Two-year MA ENGLISH Model Paper Admit Pass No. Name

Signature of the Candidate

Signature of the Invigilator

Instructions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Write your Admit Pass number wherever boxes are provided. Write your name in the box above. Answer each question in the space provided on the booklet. The paper carries a maximum of 100 marks. The test booklet has 4 sections (A, B, C and D). You have two hours and thirty minutes to complete the test.

(For office use) Section

Max. Marks

A

25

B

25

C

25

D

25

Total

100

Marks Awarded

Admit Pass No. Section A (25 marks) I Read the following short story and answer the questions that follow?

A Horseman in the Sky One sunny afternoon in the autumn of the year 1861 a soldier lay in clump of laurel by the side of a road in western Virginia. He lay at full length upon his stomach, his feet resting upon the toes, his head upon the left forearm. His extended right hand loosely grasped his rifle. But for the somewhat methodical disposition of his limbs and a slight rhythmic movement of the cartridge-box at the back of his belt he might have been thought to be dead. He was asleep at his post of duty. But if detected he would be dead shortly afterward, death being the just and legal penalty of his crime. The clump of laurel in which the criminal lay was in the angle of a road which after ascending southward a steep acclivity to that point turned sharply to the west, running along the summit for perhaps one hundred yards. There it turned southward again and went zigzagging downward through the forest. At the salient of that second angle was a large flat rock, jutting out northward, overlooking the deep valley from which the road ascended. The rock capped a high cliff; a stone dropped from its outer edge would have fallen sheer downward one thousand feet to the tops of the pines. The angle where the soldier lay was on another spur of the same cliff. Had he been awake he would have commanded a view, not only of the short arm of the road and the jutting rock, but of the entire profile of the cliff below it. It might well have made him giddy to look. The country was wooded everywhere except at the bottom of the valley to the northward, where there was a small natural meadow, through which flowed a stream scarcely visible from the valley's rim. This open ground looked hardly larger than an ordinary door-yard, but was really several acres in extent. Its green was more vivid than that of the enclosing forest. Away beyond it rose a line of giant cliffs similar to those upon which we are supposed to stand in our survey of the savage scene, and through which the road had somehow made its climb to the summit. The configuration of the valley, indeed, was such that from this point of observation it seemed entirely shut in, and one could but have wondered how the road which found a way out of it had found a way into it, and whence came and whither went the waters of the stream that parted the meadow more than a thousand feet below. No country is so wild and difficult but men will make it a theatre of war; concealed in the forest at the bottom of that military rat-trap, in which half a hundred men in possession of the exits might have starved an army to submission, lay five regiments of Federal infantry. They had marched all the previous day and night and were resting. At nightfall they would take to the road again, climb to the place where their unfaithful sentinel now slept, and descending the other slope of the ridge fall upon a camp of the enemy at about midnight. Their hope was to surprise it, for the road led to the rear of it. In case of failure, their position would be perilous in the extreme; and fall they surely would should accident or vigilance apprise the enemy of the movement. ******* The sleeping sentinel in the clump of laurel was a young Virginian named Carter Druse. He was the son of wealthy parents, an only child, and had known such ease and cultivation and high living as wealth and taste were able to command in the mountain country of western Virginia. His home was but a few miles from where he now lay. One morning he had risen from the breakfast-table and said, quietly but gravely: “Father, a Union regiment has arrived at Grafton. I am going to join it.” The father lifted his leonine head, looked at the son a moment in silence, and replied: “Well, go, sir, and whatever may occur do what you conceive to be your duty. Virginia, to which you are a traitor, must get on without you. Should we both live to the end of the war, we will speak further of the matter. Your mother, as the physician has informed you, is in a most critical condition; at the best she

cannot be with us longer than a few weeks, but that time is precious. It would be better not to disturb her.” So Carter Druse, bowing reverently to his father, who returned the salute with a stately courtesy that masked a breaking heart, left the home of his childhood to go soldiering. By conscience and courage, by deeds of devotion and daring, he soon commended himself to his fellows and his officers; and it was to these qualities and to some knowledge of the country that he owed his selection for his present perilous duty at the extreme outpost. Nevertheless, fatigue had been stronger than resolution and he had fallen asleep. What good or bad angel came in a dream to rouse him from his state of crime, who shall say? Without a movement, without a sound, in the profound silence and the languor of the late afternoon, some invisible messenger of fate touched with unsealing finger the eyes of his consciousness - whispered into the ear of his spirit the mysterious awakening word which no human lips ever have spoken, no human memory ever has recalled. He quietly raised his forehead from his arm and looked between the masking stems of the laurels, instinctively closing his right hand about the stock of his rifle. His first feeling was a keen artistic delight. On a colossal pedestal, the cliff,-motionless at the extreme edge of the capping rock and sharply outlined against the sky,-was an equestrian statue of impressive dignity. The figure of the man sat the figure of the horse, straight and soldierly, but with the repose of a Grecian god carved in the marble which limits the suggestion of activity. The gray costume harmonized with its aerial background; the metal of accoutrement and caparison was softened and subdued by the shadow; the animal's skin had no points of high light. A carbine strikingly foreshortened lay across the pommel of the saddle, kept in place by the right hand grasping it at the "grip;" the left hand, holding the bridle rein, was invisible. In silhouette against the sky the profile of the horse was cut with the sharpness of a cameo; it looked across the heights of air to the confronting cliffs beyond. The face of the rider, turned slightly away, showed only an outline of temple and beard; he was looking downward to the bottom of the valley. Magnified by its lift against the sky and by the soldier's testifying sense of the formidableness of a near enemy the group appeared of heroic, almost colossal, size. For an instant Druse had a strange, half-defined feeling that he had slept to the end of the war and was looking upon a noble work of art reared upon that eminence to commemorate the deeds of an heroic past of which he had been an inglorious part. The feeling was dispelled by a slight movement of the group: the horse, without moving its feet, had drawn its body slightly backward from the verge; the man remained immobile as before. Broad awake and keenly alive to the significance of the situation, Druse now brought the butt of his rifle against his cheek by cautiously pushing the barrel forward through the bushes, cocked the piece, and glancing through the sights covered a vital spot of the horseman's breast. A touch upon the trigger and all would have been well with Carter Druse. At that instant the horseman turned his head and looked in the direction of his concealed foeman -seemed to look into his very face, into his eyes, into his brave, compassionate heart. Is it then so terrible to kill an enemy in war - an enemy who has surprised a secret vital to the safety of one's self and comrades - an enemy more formidable for his knowledge than all his army for its numbers? Carter Druse grew pale; he shook in every limb, turned faint, and saw the statuesque group before him as black figures, rising, falling, moving unsteadily in arcs of circles in a fiery sky. His hand fell away from his weapon, his head slowly dropped until his face rested on the leaves in which he lay. This courageous gentleman and hardy soldier was near swooning from intensity of emotion. It was not for long; in another moment his face was raised from earth, his hands resumed their places on the rifle, his forefinger sought the trigger; mind, heart, and eyes were clear, conscience and reason sound. He could not hope to capture that enemy; to alarm him would but send him dashing to his camp with his fatal news. The duty of the soldier was plain: the man must be shot dead from ambush without warning, without a moment's spiritual preparation, with never so much as an unspoken prayer, he must be sent to his account. But no-there is a hope; he may have discovered nothing perhaps he is but admiring the sublimity of the landscape. If permitted, he may turn and ride

carelessly away in the direction whence he came. Surely it will be possible to judge at the instant of his withdrawing whether he knows. It may well be that his fixity of attention-Druse turned his head and looked through the deeps of air downward, as from the surface to the bottom of a translucent sea. He saw creeping across the green meadow a sinuous line of figures of men and horses -some foolish commander was permitting the soldiers of his escort to water their beasts in the open, in plain view from a dozen summits! Druse withdrew his eyes from the valley and fixed them again upon the group of man and horse in the sky, and again it was through the sights of his rifle. But this time his aim was at the horse. In his memory, as if they were a divine mandate, rang the words of his father at their parting: “Whatever may occur, do what you conceive to be your duty.” He was calm now. His teeth were firmly but not rigidly closed; his nerves were as tranquil as a sleeping babe's - not a tremor affected any muscle of his body; his breathing, until suspended in the act of taking aim, was regular and slow. Duty had conquered; the spirit had said to the body: “Peace, be still.” He fired. ******* An officer of the Federal force, who in a spirit of adventure or in quest of knowledge had left the hidden bivouac in the valley, and with aimless feet had made his way to the lower edge of a small open space near the foot of the cliff, was considering what he had to gain by pushing his exploration further. At a distance of a quarter-mile before him, but apparently at a stone's throw, rose from its fringe of pines the gigantic face of rock, towering to so great a height above him that it made him giddy to look up to where its edge cut a sharp, rugged line against the sky. It presented a clean, vertical profile against a background of blue sky to a point half the way down, and of distant hills, hardly less blue, thence to the tops of the trees at its base. Lifting his eyes to the dizzy altitude of its summit the officer saw an astonishing sight-a man on horseback riding down into the valley through the air! Straight upright sat the rider, in military fashion, with a firm seat in the saddle, a strong clutch upon the rein to hold his charger from too impetuous a plunge. From his bare head his long hair streamed upward, waving like a plume. His hands were concealed in the cloud of the horse's lifted mane. The animal's-body was as level as if every hoof-stroke encountered the resistant earth. Its motions were those of a wild gallop, but even as the officer looked they ceased, with all the legs thrown sharply forward as in the act of alighting from a leap. But this was a flight! Filled with amazement and terror by this apparition of a horseman in the sky - half believing himself the chosen scribe of some new Apocalypse, the officer was overcome by the intensity of his emotions; his legs failed him and he fell. Almost at the same Instant he heard a crashing sound in the trees - a sound that died without an echo - and all was still. The officer rose to his feet, trembling. The familiar sensation of an abraded shin recalled his dazed faculties. Pulling himself together he ran rapidly obliquely away from the cliff to a point distant from its foot; thereabout he expected to find his man; and thereabout he naturally failed. In the fleeting instant of his vision his imagination had been so wrought upon by the apparent grace and ease and intention of the marvelous performance that it did not occur to him that the line of march of aerial cavalry is directly downward, and that he could find the objects of his search at the very foot of the cliff. A half-hour later he returned to camp. This officer was a wise man; he knew better than to tell an incredible truth. He said nothing of what he had seen. But when the commander asked him if in his scout he had learned anything of advantage to the expedition he answered: “Yes, sir; there is no road leading down into this valley from the southward. The commander, knowing better, smiled. ******* After firing his shot, Private Carter Druse reloaded his rifle and resumed his watch. Ten minutes had hardly passed when a Federal sergeant crept cautiously to him on hands and knees. Druse neither

turned his head nor looked at him, but lay without motion or sign of recognition. “Did you fire?” the sergeant whispered. “Yes.” “At what?” “A horse. It was standing on yonder rock - pretty far out. You see it is no longer there. It went over the cliff.” The man’s face was white, but he showed no other sign of emotion. Having answered, he turned away his eyes and said no more. The sergeant did not understand. “See here, Druse,” he said, after a moment's silence, “it’s no use making a mystery. I order you to report. Was there anybody on the horse?” “Yes.” “Well?” “My father.” The sergeant rose to his feet and walked away. “Good God!” he said. Choose the most appropriate answer from the four options given below. [5×2=10 marks] 1. Which of the following is a motif in the given short story? A. B. C. D.

The motif of the lone sentry The motif of unrequited love The motif of youthful immaturity The motif of the self-made man

2. What is the irony implied in the repeated use of the word “enemy”? A. B. C. D.

The protagonist is a traitor. Close relations can be enemies in war. One cannot distinguish between a friend and an enemy in the difficult terrain. The enemy is within the regiment.

3. What information can you deduce from the conversation between the father and the son? A. B. C. D.

The father and the son have different loyalties in the war. The mother is critically ill. The father and the son will not openly articulate their differences. All the above

4. From the historical information given, which of the following do you think forms the background of the story? A. B. C. D.

Vietnam War World War I World War II American Civil War

5. What does the phrase “the chosen scribe of some new Apocalypse” mean here? A. B. C. D.

The one destined to be the chronicler of a disastrous event The victim of a catastrophe The prophet of the end of the world The leader at a historic moment

Choose the most appropriate answer from the four options given below. [5×1=5 marks] 6. Why would the protagonist be awarded death penalty? A. B. C. D.

For having defected to the other side in the war For being a conscientious objector For being asleep on duty For having deserted his unit

7. Where is the short story set? A. B. C. D.

In Eastern Virginia In Western Virginia In South Carolina In North Carolina

8. What is described as “a noble work of art” in the passage? A. B. C. D.

The act of war The horse and the horseman silhouetted against the sky Loyalty to a noble cause The picturesque terrain

9. “Whatever may occur, do what you conceive to be your duty”. Who says these words? A. B. C. D.

Private Carter Druse The father The commander The sergeant

10. Who had Private Carter Druse fired at? A. B. C. D.

A sergeant His commanding officer His father His horse

II Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.

The Clear Day Sunlight gathers in the leaves, dripping 1 Invisible syrups. Long afternoons Have been reduced to this significant Table, melodious ice cubes shaken in A blue tumbler, lazily tipped vermouth 5 And a hand measuring it, a propped elbow, A languid eye, while a reflection on A leaf turns into everything called summer. The heat haze ripples through the far away Gardens of strangers, acquaintances, of those 10 I can put a face to. With my eyes shut, Squeezing the soft salts of their sweat, I see Beyond my body, nerves, cells, brain, and leisure.

Blue coastal persons walk out of the haze. They have outflown the wind, outswum the sea. I think, and feel, and do, but do not know All that I am, all that I have been, once, Or what I could be could I think of it. These blue pedestrians bruise the edge of me To a benign remorse, with my lessons. With my eyes shut, I walk through a wet maze Following a thread of sounds – birdsong in Several cadences, children, a dog-bark, The traffic roaring against silence as A struck match drowns it out, simple tunes of An amateur pianist, a vulgar shout, A bottle tapped against a thirsty glass, The burst of its pouring, and the slip When the chilled glass wets a wet lower lip. I could not guess at what the pictures are In the eyes of a friend turned round to watch Shrub shadows dapple a few yards of lawn As his smoke clings to his thoughtful posture. Tonight, I shall look out at the dark trees, Writing this in the muddle of lost tenses At an o’clock of flowers turned colourless. Then, as always, the soul plays over mind With radiantly painful speculations. I shall sieve through our twenty years, until I almost reach the sob in the intellect, The truth that waits for me with its loud grief, Sensible, commonplace, beyond understanding.

15

20

25

30

35

40

Choose the most appropriate answer from the four options given below.

[5×2=10 marks]

11. The imagery in the poem is predominantly A. B. C. D.

elegiac. satiric. modern. symbolic.

12. The word ‘clear’ in the title “The Clear Day” refers to A. I see / Beyond my body, nerves, cells, brain and leisure. B. I think, and feel, and do, but do not know All that I am, all that I have been, once. C. I shall look out at the dark trees, / Writing this in the muddle of lost tenses D. The truth that waits for me with its loud grief, / Sensible, commonplace, beyond understanding.

13. “[B]ird song in / Several cadences, children, a dog-bark, / The traffic roaring against silence . . . simple tunes of / An amateur pianist, a vulgar shout,/may be described as A. B. C. D.

pathetic fallacy. objective correlative . metaphor. negative capability.

14. The phrase ‘[A] thirsty glass’ in line 27 is a A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. transferred epithet D. hyperbole 15. The poet makes use of ‘catachresis’ in the following images: A. B. C. D.

melodious ice cubes, loud grief dark trees, lost tenses A blue tumbler, blue coastal persons, blue pedestrians I think, and feel, and do, but do not know.

Admit Pass No. Section B (25 marks) Read passages A, B, and C attentively, and choose the most appropriate answer for each of the questions that follow. PASSAGE A A few months ago, the husband and I got to travel to Australia’s beautiful but remote Kimberley region. We were huddled around a campfire with Australia’s finest (which is to say, retirees with lots of time and money), exchanging some lively banter, when my husband leaned across to me and whispered, “This is a miracle. There’s a campfire and no one is singing or playing Antakshari!” “Sshh…” I said, “Someone might hear you!” Now, my husband and I are two very different animals, but we have a shared horror of the Indian habit of publicly bursting into song at the slightest provocation, and forcing others to do so as well. For me, it brings back some awful childhood memories. You see, in the Madras of the ’80s, a Tambrahm girl could choose any hobby so long as it was Carnatic music. “Sarasu, until where your daughter has come in Paattu class di?” was a common question at gatherings. My mother would bravely venture something like, “Actually she is not going to Paattu class, she is more interested in poetry.” At this, the assorted maamis would arch an unthreaded eyebrow. My mother, sensing some dangerous lowering of our reputation, would try a last-minute save with “Her poem is in the school magazine!”, but they would just cluck and nod in sympathy. And then, without missing a beat, they would talk about their Akhilandeswari or Sundari who could identify fifteen raagas even before she had started on solids. In due course, the pressure got to the family, so I was dispatched to a local class, where I could drown my voice in the chorus and escape any scrutiny–except, of course at Navratri time. Navratri has always been my favourite festival, but my memories are a bit mixed. Firstly, it seemed very unfair that, after wearing my nice silk paavadai, I wasn’t actually going anywhere exciting like, maybe Woodlands Drive-In. Instead, I was to traipse around to various neighbours’ houses and be made a victim of the singing & sundal scam. For the uninitiated, this involves random maamis doing an aiyyo-chubby-cheeks routine on you and announcing that, unless you sing, you won’t get any sundal (that typical South Indian chickpea salad). Having no other choice, I would loudly belt out a number. As I reached the upper notes, the maami’s faces would drop and they would glance in despair at the heavens above. Even the maama of the house, who seemed to have no other duties than to lounge around drinking coffee, would peer out from behind his newspaper to see whose child it was that had been so overlooked by the Gods. At the end of the exercise, I would be rewarded for my pains with nothing more than a packet of flatulence-inducing sundal, a miniature comb, a mirror, and a growing realization of the unfairness of the world. I took these embarrassments to heart as a child and spent many days plotting my revenge on those who made me sing. I would call them to my house for Navratri and make them all do algebra, I thought, rubbing my hands in glee. Or push-ups. I was pretty sure that the maamas couldn’t do pushups. That would teach them. Sadly, the trauma did not stop with childhood. I discovered, to my chagrin, that, whenever there are more than three and a half adult Indians assembled in a confined space, one of them will suggest Antakshari, or, worse, solo singing. Now, I love listening to people sing, especially if they are good singers. But I don’t understand why I have to join in as well. It’s all a conspiracy, I tell you. The

singers of the country have hatched this plan to embarrass the hell out of simple bathroom singers like myself. There we were, content with our innocent fantasies, our tunelessness drowned out by the sound of the spluttering tap water, our weak vocals amplified by the tiled walls until there emerged something like a song. But, alas, time after time, we are forced to exhibit our lack of talent, to demonstrate in public that we cannot carry a tune even if it were given to us in a bucket. So when someone asked on Facebook: “What is a good film song for someone who has a horrible voice? I’m going on a holiday with my friends and will need to sing,” I commented almost immediately: “Avoid these people like the pox. Those who force their friends to sing in public may have other bad habits.” [Adapted from “Singing and the Sundal Scam,” by Suchi Govindarajan] 1.

The narrator and her husband have a ‘shared horror’ of A. B. C. D.

2.

What ‘awful childhood memories’ does the narrator share with us? A. B. C. D.

3.

Of elders who punished her for not doing well at school Of classmates who made fun of her singing during the music class Of relatives pressurizing her to learn singing against her will Of parents forcing her to participate in religious festivals despite her belief in secularism

Which of the following was not a regular part of the narrator’s Navratri experience?

A. B. C. D. 4.

wild animals in the beautiful but remote regions of Australia. bad Indian singers who shamelessly start crooning loudly even in foreign countries. the popular but problematic form of Indian entertainment called Antakshari. the popular but problematic Indian expectation that everyone must sing at all social gatherings.

She was given new silk clothes which she liked. She was taken to Woodlands Drive-In restaurant for a nice traditional meal. She visited the houses of various neighbours and was given small gifts if she sang. She imagined taking revenge by making elders do difficult and unpleasant chores.

Based on what the narrator tells us, which of the following statements is correct?

A. She dislikes music and therefore detests all singers. B. She hates good singers who try to promote the hidden musical talent of ordinary people. C. She dislikes people who try to force others to perform uncomfortable acts in public. D. She hates her parents and relatives for not sending her to a good teacher. 5.

Based on what the narrator tells us, which of the following statements is correct?

A. She is in awe of Australia’s finest because of their great talent and achievements. B. She believes that Akhilandeswari and Sundari deserve to be in the Guinness Book of Records. C. She is not in awe of the goodies given to kids who sang during Navratri. D. She believes that a good bathroom singer can be a good party singer.

6.

Based on what the narrator tells us, which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Her relatives were impressed that her poem was published in the school magazine. B. She dislikes social networking sites as much as she dislikes public singing. C. Tambrahm girls in Madras in the 1980s could only “choose” Carnatic music as their hobby. D. One of her uncles noticed that God had gifted her with a melodious voice. [6 x 1 = 6 marks] PASSAGE B The parliamentary consultative committee on health has recommended mandatory rural service by medical graduates. This is not the first time that such a call has been made. The shortage of doctors in the country’s rural areas has been an issue for decades and there have been periodic suggestions, such as imposing mandatory rural service on medical graduates, to tackle the issue. The parliamentary committee also reiterated that the Bachelor in Rural Health Care (BRHC) course should be introduced to overcome the shortfall of doctors in rural areas. This again has been a source of much debate over the past few years. And yet doctors continue to avoid rural practice. Nearly four years ago, the union health ministry then led by Anbumani Ramadoss had suggested that medical graduates wanting to do postgraduate courses should compulsorily undergo a year’s rural posting. The ministry had even appointed a committee to look into the pros and cons of the idea, but no one knows what the committee’s recommendations were and what the follow-up, if any, was. Now the ministry has made the same proposal and also said that the doctors’ salaries would be doubled. In the past, suggestions such as starting medical colleges in semirural areas, setting aside seats for applicants from rural areas, and devising community placement programmes failed to dilute the attraction that urban practice holds for doctors. It is not hard to fathom why this is so. In itself a rural practice is considered socially inferior to an urban one. Add to this the abysmal housing and working conditions, and an absence of resources required to sharpen technological skills on the job and there is a situation designed to keep not just medical students but even doctors away. The completion of the MBBS course entails five years including one year internship, followed by three years for the MD degree. The mandatory rural posting will mean a total “student” period of nine years. The entrance exams for postgraduate courses are so competitive that students use the internship period to prepare for these exams. This means that the objectives of the internship – the main ones being learning to deal with patients and practising clinical skills – are hardly adhered to. The mandatory rural posting is seen as another obstacle placed in the career path of the student. The crux of the problem lies in the perception that medical practice is a lucrative enterprise. This arises from the commercialization of medical education and the need to “earn back” the “investment” made. Medical training in India is hardly known for teaching future doctors how to deal with situations where resources are scarce and the health problems immense. To assume that students who pay obscene amounts of money to get into medical colleges will suddenly emerge acknowledging their “debt” to the poor and the marginalized is unrealistic. With increasing privatization of healthcare and medical tourism, it is not surprising that medical students do not see rural practice as helping their career graph. As for the BRHC course – seen as a throwback to the Licentiate Medical Practitioners (LMP) scheme of the pre-independence era – there are a number of problems plaguing this proposal too. First, this is seen as discriminating against rural patients since it is a three and half-year course with training in district hospitals. Considering that even urban medical colleges face a severe faculty crunch, how will these institutes in rural areas manage? The professionals, doctors trained in ayurveda, siddha, unani and homeopathy (AYUSH) oppose the BRHC as they say it will make them near-redundant. These doctors (an estimated 7,50,000) have demanded that they should be given six months of training in

allopathic medicine and the BRHC proposal should be scrapped. At one public protest, they said that they were compelled to take up the AYUSH streams because they could not pay the huge sums demanded by private allopathic colleges. The majority of medical colleges are in the southern and western parts of the country, with a much smaller number in the north and north-east. Health activists say that the government should open medical colleges in these areas. Other suggestions offered include training community health assistants and equipping them with information and communication technology tools to access specialist and expert consultation. Ensuring that there are enough doctors in rural areas must be part of a larger plan that includes all such steps. The problem cannot be tackled simply by making occasional announcements or introducing cosmetic changes. [Adapted from ‘Doctors in Rural India,’ Economic and Political Weekly, 23 July 2011] 7.

The parliamentary consultative committee recommended that A. B. C. D.

8.

According to the writer, the problem of rural healthcare can be solved if A. B. C. D.

9.

all medical graduates be sent to work in villages as part of their training. a special training course for paramedical staff should be devised to provide rural healthcare. Both A and B above Neither A nor B above

rural service for doctors is made compulsory. doctors willing to serve in villages are paid twice the salary. Both A and B above Neither A nor B above

Which of the following is not mentioned by the writer as a reason for doctors preferring to work in the cities? A. B. C. D.

Low quality infrastructure and working conditions in the villages The large number of people from socially inferior castes in the villages Impossibility of learning the use of sophisticated medical equipment in the villages Pressure to prepare for competitive postgraduate courses that are necessary for their career

10. Which of the following is not mentioned by the writer as a problem with the BRHC course? A. B. C. D.

It is perceived as discriminating against rural patients since it involves less training. It is opposed by doctors trained in ayurveda, unani, siddha, and homoeopathy. It is an outdated course introduced by the colonial British rulers before 1947. The government is unlikely to find enough teachers to run this course in the villages.

11. On the basis of this passage, which of the following statements is incorrect? A. When it was written, the proposal for compulsory rural service for medical graduates was hardly new. B. When it was written, the union minister for health was Anbumany Ramadoss. C. The writer does not know what steps had been taken on earlier similar recommendations. D. The writer does not believe that health problems in villages will be solved even if the specific recommendations made by the parliamentary consultative committee are implemented.

12. Which of the following is not mentioned by the writer as a reason contributing to the failure of rural healthcare in India? A. The perception that medical practice in India is primarily about making lots of money. B. Government policies that have resulted in healthcare in India largely becoming a competitive business in private hands. C. The vast majority of Indians are superstitious villagers who trust traditional healers more than trained doctors. D. The vast majority of medical training centres are concentrated in urban areas, especially in southern and western India. 13. Which of the following steps is not seen as necessary by the writer in tackling the problem of rural healthcare in India more effectively?

A. Opening more medical colleges in central and eastern India. B. Providing paramedical training for local health assistants at the village level. C. Expanding telephone and internet services to connect village health centres to experts in the cities. D. Introducing courses in cosmetics and medical tourism as there is a rising demand for these even in the villages [7x1 = 7 marks] PASSAGE C Two rather different ways of conceptualizing ‘culture’ can be drawn out of the many suggestive formulations in Raymond Williams’s Long Revolution. The first relates ‘culture’ to the sum of the available descriptions through which societies make sense of and reflect their common experiences. ‘Culture’ no longer consists of the sum of the ‘best that has been thought and said,’ regarded as the summits of an achieved civilization—that ideal of perfection to which, in earlier usage, all aspired. Even ‘art’—assigned in the earlier framework a privileged position, as touchstone of the highest values of civilization—is now redefined as only one, special, form of a general social process: the giving and taking of meanings, and the slow development of ‘common’ meanings—a common culture: ‘culture,’ in this special sense, ‘is ordinary’ (to borrow the title of one of Williams’s earliest attempts to make his general position more widely accessible). If even the highest, most refined of descriptions offered in works of literature are also ‘part of the general process which creates conventions and institutions, through which the meanings that are valued by the community are shared and made active,’ then there is no way in which this process can be hived off or distinguished or set apart from the other practices of the historical process: ‘The art is there, as an activity, with the production, the trading, the politics, the raising of families. To study the relations adequately we must study them actively, seeing all activities as particular and contemporary forms of human energy.’ If this first emphasis takes up and re-works the connotation of the term ‘culture’ with the domain of ‘ideas,’ the second emphasis is more deliberately anthropological, and emphasizes that aspect of ‘culture’ which refers to social practices. It is from this second emphasis that the somewhat simplified definition—‘culture is a whole way of life’—has been rather too neatly abstracted. The important point in the argument rests on the active and indissoluble relationships between elements or social practices normally separated out. It is in this context that the ‘theory of culture’ is defined as ‘the study of relationships between elements in a whole way of life.’ ‘Culture’ is not a practice; nor is it simply the descriptive sum of the ‘mores and folkways’ of societies—as it tended to become in certain kinds of anthropology. It is threaded through all social practices, and is the sum of their interrelationship. The question of what is studied, and how, resolves itself: ‘culture’ is those patterns of organization, those characteristic forms of human energy which can be discovered as revealing themselves—in ‘unexpected identities and correspondences’ as well as in ‘discontinuities of an unexpected kind’—within or underlying all social practices. The analysis of culture begins with ‘the

discovery of patterns of a characteristic kind,’ not in the art, production, trading, politics, the raising of families, treated as separate activities, but through ‘studying a general organization in a particular example.’ The purpose of the analysis is to grasp how the interactions between these practices and patterns are lived and experienced as a whole, in any particular period. This is its ‘structure of feeling.’ It is easier to see what Williams was getting at, and why he was pushed along this path, if we understand what were the problems he addressed, and what pitfalls he was trying to avoid. There is a clear engagement with the ‘idealist’ and ‘civilizing’ definitions of culture—both the equation of ‘culture’ with ideas, in the idealist tradition; and the assimilation of culture to an ideal, prevalent in the elitist terms of the ‘cultural debate.’ But there is also a more extended engagement with certain kinds of Marxism, against which Williams’s definitions are consciously pitched. He is arguing against the literal operations of the base/superstructure metaphor, which in classical Marxism ascribed the domain of ideas and of meanings to the ‘superstructures,’ themselves conceived as merely reflective of and determined in some simple fashion by ‘the base’; without a social effectivity of their own. That is to say, his argument is constructed against a vulgar materialism and an economic reductionism. He offers, instead, a radical interactionism: in effect, the interaction of all practices in and with one another, skirting the problem of determinacy. The distinctions between practices are overcome by seeing them all as variant forms of praxis—of a general human activity and energy. [Adapted from ‘Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms’ by Stuart Hall] 14. Which of the following is closest to Raymond Williams’s conception of culture?

A. The sum total of the best that has been thought and said all over the world B. Achievements in art (both canonical and popular) that are touchstones of true human values C. The combination of ideas and ideals that leads to holistic civilization D. None of the above 15. Raymond Williams might consider both Mark Twain and J. K. Rowling as ‘ordinary’ because

A. B. C. D.

they do not embody the highest standards of artistic achievement. they wrote about everyday events that common people enjoy reading about. they are rather mediocre writers despite their commercial success and popularity. None of the above

16. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the primary argument of this passage?

A. A novel is as ordinary as a pen or a table—they are all the same as they are mere commodities. B. A novel is special because it—unlike a mere pen or table—is a product of the human spirit. C. A novel is ordinary in a unique sense: it too participates in the making and sharing of ideas within society, but not in the same way as a pen or a table. D. A novel is special because of its extraordinary interest in ordinary people—who require inexpensive pens or tables just as they require affordable entertainment. 17. According to Williams, what is the ‘culture’ that ought to be studied (as part of Cultural Studies)?

A. Manufacturing, trading, raising of families, publishing—instead of works of art B. The unique practices of the ordinary working masses—instead of the dominant classes C. The interaction between specific social practices that are in complementary or conflicting relationships with each other—instead of preferring and studying one set of practices over others D. The analysis of the independent role of the ideological or superstructural institutions—instead of examining economic or material practices 18. Which of the following statements accurately reflects Stuart Hall’s view of the theoretical innovations made by Raymond Williams in The Long Revolution?

A. Williams avoids taking the elite seriously because they confuse ‘ideas’ with ‘ideals’. B. Williams avoids taking the working class seriously because they confuse ‘base’ with ‘superstructure’ . C. Williams rejects all Marxist conceptions of society because he believes that it is the superstructure that determines the base. D. Williams seeks to demonstrate the ‘interaction’ between various social elements, but avoids discussing how (and which) historical factors ‘determine’ the prevailing social practices. 19. How does Raymond Williams attempt to study social practices?

A. B. C. D.

By combining idealism with materialism By focusing on vital activities and beliefs that interact to form a structure of feeling By studying how various human societies across history made use of energy sources All of the above [6x2 = 12 marks]

Admit Pass No. SECTION C (25 Marks) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. [1] Any serious educational theory must consist of two parts: a conception of the ends of life, and a science of psychological dynamics, i.e. of the laws of mental change. This conception, the purpose of education, has a definition which is partly individual, partly social. It consists, in the individual, of both intellectual and moral qualities: a certain minimum of general knowledge, technical skill in one's own profession, and a habit of forming opinions on evidence, impartiality, kindliness, and a modicum of self-control. In communities, civilization demands respect for law, justice as between man and man, purposes not involving permanent injury to any section of the human race, and intelligent adaptation of means to ends. If these are to be the purpose of education, it is a question for the science of psychology to consider what can be done towards realizing them, and, in particular, what degree of freedom is likely to prove most effective. [2] On the question of freedom in education there are at present three main schools of thought. There are those who say that children should be completely free, however bad they may be; there are those who say they should be completely subject to authority, however good they may be; and there are those who say they should be free, but in spite of freedom they should be always good. Children, like adults, will not all be virtuous if they are all free. Those who believe that liberty will ensure moral perfection think that education should have no positive purpose, but should merely offer an environment suitable for spontaneous development. We live in communities which require co-operation, and it would be utopian to expect all the necessary co-operation to result from spontaneous impulse. Education, viewed from a social standpoint, must be something more positive than a mere opportunity for growth. It must, of course, provide this, but it must also provide a mental and moral equipment which children cannot acquire entirely for themselves. [3] The arguments in favour of a great degree of freedom in education are derived not from man's natural goodness, but from the effects of authority, both on those who suffer it and on those who exercise it. Those who are subject to authority become either submissive or rebellious, and each attitude has its drawbacks. [4] The submissive lose initiative, both in thought and action; moreover, the anger generated by the feeling of being thwarted tends to find an outlet in bullying those who are weaker. That is why tyrannical institutions are self-perpetuating: what a man has suffered from his father he inflicts upon his son. Thus an unduly authoritative education turns pupils into timid tyrants, incapable of either claiming or tolerating originality in word or deed. [5] Rebels, on the other hand, though they may be necessary, can hardly be just to what exists. Moreover, there are many ways of rebelling, and only a small minority of these are wise. Galileo was a rebel and was wise; believers in the flat-earth theory are equally rebels, but are foolish. There is a great danger in the tendency to suppose that opposition to authority is essentially meritorious and that unconventional opinions are bound to be correct. Yet this excessive rebelliousness is often the effect that too much authority has on spirited pupils. [6] What is wanted is neither submissiveness nor rebellion, but good nature, and general friendliness both to people and to new ideas. If the young are to grow into friendly adults, it is necessary that they should feel that their environment is friendly. This requires that there

should be a certain sympathy with the child's important desires. And, in teaching, every attempt should be made to cause the pupil to feel that it is worth his while to know what is being taught. When the pupil co-operates willingly, he learns twice as fast and with half the fatigue. All these are valid reasons for a very great degree of freedom. [7] It is easy, however, to carry the argument too far. It is not desirable that children, in avoiding the vices of the slave, should acquire those of the aristocrat. Consideration for others, not only in great matters, but also in little everyday things, is an essential element in civilization. I am not thinking of mere forms of politeness. I am thinking rather of willingness to take a fair share of necessary work, to be obliging in small ways. Consideration for others does not, with most children, arise spontaneously, but has to be taught, and can hardly be taught except by the exercise of authority. [8] I do not think that educators have yet solved the problem of combining the desirable forms of freedom with the necessary minimum of moral training. Children who have been driven wild by parental tyranny may require a longer or shorter period of complete liberty before they can view any adult without suspicion. But children who have been sensibly handled at home can bear to be checked in minor ways, so long as they feel that they are being helped in the ways that they themselves regard as important. Adults can achieve a great deal in the way of discipline without ceasing to be regarded with friendly feelings by their pupils. [9] I think modern educational theorists are inclined to attach too much importance to the negative virtue of not interfering with children, and too little to the positive merit of enjoying their company. If you have the sort of liking for children that many people have for horses or dogs, they will be apt to respond to your suggestions, and to accept prohibitions, perhaps with some good-humoured grumbling, but without resentment. The desirable sort of interest is that which consists in spontaneous pleasure in the presence of children, without any ulterior purpose. Teachers who have this quality will seldom need to interfere with children's freedom, but will be able to do so, when necessary, without causing psychological damage. Questions 1–10: Each question is followed by 4 answer options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct option and shade the correct letter on your answer sheet. Questions 1-7 carry 1 mark each. 1. The main idea of the essay is that children will grow into balanced adults if A. they grow up in a friendly environment free of any rules. B. they are disciplined in a friendly yet authoritative manner. C. they are subject to complete authority no matter how good they are. D. they have complete freedom even though they may be very bad. 2. To be able to live in a community, we need to have A. education. B. freedom. C. co-operation. D. discipline.

3. The sentence ‘tyrannical institutions are self-perpetuating’ in para 4 means that A. schools are places where bullies are made. B. teachers tend to become sadistic disciplinarians. C. institutions create frustrated and angry people. D. people who have been bullied become bullies. 4. The phrase ‘timid tyrants’ in para 4 refers to people who A. bully others in small but harmless ways. B. bully all those who are weaker than them. C. are bullied and bully those weaker than them. D. are bullies who cannot appreciate new ideas. 5. The sentence ‘Galileo was a rebel and was wise’ in para 5 means that A. he had unconventional opinions but found ways to express them. B. he expressed his opinions even if it meant disobeying the authorities. C. he hated authority but never expressed his opinions in public. D. he expressed only those opinions that did not get him into trouble. 6. According to the author, the purpose of education is to create A. considerate individuals tolerant of new ideas and people. B. an atmosphere of complete freedom in which people can grow. C. a community based on consideration for others. D. people who can accept authority without questioning it. 7. According to the author the main aim of education should be a balanced combination of A. advancing one’s personal views and exercising one’s freedom over other people in the society. B. perusing individual intellectual goals and practicing technical skills to excel professionally. C. developing skills to live life and understanding psychological needs of one another in a society. D. practicing self control in dealing with people and gaining knowledge on how to live life. 8. In education, the idea of practicing and imparting knowledge on the concept of freedom has emerged from observations about _____________. [2 marks] A. human beings and their attitude to life in general B. people who exercise control and those who are subject to control C. people who are rebellious and do not know the reason for rebelling D. children who are not brought up with liberal values

9. Which of the following statements in NOT TRUE? [2 marks] A. Consideration for fellow human beings is not an inherent quality in children. B. Submissive individuals tend to view life in a positive light and are successful in life. C. Most of the people who protest against authority are seldom logical or convincing. D. Children who have authoritative parents cannot easily accept their parents as friends. 10. According to the text, good teachers _____________. Hence, they can motivate children to become good human beings without curbing their freedom. [2 marks] A. are non-authoritative B. encourage rebellious children C. are empathetic and fun-loving D. love the company of children Questions 11–13: In each of the following three incomplete paragraphs (S1 to S4), two sentences (S2 and S3) are missing. From the options (P, Q, R) choose two sentences which can be S2 and S3. [3x2=6 marks] Example:

S1.

The Egyptians had great faith in the power of the cat to protect them from evil.

S2.

________________________________________________________________

S3.

________________________________________________________________

S4.

This was done to ensure that the soul of the dead person was protected on its journey through the spirit world. P. These decorated their homes and were buried with the dead. Q. Hundreds of cat mummies are arranged neatly on shelves. R. They made small ornaments and charms representing cats and various other cat deities. A. RP B. RQ C. QP D. QR

Answer:

A. RP

11. S1. Australian scientists have found the skeleton of a “giant wombat” that lived 2 million years ago. S2. ______________________________________________________ S3.______________________________________________________ S4. The specimen will be taken to Riversleigh Fossil Centre where it will be displayed.

P. The plant eating marsupial roamed throughout Australia about 50,000 years ago. Q. This is the first time that a complete skeleton of the animal has been discovered. R. Its bones were found on a farm in Queensland. A. PR

B. RQ

C. QP

D. RP

12. S1. Private schools of the pre-independence era educated children of privileged families. S2. _______________________________________________________ S3._______________________________________________________ S4.

This was visible in the increased enrolment across all demographic profiles. P. Post-independence, democracy universalised education. Q. Free India’s first bureaucrats and administrators were shaped by these institutions. R. There was an exodus of the middle class from government to private schools. A. PQ

13. S1.

B. QR

C. QP

D. PR

Being cheerful may protect against heart problems, say experts.

S2. _____________________________________________________________ S3. _____________________________________________________________ S4.

They have found that factors like optimism, life satisfaction, and happiness are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. P. Many studies have been conducted to see whether psychological wellbeing and cardiovascular health are related. Q. While such people may be generally healthier, scientists think a sense of well-being may lower risk factors such as high blood pressure and cholesterol. R. Happy, optimistic people have a lower risk of heart disease and stroke suggests a review of more than 200 studies. A. QR

B. RP

C. RQ

D. PR

Questions 14-16. Given below are THREE six-sentence paragraphs. S1 and S6 are given. Reorder the remaining four sentences P, Q, R, and S to complete the paragraph. [3x2 = 6 marks] S1 The cover of each volume of The Hardy Boys states that the author of the series is Franklin W. Dixon; the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories are supposedly written by Carolyn Keene. P A ghostwriter writes a book based on an outline of the plot and setting given by the publisher. Q Over the years, though, many fans of both series have been surprised to find out that Franklin W. Dixon and Carolyn Keene are not real people. R The Hardy Boys and the Nancy Drew books were actually written through a process called ghostwriting. S While ghostwriters are paid for writing the books, their authorship is not acknowledged, and their names do not appear on the published books. S6

The first ghostwriter for the Hardy Boys series was a Canadian journalist named Leslie McFarlane, and for the Nancy Drew books, a young writer from Iowa, Mildred A. Wirt. A. PQRS

15.

S1

S6

S1

C. RQPS

D. QRPS

The question of parental involvement in schools is a relatively modern phenomenon. P Nowadays, parents see themselves as providing the finances for schools, and as financiers, they are demanding a say in what happens in the schools. Q While this arrangement was widely respected, it is no longer a model for educational arrangements today. R In the past, parents sent their children to school and largely left it to the school to educate them as it saw fit. S To accommodate this desire for parental involvement, many schools have created parent-teacher bodies and have brought parents onto the school’s Board of Governors. These moves have gone some way towards giving parents a role in the schools, but there is more that could be achieved. A. PQRS

16.

B. QSPR

B. QRSP

C. RQPS

D. RSQP

It is easy to make a delicious-looking hamburger. But would this hamburger still look delicious after six or seven hours under very bright lights? P This is a question that fast food companies worry about when they produce

commercials or print ads for their products. Q The buns, the tomatoes and the lettuce are coated with glycerin to keep them looking fresh, the sesame seeds are stuck on the buns with glue, and the grill marks on the meat patty are painted on. R To avoid this, fast food commercials use items which are not actually edible. S Video and photo shoots last many hours, and the lights can be extremely hot, making the food look quite unappealing to potential consumers. S6

So the next time you see a delectable hamburger in a fast food commercial, remember: you’re actually looking at glue, paint, and glycerin! A. PQRS

B. SPRQ

C. PRSQ

D. RSQP

Admit Pass No. SECTION D (25 Marks)

Q1 to Q10: Tick (√) the correct answer. Q1.

glare: light :: A. B. C. D.

Q2.

lurk: wait :: A. B. C. D.

Q3 .

index: catalogue abstract: dissertation glossary: text abbreviation: footnote

muffled: sound :: A. B. C. D.

Q5.

topple: stabilize swerve: turn announce: declare abscond: depart

legend: map :: A. B. C. D.

Q4.

crescendo : music friction: heat cacophony: sound aroma: smell

aggravate: pain muted: colour archaic: diction effortless : expression

host: parasite :: A. B. C. D.

egg : bird medium : bacterium meadow: soil kernel : seed

Q6 to Q10: Tick (√) the odd one. Q6.

(A) Salsa

(B) Ballet

(C) Tango

Q7.

(A) memoir

(B) abattoir

(C) reservoir (D) choir

Q8.

(A) useless

(B) worthless (C) priceless (D) valueless (E) aimless

Q9.

(A) put up

(B) cope up

(C) make up

(D) Ballad

(E) Waltz (E) repertoire

(D) shape up (E) come up

Q 10. (A) furnitures

(B) locations (C) stations

(D) lectures

(E) sentences

Q11 to Q 15: Read the following short passage and tick (√) the appropriate choice. Passage 1 (Q11-12): Leave EFL-U at gate no.2. Follow that road (Tarnaka Road) for two kilometers. After that, one kilometer to the right, you will pass a small shopping center on your left. At the next set of traffic lights, turn right onto Habsiguda. Erik’s house is the third house on your left. It is number 33, and it’s white with green trim. Q11. What is Erik’s address? A. EFL-U B. 2 Tarnaka Road C. 13 Sitaphalmandi D. 33 Habsiguda Q 12. Which is closest to Erik’s house? A. B. C. D.

The traffic lights The shopping center Gate no.2 A green house

Passage 2 (Q13): Please be prepared to give your presentation on the monthly sales figures at our upcoming staff meeting. In addition to the accurate accounting of expenditure for the monthly sales, be ready to discuss possible reasons for fluctuations as well as possible trends in future customer spending. Thank you. Q 13. The main focus of the presentation will be on A. monthly expenditures B. monthly salary figures C. monthly sales figures D. staff meeting presentations Passage 3 (Q14-15): Anna Szewcyzk, perhaps the most popular broadcaster in the new media today, won the 1998 Broadcasting Award. She got her start in journalism as an editor at the Hollsville Country Times in Missouri. Following graduation, she was able to begin her career as a local newscaster with WPSU-TV in Seattle, Washington, and rapidly advanced to national television. Noted for her quick wit and trenchant commentary, her name has since become synonymous with Good Day, America! Accepting the award at the National Convention of Broadcast Journalism held in Chicago, Ms. Szewcyzk remarked, “I am so honored by this award that I’m at a total loss for words!” Who would ever have believed it?

Q14. The expression “to become synonymous with” means A. to be the same as. B. to be the opposite of. C. to be in sympathy with. D. to be discharged from. Q15. What was Ms. Szewczyk’s first job in journalism? A. She was a T.V. announcer in Washington. B. She Was a newscaster in Oregon. C. She was an editor for a newspaper in Missouri. D. She was a talk show host in Chicago. Q16. What is the missing letter in this series? f g e h d I c ? A. b B. k

C. j D. a

Q17. Tick the correct answer x > 0 and

A= 5x and

B= 5/x

A. A is greater B. A and B are equal

C. B is greater D. The relationship cannot be determined.

Q18. What number replaces the question mark?

6

7

B. 2

C. 1

D. 3

4

3

6

1

8

2

2

6

2

9

?

1

2 8

A. 0

5

3

3 2 1 0

1

Q19. What number comes inside the triangle?

5

3

11

6

8

Q20.

4

9

?

1

A. 5

B. 8

C. 10

D.13

5

2

6

Which letter replaces the question mark? A

J

N

C

A. P

B. F

C. R

D.Q

G

K

E

I

?

Q 21 to Q 25: Tick (√) the correct answer. Q 21. Which of the diagrams indicates the relationship between Men, Fathers, and Engineers?

A.

C.

Q22.

B.

D.

Here are some words translated from an artificial language.

lelibroon means yellow hat plekafroti means flower garden frotimix means garden salad Which word could mean “yellow flower”?

A. lelifroti B. plekabroon Q23.

C. lelipleka D. frotibroon

Here are some words translated from an artificial language.

slar means jump slary means jumping slarend means jumped Which word could mean “playing”? A. clargslarend B. ellaclarg

C. clargy D. Slarmont

Q24. The Pacific yew is an evergreen tree that grows in the Northwest. It has a fleshy , poisonous fruit. Recently, taxol, a substance found in the bark of the Pacific yew, was discovered to be a promising new anticancer drug. Tick the correct answer.

A. B. C. D.

Taxol is poisonous when taken by healthy people. Taxol has cured people from various diseases. People should not eat the fruit of the Pacific yew. The Pacific yew was considered worthless until taxol was discovered.

Q25. Statement: Of all radio sets manufactured in India, ‘X’ brand has the largest sale.

Assumptions: I. II.

The sale of all the radio sets manufactured in India is known. The manufacturing of no other radio set in India is as large as ‘X’ brand. A. B. C. D.

Only assumption I is implicit Only assumption II is implicit Neither I nor II is implicit Both I and II are implicit