Meaningfulness of Sounds Publisher : Universal Theory Research Centre D-9 Lal Bahadur Nagar East, J L N Marg, Jaipur (Rajasthan) INDIA Author

: Pramod Kumar Agrawal

Mail

: [email protected]

Web

: www.soundmeanings.com

Page

: Multicolour printing with 256 pages, paperbound

ISBN

: 978-81-920373-1-8

Year

: 2016

Language : English Copyright : All rights reserved with the author

Summary of the book

1.0 Introduction All animals including humans convey their messages by various modes of communication, such as gestures (different types of body movements), facial expressions, colour changes, bioluminescent communications, smells, infrared thermal radiations, seismic communications, electric signalling, emissions of light, and vocalizations (sounds). Each mode is made of a large number of signals. These signals are capable of evolving an individual language. We have sound language, smell language, body language, facial expression language etc. All these languages have capability to convey a common psychological message. For example, the sound of /n/ and a specific facial expression, both signals can convey the same psychological message of ‘negation’. An animal can bark (sound language) or leave specific smell (smell language) to express the common psychological message of ‘territorial protection’. A visual (ghost) can be converted into sound (cry) within common psychological messaging of ‘fear’. In this way different modes of communications can be correlated with a bridge of a common psychological feeling. The theory establishes the relationship between different sounds and their psychological feelings. All humans belong to the same species and hence inherit common physical sound - psychological feel relationships; that is why we all can understand one another. The psychological expressions of crying, laughing, and weeping can be understood without learning any language. We have a wide range of psychological feelings, which are evaluated in terms of intellectual meanings. The evolved intellectual meanings are selected arbitrarily but within the scope of the psychological feelings given by nature. It forms the root of a language. The period of evolution of languages is 30000 to 70000 years back from today, when there was no language, and humans themselves were converting from animal to human and communicating using different natural modes (including facial expression, gestures, and vocalization). Sound was one of them. The natural process of formation of words is very simple. An observer observes an object. The visuals are perceived in the form of a sequence of psychological feelings. Phonosemantics (the natural converter) provides appropriate phonemes to these different psychological feelings, and the sequence of feelings is converted into appropriate sequence of phonemes (or sounds). The sequence of those phonemes is called a word. For example, a group of people was passing through a forest. On their way, their movement was restricted by a ‘pond’ or a ‘wet place’. The sequence of psychological feelings will be; “clarity in acceptability of restriction in moving further”. According to phonosemantics, we have ‘clarity’ = /g/, ‘acceptability’ = /ɒ/, and ‘restriction’ = /b/. In all they named it /bɒg/ (clarity of acceptability of restriction). As on today, the phenomenon seems to be a bit difficult, because we already have a known word ‘bog’ for ‘pond’ or ‘wet place’. Formation of languages depends on the following seven factors: (1) Phonosemantics (meaningfulness of every sound). (2) Biological needs (geographical situation, food, act and sex) (3) Biological availability (vocal and listening organs, environment). (4) Psychological needs (fear, desire, loneliness, ego satisfaction etc.). (5) Psychological availability (ego, courage, faith, religion, and social values). (6) Intellectual needs (curiosity, purpose). (7) Intellectual availability (education, notions).

As regards animals of the same species, the first five factors are the same. That is why “the overwhelming majority of animals are born knowing how to speak their species’s language. It doesn’t really matter where those animals are born or raised, because their speech seems to be mostly imprinted in their genetic code”. As regards animals of different species, we have differences in factors from 2 to 5, but factor 1 (phonosemantics) remains unchanged. A goat may not understand the psychological message of a lion’s roaring. But the evolution of fear cannot be denied. The evolution of fear because of roaring sound is due to phonosemantics which is applicable to all entities including a goat, a lion, and a human. As regards humans, we have differences in factors from 2 to 7, which is the reason for difference in languages.

2.0 Conversion of physical signals into psychological feelings 2.1 Structure of unitary code The theory suggests that we have a common structure of any existence available in the universe. We are calling it as unitary code. This code can be used to understand the activity of any existence including physical, biological, psychological and intellectual existences. We can use this code to convert the physical sound to psychological feelings. We have provided the code for consonant bellow. The code is made of five basic indeclinable chests, named: bright star, dark star, dark hole, bright hole, and stimulator (these names are arbitrarily adopted). Each signal received from the physical world is disintegration in four parts and each part is stored in the first four indeclinable chests. These disintegrated parts are: dissimilarities, vibrations, support, and vision. As long as the signals are kept departed in the respective indeclinable chests, the signals are inexpressible. 2.2 Expression of signals The signals are kept memorized in the four chests in the form of dissimilarities, vibrations, support, and vision. These are kept in the biological format of our brain. Because of the fifth chests named ‘stimulator’ provides ‘sense’ and ‘time’ to the four chests and interaction starts. Out of the four chests, the data available in every two successive chests interact and create an expressible ingredient of the ‘psychological perception’. In all, we have four plus one, five ingredients of psychological perception. For the purpose of sounds, we have divided the ‘expressions’ in eight parts. (1) Ability to offer the appearance (dental sounds) – Interaction between ‘dissimilarities’ and ‘vibrations’ creates ‘appearance’ of the image, which is denoted by a group of sounds (t̪ t̪ ʰ d̪ d̪ʱ n). (2) Ability to accept within the identity (bilabial sounds) - Interaction between ‘vision’ and ‘support’ creates ‘identity’ of the image, which is denoted by a group of sounds (p pʰ b bʱ m). (3) Ability to analyse the clarity (velar sounds) - Interaction between ‘dissimilarities’ and ‘vision’ creates ‘clarity’ of the image, which is denoted by a group of sounds (k kʰ g gʱ ŋ). (4) Ability to derive the strength (post alveolar sounds) - Interaction between ‘vibrations’ and ‘support’ creates ‘strength’ of the image, which is denoted by a group of sounds (ʧ ʧʰ ʤ ʤʱ ɲ). (5) Ability to occupy the flow (retroflex sounds) – Interaction of ‘dissimilarities’, ‘vibrations’, ‘support’, and ‘vision’ with the ‘activation’ create flow in image, which is denoted by the group of sounds s ‘strength’ of the image, which is denoted by a group of sounds (ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖʱ ɳ). (6) Ability to express in physical – In case of outflow expressions, the psychological expressions are converted into biological perceptions, which is again converted into physical expression. This physical expression has four parts. (A) Physical availability of clarity, symbolized by /s/, is received as ‘sense’ for the lower (physical) world. (B) Physical availability of strength, symbolized by /ʃ/, is

received as ‘time’ for the lower (physical) world. (C) Physical availability of flow is received by the lower world as physical interaction, and is symbolized by /s̪ /, and is received as ‘pervasion’ for the lower world. As soon as the act of outflow is completed, the cycle of activation is finally absorbed by the lower world, symbolized by /h/. (7) Consonants made from vowels - /ǝ/ is denoted as ‘existence without existent’. If a vowel is superimposed (not supported) on /ǝ/, it will be converted into a consonant. We have four consonants, which are made of vowels. These are: (1) Visibility without force /ɪ+ǝ=j/, (2) Force without visibility /ʊ+ǝ=ʋ/. (3) Available expansion /Ɩ+ǝ=l/, (4) Acquiring concentration /ɻ+ǝ=r/. The vowels /Ɩ/ and /ɻ/ are available in Devanagari only. (8) Composite and other consonants - Apart from these basic consonants, we have aspirated consonants, composite consonants, which we are not discussing here.

3.0 Flow of physical signal into psychological feelings The existence is made of five parts: matter, space, sense, time, and stimulation. Due to the stimulation, the matter uses the sense and tine to form the psychological expression in the form of consonants. In the same way the ‘space’ forms the vowels. We have five types of spaces. (1) Viewable space - ‘Bright star (expansion visibility)’ and ‘bright hole (shrinkage visibility)’ evolve ‘visibility without force’, symbolized by front vowels. (ɪ i e ɛ æ) (2) Force space – ‘Dark star (expansion force)’ and ‘dark hole (shrinkage force)’ evolve ‘force without visibility, symbolized by back vowels. (ʊ u o ɔ ɒ) (3) Expanding space – ‘Bright star (expansion visibility)’ and ‘dark star (expansion force)’ evolve expanding space, symbolized by (ſ ) (a Devanagari vowel). (4) Shrinking space – ‘bright hole (shrinkage visibility)’ and ‘dark hole (shrinkage force)’ evolve shrinking space, symbolized by (ɻ) (a Devanagari vowel) (5) Open holding space - The empty open space of existence, offers data to store and is symbolized by symbol (ǝ a ɜ).

4.0 Semantic Values of IPA Sounds All the unvoiced sounds denote the present, voiced sounds denote the past, and the nasal sounds denote the future. The ‘visibility without force’ is denoted by a front vowel, ‘force without visibility’ is denoted by back vowel, and ‘holding space’ is denoted by central vowels. On the basis of above theory, we are assigning the semantic values of all important IPA phonemes. 4.1 Group of offering appearance (dental sounds) (1) /t̪ /- present - towards offering the appearance (diversity; gesture; intensity) with ‘free display’ (sign; signal; shape); towards submitting; dispersal. (2) /d̪/ - past - offered appearance with ‘free display’; offered; submitted. (3) /n/ - future - unavailable appearance; emptiness; 'fullness of identity' in existent; eagerness to acquire; capability to acquire; manliness; act of making acquire. (4) /θ/- present - towards submitting expressible established shape; expressing the /t̪ ʰ/. (5) /ð/ - past - expressed/expressible submission of appearance; expressible submission. In the same way the book provides semantic values to all phonemes.

5.0 Semantic values of Phonesthemes Our theory suggests that the pragmatic meanings of the phonesthemes can be derived by joining the semantic values of the concerned phonemes. Phonestheme /fl/ can be explained by pairing the semantic values of /f/ and /l/.

6.0 Semantic values of ‘dhātu roop’ of vaidic grammar According to Indian mythology, ‘dhātu’ can be defined as the root and smallest part of a word, representing the basic explainable meaning. We can analyse the expression of all the ‘dhātus’ with the help of the theory. We have provided 104 ‘dhātus’ for example.

7.0 Experiment A ‘word’ has no direct relationship with its dictionary meaning. In fact the dictionary never shows a ‘meaning’ of the word. It only explains that ‘how the word is being used in practical life’. Please note that we cannot formulate the intellectual meanings attributed to sounds, because we have one more step in between, which is ‘psychological feeling (mental image)’. The theory explains the possible intellectual interpretation of psychological feeling at the time of perception. We have used the semantic values described above in different words, and found that the semantic values sufficiently explain the pragmatic meanings of the words. It proves the correctness of the semantic values allotted by the theory. We have provided number of English words, homonyms, words of the same object in different languages, words of other languages (20 languages), animal sounds, biological sounds, and physical sounds. Some of the words are as follows:agree /ə gri/ [to come to one opinion] - /gri/ exposing affirmation (clarified involvement) /ə/ existence; exposing affirmation by existence; /ə/ अिस्तत /gri/ अिभपुि� (स्प संिल�ता) को उजागर; अिस्तत क� अिभपुि� को उजागर.

avoid /ə vɔɪ d/ [to keep away from; to ignore] - /d/ kept /vɔɪ/ ignoring (visible acceptability as the invisible existence) /ə/ existence; kept as ignoring the existence; /ə/ अिस्तत /vɔɪ/ अनदेखी (अदृश् अिस्तत के �प म� �दखाई स्वीकायर्) /d/ �प म� रखा; अिस्तत को अनदेखी के �प म� रखा. brother /brʌ ðə r/ [a male sibling] - /r/ involvement /ðə/ expressed submission /brʌ/ inheritance (disclosing bonded involvement); involvement in expressed submission of inheritance; /brʌ/ िवरासत (बिन्ध संिल�ता का खुलासा) /ðə/ �� �स्तु /r/ संिल�ता; िवरासत को �� �स्तु करने म� संिल�ता. club /klʌ b/ [a group of persons] - /b/ bond /ʌ/ evolved /kl/ conscious expansion; bond in evolved conscious expansion; /klʌ/ िवकिसत सचेत िवस्तार/b/ बंधन; िवकिसत सचेत िवस्तार म� बंध. cop /kɒ p/ [police] - /p/ protection /kɒ/ acceptability of consciousness; protection with acceptability of consciousness; /kɒ/ चेतना क� स्वीकायर् /p/ सुरक्; चेतना क� स्वीकायर् के साथ सुरक्. enjoy /ɛ nʤɔ ɪ/ [to feel the joy; getting energy] - /ɪ/ manifest of /nʤɔ/ pleasure (actively acceptable availability of aliveness) in /ɛ/ visible availability; manifest of pleasure in visible availability; /ɛ/ दृश्यमा उपलब्धत /nʤɔ/ खुशी (जीवंतता के िलए स��य �प से स्वीकाय उपलब्धत) /ɪ/ �कट; दृश्यमा उपलब्धत म� खुशी �कट.

flag /flæ g/ [freely waving] - /g/ clarity /flæ/ of free waving (motion); clarity of visibility of free waving; /flæ/ मु� लहराने क� दृश्यत /g/ स्प�त; मु� लहराने क� दृश्यत क� स्प�त. flare /flɛər/ [sudden burst of flame] - /r/ involvement /ɛə/ visibly available existence /fl/ unrestricted spread (expanded availability); involvement of visible available flame (existence) in unrestricted spread; /fl/ अ�ितबंिधत �सार /ɛə/ दृश्यमा उपलब् लौ (अिस्तत) /r/ संिल�ता; अ�ितबंिधत �सार म� दृश्यमा उपलब् लौ क� संिल�ता.

ghost /goʊ st/ [a faint trace or possibility of something] - /st/ expressible occupation /goʊ/ illusion (in the hidden direction of clarity); expressible occupation of illusion; /goʊ/ �म (स्प�त के िछपे �दशा म�) /st/ �� �वृ�; �म का �� �वृ�. glass /glæs/ [a transparent object] - /s/ expression /glæ/ transparency (visibility of clear availability of light); expression of transparency; /glæ/ पारद�शता (�काश क� स्प उपलब्धत क� दृश्यत) /s/ अिभ�ि�; पारद�शता क� अिभ�ि�.

ink /ɪ ŋk/ [a fluid for writing] - /ŋk/ lively consciousness /ɪ/ visibility; lively consciousness in visibility; /ɪ/ दृश्यत /ŋk/ जीवंत चेतना; दृश्यत म� जीवंत चेतना. joy /ʤɔ ɪ/ [emotion of great delight; keen pleasure] - /ɪ/ visibility /ʤɔ/ acceptable availability of aliveness; visibility of acceptable availability of aliveness; /ʤɔ/ जीवंतता क� स्वीकायर् उपलब्ध /ɪ/ दृश्यत; जीवंतता क� स्वीकायर् उपलब् क� दृश्यत.

8.0 At last The book successfully explains the psychological interpretation of different sounds. The book suggested a model where all possible emotions are structured with the all basic sounds. It has also explained that how the psychological feelings are converted into intellectual meanings. The book successfully explains the flow of signals from physical format to intellectual format. A summarized theory of evolution of languages is also explained. The book resolves almost all the objections raised by different linguists all over the world. To explain the relationship between a sound and the meaning, the book explains as how the phonosemantics can be used to understand spectrograms, verb-roots,

phonesthemes, homonyms, words of the same object in different languages, words of 20 different languages, animal sound, and physical sounds. Almost all the aspects relating to the phonosemantics are included. The book is equipped with 55 coloured figured which are used to understand the theory more correctly.

CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Nature and Phonosemantics 1.2 Utility of Phonosemantics 1.3 Limitations of Phonosemantics

2.0 History of Phonosemantics 2.1 Summarized History 2.2 Reasons for being Unsuccessful 2.3 Objections from Linguists

3.0 Evolution of Languages 3.1 Historical Background 3.2 Introduction

3.3 Perception 3.4 Conversion Code 3.5 Development of Languages

4.0 Symbols of Sounds 4.1 International Phonetic Alphabet 4.2 Devanagari Alphabets 4.3 Digital Script (Spectrograms) – Properties of vowels and consonants are explained with the help of spectrograms.

5.0 Universal Theory of Phonosemantics 5.1 Multi-level Universe 5.2 Inclinable Chests 5.3 Formation of Message

6.0 Division of Sounds 6.1 Consonants Ability to offer appearance (t̪ t̪ ʰ d̪ d̪ʱ n), ability to acquire within identity (p pʰ b bʱ m), ability to analyse clarity (k kʰ g gʱ ŋ), ability to derive strength (ʧ ʧʰ ʤ ʤʱ ɲ), ability to occupy the flow (ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖʱ ɳ), ability to express physically (s ʃ s̪ h), consonants made from vowels (j r l ʋ), composite and other consonants.

6.2 Vowels Existing quantities (ǝ a ɜ), visibility without force (ɪ i e ɛ æ), force without visibility (ʊ u o ɔ ɒ), ability to shrink (ɻ), ability to expand (ſ ), desiring (nasal) available quantities (ʊ̃ ɪ̃ ǝ̃), physically available quantities (ǝʱ), composite and other vowels (œ ʌ ɤ ⅹ ϲ ø))

7.0 Semantic Representations 7.1 Division of phonemes 7.2 Semantics of phonemes t̪ t̪ ʰ d̪ d̪ʱ n θ ð p pʰ b bʱ m f ɸ k kʰ g gʱ ŋ q ɣ ʧ ʧʰ ʤ ʤʱ ɲ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖʱ ɳ ɽ ʂ ʐ ɽʱ s ʃ s̪ h ɦ z ʒ j l ʋ v ſ r w ɫ ǝ ɜ ɜː ɜːr ɪ i e ɛ æ ø y a aː ʊ u o oː ɔ ɔː ɒ ɑ ɑː ʌ ɻ Ɩ

Semantic values of all above sounds. Examples -

/p/ [प्] - towards acquiring (adopting; approving; allowing) identity (logic; bond; belief) with

condition (protection; support; secure; check; restriction; audit); approving; approvable existent; सशतर (संरक्, समथर्, सुरिक्, �ितबंध, परीक्) मंजूरी के साथ पहचान �ा� करने क� ओर; अनुमोदन.

/k/ [क् ] - towards analysing (clarifying; explaining) the clarity (accuracy; feature; details) with open consciousness; yet to be analysed; question mark; digesting (biologically); getting fear (towards clarifying for non-strength); attentive; खुली चेतना के साथ स्प�त (शु�ता; आकृ ित; िववरण) का िव�ेषण करने क� �दशा म�; िव�ेिषत अभी भी नह� है; �� िचह्; पचाना; डर (अश� स्प); चौकस.

7.3 Semantics of verb-roots (dhātu roop – vaidik grammar) It contains the explanations of 104 Verb-roots. Examples -

पा pā /pɑ/ [पीना; रक् करना; to drink; to protect] - /p/ acquiring/protecting /ɑ/ entity related {entity-related verb-root of acquiring/protecting; इकाई क� "�ा� / रक् करने संबंिधत ��या वाचक धातु”}.

अन् an /ǝn/ [�ास लेना; to breathe] - /ǝ/ existence /n/ fullness in acquisition related {acquirerelated verb-root of existence; अिस्तत के अिध�हण से संबंिधत ��या वाचक धातु”}.

7.4 Semantics of phonesthemes It contains the meanings of 124 phonesthemes. Examples -

/pr/ [pray; prove] - approving (approvable) involvement (concentration). /sk/ [skips; skin; scoot; ask] - expressible (expressed) consciousness. /fl/ [floats; flood; flame] - free (unprotected; unrestricted) expansion (movement; availability;

appearance).

8.0 Phonosemantic Dictionary 8.2 Dictionary of English words It contains the explanations of 421 English words. Examples -

abide /ə baɪ d/ [to accept the compulsion] - /d/ to remain /baɪ/ visible compulsion /ə/ existence; to remain in visible compulsion in existence; /ə/ अिस्तत /baɪ/ �त्य बाध्यत /d/ बने रहना; अिस्तत क� �त्य बाध्यत म� बने रहना. agree /ə gri/ [to come to one opinion] - /gri/ exposing affirmation (clarified involvement) /ə/ existence; exposing affirmation by existence; /ə/ अिस्तत /gri/ अिभपुि� (स्प संिल�ता) को उजागर; अिस्तत क� अिभपुि� को उजागर.

star /stɑ r/ [visible in the clear night sky] - /r/ involvement /stɑ/ expressible activation; involvement in expressible activation; /stɑ/ �� स��यण म� /r/ संिल�ता; �� स��यण म� संिल�ता.

8.3 Homonyms It contains the explanations of 43 homonyms. Examples -

aero /ɛəroʊ/ - /oʊ/ acceptable direction, forceful direction /r/ involvement, /ɛə/ indication; visibly available existence. ✪ arrow [sign indicating direction of moving or to be moved] - acceptably directed involvement in indication; संकेत म� स्वीकाय �प से �द� संिल�ता ✪ aero [pertaining to aeronautics] - forcefully directed involvement in air (visibly available existence); हवा (�त्यक् उपलब् अिस्तत) म�

�बलता से �द� संिल�ता.

dam /dæm/ - /m/ non approval, /dæ/ visibility of flow; activation. ✪ dam [holds back water] non approval of visibility of flow; �वाह क� दृश्यता के गैर अनुमोद; storing can be defined as "availability with unapproved flow"; भंडारण को "अननुमो�दत �वाह क� उपलब्धत" के �प म� प�रभािषत �कया जा सकता है ✪ damn [bad] - unapproved visibility of activation; स��यण क� अननुमो�दत दृश्यत.

8.4 Words for same objects in different languages

It contains the explanations of 24 objects in different languages. Example -

air (English) → /eə r/ - /r/ involvement /eə/ indication; involvement of indication; air just indicates; it is not visible; /eə/ संकेत /r/ संिल�ता; संकेत क� संिल�ता. air (French) → /ɛ ʀ/ - /ʀ/ involvement /ɛ/ outflow availability; involvement in outflow availability; /ɛ/ बिहवार् उपलब्धत /ʀ/ संिल�ता; बिहवार् उपलब्धत म� संिल�ता.

air (Hindi) → havā /hə ʋɑ/ - /ʋɑ/ hidden entity /hə/ physical existence; hidden entity of physical existence; /hə/ भौितक अिस्तत /ʋɑ/ िछपी इकाई; भौितक अिस्तत्व क� िछपी इक.

8.5 Words of other languages Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Galician, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, Sindhi, Slovene, Taba, Thai, Tukang besi, Turkish. It contains the explanations of 235 words of above languages. Examples -

Arabic -‫ دﻳﻦ‬/di jn/ [religion] - /jn/ observable action /di/ exposed past; observable action from exposed past; /di/ उजागर अतीत /jn/ अवलोकनीय कमर; संस्कार से अवलोकनीय कमर. Chinese -夫 /fu/ [husband] - /fu/ acceptance with unconditional approval / protection; acceptance with unconditional approval / protection; /fu/ शतर्रिह अनुमोदन / संरक् के साथ स्वीकृि; शतर्रिह अनुमोदन / संरक् के साथ स्वीकृि.

dfo /kǝ ʋɪ/

- /ʋɪ/ imagination (visibility of invisible existence) /kǝ/ consciousness; imagination in consciousness; /kǝ/ चेतना /ʋɪ/ कल्पन (अदृश् अिस्तत क� दृश्यत); चेतना म� कल्पन .

Hindi -

[poet]

8.6 Animal sounds It contains the explanations of sounds of 33 animals. Example -

alligators /ʤiʃnhɻ+/ [27] [hiss; फु फकारना - disapproval] - /ʤ/ power /i/ exposing /ʃ/ physical execution /nhɻ/ centralized refusal; powerful refusal; शि�शाली अस्वीकृि. ✪ /hɪs+/ - /h/ threat /ɪ/ visible /s/ expression; get away; दूर हो जाओ.

8.7 Biological sounds. 8.8 Physical sounds

9.0 Appendix 9.1 Glossary 9.2 Tables Pronunciation key-IPA, Diacritical-Devanagari-IPA key, Indeclinable chests, Phonosemantic key (consonants), Phonosemantic key (vowels), Details of figures.

9.3 Bibliography Index --------------------------------