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PG TRB ECONOMICS -UNIT XV SHORT NOTES AND MODEL QUESTIONS PAPER
Federal Finance:-$l;luR V.P mlhh;fh; - $l;luR gw;wp ‚$l;luR epjpapd; nfhs;iffSk;> rpf;fy;fSk;‛ vd;w Gfo; ngw;w E}y; “Principles and problem of federal Finance Problems of Allocation of Resource between centre and states kj;jpa khepy muRfSf;fpilNa epjpfis gq;fPL nra;tjpy; cs;s gpur;ridfs; 1) Rq;f thp - tUkhd thp - mjpfkhd tUtha; jUtJ - kj;jpa muR 2) nghJ nryT mjpfk; (khepy muR) 1) rkepiyaw;w jd;ik rhpnra;a - 1. thptUtha; gfph;T rkepiygLj;Jk; thptpjpg;G 1. thptUtha; gfph;e;jspf;F k; Kiwfs;: 1) thpt#y; mbg;gilapy; 2) tUtha; %yjdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; 3) thp nrYj;Jgth;fs; thOk; gFjpapd; mbg;gilapy; 4) kf;fs; njhifapd; mbg;gilapy; 2. Nky; epiy thp tpjpj;jy; 1) thpRik 2) thp Va;g;G (khepyq;fSf;fpilNa Vw;wj;jho;T) 3) $l;luR cjtpj;njhif 4) $l;luR Jizepjp (Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf kj;jpa muR khepymurpw;F toq;FtJ) 5) gzpfis kWgfph;T nra;jy; 6) khd;a cjtpj; njhif
khd;a cjtpj; njhif
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Fwpg;gpl;l gaDf;fhf toq;FtJ
nghJ Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf toq;F k; nkhj;j
khd;ak; ↓ fl;Lghl;Lkhd;ak;
↓ fl;Lghlw;w kd;ak;
kj;jpa khepyq;fSf;fpilNaahd epjpj;njhlh;G:kj;jpa khepy murpd; rl;lk; ,aw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ij murpayikg;G rl;lk; - 246tJ tpjpg;gb (Act 246) %d;W gFjpfshf gphpf;fyhk;. 1) xd;wpa gl;bay; (Union list) 2) khepy gl;b ay; (State list) 3) xUq;fpize;j gl;b ay; (Concrent list) ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lk; 7k; gFjpapy; ehlhSkd;wk; kl;Lk; rl;l k; ,aw;Wtij gl;b ay; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. gl;bay; -2 khepy rl;l kd;wk; kl;LNk rl;lk; ,aw;Wk; mjpfhuk; ngw;wpUf;Fk; gl;bay; -3 xUq;fpize;j khepy> rl;l kd;wk;> ehlhSkd;wk; 2-k; Nrh;e;J rl;l k; ,aw;Wtij $WfpwJ. 3Yk; Fwpg;gpl;L nrhy;y Kbahj thpfis ika muR kl;Lk; tpjpf;f KbAk;. khepy muR jd;dpr;irahf tpjpf;f KbahJ. 1) gzpfspd; gfph;T: 97 gzpfis murpayikg;G rl;lk; kj;jpa muRf;F toq;fpAs;sJ. v.fh:- 1) ghJfhg;G 2) mZrf;jp 3) ghJfhg;G njhopy;fs; 4) ntspehl;L tptfhuk; 5) FbAhpik 6) ,Ug;Gg;ghij 7) Njrpa neLQ;rhiy Nghf;F tuj;J 8) fg;gy;> tpkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J 9) mQ;ry; Jiw 10) gz ntspaPL 11) me;epa nryhtzp khw;W 12) may;ehl;Lfld; 66 gzpfis khepy murplk; cs;sJ v.fh: 1) rl;lk;> xOq;F> fhty; (Kjy;th;) 2) epjp ephthfk; 3) nghJ Rfhjhuk; 4) fy;tp> 5) Ntshz;ik> 6) fhLfs;> 7) kPd;tsk; kj;jpa khepy muRfs; ,ize;J 47 gzpfis nra;fpd;wd.
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v.fh:-1) thzpg njhopy; Kw;Whpikfs; 2) njhopyhsh; jfuhWfs; 3) rKjha ghJfhg;G 4) nghUshjhu rKjha rl;lq;fs; 2) tUtha; gfph;T: nghJtpjpf;Fl;glhj thp - kj;jpa muR kj;jpauR tpjpf;fpd;w thpfis 4 tifahf gphf;fyhk;. Kjy; tif: kj;jpa muR tpjpj;J kj;jpa muNr t#ypj;J tUtha; KOtijAk; jhNd itj;Jf; nfhs;sf;
$bait Kjy;tif thpfs;.
,uz;lhtJ tif: kj;jpauR thpfis tpjpj;J t#ypf;fpd;wJ fpilf;fk; thptUthia kj;jpa muRk;> khepy
muRk; gfph;e;J nfhs;fpd;wd.
III tJ tif: kj;jpauR tpjpj;J t#ypf;fpd;wJ. thptUtha; KOtijAk; khepy muRfSf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ. IV tJ tif kj;jpa muR tpjpf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; mtw;iw t#ypj;J khepy muNr itj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lk; 7k; gphpT Kjy; mjpfhuj;jpw;Fl;gl;l thpfs; Vw;Wkjp thpfs;> cl;gl Rq;f jPh;itfs; (83 tif) Maj;jph;itfs;> epyk; jtpu gpw nrhj;Jfs; njhlh;ghd thpfs; ,uapy;> fly;> Mfhak; %yk; nfhz;L nry;fpd;w nghUl;fs; ,tw;wpd; kPJ mjd; ,Wepiyapy; tpjpf;fg;gLk; thpfs; khepy murpd; thptUtha;fs; epythp (45 tif thpfs;) Ntshz;ik tUkhd thp (46 ,dq;fs;) epyj;jpd; kPJk; fl;blj;jpd; kPJk; tpjpf;Fk; thpfs; (49 ,dq;fs;) thfdq;fs; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; ,dq;fs; (57 ,dq;fs;) nghOJNghf;Ffs; cl;gl;l Mlk;gukhdtw;wpd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; thpfs; (62 ,dq;fs;)
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kj;jpa muR tpjpj;J khepy muRfSf;F mspg;gJ: Ntshz;ik epyk; jtpu gpw nrhj;Jfs; thhpR jhuUf;F ifkhWk; NghJ tpjpf;fpd;w thpfs; Giftz;b fl;l zq;fspd; kPJ tpjpf;Fk; thpfs; nra;jpjhs;fs; tpw;gid> thq;Fjy;> mtw;wpy; ntsptUk; tpsk;guq;fs; kPJ tpjpg;gJ. kj;jpa muR tpjpj;jJ khepy muR t#ypj;J ngWk; tUtha;fs; Kj;jpiu thpfs; xg;gid nghUl;fspd; jahhpg;Gfs; kUe;Jfs; kj;jpa muRk;> khepy muRk; gq;fpLgit: Ntshz;ik jtpu gpw tUtha;fspd; kPJ tpjpf;fpd;w thpfisAk; rpytif Maj;j Ph;itfisAk; kj;jpa muR tpjpj;J kj;jpa khepy muRfs; gq;fPl;L nfhs;fpd;wd Finance commissions (epjpf;FO) ,e;jpa murpay; rl;l k; 280d; gb FbauR jiyth; 5 Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw epjpf;FOit epakdk; nra;thh;. epjpf;FOtpd; gzpfs;: 1) kj;jpa khepy muRfs; gfph;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba epfu thp tUtha;fis gfph;jy; kw;Wk;
khepyq;fspd; gq;Ffis jPh;khdpj;jy;
2) kj;jpa khepy muRfspd; ve;j Xg;ge;j q;fisAk; njhlh;jy;> tpjpKiwfis khw;wpaikj;jy;. 3) FbauR jiyth; Muha $Wk; NtW tpguq;fis ftdpj;jy; epjpFO
jiyth;
mwpf;if
Mz;L
mspj;j Mz;L
Kjy; epjpFO
1951
K.C epNahrp
1952- 57
II tJ epjpFO
1956
K. re;jhdk;
1957- 62
III tJ epjpFO
1960
A.K. re;j h
1962 - 66
IV tJ epjpFO
1964
P.V. ,uh[kd;dhh;
1965- 69
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V tJ epjpFO
1968
kfhtPh; jpahfp
1969- 74
VI tJ epjpFO
1972
K. gpukhde;j nul;b
1974 - 79
VII tJ epjpFO
1977
J.M. nry;yhl; (Or)
1979 - 84
Nryl; VIII tJ epjpFO
1982
Y. B. rthd;
1984 - 89
IX tJ epjpFO
1987
N.K.P. rhy;Nt
1989 - 95
X tJ epjpFO
1995
K.C ge;j;
1995 - 2000
XI tJ epjpFO
1998
A.M. F];Nuh (Kushro)
2000 - 2005
XII tJ
2004
C. uq;fuh[d;
2005- 10
epjpf;FO XIII tJ
tp[a; nfy;rH
2010 - 15
Y.B. nul;b
2015 - 2020
epjpf;FO XIV tJ epjpf;Fo
epjpj;jiytiu jtpu epjpj;Jiwapy; gzpahw;Wk; midtUk; cWg;gpdh;fs; Mthh;. jw;NghJ jpl;lf;FO cWg;gpdh;fSk; cs;shh;fs;. khd;a cjtp ,e;jpa murpay; rl;l k; 275tJ gphpTgb kj;jpauR khepyq;fSf;F khd;a cjtp jUfpwJ. epjpf;FO ghpepiwe;j khd;a gl;bay; (khepy muRfSf;F) epjpf;FO
khd;a cjtp (Nfhbapy;)
I
51
II
166
III
550
IV
610
V
630
VI
2150
VII
1600
VIII
1556
IX
15017
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20300
XI
58587
XII
142640
,e;jpa $l;luR epjp:- Federal Finance in India 1919 - khz;NlF nrk;] ;Nghh;L jpl;lk; (,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;l k;) ,J kj;jpa khepy muR tUthia NtWgLj;jp fhl;LfpwJ. 1920 - nk];ld; ghpe;Jiu tUkhdthp ika murplNk ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; ghpe;Jiu nra;J 1935
-k; Mz;L rl;lk; - kj;jpa khepy tUtha; Jiwfis gphpj;J $WfpwJ.
KOikahd $l;luR epjpKiwia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpwF murpayikg;G rl;l k; 280 tJ gphptpd; fPo; epjpf;FOf;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. 246 gphptpd;gb - kj;jpa khepy muRfspilNa gfph;e;jspf; fg;gLfpwJ. 3 tifg;gLk; 1) kj;jpa gl;b ay; 2) khepy gl;b ay; 3) xUq;fpize;j gl;b ay; cs;shl;rp epjp (Local Finance) ghJfhg;G> mbg;gil trjp> eph;thftrjp Vw;gLj;Jjy; kf;fshl;rp jj;Jtj;jpd; MzpNth; midj;J khepyq;fSk; xd;WNghyNt 1) cs;s hl;rp mikg;GKiw fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J ↓ efuhl;rp ↓ khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J (m) khtl;l fofk; (khepy> fpuhk gQ;rhaj;jpw;F ,ilg;gl;l J) ↓ khefuhl;rp (Nkk;gl;l epiy) (mjpfgzpfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ) fpuhkgQ;rhaj;J:cs;shl;rpf;F mbj;jsk; PG TRB ECONOMIC STUDY MATERIALS BY ARCHANA KUMAR M.A.,B.Ed., D.T.ed.,HDCA.(ENGLISH) DHARMAPURI.
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1. tUtha; (m) 2 (m) 3 fpuhkk; Nrh;e;J mq;fk; : jiy> Jiz jiyth;> thh;L> cWg;gpdh;fs; nrhj;Jthp> epy tUtha; thp> jpiuauq;F thp “Principles and problems of Federal Finance” vd;w E}iy vOjpath; - V.P. mlhh;fh; kj;jpa khepy muRfspd; tUthia NtWgLj;jp fhl;b aJ - 1919 ,e;jpa muR rl;lk; (khz;NlF nrk;];Nghh;L mwpf;if) 1920-y; tUkhdthpia kj;jpa muRfs; tpjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ghpe;Jiuj;j FO nk];ld;
FO kj;jpa muR khepy muRf;F khd;ak; toq;Fk; rl;lg;gphpTfs; - 275> 278> 282 = 3 gphpTfs; Vw;fdNt tpthjpf;fg;gl;l thpfspd; kPJ Nky; fl;l zk; tpjpf;f kj;jpa muRf;F chpkk; toq;fg;gl;l rl;lg;gphpT - 271 kj;jpa murpd; gl;b aypy; mlq;fpAs;s gphpTfs; 97 khepy gl;b aypy; mlq;fpAs;s gphpTfs;
- 66
xUq;fpize;j gl;b aypy; mlq;fpAs;s gphpTfs; - 47 ,e;jpah $l;luR epjpaikg;ig gpd;gw;w ,e;jpa muR rl;lk; - 193 gphpT Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lk; - 246 tJ gphpT 7-k; gl;b ay; kj;jpa muR thptpjpj;J mij khepy muR t#ypj;J KOtJkhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; rl;lg;gphpT 268 kj;jpa muR khepy muRfl;F toq;Ffpd;w khd;ak; 1. jpl;l khd;ak; (Plan grants) 2. jpl;lk; jtpu gpw khd;ak; (Non plan Grants) jpl;l khd;aq;fspd; msit jpl;lf;FO jPh;khdpf;fpwJ. jpl;lk; jtpu gpw khd;aq;fspd; vjph;ghuhj nts;sk;> Gay; Nghd;wtw;why; khepyq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLk;NghJ toq;Ffpd;wdh;. tUthapYk; nrytpYk; Vw;gLk; tpj;jpahrj;ij rhpnra;a nfhLf;fg;gLk; khd;ak; mlq;fpAs;s
rl;lg;gphpT “ 275
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,e;jpa FbauR jiyth; 5 Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiw xU epjpf;FOit epakpf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W
$Wk; rl;l g;gphpT - 280
epjpf;F Of;fspd; gzpfs;: kj;jpa khepy muRfspd; epfu thptUtha; gfph;jy; kw;wk; khepyq;fspd; gq;F fis jPh;khdpj;jy;. njhFepjpapypUe;J khepyq;fSf;F nfhLf;Fk; khd;aj;jpd; msit eph;zapf;Fk; nfhs;ifiaj; jPh;khdpj;jy;. kj;jpa khepy muRfSf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; ve;j xg;ge;j tpjpKiwfisAk; njhlh;j y;> khw;Wjy; Fwpj;J KbT nra;jy; epjpf;FOtpy; jiyth; jtpu epjpr; nrayfj;jpy; gzpahw;wk; Kf;f pa mYtyh;fs; cWg;gpdh;fs;
Mthh;fs;
jw;NghJ jpl;lf;FO cWg;gpdh;fSk; epjpf;F Otpy; cWg;gpdh;fshf Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sdh; KjyhtJ epjpf;FO khepyq;fspd; tUkhd thp gq;if 50% ypUe;J 55% Mf cah;j;jpaJ
kj;jpauR 45%
80+20 = 80% kf;fs; njhif mbg;gilapYk; 20% khepyq;fspd; t#y; njhif mbg;gilapYk; ,uz;lhtJ epjpf;FO 50% ypUe;J 60% Mf cah;j;jpaJ 90 (kf;fs; njhif) + 10 (thpt#y; mbg;gil) = mbg;gilapy; 3tJ epjpf;FO 66% Mf ghpe;Jiuj;j J. 80+20 = mbg;gilapy; 4tJ epjpf;FO 66% ypUe;J 75% Mf cah;j ;jpaJ 80 + 20 = mbg;gilapy; 5tJ epjpf;FO 75% msT cah;j Jjy; 90 + 10 = mbg;gilapy; 6tJ epjpf;FO 85% Mf cah;j;jpaJ 90+10 = mbg;gilapy; 8tJ epjpf;FO 85% MfNt cah;j;jpaJ ꜜ
10
25
25
ꜜ
ꜜ
ꜜ
thp
kf;fs; njhif
thp
50 kf;fs; njhif
9tJ epjpf;FO 85% MfNt cah;j;jpaJ. Kjy; epjpf;F Otpy; maj;jPh;it tUthapy; 40% khepyq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gLk; vd;wJ.
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murpay; mikg;G rl;lk; 275tJ gphptpd;gb ve;nje;j khepyq;fs; gw;whf;F iwapd; mbg;gilapy;
khd;aq;fs; thq;Ffpd;wdNth mjd; Nghpy; 5% Maj;jPh;it tUkhdk;
khepyq;fSf;F gfph;e;jspf;fg;gLk; vd 8tJ epjpf;FO ghpe;Jiuj;jJ. 1957y; rh;f;fiu> Gifapiy> Miyj;Jzpfs;> Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ khepy muRfs; tpjpj;j tpw;gid thpf;F gjpyhf kj;jpa muR $Ljy; Maj;jPh;itia tpjpj;jJ. murpayikg;G rl;l k; 275d; gb khepyq;fSf;F tUtha; gw;whf;F iw Vw;gLk;NghJ kj;jpa muR
khd;a cjtp mspf;F k;.
Nghghy; vhpthA tpgj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l th;fSf;F cjTkhW ghpe;Jiuj;j epjpf;FO 9tJ
epjpf;FO (jiyth; - N. K. Prhy;Nt)
gQ;rk;> nts;sk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,Ue;J epthuzk; ngw epiyahd epthuz epjp xd;iw khepy
muRf;F toq;fNtz;Lk; vd;W ghpe;Jiuj;j epjpf;F O
6tJ epjpf;FO (1972) (gpukhde;j nul;b) njhif= 51 Nfhb ,k;khjphpahd ,d;dy;fis rkhspf;f Njrpaj; njhif xd;iw epWt Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; 25%
khepyK;k 75% kj;jpa muRk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjhf mika Ntz;Lk; vd
ghpe;Jiuj;j FO
(9tJ epjpf;FO)
,jw;fhd nkhj;j fld; njhif - 804 Nfhb epjpf;FOthdJ murpay; mikg;G rl;l k; gphpT 280-d; fPo; epWtg;gl;l J. jpl;lf;FO cUthf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1950 kf;fs; njhif> khepyq;fspd; jyh tUkhdk;> khepyaq;fspd; jdpg;gl;l gpur;ridfs; Mfpaitfspd; mbg;gilapy; epjpxJf;fPL mika Ntz;Lk; vd KbT nra;ag;gl;l epjpf;FO -
fhl;fpy; FO
xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l muRfs; ,aq;Ftjhy; ,e;jpahtpy; $l;luR epjpKiw gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ. murpd; nfhs;iff;F Vw;g epjp Mjhuq;fis jpl;lkpLtjw;fhf mikf;fg;gLk; FO jpl;lf;FO jpl;lk; rhuh gzpfSf;fhf Mjhuq;fis gq;fpl;L khepy muRfSf;F toq;fp tUtJepjpf;FO ‘[dehaf guty;Kiw’ vd;D k; nfhs;ifj; jpl;lKk;> gQ;rhaj;J mikg;Gfs; %d;wLf;F
mikg;Gfshf mika ghpe;Jiu nra;j FO - gy;te;j;uha; Nkj;j h FO
(1957) %d;wLf;F gQ;rhaj;J Kiwapy; 1. fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J PG TRB ECONOMIC STUDY MATERIALS BY ARCHANA KUMAR M.A.,B.Ed., D.T.ed.,HDCA.(ENGLISH) DHARMAPURI.
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2. gQ;rhaj;J xd;wpaq;fs; 3. [py;y h ghp\j ;(khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J) NkYk; tphpTgLj;jpajpy; 4. efuhl;rp 5. khefuhl;rp Mf;l;uha;thp (Octroi tax) vd;gJ (jy vy;iy) cs;shl;rp vy;iyf;Fs; Eioak; nghUl;fs; kPjhd thpahFk;. Mf;l;uha; thpapd; rpwg;gk;rk; thptpjpf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fs; jpUk;gTk; vy;iyia fle;J nry;Yk;NghJ thpahf nrYj;jg;gl;l gzk; jpUk;g toq;fg;gLk; nlh;kpdy; thp (Terminel Tax) vd;gJ cs;shl;rp vy;iyf;F s; te;jilak; (m) ntspNa mDg;gg;gLk; nghUl;fs; kPJk;> gazpfs; kPJk; tpjpf;fg;gLk; thp MFk;. 1939-k; Mz;by; ,Ue;J cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs; njhopy; thpapid tpjpf;fpd;wd. (12> 13> 14> 15) ,q;fpyhe;J kw;Wk; cyf mstpy; Vw;gl;l njhopy;Gul;rp fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J jiyaplh thzpgf; nfhs;if eilKiwapy; ,Ue;j J. jiyaplh tpahghu nfhs;if Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;J kdpjdpd; Ra tpUg;gkhFk;. J.P. Nrapd; mq;fhb tpjp jiyaplh nfhs;if fUj;ij gpd;gw;wpajhFk;. etPd nghUshjhuj;jpd; je;ij - J. M. fPd;]; (Gjpa) ‚jiyaplh thzpg nfhs;ifapd; KbT‛ vd;w E}y; vOjpath; - fPd;]; (1926) jiyaplh thzpg nfhs;iff;F rhTkzp mbj;j th; vd;W Gfog;ngw;wth; - J. M. fPd ;]; murpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bdhy; nghUshjhuk; ,aq;fpdhy; KONtiy tha;gg ; pid milaKbAk; vd;wth; - J.M. fPd;]; fyg;Gg; nghUshjhuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L 1984-k; Mz;L S. P Kfh;[p ,e;jpahtpy; njhopw;nfhs;ifia mwptpj;j hh;. ,e;jpa muR 1951y; njhopw;rhiyfis xOq;FgLj;Jk; rl;lk; ,aw;wpaJ. nghUshjhu rf;jp xU rpyh; ifapy; Ftpf;fg;gLtij jil nra;tjw;fhf $l;Lj;Jiwia (Joint sector) Vw;gLj;j ghpe;Jiu nra;j fkpl;b - fl; fkpl;b (Dutt Committee) ,e;jpahtpy; tuT-nrytpid 2 gFjpfspy; Fwpg;gplyhk;. 1) tUtha; f/fpy; nryT (Expenditure on Revenue A/C ) 2) %yjd f/fpy; nryT (Expenditure on capital A/C)
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Kjy; tif nrytpid nghJj;Jiw %yk; fpilf;Fk; ,yhgk; kw; Wk; thpfs; %yk; fpilj;j tUkhdj;jpd; %yk; rhp fl;b nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. II k; tif nrytpid mq;fhb fld;fs;> RBI %yk; fpilj;j fld; njhifapy; ,Ue;Jk;> gd;dhl;L khepy kw;wk; murpd; %yk; fpilj;j tUtha; %yk; ,Wjpepiy nrytpw;Fk; rkkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLtJ P = AR = MC MC = AR ,Uf;F k; tpiyapy; rKjhaj;jpw;F mjpf ed;ikfs; fpilf;Fk;. epiwTNghl;b cs;s mq;fhbapy; ,Wjp epiy nryT kw;wk; ,Wjp epiy tUkhdk; rkkhf ,Uf;Fk; MC = MR mNjNghy; ruhrhp tUkhdKk;> ,Wjpepiy tUkhdKk; rkkhf ,Uf;Fk; AR = MR P = AC = AR = MC = MR nghJ gad;ghLfs; mspf;Fk; Jiwfs; ,Wjpepiy nrytpd; mbg;gilapy; tpiy jPh;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Wjpepiy nryT:- ,Wjpahf (m) mjpfg;gbahf xU nghUis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F MFk; nryT gw;wp $WtJ. Njitf;Nfw;g tpiyf; nfhs;if: xU nghUspd; tpiy ,Wjpepiy nryT mbg;gilapYk; kw;Wk; nghJ gad;ghl;L tpiyapd; mbg;gilapYk; vt;thW jPh;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij $WtjhFk;. Njdh tq;fp (DENA BANK) vd;gJ xU Njrpa kakhf;fg;gl;l tq;fp. rpl;b tq;fp vd;gJ xU may;ehl;L tq;fp kJuh tq;fp vd;gJ xu jdpahh; tq;fp ‚Ntiytha;gG ; nghUspay;‛ vd;Dk; E}iy ntspapl;lth; - A.P. nyh;dh; ‚mnkhpf;fhtpd; Kjyhspj;Jtk;‛ vd;Dk; E}iy ntspapl;lth; - fhh;y;gph;j; njhopy;Gul;rp Njhd;wpa ehL - ,q;fpyhe;J PG TRB ECONOMIC STUDY MATERIALS BY ARCHANA KUMAR M.A.,B.Ed., D.T.ed.,HDCA.(ENGLISH) DHARMAPURI.
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lhy;ld; - xU mnkhpf;f nghUspay; mwpQh; mlhy;g; thf;d h; - xu n[h;kdp ehl;L nghUspay; mwpQh; rp];khz;b - xU gpuhd;]; ehl;L nghUspay; mwpQh; ‘kw;witfs; khwhJ ,Uj;jy;’ vd;gJ ,yj;jPd; thh;j;ijahFk;. „Budget‟ vd;gJ gpnuQ;r; nkhop nrhy; gz;izthp ,e;jpahtpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L -1953 Kjd;Kjypy; nryTthp tpjpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1957 ,e;jpahtpy; Kjd;Kjypy; Ntshz;ik thp tpjpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1938 cw;gj;jpaw;w flDf;F v.fh - nts;sk;> Gay; thzpg #oy; tuT-nryT jpl;lj;ij gpd;gw;wpa ehL - ];tPld; tuTfistpl nryT mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; Nghlg;gLk; tuT - nryT jpl;lk; - gw;whf;Fiw tuT-nryT jpl;lk; rkepiy tuT-nryT jpl;lj;jpy; murpd; tuTfSk; nryTfSk; rkkhf ,Uf;Fk;. CENVAT = Central value Added Tax MODVAT = Medified Value Added Tax fUg;G gzk; gw;wp $wpa FO - thd; # fkpl;b (Wansoo committee) A.O `pA+k; - ,th; 18k; E}w;whz;il Nrh;e;j th; Agricutural Holding Tax - gw;wp ghpe;Jiu nra;j fkpl;b - uh[; fkpl;b Small Scale Manufacture – rpW njhopy;fspd; cw;gj;jp gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; gphpT - 57B MODVAT – mwpKfg;gLj;jpa ehL - UK (,q;fpyhe;J) ,e;jpahtpy; (Zero Based Budget) G+[;a epiy tuT nryT jpl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; - V.P rpq; Efh;T thpia ghpe;Jiuj;jth; - epf;Nfhy]; fhy;lh; nryT thpia ghpe;Jiuj;jth; - fhy;lh; fld; nfhs;ifia cUthf;FtJ - RBI PG TRB – ECONOMICS MODAL TEST UNIT - 15 1. 2.
$l;lhr;rp vd;gJ. (A) kj;jpa muR (B) khepy muR (C) cs;shl;rp mikg;G $l;lhr;rp epjpapd; nfhs;iffSk; rpf;fYk; - vd;w E}ypd; MrphpaH. (A) fPd ;]; (B) lhy;ld; (C) k];fpNut;
(D) midj;Jk; rhp (D) mlhHfH
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3.
$l;lhr;rp epjpapd; nfhs;iffs; vJ rhp. (A) Rje;jpuk; (k) nghWg;G gw;wpa nfhs;if (B) NghJkhd jd;ikAk;> neopTj; jd;ik (C) epHthf rpf;fdk; (k) jpwikf; nfhs;if (D) midj;Jk; rhp epjpf;FO jiytiu ------------- rl;l gphptpd; gb xt;nthU 5 Mz;Lf;F xU Kiw FbauRjiytuhy; epakdk; nra;fpwhH. (A) 280 (B) 380 (C) 480 (D) 580 epjpf;FOtpy; xU jiytUk; ---------------- cWg;gpdHfs; cs;sdH. (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 epjpf;FOtpd; gzpfs;. (A) epjpf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufis FbauR jiythplk; rkHgpf;Fk;. (B) khepy muRf;F gzk; toq;F jy; (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) vJTkpy;iy Kjy; epjpf;F Otpd; jiy -------------- vd;gtH 1652 - y; Mz;L epakdk; nra;ag;gl;lhH. (A) K.C. ge;j; (B) F];Nuh (C) RFkhH nrd; (D) K.C. epNahfp
4.
5. 6.
7.
8.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13. 14. 15.
Kjy; epjpf;; FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs;. (A) khepyq;fSf;F tUkhd thp tUtha; kf;fs; njhif mbg;gilapy; 80% (B) t#y; mbg;gilapy; 20% (C) Maj;j PHit %yk; khepyq;fSf;F 40% (D) midj;Jk; rhp kiwKf thptpjpg;G Ma;T FO 1976y; --------------- jiyikapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l J. (A) [h (B) nry;y a;ah FO (C) thQ;R FO (D) re;jhdk; FO Neub thp tpjpg;G FO ---------------- jiyikapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. (A) thQ;R FO (B) nry;y a;ah FO (C) re;jhk; FO (D) [h FO G+jq;fypq;fk; FO ghpe;Jiufs; . (A) thp mikg;G Kiwia vspikahfTk; rPuhf;fTk; (B) epWtd thp tpfpjhrhu Kiwapy; tpjpf;f Ntz;Lnkd ghpe;Jiu (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) tsHtPj thp ghpe;Jiu thp Va;gG ; FO - 1970y; -------------- jiyikapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. (A) [h FO (B) thQ;R FO (C) fhy;lH FO (D) [hdfpuhkd; thp Va;gG ; Kf;fpa fhuzk;. (A) thp tPjk; mjpfk; (B) thp tPjk; FiwT (C) tpfpjhrhu thp (D) vJTkpy;iy ,uz;lhtJ epjpf;FO -------------- jiyikapy; (1957 - 62) (A) epNahfp (B) re;jhdk; (C) re;jh (D) PV. uh[hkd;dhH ,uz;lhtJ epjpf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiu vJ rhp. (A) tUkhdthp khepy murpd; gq;F 55% ypUe;J 60% caHe;j ghpe;Jiu (B) kf;fs; mbg;gilapy; 90% (C) t#ypd; mbg;gilapy; 10% (D) midj;Jk; rhp
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16. xd;gjhtJ epjp FO ghpe;Jiu. (A) nghJ epjpapypUe;J ,uapy;Nt epjp vd jdpahf gphpf;fg;gl;lJ. (B) ,e;jpa muR Mf;NthHj; FOit uapy;Nt rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;rpid Ma;T nra;a (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) vJTkpy;iy 17. cs;shl;rp ---------------- tifahd gphpf;fg;gl;l J. (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 8 18. cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspd; tuT - nryT gw;wp Ma;T --------------- MFk;. (A) $l;lhr;rp epjp (B) cs;shl;rp epjp (C) nrayhw;Wk; epjp (D) epjpgw;whf;F iw 19. cs;shl;rp epjp vd;gJ vJ jtwhdJ. (A) Cuhl;rp> Ng&uhl;rp> Cuhl;rp xd;wpak; (B) efHkd;wk;> khefH kd;wk; (C) khtl;l Ml;rp mikg;G (D) tl;lhu tsHr;rp 20. tUtha; tuTfs; vij cs;slf;fpaJ. (A) thp tUtha; (B) khdpaq;fs; (C) ghJfhg;G nryTfs; (D) midj;Jk; rhp 21. tUtha; tuTfistpl tUtha; nrytpdk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;j hy;. (A) tUtha; gw;whf;Fiw (B) nryT gw;whf;Fiw (C) %yjd gw;whf;F iw (D) epjpg;gw;whf;Fiw 22. rPHjpUj;j FO ----------- 1991 - 92 thp. (A) uh[h Kj;ijah FO (B) ,uh[h nry;iyah FO (C) G+jypq;fk; FO (D) thQ;R FO 23. GST thp vd;gJ. (A) gz;l q;fs; (k) gzpfspd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; thpahFk; (B) ,J EfHtpd; mbg;gilapy; tpjpf;fg;gLfpwJ (C) ngl;Nuhy;> Bry;> My;`fhy; (D) midj;Jk; rhp 24. ------------- vd;w nghUspay; mwpQH KO Ntiy tha;g;G epiyia Vw;gLj;j tuT “ nryT jpl;lj;ij Xh;fUtpahf gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;W $WfpwhH. (A) jpl;l FO (B) nghJ fzf;F FO (C) epjpf;FO (D) NjHjy; FO 25. murpd; nryT nrhj;Jf;fis cUthf;ftpl;lhy; mj;jifa nryT. (A) %yjd nryT (B) mspg;G tpiy (C) tUtha; nryT (D) %yjd tUtha; 26. xU &gha; Nehl;L. (A) muR gzk; (B) miog;G gzk; (C) fl;l z gzk; (D) tq;fp gzk; 27. khdpa cjt (Grants – in – aid) ------------- tifg;gLk;. (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 28. cjtpapy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l njhif ve;j epge;jidapd;wp mspf;fg;gLk;. (A) rjtPj khdpa cjtp (B) nkhj;j khdpa cjtp (C) khdpaq;fs; (D) vJTkpy;iy 29. kj;jpa khepy muRfSf;fpilNa cs;s epjp njhlh;Gfis gw;wp Muha;tJ ---------- MFk;. (A) gw;whf;Fiw epjp (B) nrayhw;Wk; epjp (C) $l;luR epjp (D) cghp epjp 30. kj;jpa muR tpjpf;fpd;w thpapd; kPJ khepy muRfs; $Ljy; thp tpjpf;fyhk; ,jw;F -------------- vd;W ngaH. (A) $l;luR Jiz (B) thp gfpHT (C) $Ljy; thp (D) khdpa cjtp njhif 31. 1957 gy;te;juha; Nkj;j h FO cs;shl;rp mikg;GfSf;F -------------- Kiw mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhd;. (A) [dehaf Kiw (B) [dehafg;guty; Kiw (C) %d;W mLf;F Kiw ghpe;Jiufs; (D) khepy Ml;rp PG TRB ECONOMIC STUDY MATERIALS BY ARCHANA KUMAR M.A.,B.Ed., D.T.ed.,HDCA.(ENGLISH) DHARMAPURI.
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32. %d;W mLf;F Kiw gQ;rhapj; Kiwapd; Kjy; mLf;F vd;gJ. (A) khtl;l Ml;rp (B) Cuhl;rp xd;wpak; (C) fpuhk Cuhl;rp (D) efuhl;rp mikg;G 33. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; khefuhl;rp (1688). (A) Kk;ig (B) fy;fj;j h (C) by;yp (D) nrd;id 34. gQ;rhapj;J ,uh[; rl;lk; --------------- ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. (A) 73 jpUj;jk; 1972 rl;l k; (B) 74 jpUj;jk; 1992 rl;l k; (C) 73 jpUj;jk; 1993 rl;l k; (D) 74 jpUj;jk; 1993 rl;lk; 35. efH ghypfh rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;l J. (A) 73 jpUj;jk; 1992 rl;lk; (B) 74 jpUj;jk; 1992 rl;l k; (C) 73 jpUj;jk; 1993 rl;l k; (D) 74 jpUj;jk; 1993 rl;lk; 36. Kjd; Kjypy; gQ;rhapj;J ,uh[; rl;lj;jpy; %yk; (%d;W mLf;F Kiw)NjHjy; elj;jpa khepyk; (1959). (A)MH (B) MP (C) ,uh[];j hd; (D) jkpo;ehL. 37. gQ;rhapj;J ,uh[; rl;lk; eilKiwg;gLj;jpa Mz;L. (A) 1992 (B) 1993 (C) 1994 (D) 1995 38. kj;jpa khepy epjp njhlHghd tpsf;Fk; rl;lgphpT. (A) 264 (k) 293 (B) 265 (k) 294 (C) 274 (k) 295 (D) 290 (k) 291 39. ika muRf;F k; khepy muRf;F k; nghJthd mjpfhuk; cs;s Jiwfs;. (A) fy;tp (B) fhLfs; (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) ,uhZtk;> ,uapy;Nt 40. kj;jpa murhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;L khepy murhy; t#ypf;fg;gLk; thp. (A) Kj;jpiuj;j hs; jPHit (B) kUj;Jt hrHe;j nghUl;fs; kPJ thp (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) vJTkpy;iy 41. kj;jpa murhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;L khepy muRf;F gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLk; thp. (1) gz;iz thp (2) nra;jpjhs; thp (k) tpsk;guk; (3) ,Ug;Gghij> fly;top> Mfha top> kPjhd ,Wjpepiy thp (4) Gif tl;b fl;l zq;fspd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; thp (5) gq;F mq;fhbfs; vjpHfhy eltbf;iffspd; kPJ Kj;jpiuj;j hs; thp jtpu gpwthpfs; (A) 1> 2rhp (B) 2> 3 rhp (C) 1>2>3 rhp (D) 1>2>3>4> 5 rhp 42. kj;jpa muRk; khepy muRk; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;Sk; thp. rhpahdJ vJ. (A) Ntshz;ik jtpu gpw tUkhdq;fspd; kPj tpjpf;fg;gLk; thpfs; (B) rpy tif Maj; jPHitfs; (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) vJTkpy;iy 43. kj;jpa - khepy muRfspd; epjp njhlHGfis Muha 1969y; --------- jiyikapy; FO mikf;fg;gl;l J. (A) gy;te;j hy; Nkj;j ha; (B) P.V. ,uh[kd;dhH FO (C) mNrhf Nkj;jh FO (D) midj;Jk; rhp 44. ,e;jpahtpy; kj;jpa muR khepy muRf;F toq;fg;gLk; khdpa cjtpfs; ------------ tifg;gLk;. (A) jpl;lk; khdpa cjtp (B) jpl;l jtpu gpw khdpa cjtp (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) vJTkpy;iy PG TRB ECONOMIC STUDY MATERIALS BY ARCHANA KUMAR M.A.,B.Ed., D.T.ed.,HDCA.(ENGLISH) DHARMAPURI.
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45. fPo;fz;l tw;wpy; vJ rhp. (A) jpl;lkhdpak; cjtp - epjpf;F O (B) jpl;lkw;w khdpa cjtp - jpl;lFO (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) khdpaq;fs; 46. tl;lhu Vw;w jho;it Fiwgjw;F kj;jpa murhy; khepyq;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. (A) khdpak; (B) khdpa cjtp (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) fld;fs; 47. cs;shl;rp Jiwapd; je;ij. (A) hpg;gd; gpuG (B) fhdpq; gpuG (C) fhud; thyp]; gpuG (D) thud; N`];bq;]; 48. kj;jpa khepy cs;shl;rp muRfSf;fpilNa thpfs; gfpHtpy; cs;s rpf;fy;fs; (cs;shl;rp epjp) (A) ,lj;jpd; msT (B) tUtha;fs; (C) khepy murpd; cjtp (D) midj;Jk; rhp 49. Kjd; Kjyhf 1871y; ,;e;jpa murpd; epjpguy; Kiwia njhlq;fp itj;jth;. (A) hpg;gd; gpuG (B) NkNah gpuG (C) fhdpq; gpuG (D) fhud; thyp]; gpuG 50. Neub thpr; rl;lj;jpid vspikgLj;JtJ (k) xOq;F g;gL;j;JtJ gw;wp MuhAk; FO(1977) (A) Nrhf;fp (B) L.K. [h (C) thQ;R FO (D) [hd; Nkj;j ha; 51. fPo;fz;l tw; wpy; vJ rhp. (1) 14 tJ epjpf;FO (2015 - 20) - Y.B. nul;b (2) 13 tJ epjpf;F O (2010 -15) - tp[a; L. nfy;fH (3) 12 tJ epjpf;F O (2005- 10) - C. uq;fuh[d; (4) 11 tJ epjpf;F O (2000 -05) - A.M. F];Nuh (A) 1> 2 rhp (B) 2> 3 rhp (C) 3> 4 rhp (D) 1> 2> 3> 4rhp 52. khepy muRfSf;F NghJkhd epjp tha;g;Gfs; ,y;yhjjhy; kj;jpa muR toq;F k; njhiff;F ----------------- vd;W ngaH. (A) khdpaq;fs; (B) khdpa cjtp njhif (C) $Ljy; tUtha; (D) fld;fs; 53. khepy muRfs; tpjpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j thpia kj;jpa muR t#y; nra;tJ. (A) nghul;fspd; kPJ thp (B) Maj;j PHit (C) tpw;gid thp (D) tUkhd thp 54. ,e;jpa murpay; mikg;G rl;lg;gphpT 272d; gb. (A) epjpFOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; ntWk; MNyhrid kl;LNk MFk;. (B) epjp FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; rl;lG+Htkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) vJTkpy;iy 55. ,e;jpahtpy; kj;jpa “ khepy muRfSf;filapy; cs;s njhlHGfis Muha ------------ rl;lk; toptFj;j J. (A) 1947 rl;lk; (B) 1955 rl;lk; (C) 1935 rl;lk; (D) 1948 rl;lk; 56. kj;jpa khepy epjp gfpHit gw;wp Mua 1936 y; ------------- jiyikapy; FO mikf;fg;gl;lJ. (A) rH Ml;Nlh epNkaiu (B) Nj\;Kf (C) P.V. ,uh[kd;dhH (D) re;jhdk; 57. FbauRj; jiytH 5 Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw xU epjpf; FOit epakpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd $Wk; rl;l g;gphpT. (A) Act 280 (B) Act 246 (C) Act 352 (D) Act 356 58. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; 275 gphptpd; gb khepyq;fSf;F tUtha; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk; NghJ kj;jpa muR toq;FtJ. (A) fld; cjtp (B) khdpa cjtp (C) tq;fp fld; (D) thp tUtha; 59. kj;jpa muR> khepy muRf;F khdpak; toq;Fk; rl;lg;gphpTfs;. (A) 375 (B) 278 (C) 282 (D) midj;Jk; PG TRB ECONOMIC STUDY MATERIALS BY ARCHANA KUMAR M.A.,B.Ed., D.T.ed.,HDCA.(ENGLISH) DHARMAPURI.
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60. KjyhtJ epjpf;FO mwpf;if mspj;j Mz;L. (A) 1957 (B) 1960 (C) 1952 (D) 1950 61. vl;lthJ epjpf;FOtpd; jiytH. (A) J.M. Nryl; (B) Y.B. rthd; (C) N.K.P. rhy;Nt (D) A.K. re;jh 62. gj;jhtJ epjpf;F Otpd; jiytH. (A) K.C. ge;j; (B) N.K.P. rhy;Nt (C) Y.B. rthd; (D) A.M. F];Nuh 63. 12 tJ epjpf;FO mwpf;if mspj;j Mz;L. (A) 2004 (B) 2005 (C) 2006 (D) 2007 64. ehd;fhtJ epjpf;FOtpd; jiytH. (A) A.K. re;jh (B) kfhtPH jpahfp (C) P.V. uh[kd;dhH (D) Nf. gpukhde;j nul;b 65. gj;jhtJ epjpf;F O mikf;fg;gl;l Mz;L. (A) 1998 (B) 2004 (C) 1982 (D) 1995 66. Kjy; epjpf;F O khepyq;fspd; tUkhd thp gq;if 50% ypUe;J vj;jid rjtPjkhf caHj;jpaJ. (A) 60% (B) 55% (C) 65% (D) 52% 67. Kjy; epjpf;F Otpy; Maj;jPHit tUthapy; khepyq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;l rjtPj k;. (A) 40% (B) 50% (C) 25% (D) 30% 68. Nghghy; vhpthA tpgj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tHfSf;F cjTkhW ghpe;Jiuj;j epjpf;FO. (A) 7 tJ epjpf;F O (B) 8 tJ epjpf;FO (C) 9 tJ epjpf;FO (D) vJTkpy;iy 69. gQ;rk;> nts;sk; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J epthuzk; ngw epiyahd epthuz epjp xd;iw khepy muRf;F toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;W fUjpa epjpf;FO. (A) 6 tJ epjpf;F O (B) 7 tJ epjpf;FO (C) 3 tJ epjpf;FO (D) 2 tJ epjpf;F O 70. kf;fs; njhif> khepyq;fspd; jyh tUkhdk;> khepyq;fspd; jdpg;;gl;l gpur;ridfs; Mfpaitfspd; mbg;gilapy; epjp xJf;fPL mika Ntz;Lk; vd KbT nra;ag;gl;l FO. (A) Kjy; epjpf;FO (B) 8 tJ epjpf;FO (C) A.K. re;jh FO (D) fhl;fy; FO 71. 1957 k; Mz;L [dehaf guty; Kiw vDk; nfhs;ifj; jpl;l Kk;> gQ;rhaj;J mikg;Gfs; %d;W mLf;F mikg;Gfshf mika ghpe;Jiuj;j FO. (A) fhl;fpy; FO (B) Y.B. rthd; FO (C) gy;te;j;u ha; Nkj;jh FO(D) vJTkpy;iy 72. cs;shl;rp vy;iyf;Fs; te;j ilAk; my;y J ntspNa mDg;gg;gLk; nghUl;fs; kPJk; gazpfs; kPJk; tpjpf;fg;gLk; thp. (A) Mf;l;uha; thp (B) nlHkpdy; thp (C)njhopy; thp (D) Rq;f thp 73. cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs; njhopy; thpapid tpjpj;j Mz;L. (A) 1939 (B) 1949 (C) 1959 (D) 1969 74. nghUshjhu rf;jp xU rpyH ifapy; Ftpf;fg;gLtij jilnra;tjw;fhf $l;L Jiwia Vw;gLj;j ghpe;Jiu nra;j fkpl;b. (A) fhl;fpy; FO (B) Nkj;j h FO (C) jl; fkpl;b (D) Kjy; epjpf;FO 75. cuj; njhopw;rhiyfs; ,aq;F tJ. (A) fld; njhifapy; (B) khdpa njhif (C) njhFg;G epjp (D) $l;luR epjp 76. ‘mnkhpf;fhtpd;; Kjyhspj;Jtk;‛ vd;Dk; E}y; vOjpatH. (A) R.D. Fg;j h (B) J.S. kpy; (C) fhy;];gphpj; (D) G.K. \h PG TRB ECONOMIC STUDY MATERIALS BY ARCHANA KUMAR M.A.,B.Ed., D.T.ed.,HDCA.(ENGLISH) DHARMAPURI.
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77. ‘Ntiytha;gG ; nghUspay;‛ vd;Dk; E}iy ntspapl;ltH. (A) gpypg;]; (B) tpf;] y; (C) nyHdH (D) `pf;]; 78. tUkhd thpapid kj;jpa murplNk ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd ghpe;Jiuj;j FO. (A) nk];ld; FO (B) jl; fkpl;b (C) fhl;fpy; FO (D) Nkj;jh FO 79. cs;shl;rp mikg;gpd; mbj;jskhf miktJ. (A) efuhl;rp (B) Ng&uhl;rp (C) fpuhkgQ;rhaj;J (D) khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J 80. khepy muRf;F k;> fpuhk gQ;rhaj;Jf;F k; ,ilgl;l mikg;ghf tpsq;FtJ. (A) efuhl;rp (B) khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J (C) khefuhl;rp (D) Ng&uhl;rp 81. midj;J tsq;fspd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; murpd; tUkhdk;. (A) nghJr;nryT (B) nghJtUtha; (C) nghJepjp (D) vJTkpy;iy 82. gzthl;lk; fhyj;jpy; gw;whf;Fiw epjpahf;fj;ijf; ifahz;lhy; ngUFtJ. (A) nghJf;fld; (B) nghJepjp (C) nghJr;nryT (D) njhFg;Gepjp 83. tuT nryT jpl;l mwpf;ifia ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; rkHgpf;F k; rl;l g;gphpT. (A) 112 (B) 175 (C) 152 (D) 275 84. nghJr;nryitf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; FO. (A) kjpg;gl P ;Lf;FO (B) nghJfzf;Ffs; FO (C) epHthff; FO (D) midj;Jk; 85. gw;whf;F iw epjpahf;fj;ij ,jd; %yk; rhpfl;lyhk;. (A) Nrkpg;G (B) ikatq;fp fld; (C) Gjpa gz ntspaPL (D) midj;Jk; 86. thp tpjpg;G> nghJr;nryT> nghJf;fld;> epjp epHthfk; rk;ge;jkhd murpd; nfhs;if. (A) nghJ nryT (B) epjpf;nfhs;if (C) nghJf;fld; (D) vJTkpy;iy 87. cyfg; ngUke;jk; Vw;gl;l Mz;L. (A) 1920 (B) 1940 (C) 1930 (D) 1950 88. gztPf;ff; fhyj;jpy; nghUshjhu khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;j thpfis. (A) mjpfhpf;fyhk; (B) Fiwf;fyhk; (C) rkepiygLj;Jjy; (D) tpjpf;fhky; ,Uf;fyhk; 89. gzthl;lf; fhyj;jpy; nghUshjhu khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;j thpfis. (A) mjpfhpf;fyhk; (B) Fiwf;fyhk; (C) tpjpf;fhky; ,Uf;fyhk; (D) midj;Jk; 90. nghJr;nryT mjpfhpf;fpd;w nghOJ kf;fspd; thq;Fk; rf;jp. (A) FiwAk; (B) mjpfhpf;F k; (C) rkkhf ,Uf;Fk; (D) midj;Jk; 91. nghJr; nryT Fiwfpd;w NghJ kf;fspd; thq;Fk; rf;jp. (A) FiwAk; (B) mjpfhpf;F k; (C) rkkhf ,Uf;Fk; (D) vJTkpy; iy 92. gztPf;ff; fhyj;jpy; nghJr;nryit. (A) mjpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk (B) nra;ahky; tpl Ntz;Lk; (C) Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;(D) A kw;Wk; B 93. gzthl;lf; fhyj;jpy; nghJr;nryit. (A) mjpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk; (B) Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk; (C) A kw;Wk; B (D) A kl;Lk; 94. jdpahH KjyPL Fiwfpd;w NghJ muR> mjid
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97. tUkhdk; kw;Wk; nry;tj;jpy; cs;s Vw;wj;jho;itf; Fiwg;gJ. (A) thp tpjpg;G (B) nghJr;nryT (C) A kl;Lk; 98. epjpf;nfhs;ifapd; fUtp. (A) tphp tpjpg;G (B) nghJr;nryT (C) nghJf;fld;
(D) A kw;Wk; B (D) midj;Jk;
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