1447
Environment & Ecology 34 (3C) : 1447—1451, July—September 2016 Website: environmentandecology.com ISSN 0970-0420
Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) for Management of Chickpea Pod Borer D. N. Kambrekar, A. P. Biradar
Received 13 June 2015 ; Accepted 21 August 2015 ; Published online 10 September 2015
Abstract Field experiment on the efficacy of Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) to pod borer, H. armigera was conducted on chickpea (variety Annigeri-1) during rabi 2013-14. Among the different dosages of Lancergold tested against the podborer in chickpea, Lancergold @ 400 and 450 g/ ha recorded higher reduction in the larval population during all the three sprays imposed. The mean larval reduction in case of Lancergold @ 450 g/ha was to the tune of 64.70, 64.89 and 60.77% during first, second and third sprays respectively followed by Lancergold @ 400 g/ha, which has recorded mean larval reduction of 62.41, 62.03 and 57.80% during first, second and third sprays respectively. The pod damage by the pod borer was also minimum in the treatments with Lancergold 450 and 400 g/ha. Maximum yield was registered with Lancergold @ 450 and 400 g/ha with chickpea grain yield of 8.10 q/ha and 8.80 q/ ha, respectively and these two dosages were statistically on par with the standard checks, spinosad 45 SC (0.1 ml/l) and rynaxypyr 20 EC (0.15 ml/l). Keywords Pigeonpea.
Lancergold, Helicoverpa armigera
D. N. Kambrekar*, A. P. Biradar Regional Agricultural Research Station, PB. No. 18, UAS Campus, Bijapur 586101, Karnataka, India e-mail:
[email protected] *Correspondence
Introduction Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a principle legume rabi crop of Karnataka state, occupying about an area of 4.79 lakh ha with a production of 2.81 lakh tonnes and productivity of 618 kg per ha [1]. The productivity of chickpea is lowest because of several biotic and abiotic stresses affecting the crop. Among the biotic factors, gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) is the most important pest on chickpea. It attacks tender foliage, flowers and pods of chickpea. The extent of loss has been estimated to the tune of $ 5 billion on various crops worldwide. In case of chickpea and pigeonpea the estimated loss is about $ 27 million. The extent of losses in chickpea has been estimated at over $328 million in the semi-arid tropics. The losses due to this pest ranged from 10 to 80% in terms of pod damage in Karnataka. On the other hand to combat this pest on various crops around $ 5 billion is being invested on insecticides on various crops worldwide. Therefore, in addition to the huge losses caused by this pest directly on various crops, there are several losses accruing from the deleterious use of insecticides on environment, human and animal health. Though several pest management options available for the control of this pest, their reliability and availability to the farming community is under question. Several green labeled insecticides have accrued in the market. These insecticides are required in trace quantities which have reduced heavy drift on the plant, soil and ultimately on the environment leading to reduced eco-cidal effects. Several new insecticidal
1448
Table 1. Bio-efficacy of Lancergold (Acephate 50% + Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) against bengalgram pod borer after first spray. DBS: Day Before Spray, DAS: Days After Spray. Figures in the parentheses are the arcsin transformed values.
Tr. No.
Dosage (g/ha)
Pretreatment count (larvae/ pl) 1 DBS
5 DAS
1.8% SP)
250
2.20
34.73 (36.11)
43.78 (41.43)
39.85 (39.15)
1.8% SP)
300
2.30
42.13 (40.46)
46.58 (43.05)
41.76 (40.25)
1.8% SP)
350
2.20
47.16 (43.38)
53.16 (46.82)
48.36 (44.06)
1.8% SP)
400
2.40
59.20 (50.32)
67.81 (55.45)
60.23 (50.91)
1.8% SP)
450 0.1 ml/l 0.15 ml/l –
1.80 2.30
60.83 (51.28) 64.26 (53.31)
71.15 (57.44) 80.81 (61.86)
62.13 (52.03) 77.80 (61.93)
2.10
65.10 (53.80)
79.05 (62.78)
75.43 (60.31)
2.40 – NS –
1.53 (7.14) 10.51 6.99 2.30
2.01 (8.19) 10.15 8.38 2.76
2.33 (8.65) 11.60 9.07 2.90
Treatments
Lancergold T 1 (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold T 2 (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold T 3 (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold T 4 (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold T 5 (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid T 6 Spinosad 45 SC T 7 Rynaxypyr 20 EC T 8 UTC CV CD @ 5% SEm±
molecules have been tested against the pest in chickpea [2] ; however, no combi-products have been tried so far. Therefore, the present study is planned to study the efficacy of newer molecule on the incidence of H. armigera in chickpea. Materials and Methods The experiment on bio-efficacy of Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) to pod borer, Helecoverpa armigera was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bijapur on bengalgram (variety Annigeri-1) during rabi 2013-14. The treatments includes five different dosages of Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) viz., 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 g/ha with Spinosad 45 SC @ ml/l and Rynaxypyr 20 EC @ 0.15 ml/l as standard checks and one untreated check. Totally eight treatments were imposed with three replication. Three sprays were given with an interval of 15 days apart. The observations were recorded on number of larvae per plant on ten randomly selected plants in
Per cent reduction in larval count 10 DAS 15 DAS
each treatment a day before treatment and 5, 10 and 15 days after each application. The data were converted to per cent larval reduction and subjected to arc sin transformation before analysis. The pod damage was recorded at harvest and per cent pod damage was calculated. The data on per cent pod damage were subjected to arc sin transformation before analysis. Grain yield in different treatments was recorded per plot and the same was converted to yield in quintals per hectare. Results and Discussion The results of the experiment on the field efficacy of Lancergold (Acephate 50% + Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) conducted during 2013-14 is presented hereunder. First spray The larval population recorder per plant on ten randomly selected plants before spray showed uniform distribution of larval population with no statistical difference among the treatments (Table 1).
1449
Table 2. Bio efficacy of Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) against bengalgram pod borer after second spray. DAS: Days After Spray. Figures in the parentheses are the arcsin transformed values Tr. No. Treatments
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Spinosad 45 SC Rynaxypyr 20 EC UTC CV CD @ 5% SEm±
Dosage (g/ha)
5 DAS
1.8% SP)
250
32.31 (34.63)
41.76 (40.25)
39.53 (38.96)
1.8% SP)
300
37.50 (37.75)
45.10 (42.18)
38.43 (38.31)
1.8% SP)
350
43.43 (41.22)
49.16 (44.52)
43.20 (41.08)
1.8% SP)
400
59.83 (50.67)
68.76 (56.02)
57.50 (49.32)
1.8% SP)
450 0.1 ml/l 0.15 ml/l – – – –
64.43 65.76 69.43 1.81 10.29 6.85 2.26
72.03 82.53 81.76 2.80 9.90 8.26 2.72
58.23 80.33 79.46 2.17 10.53 8.12 2.68
At 5 days after spray (DAS), there was a statistical difference among the treatments. The per cent larval reduction ranged from 1.53 (untreated check) to 65.10 among the different dosages of Lancergold. Of the various dosages of Lancergold, maximum larval reduction was recorded in the treatment with Lancergold @ 450 and 400 gi/ha with larval reduction of 60.83 and 59.20% respective, which were statistically on par with each other and were equally effec-
Per cent reduction in larval count 10 DAS 15 DAS
(53.80) (54.20) (56.44) (7.78)
(58.08) (65.32) (64.77) (9.59)
(49.41) (63.68) (63.07) (8.34)
tive as that of the two standard checks (Spinosad and Rynaxypyr). The plot treated with Lancergold @ 250 g/ha has recorded 34.73% larval reduction and was found statistically inferior to other treatments but superior to untreated check. Similar trend was observed in the bio-efficacy of different treatments on pod borer larvae at 10 and 15 days after spray. However, there was slight increase
Table 3. Bio efficacy of Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) against bengalgram pod borer after third spray. DAS: Days After Spray. Figures in the parentheses are the arcsin transformed values. Tr. No. Treatments
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Spinosad 45 SC Rynaxypyr 20 EC UTC CV CD @ 5% SEm±
Dosage (g/ha)
5 DAS
Per cent reduction in larval count 10 DAS 15 DAS
1.8% SP)
250
35.33 (36.45)
46.23 (42.83)
40.80 (39.69)
1.8% SP)
300
41.90 (40.33)
48.06 (43.70)
41.30 (39.99)
1.8% SP)
350
43.80 (41.42)
55.46 (48.14)
45.03 (42.14)
1.8% SP)
400
56.16 (48.55)
61.83 (51.85)
55.43 (48.12)
1.8% SP)
450 0.1 ml/l 0.15 ml/l – – – –
60.53 64.23 61.03 2.03 11.26 8.15 3.01
64.36 64.60 65.53 1.86 10.40 8.75 2.85
57.43 80.16 77.80 2.00 11.50 8.89 2.93
(51.10) (53.29) (51.39) (8.18)
(53.38) (54.72) (54.09) (8.51)
(49.28) (63.58) (61.94) (8.08)
1450
Table 4. Effect of Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid 1.8% SP) on pod damage and yield in bengalgram. Figures in the parentheses are the arcsin transformed values.
Tr. No.
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
Dosage (g/ha)
Pod damage (%)
Yield (q/ha)
1.8% SP)
250
23.60 (29.03)
6.70
1.8% SP)
300
19.85 (26.45)
6.90
1.8% SP)
350
17.70 (24.78)
7.29
1.8% SP)
400
6.34
(14.53)
8.10
1.8% SP)
450 0.1 ml/l 0.15 ml/l – – _ –
5.51 5.02 5.00 33.50 12.09 4.40 1.45
(13.53) (13.20) (12.90) (35.03)
8.80 9.04 9.11 5.37 12.81 1.73 0.57
Treatments Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Lancergold (Acephate 50%+Imidacloprid Spinosad 45 SC Rynaxypyr 20 EC UTC CV CD @ 5% SEm±
in the larval reduction at 10 DAS, but decreased towards 15 DAS. At both 10 and 15 days after spray, Lancergold @ 450 and 400 g/ha have recorded higher larval reduction and were statistically on par in their efficacy with the standard checks. Second spray The larval reduction recorded in different treatments at 5, 10 and 15 days after second spray is depicted in Table 2. During the second spray also similar trend in the efficacy of different treatments was recorded. At 5 and 10 DAS, the plot treated with Lancergold @ 450 and 400 g/ha consistently recorded highest larval reduction as compared to the other dosages and were statistically on par with both the standard checks. At 5 DAS, the reduction in the larval load was to the extent of 64.43, 59.83, 65.76 and 69.43% in the treatment with Lancergold @ 450 g/ha, Lancergold @ 400 g/ha, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.1 ml/l and rynaxypyr 20 EC @ 0.15 ml/l respectively. At 15 days after the second spray, both the dosages of Lancergold @ 450 and 400 g/ha recorded higher larval reduction but were statistically inferior to the standard checks. Third spray The trend in the efficacy of different treatments after
the third spray also remained consistent (Table 3). The larval reduction was between 2.03 to 64.23%, 1.86 to 65.53% and 2.00 to 80.16% at 5, 10 and 15 days after spray. Lancergold @ 450 and 400 g/ha have consistently recorded higher reduction at 5 and 10 days after the third spray and were statistically on par with the standard checks. The larval reduction was 56.16 and 61.83% in case of Lancergold at 400 g/ha at 5 and 10 days after treatment respectively. At 15 DAS, Lancergold @ 450 and 400 g/ha have recorded superior results compared to the other dosages but were statistically inferior to the standard checks. Pod damage (%) and yield (q/ha) The per cent pod damage and grain yield (q/ha) recorded in different treatments is indicated in Table 4. The pod damage in the different treatments ranged between 5.00 to 33.50%, whereas minimum in the plots sprayed with Rynaxypyr 20 EC and maximum in untreated check. Among the different dosages of Lancergold tested, Lancergold @ 400 and 450 g/ha have recorded lowest pod damage of 6.34 and 5.51% respectively and these two dosages were statistically at par with the standard checks. Lancergold @ 250 g/ ha has recorded highest pod damage and is statisti-
1451
cally inferior to other treatments but superior over the untreated check. The yield recorded in different treatments ranged from 5.37 to 9.11 q/ha. Maximum yield was recorded in the treatments with Rynaxypyr 20 EC (9.11 q/ha) which stands superior and on par with spinosad 45 SC (9.04 q/ha). Among the different dosages of Lancergold tested, Lancergold @ and 450 g/ha have recorded statistically on par yields with that of standard checks. Thus it can be concluded that Lancergold @ 450 and 400 g/ha can be utilized for the effective management of chickpea pod borer, H. armigera. There are no reviews to support the efficacy of Lancergold against pod borer in different crops as it is a very new combi-product of acephate and Imidacloprid. However, the efficacy of acephate has been well documented by several workers against H. armigera in different crops. Acephate has been the equally effective insecticide for the management of chickpea podborer in Karnataka [3]. The effectiveness of acephate 75 SP against maize stem borer, Chilo partellus and Sesamia inferns is well documented [4]. The combination of Acephate @ 0.15%+ Imdidacloprid @ 0.00712% has reduced the incidence of aphids and jassids population in cotton which is in accordance with the present findings [5]. There is a advantage of combining two insecticide products that have modem chemistries to obtain a broader spectrum of control, such as addressing surface - feeding and below-ground insects without any hazard or risk. If the two insecticides used in the combination product have favorable en-
vironmental profiles, then it is quite likely that the overall concern won’t be any greater than that of the product’s individual characteristics. A second consideration that concerns some people about using combination products is that in some instances, we might be applying two active ingredients and only getting a benefit from one of them. In other words, it might be viewed as a wasted application or simply overkill by others. Though, a combination product is going to cost more than a product that contains only one insecticide, but it will have broad spectrum of action which has more significant in the Integrated Pest Management. Hence, Lancergold is a better option in the IPM of H. armigera. References 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Anonymous (2004) Package of practice for higher yields for all zones of North Karnataka, Univ Agric Sci, Dharwad, Karnataka, pp 99—109. Kambrekar DN, Somanagouda G, Basavarajappa MP, Halagalimath SP (2012) Effect of different dosages of Emamectin benzoate 5 SG and Indoxacarb 14.5 SC on pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera infesting chickpea. Leg Res 35 : 13—17. Shivaleela IU (2012) Management of pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) inchickpea ecosystem, MSc thesis Univ of Agric Sci, Dharwad. Mallapur CP, Manjunath Chouraddi, Balikai RA (2013) Management of maize stem borers in Karnataka. Proceedings of National Symposium on Conventional and Biotechnological Perspectives of understanding the behavior of living organisms. 15–16 th Nov, 2013, KU, Dharwad, pp 38. Dhere DA, Wadnerkar DW, More DG, Jadhav YT (2014) Field efficacy of combination of insecticides on sucking pests of Bt cotton. Ind J Entomol 70 : 12—18.
