The Booker T. Washington Style Manual Revised 2009

Bibliography Reminders 1. A bibliography is an alphabetical list of the sources used to write a research paper. 2. The author, title, and publication information MUST come from the title page or verso of the title page of the source. 3. If the author’s name includes junior or senior, follow this format: Last name of author, first name of author, Jr. ( Example: Rust, Arthur, Jr.) 4. If more than one city of publication is listed, chose the city closest to where you live within the U.S. 5. List only ONE city. Always list a city; if it is not well known, include the state with it. Never include a state without a city. 6. If more than one copyright date is given, select the most recent one. 7. If no copyright date is given, use the abbreviation n.d. (no date given.) 8. If no place of publication is given, use the abbreviation n.p. (no place of publication given) 9. When giving the volume number of an encyclopedia or magazine, do not include the word “volume” and do not include the word “page” or an abbreviation of the word page. 10. Always use the number, not the letter, for the volume of an encyclopedia. 11. A source is considered a book if it only has one volume. It is considered an encyclopedia if it has more than one volume. 12. Do not number the bibliography entries on the bibliography page. 13. Start typing at the fifth space (one tab key) from the margin on the second and additional lines of an entry. 14. Single space each bibliographic entry. Double space between the entries. 15. BIBLIOGRAPHY in all capital letters, centered, and one inch down from the top of the page should appear on the bibliography page. Skip three lines after that before beginning your first entry. 16. Do not number the bibliography page, and do not type the title again if the bibliography continues on a second page.

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SAMPLE BIBLIOGRAPHY CARD Book 17. 141 18. Moy 19. NYPL

20. Moyes,21. Norman B. Journalism. Lowell, MA: Ginn and 22. Company, 1986. 23. 24.

Type of Source (Abbreviate) Call Number Author’s Name (First 3 letters of last name) Library (NYPL for New York Public, BTW for Booker T. library)

Symbol or Code to use on each research card.

SAMPLE RESEARCH CARD Page #

Topic/ Heading Notes in your own words. Anything taken directly from the source should have quotation marks around it to avoid plagiarizing.

Use the code that corresponds to the source’s bibliography card. 2

EXAMPLES OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES BOOKS/ PAMPHLETS ONE AUTHOR Author’s last name, author’s first name. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, Copyright date. EXAMPLE: Reynolds, Michael S. The Sun Also Rises: A Novel of the Twenties. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1998.

BOOKS/ PAMPHLETS TWO AUTHORS First author’s last name, first author’s first name and second author’s first and then last name. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, Copyright date. EXAMPLE: Johnson, David and James Clark. Ernest Hemingway. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1985.

BOOKS/PAMPHLETS THREE OR MORE AUTHORS First author’s last name, first author’s first name, et.al. Title of book. City of Publication: Publisher, Copyright date. EXAMPLE: Evans, Mary, et.al. Ernest Hemingway. Boston: Prentice- Hall, Inc., 1991.

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BOOKS/PAMPHLETS EDITOR, NO AUTHOR Editor’s last name, editor’s first name, ed. Title of book. City of Publication: Publisher, Copyright Date. EXAMPLE: Green, Michael, ed. Ernest Hemingway. Boston Prentice- Hall, Inc., 1991.

UNSIGNED MAGAZINE ARTICLE “Title of article,” Magazine Title. Volume: Page Number(s).

Date of Issue.

EXAMPLE: “The Big Score,” Newsweek. 104:46-51. September 6, 1999.

SIGNED MAGAZINE ARTICLE Author’s last name, author’s first name. “Title of Article,” Magazine Title. Volume: Page Number(s). Date of Issue. EXAMPLE: McDonnell, T.P. “Hemingway Reconsidered,” National Review. 37: 46-48. May 20, 1985.

SIGNED NEWSPAPER ARTICLE Author’s last name, author’s first name. “Title of article,” Newspaper Title. Section page number(s). Date of Issue. EXAMPLE Mellow, James R. “A Life Without Consequences,” The New York Times. C5. November 2, 1992.

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UNSIGNED NEWSPAPER ARTICLE “Title of Article,” Newspaper Title. Section Page Number(s).

Date of issue.

EXAMPLE: “Hemingway Immortalizes San Fermin,” The New York Times. D23. July 15, 1977.

SIGNED ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE (Name usually appears at the end of the article) Author’s last name, author’s first name. “Entry Title,” Title of Encyclopedia, Copyright Date, Volume, Page number(s). EXAMPLE: Young, Philip. “Hemingway, Ernest,” The New 1980, 8, 757-758.

Encyclopedia Britannica,

UNSIGNED ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE “Entry Title,” Title of Encyclopedia, Copyright Date, Volume, Page(s). EXAMPLE: “Hemingway, Ernest,” The New Grolier Encyclopedia,

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1990, 7, 864.

ALMANACS “Title of Entry,” Title of Almanac Year. City of Publication: Publisher, Copyright Date. EXAMPLE: “Noted Personalities—Writers,” The World Almanac 1994. Mahwah, New Jersey: Funk and Wagnalls Corporation, 1993.

REPRINTS (SIRS) Author’s last name, Author’s first name. “Title of article,” Title of newspaper or magazine. Section or volume (done like magazine and newspaper articles cited above). Date of Issue. Reprinted in SIRS, “Title of Volume,” vol. #. Place of Publication: Publisher, Copyright Date. EXAMPLE: Graetz, Wendy. “Teens Who Drink: The Way They See It,” The Boston Globe. A21-23. July 11, 1982. Reprinted in SIRS, “Alcohol,” vol. 3. Boca Raton, Florida: Social Issue Resources Series, 1983.

INTERVIEWS Last name of person interviewed, first name of person. interview. Date of interview.

Profession. Type of

EXAMPLE: Johnson, Robert L. Author. Telephone interview. October 25, 1995.

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POLLS Last name of person taking poll, first name of person. Title of poll. Place poll taken: Date of poll. EXAMPLE: Smith, Jane. The Popularity of Hemingway’s Work. Kawameeh Middle School, Union, New Jersey: September 26, 1998.

CD-ROM (ENCYCLOPEDIA) Author’s last name, author’s first name. “Entry Title,” Title of Product. If available, edition or version. CD-ROM. City of Publication: Publisher, Copyright date. EXAMPLE: Smith, John. “Hemingway, Ernest,” Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Ver. 3.0. CD-ROM. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1998.

CD-ROM (MAGAZINE ARTICLE) Author’s last name, first name. “Title of article,” Magazine Title. Volume: Page number(s). Date of Issue. Available on index date of disk. CD-ROM. EXAMPLE: Gest, Ted. “A House Without a Blueprint,” U.S. News and World Report. 121:41-2. July 8, 1996. Available on Infotrac May 1999. CD-ROM.

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CD-ROM (NEWSPAPER ARTICLE) Author’s last name, author’s first name. “Title of Article,” Newspaper Title. Section page number(s). Date of Issue. Available on index fate of disk. CD-ROM EXAMPLE: Smith, John. “Contemporary Writers on Hemingway,” Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service. K0752. June 23, 1999. Available on Infotrac May 199. CD-ROM.

NAMED ONLINE SOURCE Author’s last name, first name. “Title of document,” Title of complete work. Any publication information, version, or file number. Complete address of website. Date of access. EXAMPLE: Smith, John. “The Life and Work of Ernest Hemingway in Oak Park,” The Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park. http://hemingway.org/life. October 22, 1999.

UNNAMED ONLINE SOURCE “Title of document,” Title of Complete Work. Any publication information, version, or file number. Complete address of website. Date of access. EXAMPLE: “The Life and Work of Ernest Hemingway in Oak Park,” The Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park. http://hemingway.org/life. October 22, 1999.

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ONLINE MAGAZINE Author’s last name, first name. “Title of article,” Title of Magazine. Volume: Page(s). Date. Periodical index. Address of website. Date of access. EXAMPLE: Lefevrem Lori. “Hunting with Hemingway,” Media Week. 9:37. Auguest 3, 1999. EBSCO. http://www.epnet.com/ehost/login.html. October 15, 1999.

ONLINE NEWSPAPER Author’s last name, first name. “Title of article,” Title of newspaper. Section Page(S). Date. Newspaper index. Address of website. Date of access. EXAMPLE: Klinkenborg, Verlyn. “Hemingway and The Drama of the Writer’s Self,” The New York Times. A22. July 21, 1999. EBSCO. http://www.epnet.com/ehost/login.html. October 20, 1999.

EMAIL Author’s name (if known) or author’s email name (the part preceding the @). “Subject line of the Posting.” Date of message if different from access date. Name of email group or newsgroup. Address of list or newsgroup. Date of access. EXAMPLES: Marosy, John. “Hemingway Style.” Personal Email. January 1999. Bruckner, Mildred. “Hemingway.” [email protected]. January 3, 1999.

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FILMS/MOVIES Title of film. Director’s first name, director’s last name. Major Performer(s) first name, major performer(s) last name. Studio. Year of Release. EXAMPLE: Romeo and Juliet. Dir. Franco Zeffireli. Perf. Olivia Hussey, Leonard Whiting, Milo O’Shea, and Michael York. Paramount, 1968.

TELEVISION SHOW “Episode Title.” Series Title. Station. Call Letters of Station, Station. Date.

Location of

EXAMPLE: “The Ultimate Road Trip: Traveling in Cyber Space.” 48 Hours. CBS. WBBM, Chicago. April 13, 1995.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ( EXAMPLE) Green, Michael, ed. Hemingway. Boston: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1991. “Hemingway, Ernest,” The New Grolier Encyclopedia, 1990, 7, 864. “Hemingway Immortalizes San Fermin,” The New York Times. D23. July 15, 1977. Johnson, David and James Clark. Ernest Hemingway. New York Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1985. “The Life and Work of Ernest Hemingway in Oak Park,” The Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park. http://hemingway.org/life. October 22, 1999. McDonnell, T. P. “Hemingway Reconsidered,” National Review. 37:46-48. May 20, 1985. Reynolds, Michael S. The Sun Also Rises: A Novel of the Twenties. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1998. Young, Philip. “Hemingway, Ernest,” The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 1980, 8, 757-758.

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In-Text Citation: Parenthetical Endnotes An easy way to give credit to the author of your quotation is to put the name of the author and the page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence. This method—called parenthetical endnotes—can be used instead of footnotes. Here are some details: 1. If you mention the author’s name or the title of a book in the lead-in to you quotation, you only need to put the page number in your endnote. This is because your reader already knows who wrote the book from which you are quoting. EXAMPLE: In The Good Earth, Wang Lung “never went beyond the gates” (106). Pearl S. Buck explains that Wang Lung “never went beyond the gates” (106). FORMAT: (page number).

2. If the source of your quotation is not obvious because your essay contains quoted material from more that one source for any other reason, place the author’s last name and the page number within the parentheses. EXAMPLE: Wang Lung “never went beyond the gates” (Buck 106). FORMAT: (author’s last name page number). 3. If you are using more that one source written by the same author, use a key work from the title of the book in your endnote. This way, your reader knows exactly which book you are referencing. EXAMPLE: Wang Lung “never went beyond the gates” (Buck, Earth 106). FORMAT: (author’s last name, keyword page number).

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TIPS 1. Pay close attention to the specific format of these endnotes. Do not use extra commas or the word “page” or the letter “p”. 2. The endnote should be inserted after the last quotation mark but before the period at the end of the sentence. Place the punctuation mark on the outside of the closing parenthesis. 3. Always place the endnote at the end of the sentence. 4. Remember that you can use parenthetical endnotes instead of footnotes. They are most common in literary essays. However, you still need a Bibliography so that your reader has all the necessary information about your sources.

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