Pavement management is the process of evaluating, prioritizing and monitoring pavements in an effort to provide maximum benefits from available funds. In reality, it is the process of picking winners and losers in a defensible manner.
Zac Thomason, M.B.A. National Client Services Manager
Success Starts Right Here… Roads must be treated as an asset far more cost effective to maintain good roads than start from the worst
Network must be adequately funded near the steady state requirement (PCI & Backlog) long term underfunding results in equity removal that must be repaid through total reconstruction
Preconceived conclusions must be set aside Full suite of rehab activities, options, & procedures must be included
Outside influence must be minimized obtaining defensible results minimizes outside influence
#1 Finding the Go Button
Install Ready? Wrong! PM software usually allows the user to program some level of intelligence from the M&R activities/rates to performance curves.
GIS Integration Ensure adopted segmentation is adequate for pavement management. Homogeneous segmentation is ideal.
Configuration How will the system prioritize roadway selections based on condition and funding?
#2 – No End Game Determine roadway condition walking – windshield – or semi automated
Define
GOOD acceptable PCI & ROADS good, bad, or indifferent AHEAD
Backlog
these answers start the process of setting policy
Configure analysis operating parameters worst first – prioritized – optimized – “Must Do’s”
GOOD ROADS AHEAD
2015
Develop 5-year plan based on end game GOOD
GOOD
GOOD
ROADS ROADS ROADS defensible results and based on end game AHEAD AHEAD AHEAD
2016
2017
2018
GOOD ROADS AHEAD
2019
Basic Checks… Estimate #3 - Based on Average Life Cycle of Fix All Estimate
Estimate #1 - Based on Asset Depreciation
Total Fix All Cost ($)
Life Cycle (yrs)
Annual Life Cycle Cost ($)
Full Reconstruction
17,155,056
40
429,000
Partial Reconstruction
28,068,151
35
802,000
Thick Overlay
18,629,187
17
1,096,000
Moderate Overlay
19,864,935
17
1,169,000
Thin Overlay
20,752,377
17
1,221,000
Surface Treatment
2,541,450
7
363,000
Slurry Seal / Seal Coat
2,852,574
Network Valuation ($M): Ultimate Roadway Depreciation Life (yrs):
484.0 75
Annual Budget Based on Depricatied ($M/yr):
6.45
Rehabilitation Activity
Estimate #2 - Based on Average Design Life Cycle of Typical Rehabilitation
Routine Maintenance Pavement Type Miles PCC Localized Pnl Rplcmnt
Selected 377,500 Average Rehab Based PCI 55,500 on PCI
PCC Crack Seal & Patch Asphalt 455.4 Concrete 1.8 Routine Maintenance
63 79
146,700 Thin Overlay Localized Rehab 1,600
5 Rehab 2 Design Life (yrs) 25 17 5 52
571,000 Annual Program (mi/yrs) 26.8 0.4
Average
189,000 Rehab Cost ($/mile) 2,000
29,000 250,000 62,000 1,000
Annual Budget Based on Average Design Life ($/yr):
Fix All Estimate:
110,445,030
Annual Budget:
5,872,000
Annual Cost ($) 6,700,000 20,000 6,720,000
#3 - Insufficient Support and Resources GIS and Network Definition Editing, cleanup, & inventory development
IT Support and Maintenance Ranges from fantastic to total roadblock
Publishing of Results To where and how? Text, Visual, Drafts, Web
Data Updates Business Plan - No Easy Button
Data Updates…. Surface Distress Only 1 to 3 years
Funding Agency
Surface Distress and Roughness 2 to 4 years
Surface Distress, Roughness and Deflection 3 to 5 years
#4 – Not Understanding …Configuration & Prioritization Segmentation
City of Huntsville, TX Rehabilitation Strategies and Unit Rates
Rehab Code
Rehab Activity
Min PCI
B/P PCI
Max PCI
PART Unit Rate ($/yd2)
SART Unit Rate ($/yd2)
COL Unit Rate ($/yd2)
LOC Unit Rate ($/yd2)
FunCL 5 Unit Rate ($/yd2)
FunCL 6 Unit Rate ($/yd2)
Burden (%)
5
Routine Maintenance
75
77
85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
Asphalt
10
Slurry Seal
75
77
85
3.80
3.70
3.50
3.20
0.30
0.25
25
88
Asphalt
20
Surf ace Treatment / Chip Seal
70
72
75
6.00
5.50
5.25
4.80
3.50
3.10
25
90
Asphalt
23
Surf ace Trtmnt / Chip + RR
70
72
75
6.50
6.00
5.75
5.30
4.00
3.60
25
90
Asphalt
26
Surf ace Trtmnt / Chip + RR
60
62
70
6.50
6.00
5.75
5.30
4.50
4.10
25
90
Asphalt
30
Edge Mill + Thin Overlay (1.5 - 2.0)
60
62
70
17.25
16.25
15.25
13.25
11.75
10.25
25
94
Asphalt
33
Edge Mill + Thin Overlay + RR
60
62
70
18.25
17.25
16.25
14.25
12.75
11.25
25
94
Asphalt
36
Edge Mill + Thin Overlay + RR
50
53
60
18.25
17.25
16.25
14.25
13.25
11.75
25
94
FunCL, PaveType, Ownership, Traffic Don’t go crazy on too many selections
Distress Protocols
Predefined, D6433, Roughness, Deflection, Must Match Configuration
Performance Curves, Unit Rates, & Rehabs
Reset PCI
Pavetype
Software specific, Predefined, Block 2 Block – Affects Analysis
Asphalt
40
EM + Moderate Overlay (1.5 - 3.0)
50
53
60
21.00
19.75
18.50
16.00
13.75
11.75
25
94
Asphalt
43
EM + Moderate Overlay + RR
50
53
60
22.25
21.00
19.75
17.25
15.00
13.00
25
94
Asphalt
46
EM + Moderate Overlay + RR
40
43
50
22.25
21.00
19.75
17.25
15.75
13.75
25
94
Must match your local realities Full tool kit, PCI ranges, constraints & burdens Example of constraints Asphalt
50
FWM + Thick Overlay (> 2.0 - 3.0)
40
43
50
26.50
24.75
23.25
20.00
17.25
14.75
25
96
Asphalt
53
FWM + Thick Overlay + RR
40
43
50
28.00
26.25
24.75
21.50
18.75
16.25
25
96
Asphalt
56
FWM + Thick Overlay + RR
25
30
40
28.00
26.25
24.75
21.50
19.50
17.00
25
96
Asphalt
60
Surf ace Recon + Base Rehab
25
30
40
50.00
46.50
43.00
36.50
47.25
39.50
25
98
Asphalt
70
Full Depth Reconstruction
0
10
25
72.50
67.00
61.50
52.00
56.50
47.00
25
100
PCC Joint Rehab & Crack Sealing
75
77
85
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.50
1.25
1.15
25
90
5.00
4.50
4.50
4.00
25
90
14.50
12.75
12.50
10.75
25
94
28.00
24.00
24.00
20.50
25
95 96
Concrete 510
no chip seals when rut >3/8”,PCCno micro on low60volume routes Concrete 530 Slight Pnl Rplcmnt 62 70 16.50 15.50 Concrete present, 540 PCC Moderate Pnl Rplcmnt 60 32.00 30.00 when high LAD’s additional R&R50is 53triggered Concrete 520
PCC Localized Rehab
70
72
75
5.50
5.25
Concrete 550
PCC Extensive Pnl Rplcmnt
40
43
50
48.50
45.00
41.50
35.50
35.50
30.00
25
Concrete 560
Partial PCC Recon
25
30
40
127.00
102.50
93.00
76.50
89.50
74.00
25
98
Concrete 570
Full PCC Reconstruction
0
10
25
224.00
205.00
186.00
153.00
129.00
105.00
25
100
Need Year
Prioritizes Candidates in Their Need Year Based on Cost of Deferral
Operating Parameters OCI B/P
Range
Action
NPR Factor
Weighting
0 10 20 25 35 38 45 47 55 57 70 72 75 77 85 100
0 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 25 25 to 35 35 to 38 38 to 45 45 to 47 47 to 55 55 to 57 57 to 70 70 to 72 72 to 75 75 to 77 77 to 85 85 to 100 100
Critical Recon Non-Critical Recon Critical Thick Olay or Partial Recon Non-Critical Thick Olay or Partial Recon Critical Moderate to Thick Olay Non-Critical Moderate to Thick Olay Critical Thin to Moderate Olay Non-Critical Thin to Moderate Olay Critical Surface Treatment to Thin Olay Non-Critical Surface Treatment to Thin Olay Critical Surface Treatment Non-Critical Surface Treatment Critical Slurry Non-Critical Slurry Routine Maintenance Routine Maintenance
70 5 100 35 95 30 80 15 90 25 85 20 75 10 0 0
40
Prioritization is the Ranking of Streets Creates a list from highest to lowest Pavem ent Strength
Assigns Higher Priority to Weaker Pavem ents
Optimization is Process of Maximizing Network Benefit Criteria
Code
Description
NPR Factor
Weighting
Cost of deferment or cost benefit analysis Weak Moderate Strong
1 2 3
Based on LAD or 0 to 50 Score Deflection Testing Based on LAD or 50 to 75 Score Deflection Testing Based on LAD or 75 to 100 Score Deflection Testing
Functional Classification Criteria
Code
MART ART MnART MCOL COL MnCOL LOC Alleys
4 1 5 6 2 7 3 8
100 80 60
20
Assigns Higher Priority to Higher FunCLs Description
Worst First Major Arterials or Highw ays Arterials Minor or Secondary Arterials Major Collectors Collectors Minor Collectors or Major Locals Locals or Residentials Alleys or Lanes
NPR Factor
Weighting
120 100 80 70 60 40 20 5
20
Non-starter but often a required evil
Weighted or Defined Priority Pavem ent Type
Assigns Higher Priority to Asphalt Over Concrete
Majors then minors, ACP over PCC, weak before strong Criteria
Code
Description
NPR Factor
Weighting
ACP COMP PCC
1 3 2
Asphalt or Flexible Composite Concrete or Rigid
100 75 50
10
Critical or Need Year Selection Condition
All Things Being Equal Selects Low er OCI
Cost of deferment – Cost Benefit
Criteria OCI
Code
Description
NPR Factor
Weighting
Introduces Worst First Element
= 100-OCI
10
Analysis Techniques… Start Outside the System Develop benchmarks – Fix All & Life Cycle Analysis
Unlimited Budget & Do Nothing Analysis Identify deficit & cost of doing nothing
Steady State – Budget Driven - +/- 50% Plot the results, program in “Must Do’s”, re-shuffle the deck
What About Backlog?
5-Year Post Rehab PCI Can Be Misleading PCI & Backlog – which governs?
Confidence in the Results is Crucial Check results with valuations, average PCI based and life cycle analysis routines
#5 – No Defensible Results…Why This And Not That? Avenue B Pavement Condition = 63 Structural Index = 78 Deferred – High strength, not critical
Not Selected An ugly street stays ugly for a long time, but good streets deteriorate fast Reconstruction Avenue A money was directed to overlays and surface treatment
Pavement Condition = 59 Structural Index = 42 Selected – cannot be deferred, critical
#6 – Too Much or Too Little Data… ASTM D6433 – 19 Asphalt Distresses Really????? 8-10 is sufficient
ASTM D6433 was insufficient Lip of Gutter, Curb reveal, Drop off, Crossfall, Constraint Needed ditch depth, drainage quality, and Critical for good decision making – grinding & cross slope constraining width info. Deflection Testing Deflection testing would have been useless Stick to arterials and major collectors – use it in the PCI
Ground Penetrating Radar Save it for project level work
Data Collection Methodology… Sampling Versus Linear Surveys Representative samples – 100% of the segment length
Walking – Windshield – Semi Automated All have pros & cons – comfort level 100% of the segments with 80% accuracy is infinitely better than…
Step Back Look at Big Picture – Limitations Narrow streets, steep hills, alleys, short CDS High Mileage, distress variability
Methodology Must Match Needs Safety - speed – cost - distress variability/repeatability
Data Elements/Protocols ASTM D6433, Roughness, structural, surface distress & environmental
#7 – Ignoring ADA Compliance… Ignoring ADA is not an Option Evolving > slurry, chip, fog, etc.
Legal and Risk Opinion Commercial Approaches – Residential?
1 mile = 17,600 yd2 @ 30’ Approximately 25 to 35 ramps At $2,500 ea = $4.25/yd2
#8 – Believing Results are 100% Correct PCI = 72
Follow up network level testing with project level testing Network level testing develops budgets and project level completes the design
Do not assume a 2” overlay selected by the system means a 2” overlay Perform deflection testing, pull cores, and design an appropriate overlay
PCI = 69
#9 Understanding Software Options
Comprehensiveness
Engineered Solutions analytical – optimization
Enterprise Wide Solutions GIS Integration, Modular, Programming
Public Domain Cost – Acceptance
Investment
Deciding Which Is Right For You?
Buying software in the first place about 1/3 of the implementations sit on the shelf, accessed a few times a year and folks forget how to operate the system (be honest with yourself)
Buying too little software GIS Integration, rigid segmentation, black box (one size fits all approach), no assets, no optimization, no scalability, no enhancements (IRI, deflection, customization), doesn’t integrate with existing agency functions
Buying too much software empty box, open configuration, unlimited prioritization, operating parameters are customizable, high technical competency
#10 – Bonding….
DON’T ! You cannot bond your way out of an ongoing obligation Think of streets as a utility, not a general fund expense Bonding doesn’t make financial CENTS!
One Minute Close... Its Only Pavement Management horse shoes and hand grenades don’t sweat the small stuff
Start From a Good Foundation GIS, understanding, training
1Agecny, 1 Network, 1 Funding Source Avoid managing pavements by districts
Questions ?
