. Examination of Water :- Objectives – Physical chemical and Microbiological Examinations, (IS: 3025 and IS: 1622) using analytical and instrumental techniques. Drinking water standards BIS & WHO guidelines. Health significance of Fluoride, Nitrates and heavy metals like Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic etc. Sampling of water for examination. 06 hrs Unit IV WATER TREATMENT: Objectives – Treatment flow-chart. Aeration- Principles, types of Aerators.
100
02 hrs MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SEDIMENTATION: Theory, settling tanks, types, design. Coagulant aided sedimentation, jar test, chemical feeding, flash mixing, and clari-flocculator. 04 hrs Part – B Unit V FILTRATION: Mechanism – theory of filtration, types of filters, slow sand, rapid sand and pressure filters including construction, operation, cleaning and their design – excluding under drainage system – back washing of filters. Operational problems in filters. 06 hrs Unit VI DISINFECTION : Theory of disinfection, types of disinfection, Chlorination, chlorine demand, residual chlorine, use of bleaching powder. UV irradiation treatment – treatment of swimming pool water 04 hrs SOFTENING – definition, methods of removal of hardness by lime soda process and zeolite process RO & Membrane technique. 03 hrs Unit VII MISCELLANEOUS TREATMENT: Removal of color, odor, taste, use of copper sulfate, adsorption technique, fluoridation and defluoridation. 04 hrs DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS System of supply, service reservoirs and their capacity determination, methods of layout of distribution systems. 04 hrs Unit VIII MISCELLANEOUS Pipe appurtenances, various valves, type of fire hydrants, pipefitting, Layout of water supply pipes in buildings. 02 hrs TEXT BOOKS; 1. Water supply Engineering –S.K.Garg, Khanna Publishers 2. Environmental Engineering I –BCPunima and Ashok Jain 3. Manual on Water supply and treatment –CPHEEO, Minstry of Urban 4. Development, New Delhi REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Water Technology – Hammer and Hammer. 2. Environmental Engineering- Howard S. Peavey, Donald R. Rowe, George 3. Tchnobanoglous, McGraw Hill International Edition . 101
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN Subject: Environmental Engineering – I
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Sub Code:06AL51 Period No.
Total Hrs: 62 Topics to be covered
INTRODUCTION: Human activities and environmental pollution. 1. Requirement of Water for various beneficial uses. Need for protected water supply 2. DEMAND OF WATER: 3. Types of water demands- domestic demand in detail, institutional and commercial Public uses, fire demand. Per capita consumption 4. Factors affecting per capita demand, 5. Population forecasting, different methods with merits &demerits- variations in 6. demand of water 7. Fire demand – estimation by Kuichling’s formula, Freeman formula & national board of fire underwriters formula, peak factors, design 8. periods & factors governing the design periods Freeman formula & national board of fire underwriters formula, peak factors, design 9. periods & factors governing the design periods 10. Factors governing the design periods SOURCES: 11. Surface and subsurface sources 12. Suitability with regard to quality and quantity 13. Suitability with regard to quality and quantity COLLECTION AND CONVEYANCE OF WATER: 14. Intake structures 15. Different types of intakes. 16. Factor of selection and location of intakes 17. Pumps- Necessity, types 18. Power of pumps, Factors for the selection of a pump 19. Pipes – Design of the economical diameter for the rising main; Nomograms – use; 20. Pipes – Design of the economical diameter for the rising main; Nomograms – use; 21. Pipes – Design of the economical diameter for the rising main; Nomograms – use; 22. Pipe appurtenances QUALITY OF WATER: 23. Objectives of water quality management. 24. Concept of safe water, wholesomeness & palatability, Water born diseases Examination of Water: - Objectives Physical chemical and Microbiological 25. Examinations
102
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Period No.
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered
Examination of Water: - Objectives Physical chemical and Microbiological Examinations 27. (IS: 3025 and IS: 1622) using analytical and instrumental techniques. 28. Drinking water standards BIS & WHO guidelines. Health significance of Fluoride, Nitrates and heavy metals like Mercury, Cadmium, 29. and Arsenic etc. Sampling of water for examination WATER TREATMENT: 30. Objectives – Treatment flow-chart. 31. Aeration- Principles, types of Aerators SEDIMENTATION: 32. Theory, settling tanks, types, 33. Design. Coagulant aided sedimentation, 34. Design. Coagulant aided sedimentation, 35. Design. Coagulant aided sedimentation, 36. Jar test, chemical feeding, 37. Flash mixing, and clari-flocculator FILTRATION: 38. Mechanism – theory of filtration, types of filters, 39. Slow sand, rapid sand and pressure filters including construction, 40. Operation, cleaning and their design – excluding under drainage system 41. Operation, cleaning and their design – excluding under drainage system 42. Operation, cleaning and their design – excluding under drainage system 43. Back washing of filters. 44. Operational problems in filters DISINFECTION: 45. Theory of disinfection, types of disinfection 46. Chlorination, chlorine demand, residual chlorine, 47. Use of bleaching powder. 48. UV irradiation treatment 49. Treatment of swimming pool water SOFTENING: 50. Definition, methods of removal of hardness by lime soda process and 51. Zeolite process RO 52. Membrane technique 26.
103
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Period No.
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered
MISCELLANEOUS TREATMENT: 53. Removal of color, odor, taste,. 54. Use of copper sulfate, 55. Adsorption technique, 56. Fluoridation and defluoridation DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: 57. System of supply, 58. Service reservoirs and their capacity determination, 59. Methods of layout of distribution systems 60. Methods of layout of distribution systems MISCELLANEOUS: 61. Pipe appurtenances, various valves, type of fire hydrants 62. Pipefitting, Layout of water supply pipes in buildings
104
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK UNIT-I 1.Define Environmental pollution. 2.Discuss Requirement of Water for various beneficial uses. 3.What are the Types of water demands? 4.Discuss about domestic, institutional and commercial water demand 5.Define Population forecasting, 6.Discuss about various methods of Population forecasting, with merits &demerits 7. Define Fire demand & Estimate it by Kuichling’s formula. 8.Define design periods. What are the Factors governing the design periods 9. The population statistics pertaining to a town are given below. Estimate the population expected in 1980 by Arithmetic and Geometric methods Year Population
1930 70000
1940 100000
1950 150000
1960 200000
1970 240000
UNIT II 1. What are the Surface and subsurface water sources? 2. What are the Different types of intakes structures? 3. Explain the factor governing the selection and location of intakes. 4. Define Nomograms and its use. 5. Define Pumps and its Necessity. 6. What are the types of pumps used in collection and conveyance of water? 7. Explain Pipe appurtenances. UNIT-III 1.Define Water born diseases and give Examples. 2.What are the common impurities found in natural sources of water and explain their effects upon its quality. 3.Explain the physical characteristics of water 4.Explain the Health significance of Fluoride 5.Explain the Health significance of Nitrates 6.Explain the Health significance of heavy metals like Mercury, Cadmium, and Arsenic 7.Write the Drinking water standards. UNIT-IV 1.Draw the Water Treatment flow-chart for a city 2 Write the short notes on water Aeration and sedimentation. 3.Explain the types of Aerators 4.What are the types of settling tanks used in water treatment plant? 5.State the theory of settling. 6.Draw the neat sketch of a sedimentation tank in which coagulant is used. 7.Compute the dimensions of continuous flow rectangular settling tank for a population of 200000 persons with a daily per capita water allowance of 120 lits. Assume detention period to be 6 hrs. 8.Explain the Jar test. 9.Explain the clari-flocculator 105
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
UNIT-V 1.Explain the theory of filtration 2.What are the types of filters? 3.Explain Rapid sand filter, slow sand filter and pressure filters 4.Distingsh between Rapid sand filter and slow sand filter 5.Explain the Back washing of filters 6 Explain the Operational problems involved in filters 7.Design of Rapid sand filter unit for 4 million liters per day of supply with all its principal components. UNIT-VI 1.What is meant by disinfection in treating public water supply? 2.Explain the theory of disinfection’s. 3.Discuss the chlorine as disinfecting agent. 4. Explain the treatment of swimming pool water with disinfecting agent 5. Explain the methods used to remove hardness 6.Differentiate between temporary and permanent hardness 7.Explain Zeolite process and RO 8 Explain Membrane techniques 9.Chlorine usage in the treatment of 20000 cubic meters per day is 8 kg/day. residual after 10 mins. Contact is 0.20 mg/l. Calculate the dosage in mgs/l and chlorine demand of the water. UNIT-VII 1.Discuss the various methods used to remove color, odor and taste 2.Write the short notes on fluoridation and defluoridation. 3.Explain the general methods of distribution of water employed in municipal water supply schemes. 4.State the functions of a service reservoir with neat sketch 5.Write short notes of Hardy Cross method. UNIT-VIII 1.Explain Pipe appurtenances 2 What are the types of fire hydrants? 3.What factors will you keep in mind while designing a plumbing system for water supply to a house? 4.Draw the neat sketch of water supply pipes in buildings
106
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
107
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
108
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CV62 – DESIGN & DRAWING OF RC STRUCTURES
109
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
DESIGN AND DRAWING OF RC STRUCTURES SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV62
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 2(T) + 3(D)
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 26(T) + 39(D)
Exam Marks: 100 PART – A
1. Layout Drawing: General layout of building showing, position of columns, footings, beams and slabs with notations and abbreviations. 2. Beam and Slab floor system, continuous beams. 3. Staircase: Dog legged and Open well. 4. Column footing: Column and footing (Square and Rectangle).
13(T) + 18(D),
.
PART – B 1. Rectangular Combined footing slab and beam type. 2. Retaining walls (Cantilever and counter fort type). 3. Circular and Rectangular water tanks resting on ground (Flexible base and Rigid base), using IS: 3370 (Part IV) only. 4. Simple Portal Frames (Single bay & Single storey) .
13(T) + 21(D)
Books for reference: 1. Krishnamurthy -“Structural Design and Drawing”, (Concrete Structures), CBS publishers, New Delhi. 2. Tata Mc-Graw publishers. 3. N. Krishnaraju – “Design of RC structures”, CBS publishers, New Delhi. 4. B.C. Punmia – “Reinforced Concrete Structures” Laxmi Publishing Co. Note: - (1.) All designs except water tanks shall be with limit state method only using SP – 16. (2.) 3 questions each carrying 20 marks to be set from Part – A from which student has to answer any two. 2 questions each carrying 60 marks to be set from Part – B, student has to answer any one.
110
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
DESIGN AND DRAWING OF RC STRUCTURES LESSON PLAN Sub Code: 06CV62 Hrs/Week: 2(T) + 3(D), Total Hrs: : 26(T) + 39(D) Period No
IA Marks: 25 Exam Hours: 04 Topics to be covered
1
Layout Drawing: General layout of building showing, position of columns, footings.
2
Layout Drawing: General layout of building showing, position of beams and slabs with notations and abbreviations
3
Layout Drawing: General layout of building showing, position of columns, footings beams and slabs with notations and abbreviations
4
Beam and Slab floor system, continuous beams
5
Beam and Slab floor system, continuous beams
6
Beam and Slab floor system, continuous beams
7
Staircase: Dog legged
8
Staircase: Open well
9
Staircase: Dog legged, Open well
10
Column footing: Column and footing (Square and Rectangle)
11
Column footing: Column and footing (Square and Rectangle)
12
Column footing: Column and footing (Square and Rectangle)
13
Design and drawing of rectangular combined footing slab and beam type.
14
Design and drawing of rectangular combined footing slab and beam type
15
Design and drawing of rectangular combined footing slab and beam type
16
Design and drawing of cantilever retaining wall
17
Design and drawing of cantilever retaining wall
18
Design and drawing of counter fort retaining wall
19
Design and drawing of counter fort retaining wall
20
Design and drawing of circular water tanks resting on the ground (Flexible base)
111
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Period No 21 22 23 24 25
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered Design and drawing of circular water tanks resting on the ground (rigid base) Design and drawing of circular water tanks resting on the ground (rigid base and flexible base) Design and drawing of rectangular water tanks resting on the ground (Flexible base) Design and drawing of rectangular water tanks resting on the ground (rigid base) Design and drawing of rectangular water tanks resting on the ground (rigid base and flexible base)
26
Design and drawing of R.C portal frame(single bay and single storey)
27
Design and drawing of R.C portal frame(single bay and single storey)
112
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK 01
Prepare a layout drawing for the line diagram of the building plan as shown in the figure bellow. Indicate the positions of the beam, Column's and Slab portion's Figure:
02
The design particulars of a continuous beam A-B-C is as shown bellow. • Clear span of AB=6.0 m, BC=6.5 m. • Cross section of the beam = 250X600mm uniform through out. • The size of supporting columns is 250X450mm, with long side-oriented parallel to span of the continuous beam. • Positive reinforcement for AB consists of 3 No's of 16 mm diameter bars. • Positive reinforcement for BC consists of 2 No's of 16 mm diameter bar's and 1 No's of 20 mm diameter bar. • Negative reinforcement at support B consists of 2 No's of 12 mm dia bar and 1 No of 20 mm dia bar in outer layer and 2 No's of 20 mm dia bars in second layer. • Negative reinforcement at support A & C consists of 2 No's of 12 mm dia bar and 1 No of 20 mm dia bar. • Shear reinforcement consist of 8 mm dia 2-legged stirrups at an spacing of 200 mm c/c through out the span. Draw the following views: 1. L.S of continuous beam showing all the structural details. 2. C.S's of the continuous beam showing all the structural details. M-15 concrete & Fe-415 steel is used in the design. The main stair of an office building measures 3.5mX5.5m. The vertical; distance between the floors is 3.75 m. Dog legged staircase is provided. There are two flights with 12 risers in each flight. Number of treads in each flight is 11. Thickness of waist slab=220mm. Main reinforcement consist of 12 mm dia bar at 100 mm c/c. Distribution steel consist of 8 mm dia bar at 150mm c/c. Thickness of supporting wall is 300 mm allround. Draw the following views: i. Plan of the staircase showing all details. ii. Cross-section of the flight showing all the structural details. M-15 concrete & Fe-415 steel is used in the design
03
113
MVJCE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
04
05
06
07
08
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
The plan of the open well staircase is as shown in the following figure.
It consists of flights D-A, A-B,B-C. The risers are 150 mm and tread are 250 mm. The thickness of supporting wall is 300 mm thick. Reinforcement details of flights DA & BC is main reinforcement consist of 12 mm dia at 140 mm c/c and dist steel consist of 12 mm dia bar at 250 mm c/c. Reinforcement details of flight AB consist of 12 mm dia at 100 mm c/c as main reinf., and 12 mm dia at 200 mm c/c as dist., steel. The thickness of the waist slab is 200 mm. Draw the following views. i. Plan of the open well staircase showing all details. ii. L.S of flight DA & AB showing all details An isolated square footing is provided for a column of section 400mm x 400mm having following details: Column longitudinal reinforcement 4 No. 16mm dia Column transverse reinforcement 2 legged 60mm dia @ 250c/c Plan size of footing 3m x 3m. Depth of footing at column face 500mm Depth of footing at edge 300mm Footing reinforcement – A mesh of 16 dia @ 180mm c/c Draw i) plan ii) Sectional elevation iii) Prepare bar bending schedule The roof of a hall is 36 m long and 12 m wide between c/c of columns and consist of R.C slab over rectangular portal frame spaced 3 m c/c. W.P.C may be taken as 0.75 Kn/Sq.m. Design the continuous slab and draw the sectional elevation of the portal frame showing reinforcement details. Also show the details of slab reinforcement Design a circular water tank for capacity of 100 cubic meters. The depth of water may be taken as 3.00 m with free board of 0.3 m. The tank rests on ground and the wall and the base slab are monolithic. Use M-15 concrete & Fe-415 steel. Draw the following views. i. L.S of tank showing all details. ii. C.S of tank showing all details. Design an open tank 4mX3m X2.5 m deep rests on firm ground. Use M-20 concrete & Fe-415 steel. Draw the following views. i. L.S of tank showing all details. ii. C.S of tank showing all details
114
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
09
10
11
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Design a cantilever retaining wall to retain leveled earth 4.5 m above G.L. unit weight of soil is 19 Kn/cubic meter. Angle of repose is 30 degrees. S.B.C of the soil is 200 Kn/Sq.m. Use M-15 concrete & Fe-415 steel. Draw the following views. i. C.S of retaining wall showing all details. ii. C.S of stem showing all details Design a counter fort retaining wall to retain leveled earth for a height of 5.5 m above G.L. S.B.C of soil is 160 Kn/Sq.m. Angle of repose is 30 degrees. Unit weight of soil is 16 Kn/cubic meter. Spacing of counter forts is 3 m c/c. Use M-15 concrete and Fe-415 steel. Draw the following views. i. Cross sectional elevation mid way between counter fort. ii. Cross sectional elevation at the counter fort iii. Sectional plan at the base of the counter fort Design a beam and slab type rectangular combined footing for two columns A & B located 4.5 m apart. The size of column A is 400X400 mm and that of column B is 600X600mm respectively. The loads on them are 1200 Kn and 1800 Kn respectively. The projection of the footing parallel to the length of the footing beyond the axis of the column A is restricted to 0.75 m. The S.B.C of the soil is 275 Kn/Sq.m. Use M-15 concrete and Fe-415 steel for the design. Draw the following views. i. L.S of combined showing all the reinforcement details. ii. C.S of combined showing all the reinforcement details
115
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
116
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
117
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
118
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
119
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
120
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
121
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CV63 – TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING – II
122
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV63
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100 PART – A RAILWAY ENGINEERING
UNIT – I INTRODUCTION: Role of railways in transportation, Indian Railways, selection of Routes 01Hrs PERMANENT WAY: Introduction, requirements for an ideal permanent way, typical cross sections of single and double line B.G. tracks – in cutting , embankment and electrified tracks. Gauges and types of gauges with dimensions. Coning of wheels and tilting of rails. Track stresses in rails, sleepers, ballast and sub grade. Problems on these. Rails functions requirements, types of rail sections, length of rails, and defects in rails. Wear on rails, rail joints, welding of rails, creep of rails. 06 hrs UNIT – II BALLAST AND SLEEPERS: Functions, requirements, types, track fittings and fasteners, calculation of quantity of materials needed for laying a track. Traction and tractive resistances, tractive power, Hauling capacity. Problems on above. 04 hrs UNIT – III GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF TRACK – Necessity of Geometric Design of railway track, gradient and types of gradient. Speed of train, curve, transition curve, super elevation, cant- deficiency, negative cant- speed calculation based on Indian Railways Formulae for High speed tracks onlyproblems on above. 07 hrs UNIT – IV POINTS AND CROSSING: Necessity and its components, turnout, design of turnout, Types of switches, crossings, track junctions. Stations and yards, marshalling yard, signalling and interlocking, track defects, track maintenance, level crossing, Indian Railway standards (no derivations, only relevant problems). Equipment in stations and yards such as turn-table, water columns, fouling marks, buffer stops etc. 08 hrs PART-B AIRPORT, TUNNELS & HARBOUR ENGINERING UNIT – V INTRODUCTION: Introduction to airport engineering, Recent Development by AAI. Layout of an airport with component parts and functions of each, Aircraft Characteristics – Airport Classifications - Site selection- Regional Planning. 05 hrs
123
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
UNIT - VI RUNWAY DESIGN- Orientation of runway by using wind rose diagram, the runway configurations- basic length of the runway –corrections to runway length by ICAO and FAA specification- runway cross sections- problems on above. 04 hrs TAXIWAY DESIGN: Factors affecting the layout of the taxiway-geometrics of taxiway- design of Exit taxiways- ICAO Specifications. Problems on above. 03 hrs VISUAL AIDS: Airport marking – lightings- ILS, other navigational aids.
02 hrs
UNIT - VII TUNNELS: Introduction – types of tunnels, advantages and disadvantages, economics of tunnelling, tunnel surveying, transferring of centreline and gradient from the earth surface to inside the tunnel working face. Design of shape and size of tunnel. Soil classification and metods of tunnelling in soft soil (only Forepoling and Neddle Beam method). Liner Plate Method of tunnelling. Tunnelling in rock - vertical shafts, pilot tunnelling, methods of tunnelling in hard rock. Mucking and methods, drilling and drilling patterns. Tunnel lining and tunnel ventilation. 06 hrs UNIT - VIII HARBOURS: Introductions, classifications, natural phenomenon affecting the design of harbour viz. wind, wave, tide and currents. Harbor layout with component parts, breakwaters, wharfs and Quays, Jetties and Piers, Dry Dock and Wet Dock, Slipways, Navigational aids. Warehouse and Transit shed. 06 hrs TEXT BOOKS: 1. Saxena and Arora, “Railway Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi. 2. Satish Chandra and Agarwal, M.M., “Railway Engineering” Oxford University Press, New Delhi 3. Agarwal M.M, “Indian railway Track”, Jaico Publications, Bombay. 4. Khanna, Arora and Jain – Airport Planning and Design – Nemchand Roorkee. 5. Srinivasan R Harbour, Dock & Tunnel Engineering, Charotar Publishing House. 6. Oza H.P. and Oza G.H., “Docks and Harbor Engineering”, Charotar Publishing House. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Antia – Railway Track Engineering.
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LESSON PLAN Subject: Transportation Engineering – II
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Sub Code:06CV63
Total Hrs: 62
Period No
Topics to be covered PART – A RAILWAY ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION Role of railways in transportation, Indian Railways, selection of Routes 1. PERMANENT WAY Introduction, requirements for an ideal permanent way, typical cross sections of 2. single and double line B.G. tracks – in cutting , embankment and electrified tracks. Gauges and types of gauges with dimensions. Coning of wheels and tilting of rails. 3. Track stresses in rails, sleepers, ballast and sub grade 4. 5.
Problems on these
6.
Rails functions requirements
7.
Types of rail sections, length of rails, and defects in rails.
8.
Wear on rails
9.
Rail joints, welding of rails, creep of rails.
BALLAST AND SLEEPERS 10. Functions, requirements, types, 11.
Track fittings and fasteners
12.
Calculation of quantity of materials needed for laying a track
13.
Traction and Tractive resistances
14.
Tractive power, Hauling capacity.
15.
Problems on above.
GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF TRACK 16. Necessity of Geometric Design of railway track, 17.
Gradient and types of gradient.
18.
Speed of train, curve
19.
Transition curve, Super elevation
20.
Cant- deficiency, negative cant- speed calculation based on Indian Railways
21.
Formulae for High-speed tracks only-problems on above.
22.
Problems on above.
23.
Problems on above. 125
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Period Topics to be covered No POINTS AND CROSSING 24. Necessity and its components, turnout, 25.
Design of turnout,
26. Types of switches, crossings, track junctions. Period Topics to be covered No 27. Stations and yards, marshalling yard, 28. Signalling and interlocking, 29. Track defects, track maintenance, Level crossing, Indian Railway standards (no derivations, only relevant 30. problems) Equipment in stations and yards such as turn-table, water columns, fouling 31. marks, buffer stops etc. 32. Problems PART-B AIRPORT, TUNNELS & HARBOUR ENGINERING INTRODUCTION 33. Introduction to Airport Engineering 34. Recent Development by AAI. Layout of an airport with component parts 35. Functions of each components, 36. Aircraft Characteristics 37. Airport Classifications - Site selection38. Regional Planning. RUNWAY DESIGN 39. Orientation of runway by using wind rose diagram, 40. Runway configurations- basic length of the runway – 41. Corrections to runway length by ICAO and FAA specification42. Runway cross sections- problems on above. 43. Problems TAXIWAY DESIGN 44. Factors affecting the layout of the taxiway45. Geometrics of taxiway- design of Exit taxiways 46. ICAO Specifications. Problems on above.
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Period No VISUAL AIDS 47. Airport marking – lightings 48.
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered
ILS, other navigational aids.
TUNNELS Introduction – types of tunnels, advantages and disadvantages, economics of 49. tunnelling, tunnel surveying, transferring of centreline and gradient from the earth surface to 50. inside the tunnel working face. 51. Design of shape and size of tunnel. Soil classification and metods of tunneling in soft soil (only Forepoling and 52. Neddle Beam method). Liner Plate Method of tunneling. 53. Tunneling in rock - vertical shafts, pilot tunneling 54.
Methods of tunneling in hard rock Mucking and methods, drilling and drilling patterns. Tunnel lining and tunnel 55. ventilation. HARBOURS 56.
58.
Introductions, classifications, Natural phenomenon affecting the design of harbour viz. wind, wave, tide and currents. Harbor layout with component parts
59.
Breakwaters, wharfs and Quays, Jetties and Piers,
60.
Dry Dock and Wet Dock, Slipways
61.
Navigational aids
62.
Warehouse and Transit shed.
57.
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QUESTION BANK RAILWAYS: (THEORY) 1. What are the objectives of conning of wheels and tilting of rails? Explain with sketches. 2. What are gauges of track? Write the different values of gauge adopted on Indian Railways? 3. Draw a typical cross-section of a double track B.G. Railway on trunk route and briefly indicate the functions of each of the components – electrical railway. 4. Discuss the different types causes of rail failures with relevant sketches. 5. Compare the different ballast materials with respect to merits, demerits and suitability of each material as ballast. 6. Explain (a) Rail wear (b) Rail creep giving their causes & remedies 7. What are different types of rail wear. How the wear of rail con be minimized. 8. What are the requirements of good sleeper to be used in railway track? Mention the advantages and limitations of a wooden sleeper. 9. Distinguish between a) suspended joint and supported joint b) square joint and staggered joint 10. What do you understand by the “creep of rail”? Explain any one of the theories to explain the occurrence of creep. How do you prevent the occurrence of creep? 11. By means of a neat sketch show the components of a permanent way for a broad gauge line track on embankment indicate approximate dimensions. Explain basic functions of each of these elements. 12. Explain the terms: crib ballast, box ballast and shoulder ballast through relevant sketches. How do you estimate the minimum ballast section under the sleeper? 13. Explain the phenomenon of formation of roaring rails and their behavior. 14. Explain the causes, effects and remedial measures for creep in a railway track. 15. What is ballast? Indicate the necessity (function) of ballast for a railway track. Name a few commonly used ballast material? 16. What are the requirements of good ballast? 17. Mention the advantages of PSC sleepers? 18. Define the terms: Tractive resistance and hauling capacity of a locomotive and explain how these can be determined for steam, diesel and electric locomotive. 19. What are train resistances? How are they estimated? 20. What are the objects of providing transition curves in railway? Explain how the length of transition curve is decided. 21. Explain ideal transition curve for a railway track and indicate the objects that are fulfilled by such a transition curve. Also indicate the different methods of determining the length of a transition curve to satisfy the above requirements. 22. What is healing divergence? What are its values adopted in Indian Railway. 23. What are the design details in a diamond crossing? Explain with sketches. 24. Explain different types of switches with the help of neat sketches? 25. State different methods of introducing transition curve? 26. Explain the following: equilibrium cant, theoretical cant, actual cant, cant deficiency and negative cant by suitable sketches 27. With the help of a single line sketch label all the important parts of a right hand turnout. 28. List the types of track junctions. Explain the working principle of a diamond crossing by suitable sketch. 128
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29. What are the factors to be kept in view for selecting the site for a railway station? Enumerate the classification and requirement of a station. 30. Distinguish between: a) catch siding and slip siding b) gravity yard and hump yard c) turn table and scotch block d) grout let track and fouling mark 31. Explain briefly the different types of yards. With a neat sketch explain the functioning of marshalling yard. 32. Explain briefly how the stations are classified. Draw a neat sketch of the requirements of an A class station and indicate the signal requirement. 33. With neat sketch explain the functioning of a hump type marshalling yard. 34. Sketch the layout of a way side with double track showing all the details of signals and their positions. 35. Write short notes on a) interlocking and signaling b) absolute block system 36. Differentiate between: a) starter and advanced starter signals b) automatic traffic control and centralized traffic control 37. Explain the necessity and function of interlocking. Write a note on modern methods of interlocking. 38. What are signals? How are they classified? What are the advantages of semaphone signals? 39. Explain the objectives of the signals and interlocking and how this is achieved through Mechanical tappet – bar system. 40. Explain the principle of interlocking and explain the tappet and lock system with the help of neat sketch. 41. Explain the functions of the following types of signals and indicate the location of these by means of sketches in a station yard. I) Horn signal ii) rowter signal iii) starter iv) advance starter 42. Explain the principles of interlocking. By means of a neat sketch illustrate how the signals and points are interlocked for a main and branch line in a station yard. 43. Explain the following during track maintenance: a) checking and correcting super elevation at curve. B) Replacing a damaged rail c) packing ballast 44. Explain the necessity of providing good drainage for a railway track. What are the requirements of a good drainage system? 45. State various methods of plate laying 46. Write a brief note on “maintenance of Railway track” 47. Give the step-by-step procedure following in the telescopic method of plate laying for new alignment. 48. List the necessity of maintaining railway track? List the various maintenance measures required for maintenance of a track.
RAILWAY (PROBLEMS) 1. Compute the quantity of various materials required to construct one-kilometer length of BG track. Take the sleeper density of n=7. 2. A locomotive has 4 pairs of driving wheels, the load on each wheel being 9.0 ton, what is the total weight of the train that can be hauled at a uniform speed of 1ookmph on a straight level BG track. What would be the reduction in speed if the train has to climb a gradient of 1 in 150 with a 4°curve?
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3. Determine the hauling capacity needed to pull a train of total weight 12,000 KN on a straight BG track with an ascending gradient of 1 in 250 from a speed of 15 to 25 Kmph in 25 seconds. What will be the maximum speed of the train on a straight level track? 4. Calculate the maximum permissible load that can be hauled by a locomotive on a straight level track if the coefficient of friction between the wheel and rail is 0.15. The locomotive has 3 pairs of driving wheels of 22 tons axle load. The train has to run at a speed of 100 kmph. What should be the reduction in speed if the train has to second an up gradient of 1 in 250 with a 3-degree curve? 5. Calculate the maximum permissible load that can be hauled by a locomotive on a straight and level track if the hauling capacity of engine is 12,500 kg and the train has to run at a speed of 80 kmph. Find the reduction in speed on a gradient of 1/200 with a 2.5° curve. 6. A locomotive has three pairs of wheels and the load on each wheel is 15 tones. What is the maximum train load that can be pulled by the locomotive of a uniform speed of 85 kmph on a BG track along a curved track with D = 2° and having an ascending gradient of 1 in 150. Assume a coefficient of friction of 0.166. 7. An 8° curve on BG track branches of from a 4V main curve in opposite direction of a BG yard. If the speed on main line is 60 kmph, determine the speed restriction on the branch line for a cant deficiency of 7.2 cm. 8. In a 3° curve of a BG track, it is desired to maintain a speed of 100kmph. Design a super elevation if cant deficiency is 7.5cm. Calculate the length of transition curve to be provided to limit the change of radial acceleration to 0.3 m/s3 and the rate of introduction of super elevation to 1 in 360. Check the transition curve length by empirical formula. 9. In a 4° curve of a BG track, it is required to maintain a speed of 110kmph. Calculate the super elevation, length of transition curve to be provided given the rate of change of centrifugal acceleration of 0.03m/s3 and the rate of introduction of super elevation not to exceed 1 in 320. Check also the length of transition curve by empirical formula, 10. Calculate super elevation, maximum permissible speed and length of transition curve for a 3° curve on shatabdi high speed of 100kmph. Assume the equilibrium speed as 80kmph and booked speed of goods train 50kmph. 11. Design the different elements of a turnout for a MG track, if the number of crossing is 8.5 and the heel divergence is 11 cm (assume simple circular curve from toe to switch to TNC) 12. Determine the necessary elements required to set out a 1 in 8.5 turnout taking off from a straight BG track with its curve starting off from the TNC and joining the main railway from the heel of the switch, given heel divergence of 11.50cm. 13. On a straight BG track a turnout take off at an angle of 6°42’35”. Design the turnout using the following data. (Derive the equation used) switch angle = 1V34’27”, heel divergence = 137mm, straight-arm of crossing – 830mm. 14. Determine the different elements of a diamond crossing formed by crossing of two MG tracks at an angle of 1 in 8.5. Draw a neat sketch and indicate the designed elements.
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Fill in the blanks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
In India the standard length of rail for broad gauge is ______ meters. The mass per meter length of rail is __________kg The ratio of the weight of rail to the axle load is ________ Maximum permissible cant deficiency for broad gauge track is ______ If ‘V’ is the speed of the train s ‘r’ is the radius of horizontal, the equilibrium cant for broad gauge track is ______ for B.G=1.676m 6. The no of crossing ‘N’ is defined by the speed of the leg of crossing the length of crossing from TNC. 7. Given R= 150m, chord length C= 56m versine of the curve is _____ 8. The conning of wheels in general is 1 in ______ 9. The sleeper density is expressed as ________ 10. The crossing number adopted by Indian railways for high speed track is ______ 11. The permissible throw of the switch for Broad gauge is _________ 12. Number of crossing is defined as _________ 13. Arrangement to reverse the engine direction is called _________ 14. Widening of gauge is provided at _____ 15. Warner signal can be set off only when __________ 16. Gap is provided between the rails to take care of ________ 17. The very first signal met by a train before leaving a station is ______ 18. The width of the top portion of the Flat Footed rail is ________ 19. The staggered rail joint is proved on _________ 20. The minimum depth of ballast in case of a BG is ________ cm 21. The loose ballast between the two adjacent sleepers is called ________ ballast. 22. _________ clip is used to connect rail to concrete sleeper. 23. The cross level on a curved track is checked by ________ board. 24. The process of laying sleepers and rail on the formation is called ____ 25. The transition curve used in Indian railways is _________ Short Answers 1. Sketch an acute angle crossing and indicate all elements. 2. SketcH the right hand turnout and indicate the parts. 3. Illustrate the conning of wheels and tilting of wheels with neat sketch. 4. Draw a typical cross section of a permanent way. 5. Differentiate between crib ballast and Box ballast. 6. Indicate the necessity of Welding of rails. 7. Sketch the details of Flat Footed rails. 8. Explain the necessity of grade compensation at curves. 9. Draw the positions of various signals provided in the station yard. 10. Sketch a scissor’s crossing indicating all the details. 11. Calculate maximum bending moment under a rail section given: I = 1720m4 track modulus = 75kg/cm2 for a load of 12.5 ton. 12. Determine the hauling capacity of a locomotive with 4 pairs of driving wheels and 24-ton axle load of a BG track.
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13. Determine the actual super elevation to be provided on a BG track for a speed of 80 kmph and radius = 200m. 14. What is the transition curve length as per IRC formula for a design speed of a train 90 kmph and r = 150m. 15. In a stretch of a railway track 15 trains are moving at a speed of 50kmph, 10 trains at 60kmph, 5 trains at 70kmph. Estimate the deviation from the maximum speed. (Also calculate the weighted average speed) 16. What will be the curve lead in a broad gauge track with crossing no. 8.5 17. Determine the size of crossing if the spread between the point and splice rail of a distance of 4.10m is 45cm.
AIRPORT ENGINEERING (THEORY) INTRODUCTION 1. Explain briefly the different aircraft characteristics that influence the design of airport. 2. Write a brief note on development of air transportation in India? 3. Draw a neat sketch of airport layout and mention the function of each component. AIRPORT PLANNING 4. What do you understand by master plan of an airport? What is the FAA recommendation for preparing the master plan of an airport? 5. What are the factors to be considered in the selection of an airport site and explain them briefly? 6. What is meant by zoning laws? 7. What are the factors to be considered for finding the capacity of an airport? Briefly explain. 8. Explain with sketches Imaginary surface. 9. Explain the Approach zone and Turning zone obstructions by neat sketch. RUNWAY DESIGN 10. What is basic length of runway and explain how it is determined? 11. What is the different runway configuration? Explain with neat sketch under what condition each type is preferred. 12. What is wind rose? With a given set of wind data, explain how the wind rose diagram can be drawn on the principle of cross wind component. 13. Explain the construction of type II wind rose diagram for orientation of runway. 14. Draw a neat sketch of cross section of runway and indicate various geometrics. 15. Enumerate the assumptions made for designing the basic runway length. 16. Write short note on: (i) Calm period (ii) Wind Head (iii) Cross wind component (iv) Estimation of time of utilization of runway (v) wind coverage TAXIWAY 17. Explain briefly the factors to be considered for location of an exit taxiway as per Airway Modernization Board. 18. Explain briefly the various factors, which affect the layout of taxiway. 19. Briefly explain about optimum location of exit taxiway. 20. Briefly explain the geometric standards of taxiway. 21. Airport marking, lighting and ILS and VLS 22. With a note on Runway and Taxiway marking indicate their significance 132
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23. Draw the schematic diagram of Instrumentation Landing System (ILS) showing various components. 24. How visual aids are classified for airports? (Airport marking and airport lighting) 25. What are different control aids available for proper air trafficking at airports? AIRPORT ENGINEERING (PROBLEMS) 1. The following table gives the average wind data of the airport site when the wind intensity is above 6kmph. Draw a suitable wind rose diagram. Determine the best orientation of runway. If the maximum deviation of wind from the direction of landing and take off is permitted up to 33.75°, determine the % of time in a year during which the runway can be used for flights.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Wind Percentage of time Wind direction Percentage direction of time N 6.6 S 7.7 NNE 10.3 SSW 14.3 NE 8.1 SW 10.6 ENE 3.9 WSW 5.7 E 1.8 W 3.9 ESE 0.9 WNW 0.5 SE 0.4 NW 0.3 SSE 4.1 NNW 4.2 Determine the orientation of the runway from the observed wind data in % given below, starting from North direction in clock wise direction: 4.2, 1.3, 2.0, 4.9, 6.8, 11.2, 14.2, 7.5, 4.3, 1.2, 1.8, 3.4, 8.1, 9.9, 7.2, 2.6 Starting from North the following wind data in percentage were observed. Find the best orientation of the runway and also percentage of wind coverage using type I wind rose diagram. [7.0, 13.5, 10.4, 3.0, 1.8, 1.0, 0.5, 5.6, 8.5, 14.5, 10.3, 6.8, 4.0, 1.2, 0.5, 4.2] A runway is oriented along NNE – SSW direction. The percentage of time of wind blowing along N, NNE, NE, ENE, S, SSW, SW and WSW are respectively 14, 16, 13, 9, 10, 17, 13 and 8. Calculate utilization period of the runway if the calm period is 11.5%. The standard length of the Runway is 1970m at elevation of 900m above MSL; its reference temperature is 22°C. If the proposed runway grading permits an effective gradient of 0.18%, determine the actual runway length required at that site. Design all the elements of an exit taxiway, which joins the runway and parallel taxiway. The total angle of turning is 40°; the aircraft turn off speed is 60kmph. Take the radius of entrance curve as 517m. Draw the layout of an exit taxiway. The length of runway under standard condition is 1620m. The airport site has an elevation of 270m. Its reference temperature is 33°C. If the runway is to be constructed with an effective gradient of 0.20 %, determine the corrected runway length. An airport has an elevation of 1000m above MSL and basic runway length is 2000m of Tn and Ta are 35°C and 22°C respectively. Find the corrected length of the runway for an effective gradient of 0.25%. An airport has 3000m length of runway, at 750m intervals the following are the values of gradients –0.5, +0.3, -0.8 and 0.4 % respectively. Find the effective gradient for the given data and check whether the effective gradient is as per ICAO standards. If not what is the difference? 133
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10. Calculate the runway length at a place required at an elevation of 1600m above MSL with the following data. Basic runway length = 2200m Hottest month Mean max. Temp = 34° C Mean daily temperature = 22 ° C Gradients of runway along the centerline: 0 300m +0.7% 300m 700m -0.4% 700m 1100m -0.6% 1100m 1400m +0.9% 1400m 1550m +1.2% 1550m 1750m -0.5% 1750m 1950m +0.3% 11. The basic length of a runway is 1500m under standard conditions of the airport is located at 950m above MSL and if Tm = 43°C and T a =26°C, find the corrected length of the runway if the longitudinal profile has following grade details End to end of runway (m) Grade (percent) 0 - 400 + 0.75 400 - 800 -0.6 800 - 1300 +0.5 1300 - 1900 -0.3 1900 - 3000 +0.2
12. Length of runway under standard condition is 2200m. The airport is located at an elevation of 320m with a reference temperature of 30.6°C. The runway is proposed to be constructed with gradients of +1.0% from 0 to 600m, -0.5% from 600m to 1400m, +0.8% from 1400 to 2000m and –0.6% from 2000m to the other end. Determine the corrected length. 13. Determine the turning radius for a supersonic aircraft with a wheelbase of 32m and tread of main landing gear as 6m. If the turn off speed is 75kmph and co efficient of friction is0.015. Assume width of taxiway as 22.5m. 14. Determine the turning radius for a supersonic aircraft having a wheelbase of 30m and tread of main loading gear as 6m. If the turn off speed of 60kmph and coefficient of friction is 0.13. Assume the width of taxiway pavement as 22.5m
HARBOURS (Theory) 1. With neat sketch show the various components of a harbour and explain the function of each. 2. What is a Harbour? How they are classified? Draw a typical sketch of a Harbour and indicate therein all the components. On what basis size of Harbour is decided. 3. What are the basic difference between a transit shed and warehouse with respect to their use and construction? Indicate their location in a harbour with neat sketch. 4. What are the factors to be considered in the selection of site for a harbour? Explain briefly.
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5. What is approach channel? What factors are to be considered in selecting the best alignment for channel? 6. List the factors that govern the choice of a site for development of a new harbour. Draw a neat sketch of an artificial harbour showing the components. 7. What are dolphins and fenders? Explain the function of them in sea navigation. 8. Draw a typical sketch indicating the various forces acting on a vertical wall break water. 9. What is breakwater? What is its function? Explain the classification of breakwater? 10. Explain different methods of construction of “mound breakwater”. 11. Explain with sketches the following: I) rubble mound break water ii) vertical wall break water 12. Sketch a tetra pod. 13. Draw the section of a Quay wall and indicate the forces acting on it? 14. List all the factors affecting the design of Quay wall. How the stability of a quay wall is determined? 15. What are Quay walls? What are the factors affecting its design? Explain how its stability is determined. 16. What are floating Docks? Explain briefly the different types of floating docks? 17. Differentiate between a dry dock and wet dock. Explain the various forces acting on a dry dock floor. 18. Sketch the details of graving dry docks showing all the details of the supporting blocks on floor and the hydraulic flow arrangements. 19. Explain with sketches the features and functions of a dry dock. 20. What are navigational aids? Classify them. Draw a neat sketch of lighthouse naming the various component parts.
FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. Clopotis will be formed due to ________ type of wave on vertical walls. 2. Tides are generally formed due to _______ phenomenon. 3. Is 340mm Hiroui’s formula for wave pressure is ________ 4. The speed of waves in shallow waste is _______ 5. Tetrapods are used in ______ type of breakwater. 6. Reel blocks and bilge blocks are provided in ______ dock. 7. Spring tides occur during ______ 8. Spring tides occur on ______ and _____ days and neap tides occur on _______ and _______ days. 9. Length of the wave is proportional to _____ 10. Oscillatory waves are formed on ______ water. 11. Lateral movement of particles along the coast is termed as ______ 12. In a Littoral drift the bed load is proportional to ________ 13. An object constructed and used as a means to indicate and guide navigation is designed as _________ 14. Graving dock is used for _______ 15. The confined area naturally enclosed by islands is known as ________
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TUNNEL ENGINEERING 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What is a Tunnel? Mention its advantages and disadvantages. Mention its circumstances under which tunnels are preferred than open cut. What are the factors that govern the shape and size of a tunnel? What are the common shapes adopted for tunnel? Discuss briefly their merits and demerits. Explain briefly what are the geological investigations required before a tunnel is constructed. 7. Explain the methods of transfer of center in to the tunnel and providing grade. 8. Draw the longitudinal and cross section of a tunnel in a hilly area and indicate Adit, Portal, Shaft, gradient on it. 9. Draw typical section of tunnels for a railway line and highway. 10. Mention the methods available for soft rock tunneling. (Fore polling, needle beam method, army method, American method, Belgian method, English method, liner plates method, compressed air tunneling, shield method) 11. Mention the methods available for hard rock tunneling. (Full face method, drift method, v – type pattern) 12. What is mucking? What are the methods available? Mention their merits and demerits. (Hand mucking, California crossing method, cherry picker method) 13. What is pilot method? What are the advantages? 14. Define a shaft. What are its advantages? 15. Explain the meaning of ventilation as applied to tunnels. Explain briefly the different methods of ventilation systems adopted in tunnels. 16. Write a note on tunnel lining, drainage of tunnel, tunnel lighting. 17. What is grouting? Why it is done and what are its functions?
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06CV64 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II
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SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV64
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100 Part A UNIT I
1. SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION: Importance of exploration program, Methods of exploration: Boring, sounding tests, geophysical methods-Electrical resistivity and Seismic refraction methods. Types of samples- undisturbed, disturbed and representative samples Samplers, sample disturbance, area ratio, Recovery ratio, clearance Stabilisation of boreholes - Typical bore log. Number and depth of borings for various civil engineering structures, soil exploration report. 07 hrs UNIT II 2. DRAINAGE AND DEWATERING : Location of ground water table in fine and coarse grained soils. Determination of ground water level by Hvorselev’s method. Control of ground water during exavation: Dewatering- Ditches and sumps, well point system, Shallow well system, Deep well system, Vaccum method, Electro Osmosis method. 05 hrs UNIT III 3. STRESSES IN SOILS: Boussinesq’s and Westergaard’s theories for concentrated, circular, rectangular, line and strip loads. Comparison of Boussinesq’s and westergaard’s analysis. Pressure distribution diagrams, contact pressure, Newmark’s chart. 06 hrs UNIT IV 4. FLOWNETS: Laplace equation (no derivation) assumptions and limitations only, characteristics and uses of flownets, Methods of drawing flownets for Dams and sheet piles. Estimating quantity of seepage and Exit gradient. Determination of phreatic line in earth dams with and without filter. Piping and protective filter, graded filter. 06 hrs PART B UNIT V 5. LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE: Active and Passive earth pressures, Earth pressure at rest, Earth pressure coefficient. Earth pressure theories- Rankine’s and Coulomb’s –assumptions and limitations, Graphical solutions for active earth pressure (cohesionless soil only) –Culmann’s and Rebhann’s methods Lateral earth pressure in cohesive and cohesionless soils, Earth pressure distribution. 08 hrs 140
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UNIT VI 6. STABILITY OF EARTH SLOPES: Types of slopes, causes and type of failure of slopes. Definition of factor of safety, Stability of finite and infinite slopes- Method of slices, Friction Circle method, Fellineous method ,Taylor’s stability number. 07 hrs UNIT VII 7. BEARING CAPACITY: Definitions of ultimate, net and safe bearing capacities, Allowable bearing pressure. Terzaghi’s and Brinch Hansen’s bearing capacity equations-assumptions and limitations Bearing capacity of footing subjected to eccentric loading. Effect of ground water table on bearing capacity. Plate load test, Standard penetration test, cone penetration test. 08 hrs UNIT VIII 8. FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT: Settlement Analysis, Data for settlement analysis, computation of settlement, Concept, immediate, consolidation and secondary settlements (no derivations), Tolerance. BIS specifications for total and differential settlements of footings and rafts. 05 hrs TEXT BOOKS: 1. Alam Singh and Chowdhary G.R. (1994), “ Soil Engineering in Theory and Practice”’ CBS Publishers and Distributors Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Punmia B.C. (2005), “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engg.”, 16th Edition Laxmi Publications Co. , New Delhi. References Books: 1. Bowles J.E. (1996), ‘Foundation Analysis and Design”’ 5th Edition, McGraw Hill Pub. Co. New York. 2. Murthy V.N.S. (1996) “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering”, 4th Edition, UBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi. 3. Gopal Ranjan and Rao A.S.R. (2000), “ Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics”, New Age International (P) Ltd., Newe Delhi. 4. Venkatrahmaiah C. (2006), “ Geotechnical Engineering”’ 3rd Edition New Age International (P) Ltd., Newe Delhi. 5. Craig R.F. (1987), “ Soil Mechanics”, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Ltd. 6. Braja M. Das (2002), ‘Principles of Geotechnical Engineering’, 5th Edition, Thomson Business Information India (P) Ltd., India. 7. Iqbal H. Khan (2005), ‘Text Book of Geotechnical Engineering’, 2nd Edition, PHI, India.
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LESSON PLAN Subject: Geotechnical Engineering - II
Hours / week:5
Subject Code: 06CV64
Total Hours: 62
Period Topics to be covered No SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION: Importance of exploration program, Methods of exploration: Boring, sounding tests, 1. Methods of exploration: Geophysical methods-Electrical resistivity and Seismic 2. refraction methods. 3. Types of samples- undisturbed, disturbed and representative samples Samplers 4. Sample disturbance, area ratio, Recovery ratio clearance 5. Stabilisation of boreholes - Typical bore log 6. Number and depth of borings for various civil engineering structures 7. Soil exploration report 8. Problems DRAINAGE AND DEWATERING: 9. Location of ground water table in fine and coarse grained soils. 10. Determination of ground water level by Hvorselev’s method Control of ground water during exavation: Dewatering- Ditches and sumps, well 11. point system 12. Control of ground water during exavation: Shallow well system, Deep well system 13. Vaccum method, Electro Osmosis method. STRESSES IN SOILS: 14. Boussinesq’s theory for concentrated, circular, rectangular, line and strip loads. 15. Boussinesq’s theory for concentrated, circular, rectangular, line and strip loads. 16. Westergaard’s theory for concentrated, circular, rectangular, line and strip loads. 17. Westergaard’s theory for concentrated, circular, rectangular, line and strip loads. Comparison of Boussinesq’s and westergaard’s analysis. Pressure distribution 18. diagrams 19. Problems 20. Contact pressure, Newmark’s chart 21. Problems
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Period Topics to be covered No FLOWNETS: 22. Laplace equation (no derivation) assumptions and limitations only 23. Characteristics and uses of flownets 24. Methods of drawing flownets for Dams and sheet piles. 25. Problems on flownets 26. Estimating quantity of seepage and Exit gradient 27. Determination of phreatic line in earth dams with and without filter. 28. Piping and protective filter, graded filter LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE: Active and Passive earth pressures, Earth pressure at rest, Earth pressure coefficient 29. 30.
Rankine’s Earth pressure theory- assumptions and limitations
31.
Coulomb’s Earth pressure theory –assumptions and limitations
32.
Graphical solutions for active earth pressure (cohesionless soil only)
33.
Culmann’s method
34.
Problems on Culmann’s method
35.
Rebhann’s method
36.
Problems on Rebhann’s method
37.
Lateral earth pressure in cohesive and cohesionless soils
38.
Problems
39.
Earth pressure distribution, Problems
STABILITY OF EARTH SLOPES: 40.
Types of slopes
41.
45.
Causes and type of failure of slopes. Definition of factor of safety, Stability of finite and infinite slopes- Method of slices, Friction Circle method, Fellineous method Stability of finite and infinite slopes- Method of slices, Friction Circle method, Fellineous method Stability of finite and infinite slopes- Method of slices, Friction Circle method, Fellineous method Taylor’s stability number, Problems
46.
Problems
42. 43. 44.
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Period No BEARING CAPACITY: 47.
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered
49.
Definitions of ultimate, net and safe bearing capacities, Allowable bearing pressure Terzaghi’s and Brinch Hansen’s bearing capacity equations-assumptions and limitations Bearing capacity of footing subjected to eccentric loading
50.
Effect of ground water table on bearing capacity
51.
Problems
52.
Plate load test
53.
Problems
54.
Standard penetration test
55.
Cone penetration test
48.
56. Problems FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT: 57. Settlement Analysis Data for settlement analysis, computation of settlement, Concept, immediate, 58. consolidation and secondary settlements (no derivations), Data for settlement analysis, computation of settlement, Concept, immediate, 59. consolidation and secondary settlements (no derivations), 60. Problems Tolerance. BIS specifications for total and differential settlements of footings and 61. rafts. 62. Problems
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146
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147
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148
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06CV65 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
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SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV65
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100 Part A UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION Definition. Benefits and ill effects of irrigation. Sources of water for irrigation. Systems of irrigation: Surface and ground water, flow irrigation, Lift irrigation, Bhandhara irrigation. Methods of irrigation in India – Potential and development. 06 hrs UNIT – II IRRIGATION AND WATER REQUIREMENTS OF CROPS Definition of duty, Delta and Base period, Relationship between Duty, Delta and Base period, Factors affecting duty of water. Crops and crop seasons in India, Crops grown in Karnataka, their seasons, local names. Agro-climatic zones of Karnataka. Irrigation efficiency, Frequency of irrigation. 08 hrs UNIT - III CANALS Definition. Types of canals, Alignment of canals. Design of canals by Kennedy’s and Lacey’s methods. 04 hrs CANAL WORKS Canal regulators: Classification and suitability. Canal drops: Classification. Hydraulic design principles for notch type drop. Cross drainage works: Classification. Hydraulic design principles for an aqueduct. 04 hrs UNIT – IV RESERVOIRS Definitions. Investigation for reservoir sites. Storage zones. Determination of storage capacity and yield of a reservoir using mass curve. 06 hrs
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Part B UNIT – V DIVERSION WORKS Definition. Layout. Types of weirs and Barrages. Design of Impermeable floors – Bligh’s and Lane’s theories – Simple design problems. Khosla’s theory – Method of independent variables, Exit gradient (No design problem). 06 hrs UNIT – VI GRAVITY DAMS Definition. Forces acting on a Gravity dam. Modes of failures. Elementary and practical profile. Low and high gravity dams. Simple analysis problems, Principal stresses. Drainage galleries. 08 hrs UNIT – VII EARTHEN DAMS Introduction. Types of earthen dams. Failure of earthen dams. Preliminary design. Drainage arrangements. Phreatic line. Stability analysis under sudden draw down using Sweedish slip circle method. 06 hrs UNIT – VIII SPILLWAYS Definition. Types of Spillways. Design Principles for an Ogee Spillway. Energy dissipaters : Types and introduction to IS Stilling basins (No design problems). 04 hrs TEXT BOOKS 1. P.N. Modi, ‘Irrigation, Water Resources, and Water Power Engineering’, Standard Book House, New Delhil. 2. R.K. Sharma, ‘Text Book of Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures’, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. 3. B.C. Punmia and Pande Lal, ‘Irrigation and Water Power Engineering’, Laxhmi Publications, New Delhi. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. S.K. Garg, ‘Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures’, Khanna Publications, New Delhi. 2. Michael A.M., ‘Irrigaiotn Theory and Practices, Vikas Publications, New Delhi. 3. Sahasra Budhe, ‘Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Dhanpath Rai Publications, New Delhi.
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LESSON PLAN Subject Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Sub Code:06CV64
Total Hrs: 62
Period Topics to be covered No UNIT-I INTRODUCTION Definition, Benefits, ill effects of irrigation 1. Source of water for irrigation- Surface and ground water 2. Systems of irrigation: Surface and Ground water 3. Flow irrigation and lift irrigation 4. Bhandhara Irrigation. 5. Methods of application of irrigation water 6. Irrigation in India-Potential and developments 7. UNIT-II IIRRIGATION AND WATER REQUIREMENTS OF CROPS Definitions of duty, delta and base period, 8. Relationship between Duty, Delta and Base period 9. 10. Factors affecting duty of water continued 11. Water requirements of crops 12. Crop and Crop seasons 13. Irrigation efficiencies 14. Irrigation efficiencies continued 15. Frequency of irrigation 16. Frequency of irrigation continues UNIT-III 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
CANAL Types of canals Alignment of Canals Design of canals by Lacey’s and Kennedy’s method Design of canals by Lacey’s and Kennedy’s method Design of canals by Lacey’s and Kennedy’s method
CANAL WORKS 22. Classification and suitability of canal regulators 23. Canal drop: Classification. Hydraulic design principles for notch type drop 24. Cross drainage works: Classification. Hydraulic design principles for an aqueduct. 25. Cross drainage works: Classification. Hydraulic design principles for an aqueduct.
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Period No 26.
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Topics to be covered Hydraulic design principles for an aqueduct. continued
UNIT-IV RESERVOIRS 27. Definitions, investigations for reservoir site 28.
Storage zone
29.
Determination of storage capacity of reservoirs
30.
Determination of storage capacity of reservoirs
31.
Determination of yield of reservoirs using mass curve
32.
Determination of yield of reservoir using mass curve continued
33.
Economical height of Dam
UNIT-V DIVERSION WORKS 34. Definitions, Layout components & their functions 35.
Types of weirs and Barrages
36.
Design of Impermeable floors
37.
Bligh’ theory- Simple design problems
38.
Lane’s theory- Simple design problems
39. 40.
Khosla’s theory – Method of independent variables, Exit gradient (No design problem) Khosla’s theory – Method of independent variables continued
UNIT-VI GRAVITY DAMS 41. Definitions, forces acting on gravity dam 42.
forces acting on gravity dam (contd)
43.
forces acting on gravity dam (contd
44.
Modes of failure
45.
Principal stresses
46.
Principal stresses
47.
Elementary profile
48.
Practical profile, Low and high gravity Dams
49.
Simple analysis problems
50.
Simple analysis problems (contd), Drainage galleries
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Period No UNIT-VII EARTHEN DAMS 51. Types of Earthen dams
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
Topics to be covered
52.
Failures of earthen dams.[No problems]
53.
Preliminary design
54.
Drainage arrangements (No design)
55.
Phreatic line,
56.
Stability analysis under sudden draw down using Sweedish slip circle method
57.
Stability analysis under sudden draw down using Sweedish slip circle method
UNIT-VIII SPILL WAYS 58. Definition – Types of spill ways 59.
Design Principles for an Ogee Spillway.
60.
Energy dissipaters:
61.
Types and introduction to IS Stilling basins (No design Problem)
62.
Energy dissipaters: Types and introduction to IS Stilling basins (No design Problem)
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QUESTION BANK 1.Define irrigation. What is the necessity of irrigation? 2.Discuss in brief the benefits and ill effects of irrigation. 3.Discuss in brief the various methods of surface irrigation.. 4.What is contour farming? Compare it with wild flooding method. 5.Write a note on sub-surface irrigation and sprinkler method of irrigation. 6. Describe border strip method of irrigation. 7.Compare surface irrigation with sub-surface irrigation. 8.Explain the terms duty and delta. Derive a relationship between the two. 9.What are the factors affecting duty? How can duty be improved? 10.A watercourse commands an irrigated area of 800 hectares. The intensity of irrigation of rice in this area is 50%..The transplantation of rice crop takes 15 days and total depth of water required by the crop is 60 cm on the field during the transplantation period, given that the rain falling for the crop during this period is 15 cm. Find the duty of irrigation water for the crop on the field during transplantation, at the head of the distributory, assuming losses of water to be 20%in the water course. Also calculate the discharge required in the watercourse. 11.Describe in brief various investigations required for reservoir planning. 12.Define the following: surcharge storage, valley storage, safe yield and secondary yield. 13.What is mass inflow curve and how is it prepared? 14.Explain how would you determine safe yield from a reservoir of a given capacity. 15.What does gravity dam understand? Explain various forces that act on a gravity dam. 16.Discuss in brief various modes of failure of gravity dam. 17.Explain the method of determining principal and shear stresses in a gravity dam. 18.What do you understand by elementary profile of a gravity dam? Derive expressions for determining base width of such a dam based on stress and sliding criterion. 19.Give a practical profile of a low gravity dam. 20.Distinguish between a low and high gravity dam. Derive the expression used for such a distinction. 21.Check the stability (at section AB) of the concrete gravity dam sections shown below. Assume any other data not given. 22.What do you understand by galleries?
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156
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06CV665 GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY
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SYLLABUS Sub Code:06CV665
IA Marks: 25
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Exam Hours: 3 Hrs
Total Hrs: 62
Exam Marks: 100
PART-A 1. Introduction: 1.1. Importance 1.2. Vertical distribution of subsurface water 1.3. Occurrence in different types of rocks and soils 1.4. Definitions-aquifers, aquifuge, aquitard, aquiclude 1.5. Confine and Unconfined aquifers
06 hrs
2. Aquifer Properties: 2.1. Aquifer parameters-Specific yield and specific retention 2.2. Porosity, storage coefficient: 2.3. Derivation of the expression. 2.4. Land subsidence due to ground water withdrawals
06 hrs
3. Darcy’s law and Hydraulic Conductivity: 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Darcy’s Law 3.3. Hydraulic conductivity,Coefficient of permeability and intrinsic permeability 3.4. Transmissibility 3.5. Permeability in isotropic,Unisotropic soils 3.6. Staedy one dimensional flow 3.7. Different cses with recharge
07 hrs
4. Well Hydraulics-Steady Flow: 4.1. Radial flow in Confined and Unconfined aquifers. 4.2. Pumping tests.
07 hrs
PART-B 5. Well Hydraulics-Unsteady Flow: 5.1. General equation derivation; theiss Method 5.2. Cooper and Jacob method 5.3. Chow's method 5.4. Solution of unsteady flow equations 6. Ground Water Development: 6.1. Types of wells 6.2. Methods of construction 6.3. Tube well design 6.4. Dug wells 6.5. Pumps for lifting water--working principles, power requirement 160
07 hrs
07 hrs
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7. Ground Water Exploration: 7.1. Seismic method 7.2. Electrical resistivity method – principles 7.3. Bore hole geophysical techniques 7.4. Electrical logging,Radioactive logging 7.5. Induction Logging 7.6. Seismic and fluid logging
06 hrs
8. Ground Water Recharge and Runoff: 8.1 Recharge by vertical leakage 8.2 Ground water runoff 8.3 Ground water budget
06 hrs
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Ground Water - Raghunath H.M., Wiley Eastern Publication. 2. Ground Water Hydrology - O.K. Todd, Wiley & Sons. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Ground Water Hydrology -Bower H., McGraw Hill, 2. Ground Water and "rube Wells -'Garg Satyaprakash, Oxford& JBH. 3. Ground Water - H.S. Nagabhushanaiah, CBS Publisher. 4. Ground Water - S. Rarnakrishnan.
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LESSON PLAN Subjec: Ground Water Hydrology
Hrs / Week: 5 Hrs
Sub Code:06CV665
Total Hrs: 62
Period Topics to be covered No UNIT-I`INTRODUCTION 1. Importance 2. Vertical distribution of subsurface water 3.
Occurrence in different types of rocks
4.
Definition of aquifer
5.
Aquifuge, aquitard and aquiclude
6.
Confined and unconfined aquifers Confined and unconfined aquifers continued
7.
UNIT II- AQUIFER PROPERTIES 8. Aquifer parameters-Specific yield and specific retention, 9.
Specific yield and specific retention CONTINUED
10.
Porosity, storage coefficient
11.
Derivation of the expression.
12.
Land subsidence due to ground water withdrawals
13.
Land subsidence due to ground water withdrawals
14.
Land subsidence due to ground water withdrawals UNIT III- DARCY’S LAW AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY 15.
Introduction to Darcy’s law
16.
Hydraulic conductivity
17.
Coefficient of permeability, transmissibility
18.
Permeability in isotropic and unisotropic soils
19.
Permeability in isotropic and unisotropic soils continued
20.
Steady one dimensional flow
21.
Different cases with recharge Different cases with recharge
22.
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Period Topics to be covered No UNIT VI- WELL HYDRAULICS STEADY FLOW 23.
Introduction
24
Radial flow in confined aquifers
25.
Radial flow in unconfined aquifers
26.
Radial flow in unconfined aquifers
27.
Pumping test
28.
Pumping test continued
29.
Pumping test continued
30.
Pumping test continued
UNIT V- WELL HYDRAULICS UNSTEADY FLOW 31
Introduction
32.
General equation derivation
33. 34.
General equation derivation Theis method
35.
Cooper Jacob method
36.
Chow’s method
37.
Solution of unsteady flow equations
38.
Solution of unsteady flow equations
UNIT VI- GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT 39
Types of wells
40.
Methods of construction
41.
Tube well design
42.
Dug wells
43.
Pumps for lifting water- working principles
44.
Pumps for lifting water- continued.
45.
Power requirement
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Period Topics to be covered No UNIT VII- GROUND WATER EXPLORATION 46.
Introduction, Seismic method
47.
Introduction, Seismic method continuous.
48.
Bore hole geophysical techniques
49
Electrical logging method – continuous.
50
Induction logging
51
Sonic logging and fluid logging
52
Bore hole geophysical techniques
53
Electrical logging method – continuous.
54
Induction logging
55
Sonic logging and fluid logging Sonic logging and fluid logging
56
UNITVIII-GROUNDWATER RECHARGE AND RUNOFF 57
Artificial recharge
58
Ground water runoff
59
Description
60
Ground water budget
61
Explanation Explanation
62
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QUESTION BANK UNIT-I 1.Distinguish between a. Aquifer and aquifuge b. Confined aquifer and water table aquifer c. Groundwater and perched groundwater 2.With the help of a diagram explain the vertical distribution of subsurface water. 3.With a sketch explain the classification of aquifers. 4.Explain how different rocks act as water bearing formations. UNIT-II 5.Explain the terms (i) Cone of depression (ii) draw down 6.Explain porosity with respect to specific yield and specific retention. 7.Derive the expression for storage coefficient. 8.How is specific yield determined in the lab? 9.An undisturbed rock sample has an oven dry weight of 1305gm.When it is completely saturated with kerosene it weighed 1463 gm. The saturated sample, when immersed in kerosene, displaced 605 gm of kerosene. What is the porosity of the sample? 10.A soil sample has a hydraulic conductivity of 15 m/day. What would be its intrinsic permeability? What would be its hydraulic conductivity at 30°C? 11.An unconfined aquifer has an area of 325 km 2,thickness of 24.5m and a porosity of 30%. What is its specific retention if it can yield 1890 million m 3 of free draining water? 12.In order to determine the permeability of an aquifer, a tracer is introduced in an observation well and it is traced in another downstream well 78 m away from the first after 46.5 hour. If the elevations of water levels in the two wells differ by 209m and the porosity of the aquifer is 18%, calculate the coefficient of permeability of the aquifer.
UNIT-III 13.State and prove Darcy’s Law. 14.Define transmissibility and hydraulic conductivity. 15.Derive expressions for average permeability in horizontal and vertical directions in layered soils. 16.What is one-dimensional flow? Explain one case with recharge. 17.In a homogenous isotropic confined aquifer of constant thickness 20 m, the effective porosity is 20% and permeability is 15 m/day. Two observation wells 1200 m apart indicate piezometric head of 5.4 m and 3.0 m respectively above mean sea level. Assuming uniform flow, average grain diameter of sand as 1mm a d kinematic viscosity of water as 0.01 x 10 –4 m 2 /sec state, i) Whether Darcy’s law is applicable ii) What is the average flow velocity in pores? 165
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UNIT-IV 17.List out the assumptions made in the Dupuit’s theory? 18.Explain with a neat sketch the steady state discharge of a well in an unconfined aquifer. 19.What are the different pumping tests? Explain one of them in detail. 20.A well with a radius of 0.5m penetrates completely a confined aquifer of thickness 40 m and permeability 30 m/day. The well is pumped so that the water level in the well remains at 7.5m below the original piezometric surface. Assuming that the radius of influence is 500m,compute the steady state discharge from the well? 21.Determine the yield from a 30 cm diameter well under a draw down of 10 m in the well. If the radius of influence and hydraulic conductivity are 150 m and 5.0 m/day respectively. The aquifer is unconfined with a thickness of 60 m.
UNIT-V 28.Write down the Theis equation for the unsteady radial flow into a well in a confined aquifer. Explain each term in the equation. 29.What do you understand by data curve, type curve and matching? 30.Explain the Chow’s method of determining the aquifer parameters using the pumping test data. 31.Explain with a neat sketch the Cooper Jacob method of determining the aquifer parameters. 32.How do you compare the results of the aquifer parameters obtained from Theis, Cooper and Jacob and Chow’s methods? 33.A well fully penetrating a confined aquifer is pumped at a uniform rate of 2500 lpm. The drawdowns in an observation well situated 60 m away are given in table below. Using Jacob’s methods determine the formation constants. Time since pumping 1 begin (min) Draw down (m) 0.20
2
4
6
10
18
30
60
100
150
240
0.30
0.41
0.48
.0.56
.66
.75
0.86
0.95
1.03
1.10
34.A well is pumped at the constant rate of 0.004 m 3 /sec. A match of the well function (u verses W (u) with draw down verses time data from an observation well located at a distance of 430m from the pumped well has produced the following matching values: u=1,W9u)=1,s=1 and r2/t = 2055 m2/minute. Calculate the transmissivity and storativity of the aquifer.
UNIT-VI 35.What does a tube mean well? What are their types? Describe the most widely used type of tube well with a neat sketch 36.With the help of a neat sketch explain the working of a submersible pump. 37.Explain well completion after drilling a tube well. 38What are the benefits accruing from the conjunctive use of water?
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UNIT-VII 39.Explain the seismic refraction method for groundwater exploration. 40.Write a note on types of logging.
UNIT-VIII 41.What is artificial recharge of groundwater? List the hydro geological conditions favorable for artificial recharge. 42.What is groundwater budget?
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06CVL67 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LAB
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SYLLABUS Subject Code: 06CVL67 IA Marks: 25
Hours / Week: 03 Total Hours: 42
1. Tests for determination of specific gravity and moisture content.
3 hrs.
2. Grain size analysis of soil sample (sieve analysis).
3 hrs.
3. In situ density by core cutter and sand replacement methods.
3 hrs.
4. Consistency Limits – Liquid Limit (Casagrande and Cone Penetration Methods), plastic limit and shrinkage limit.
6 hrs.
5. Standard Proctor Compaction Test and Modified Proctor Compaction Test. 6. Coefficient of permeability by constant head and variable head methods. 7. Strength Tests a) Unconfined Compression Test 3 hrs. b) Direct Shear Test 3 hrs. c) Triaxial Compression Test (undrained) 3 hrs. 8. Consolidation Test- Determination of compression index and coefficient of consolidation. 3 hrs. 9. Laboratory vane shear test 3 hrs. 10. Determination of CBR value
3 hrs.
11. a) Demonstration of miscellaneous equipments such as Augers, Samplers, Rapid Moisture meter, Proctor’s needle. b) Demonstration of Hydrometer Test. c) Demonstration of Free Swell Index and Swell Pressure Test d) Demonstration of determination of relative density of sands. 3 hrs. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Lambe T.W., “Soil Testing for Engineers”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Head K.H., (1986), “Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing”, Vol. I, II, III, Princeton Press, London. 3. Bowles J.E. (1988), “Engineering Properties of Soil and Their Measurements”, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. 4. BIS Codes of Practice: IS 2720(Part-3/Sec. 1) – 1987; IS 2720 (Part – 2)-1973; IS 2720 (Part – 4) – 1985; IS 2720 (Part – 5) – 1985; IS 2720 (Part –6) – 1972; IS 2720 (Part – 7) – 1980; IS 2720 (Part – 8) – 1983; IS 2720 (Part – 17) – 1986; IS 2720 (Part - 10) – 1973; IS 2720 (Part – 13) – 1986; IS2720 (Part 11) – 1971; IS2720 (Part 15) – 1986; IS 2720 (Part 30) – 1987; IS 2720 (Part 14) – 1977; IS 2720 (Part – 14) – 1983; IS 2720 (Part –28) – 1974; IS 2720 (Part – 29) – 1966, IS 2720 (Part-60) 1965. 173
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LESSON PLAN Subject: Geotechnical Engineering Lab Subject Code: 06CVL67 IA Marks: 25 S.No.
Hours / Week: 03 Total Hours: 42
Name of Practical
1
Tests for determination of specific gravity and moisture content.
2
Grain size analysis of soil sample (sieve analysis).
3
In situ density by core cutter and sand replacement methods.
4
Consistency Limits – Liquid Limit (Casagrande and Cone Penetration Methods), plastic limit and shrinkage limit.
5
Standard Proctor Compaction Test and Modified Proctor Compaction Test.
6
Coefficient of permeability by constant head and variable head methods.
7
8
Strength Tests a) Unconfined Compression Test b) Direct Shear Test c) Triaxial Compression Test (undrained) Consolidation Test- Determination of compression index and coefficient of consolidation.
9
Laboratory vane shear test
10
Determination of CBR value
11
a) Demonstration of miscellaneous equipments such as Augers, Samplers, Rapid Moisture meter, Proctor’s needle. b) Demonstration of Hydrometer Test. c) Demonstration of Free Swell Index and Swell Pressure Test d) Demonstration of determination of relative density of sands
174
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
06CVL68 EXTENSIVE SURVEY VIVA VOCE
175
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS Subject Code: 06CVL68 IA Marks: 25
Hours / Week: 03 Total Hours: 42
An extensive survey training involving investigation and design of the following projects is to be conducted for 2 weeks (14 days). The student shall submit a project report consisting of designs and drawings. 1. General instructions, Reconnaissance of the sites and fly levelling to establish bench marks. 2. NEW TANK PROJECTS: The work shall consist of i) Alignment of center line of the proposed bund, Longitudinal and cross sections of the center line. ii) Capacity surveys. iii) Details at Waste weir and sluice points. iv) Canal alignment. NOTE: 1) For at least one of the above four works, Total Station should be used. 2) Design of waste weir and canal to be prepared. 3. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PROJECT: Examination of sources of water supply, Calculation of quantity of water required based on existing and projected population. Preparation of village map by any suitable method of surveying (like plane tabling), location of sites for ground level and overhead tanks underground drainage system surveys for laying the sewers. 4. HIGHWAY PROJECT: Preliminary and detailed investigations to align a new road (min. 1 to 1.5 km stretch) between two obligatory points. The investigations shall consist of topographic surveying of strip of land for considering alternate routes and for final alignment. Report should justify the selected alignment with details of all geometric designs for traffic and design speed assumed. Drawing shall include key plan initial alignment, final alignment, longitudinal section along final alignment, typical cross sections of road. 5. TRIANGULATION SURVEY: Field work to include base line measurement, observations to three stations and one satellite station. Note : All relevant drawings to be prepared using AUTO CAD. 176
MVJCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
THIRD YEAR COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN Subject: Extensive Survey Viva Voce Subject Code: 06CVL68 IA Marks: 25 S.No. 1
2
Hours / Week: 03 Total Hours: 42
Name of Practical General instructions, Reconnaissance of the sites and fly levelling to establish bench marks. NEW TANK PROJECTS: The work shall consist of i) Alignment of center line of the proposed bund, Longitudinal and cross sections of the center line. ii) Capacity surveys. iii) Details at Waste weir and sluice points. iv) Canal alignment. NOTE: 1) For at least one of the above four works, Total Station should be used. 2) Design of waste weir and canal to be prepared.
3
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PROJECT: Examination of sources of water supply, Calculation of quantity of water required based on existing and projected population. Preparation of village map by any suitable method of surveying (like plane tabling), location of sites for ground level and overhead tanks underground drainage system surveys for laying the sewers.
4
HIGHWAY PROJECT: Preliminary and detailed investigations to align a new road (min. 1 to 1.5 km stretch) between two obligatory points. The investigations shall consist of topographic surveying of strip of land for considering alternate routes and for final alignment. Report should justify the selected alignment with details of all geometric designs for traffic and design speed assumed. Drawing shall include key plan initial alignment, final alignment, longitudinal section along final alignment, typical cross sections of road.
5
TRIANGULATION SURVEY: Fieldwork to include base line measurement, observations to three stations and one satellite station.
177
MVJCE
