Overview of National Cadastral Resurveying Program (NCRP) Tshewang Gyeltshen Director

Structure of presentation 1. Background 2. Process 3. Management 4. Status 5. Achievements 6. Challenges 7. Initiatives 8. Conclusion: Post NCRP Scenario

Background •First cadastral mapping started from Paro as per the Resolution of 50th Session of NA, 1980 •20 Dzongkhags completed in 1995 •Sarpang Dzongkhag: 1986-87

Background • The New Sathram Compilation: Paro 1985 to 1986 & Rest 19902005 • New Thrams issued: 1992-2005

Legal frame work & policies  Land Act, 1979  58th Session NAR, 1983  Land transactions freezed by Government 1992-98  81st, 82nd and 86th Session of the NAR  Land Act, 2007  Royal Command of 2007

Legal/Policy Vs. Issues  Excess land became major issue during the NSC in Paro Dzongkhag  Land Act, 1979 permitted excess of 12 decimals per acre for Chhuzhing and 25 decimals for Kamzhing & other land types.  Most Parops ancestrally cultivated land were becoming government land  Issue was discussed in the 58th NA proposing to amend Land Act, 1979  On the Command of His Majesty the King following decisions were taken by 58th NA for regularizing excess land.

Legal/Policy Vs. Issues (Contd)  Where a plot of land has defined boundaries recorded in the Thram without cost. Tax for the excess to be paid to government.  Where a plot of land having no define boundaries recorded in Thram to be considered on payment of cost & taxes.  Where a plot of land owned by a person illegally to be seized and fines imposed. However, in case of omission to be considered on payment of full cost & taxes.  Landowners possessing more than 25 acres ceiling not allowed to distribute.  Once resurvey is completed such cases to be dealt as per the Land Act.

NSC 1990-1992 & 1998 -2005  NSC in Samtse – 1990, Sarpang, Bumthang & 4 gewogs in S/Jhongkhar -1991-1992  No excess land issue raised. Some landowners have regularized excess on payment. New Thrams were issued  NSC in Ha, Gasa – 1998  Excess land became major issue and appealed Kidu to HM and reported to 81st & 82nd NA.  82nd NA extended payment of excess land cost till June 30, 2007  HM considered further one year June 30, 2008

Command of His Majesty the King  Excess land issue again reported to 86th NA  His Majesty Commanded for looking the matter personally  Commanded for research by NLC & OGZ  Commanded for resurveying the entire country for acquiring accurate & most reliable land information for resolving land related problems and providing secured land tenure

Commencement of NCRP  NCRP started in June, 2008 starting from Lhuentse  Field work completed in 17 Dzongkhags

Funding (95% RGoB & 5% DANIDA) RGoB  Initial fund: Nu. 460.340 million  Top up Fund: 800.00 million approx  Total: Nu. 1260 million Time frame  3 + 2 = 5 years

Vision of NCRP Ensure undisputed landownership as per the noble aspiration of His Majesty the King Ensure secured land tenure Establish reliable land information system Enhance land administration services simple automated system Improve land governance promoting multipurpose cadastre

Mission of NCRP  Develop an accurate and reliable land information database  Resolve land related problems  Harmonize Records (Thrams, Maps & Ground)  Adoption of ICT (Move into digital environment)  Render efficient & effective services : Door delivered, One-stop-shop, flexi time  Streamline and simplify methods and procedures  Promote work ethics and professionalism  Facilitate application oriented reliable land information

Nature of NCRP Massive, encompassing and complicated – Nationwide – Multi-Sectoral – Numerous issues No landowner is without land problem & every landowner wants more land !!

Legal frame work for NCRP          

Royal Command Land Act, 1979 Land Act, 2007 Land Rules & Regulations, 2007 Thram Updation & Land Transaction Guidelines, 2008 Cadastral Surveying Manual, 2008 GPS Control Survey Manual, 2008 Executive orders/directives Guidelines for specific cases Resolution of workshops

Legal frame work for NCRP          

Royal Command Land Act, 1979 Land Act, 2007 Land Rules & Regulations, 2007 Thram Updation & Land Transaction Guidelines, 2008 Cadastral Surveying Manual, 2008 GPS Control Survey Manual, 2008 Executive orders/directives Guidelines for specific cases Resolution of workshops

Our Guiding Principle Royal Command of 24th September, 2007 “land issues must be resolved once and for all – if we do not take it upon ourselves today to carry out a massive and all encompassing exercise, then like in the past we will only make small improvements on the existing system but leave the biggest problems unresolved and for future generations to suffer as we do”.

Inception of NCRP • Pilot project in Talo, Punakha • Lhuentse: June, 2008 (Procedures and System Development)

• Mongar: 2009 (Capacity building: Trained 135 surveyors and 100 LROs)

Public Meetings

Validation

Scanning

Gewog/ Dzongkhag

DCRC MoHCA

Pegging

Census Transfer

Control Survey

Land Transaction & Thram updation

Hearing

Report Generation

Detailed Survey

Integration

KASHO

Thram Production

RNR Data Collection

Validation

Topology check, Conversion

Geo DB

“A survey is only as good as its control”

Weather

Logistics

Transportation

Domestic problems

Surveying forested land

Absentee Landowners

Land conflicts management

NCRP Participatory approach • NCRP implemented : With strong support of Dzongkhags, Gewog and other stakeholders. Strong cooperation of the landowners Strong support and close monitoring by the Office of the Gyalpoi Zimpen.

Achieving the Goal • • • •

Ambitious vision & plan Other countries spent years Requires adequate resources objective shall be achieved - Inspirations from His Majesty the King, - strong support of Government. - close cooperation & support of Dzongkhag, & Gewog, stakeholders and landowners - continued commitment of our staff in the field

Quality control and check mechanisms Regular Workshops, Seminars, Consultative Meetings, Trainings

Quality control and check mechanisms •Data integrity checks and quality control mechanisms at various stages •Automatic controls by instruments and systems •Checks by RPs •Checks by validation team •Continuous monitoring •Checks by Geodatabase and ICT system managers

Quality control and check mechanisms

•Independent Technical Team •International Expert •Performance Audit

Quality control and check mechanisms Assessment by Professor Stig Enemark

Quality control and check mechanisms

Assessment by Technical committee

Quality control and check mechanisms

Performance Auditing by Royal Audit Authority

Capacity Development

Innovative Approach

Capitalize on multi talents and energy

Land Type

Ownership Type

Land Potential

Drinking Water Taps

CHORTENS

Road widening impact

50 meters Buffer