William Clark (1825-1910): His Pioneer Adobe Home in Lehi, Utah, and the Homes of his Neighbors and Descendants

Wayne E. Clark1 , 2016

Lehi historian Richard S Van Wagoner (1946-2010) asserted that the home of English Mormon immigrant pioneer William Clark (1825-1910) stood on a site that later came to be occupied by the Lehi High School/Junior High School athletic field2. He called it “the pioneer adobe home of William Clark”3.

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Van Wagoner had a reason to be interested in William Clark. His mother was a granddaughter of John Edgar Ross (1840-1920), who was a child of William Clark's wife, Jane Stevenson (1820-1895), by her previous marriage to Stephen Weeks Ross (1912-1849). I’m the son of Asa Elden Clark (1911-1982), the son of Asa Jones Clark (1882-1966), the son of William Wheeler Clark (1855-1934), the son of William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark. Thus Van Wagoner and I are both second great grandsons of Jane Stevenson, and William Clark is also my second great grandfather. William Clark lived in Lehi from November, 1853, until his death on 7 May, 1910. He and his wives and children were Mormon pioneers in a Mormon pioneer settlement. My great grandfather, William Wheeler Clark, lived his entire life in Lehi, as did my grandfather, Asa Jones Clark, and his son, my father after him. I lived in Lehi from the time of my birth in 1943 until I was 18 years old. After that I lived away from my hometown for most of the next 52 years until my wife and I moved back to Lehi in 2013. I was not an athlete. Nevertheless, I spent a good bit of time on the Lehi High School/Junior High School athletic field. I 2

watched Lehi High School football games there. People I knew were running around and knocking each other down on the very ground where William Clark laid himself down to rest after a farmer’s day of hard work. They were throwing or kicking things over the ground on which his barns, corrals, pig pens, corrals, sheds and vegetable gardens once stood. I knew the place when the Primary School4 and the Grammar School5 were still in place on the block north of his home. In my absence from Lehi the schools were replaced by the Lehi Legacy Center6 at 123 North Center Street and the athletic field was replaced by a parking lot south of the Legacy Center and west of the Memorial Building. Relics of the pioneer adobe home of William Clark, a button, a horseshoe, or a needle, may have remained, overlooked under the grass of the athletic field later to be buried under the asphalt of that parking lot. It’s not practical to dig into the asphalt of a busy parking lot. More accessible information has been been found in histories of William and Jane and their families and neighbors, including biographies and genealogies on 3

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The pioneer adobe home of William Clark (1825-1910) in Lehi stood on First West, just south of the middle of the parking lot of the Lehi Legacy Center at 123 North Center Street depicted above in a 2015 Google Earth areal view of the combined two block area surrounded above by First North Street, by Center Street on the viewer’s right, Main Street beneath and First West Street on the left. The lower frame depicts the same scene in 1993. The Lehi High School athletic field occupies the space occupied by the Legacy Center Parking Lot in the upper frame. The Lehi Pioneer Monument currently stands in the center of the small circle visible to the right of the athletic field, on the mid-central portion of the block. The Main Street business district is seen on the southern edge of the conjoined Blocks 40 and 49.

Family Search7. These document the early years of settlement of Lehi. The story of the northern Utah County community and its pioneers is told in Hamilton Gardner’s 1913 History of Lehi8, the 1950 Lehi Centennial History9, Van Wagoner’s 1989 Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town10 and a followup volume by the same author called Pioneering Lehi History: A 150 Year Pictorial History11. Information and photographs are currently found in the Lehi City Historical Archives12. Some of these, along with stimulating commentary, are posted periodically on Facebook13. U. S. Census records have also been scrutinized extensively in this study. In addition, Fran Clark Hafen and Matt Clark kindly introduced me to abstract books and property deeds in the Recorder’s Office, Utah County Office of Land Records14. These and the census records, in conjunction with Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps15 revealed the locations of the homes of William Clark and his sons and daughters and neighbors in Lehi. Van Wagoner described the Sanborn maps16.

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The maps are colorized. Thus it is possible to determine whether a structure is build of adobe, lumber, rock or brick. The drawings are also to scale. This is very important from an archaeological standpoint. Not only can the site of primary structures be located but also such secondary features as artesian wells and out buildings. If you wanted to locate a barn or granary site, for example, or the privy pit of your venerable ancestors, the maps would be of utmost importance. Since there were no street addresses at the time of the 1890, 1898 and 1907 maps17, the numbers around the edges of blocks provide what I call a “Sanborn address” for each dwelling. The numbers on the edges of the 1922 maps presumably represent actual house numbers. I didn't actually see William Clark’s privy pit on any of the Sanborn maps, but I can point to his pioneer adobe home and the homes of some of the more than 287 descendants, including his 13 children, 98 grandchildren, 129 great grandchildren and their spouses that were “father Clark’s posterity on the day of his 81st birthday”18.

William Clark was born 26 June, 1825, in Mitre Oak, Hartlebury, Worcestershire, England. His parents were John Wheeler Clarke (1788-1850)19 and Mary Hill

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(1796-1853). He was one of six children, three of whom apparently died in childhood20. Twenty-three-year-old “bachelor,” "laborer," William Clark of Hartlebury, Worcester, son of John Clark, was married to twenty-one-year-old Emily Knowles Bryant (1828-1850), "spinster," of Ombersley, Worcestershire, daughter of Edwin Bryant, at the parish church in Ombersley, Worcestershire, on 20 September, 1848, in the presence of Robert Martin and Ellin Harward21. Emily was the daughter of Edwin Bryant (1806-1885) and Ann Grassing (1804-1890), both of Gloucestershire, England. Portrait, Genealogical and Biographical Record of the State of Utah.22 says William Clark was “baptized into the Mormon Church by William Hawkins in 1847, and has all his life been a hard worker in the Church”. Conversely, Max Evans23 asserts that William was baptized on 1 July, 1846, his wife Emily on 1 January, 1849. He also says that William’s sister, Martha Clark (1833-1860), joined the LDS church on 30 December, 1844. William's parents and Emily's must also joined the church around the same time. Records of LDS immigration on the vessel Henry Ware24 show that on 7 February, 1849, twenty-three-year-old William Clark sailed from Liverpool, England, to New Orleans, accompanied by his father, sixty-one-year-old John Clark, his mother, fifty-seven-year-old Mary Clark, his wife, identified as twenty-year-old Emily Clark and his 16year-old sister, Martha Clark. Emily’s father, listed as 7

Edwin Bryan, and her mother, as Ann Bryan, were also on the Henry Ware. William is identified as a laborer on the ship's passenger list, his father as a shepherd, his mother a housewife. His wife and sister are dressmakers there. They arrived in New Orleans on Easter Sunday, 8 April, 1849, after a voyage of about eight weeks. Ella Armitta Clark25 says the group proceeded toward St. Louis on the evening of 11 April, 1849, but that William's father, mother and sister went on to Kanesville (Council Bluffs)26, Iowa. They were there in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, on 24 September, 1850, in the 1850 census. William and Emily and her parents remained in the western Missouri town of St. Joseph, on the Missouri River. Twenty-four-year-old William and twenty-two-yearold Emily were there in dwelling 357 on 2 September, 1850, the date of the 1850 census. Emily’s parents were nearby in dwelling 352. The next day, 3 September, 1850, Mary Ann Esther Clark (1850-1850) was born to William and Emily Knowles Bryant Clark, in St. Joseph. On 20 September, 1850, both the child and her mother died there, on William and Emily’s second wedding anniversary. William’s father may have travelled back downriver to St. Joseph after learning of the death of his grandchild and daughter-in-law. He himself died in St. Joseph nine days later on 29 September, 185027. The Lehi Centennial History28 speculates that Emily died of complications following 8

childbirth and that John Wheeler Clark succumbed to the "Chastening Rod" of cholera29. Emily's parents escaped the epidemic. They appear as members of the Mormon overland Henry W. Miller Company30 that departed Kanesville in July and arrived in Salt Lake in the fall of 1852. The Lehi Centennial History31 and other sources say that William Clark followed the avocation of plasterer in St. Joseph, a trade he had learned in his native country. At some point in time William left St. Joseph and travelled with his mother and sister to Iowa. There, on the East side of the Missouri River, at Council Point, Pottawattamie County, Iowa, on the twenty-ninth of January, 185232, he married Jane Stevenson33. Nancy R. Livingston34 says Jane had been married to Stephen Weeks Ross in New Jersey where they had made their home. She asserts that Jane and Stephen were baptized in 1840 and that Stephen was an elder in the church in Newark. In the summer of 1849 the family started for the West but Stephen became ill and they returned to Newark where he died of consumption on 9 December, 1849. Shortly thereafter Jane loaded up her children and joined a group of Saints traveling west. On the way she met William Clark during a terrific storm or flood from which he rescued her and gave her shelter. They were married when they reached Council Bluffs. Livingston claims that Jane always admitted that her first love was for her first husband, but being a widow with three small children and William Clark 9

a widower, the marriage seemed a convenient one. A marriage of convenience it may have been, but it endured forty-three earthly years until Jane's death in 1895. They stayed in the Council Bluffs area until early June, 1852. Then twenty-six-year-old William Clark and thirtyone-year-old Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, accompanied by her three children, twelve-year-old John Edgar Ross, eleven-year-old Stephen Weeks Ross, and nine-year-old Sarah Elizabeth Ross, departed Kanesville in a group of 313 other Mormon pioneers in the John Tidwell Company35. With them also were William's fifty-five-yearold mother, Mary Hill Clark, and his sister, eighteen-yearold Martha Clark36. The Tidwell Company arrived in the Salt Lake Valley between the tenth and the twenty-third of September, 1852. My Grandfather William Clark37 and other sources says they remained in the Salt Lake Valley for about 14 months and worked on the farm of Bishop Hunter38 in the South Cottonwood Ward. William's sister Martha married Stephen Hunter (1822-1900) in 1857 in Salt Lake City. They were the parents of three children born there between 1857 and 186039. Martha died in 1860 in Salt Lake City. The Lehi Centennial History40 says William Clark and his family arrived in Lehi in the fall of 1853, three years after the first settlers. Various sketches41 give 5 November as 10

the date of their arrival. Nancy R. Livingston42 says William and Jane had left Cottonwood with a company headed for Springville, but they passed through Lehi on the way and decided to stay. William's mother may have been with them, but there are indications she went to Lehi ahead of them or that she went instead to the neighboring community of American Fork. On 3 January, 1853, Mary had been sealed to her deceased husband in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City, with James Bowyer Shelley (1792-1870), an early settler of American Fork, serving as proxy for John Wheeler Clark43. She may have gone with Shelley to American Fork. If conditions in Lehi were anything like those in Payson in the same time period, and there’s no reason to think they were not, the children and many of the women would have been “barefooted and not much troubled about fashion, but looking like cotton bags with strings tied around them”44. William Clark in Lehi Portrait, Genealogical and Biographical Record of the State of Utah…45 praised William Clark, who Possessed of a high order of business ability, upright and honorable in all his transactions, he has won and retained the confidence of those with whom he has been associated in a business way, and is today one of 11

the staunch business men of his county, and in the enjoyment of a wide circle of friends. His manner is most genial and kindly, and his hearty hospitality at once makes the stranger his friend. The Lehi Centennial History46 claims that no one did more in a material way towards the city's upbuilding and asserts that no industrial project was ever commenced in the city without William Clark's assistance. He's described as a pioneer plasterer who did the plaster work on most of the early homes and public places in Lehi. VanWagoner47, says he did the interior work on the first Lehi LDS Meeting House when it was built between 1855 and 1860. Later his ranching activities became so successful that he turned the plastering work over to his school teacher step-son John Edgar Ross who plastered many Lehi homes. William Clark was also a member of the Lehi Militia of the Nauvoo Militia. During the winter of 1856 he served under Captain William Sidney Smith Willes (1819-1871), and his brother-in-law and assistant, John Smiley Lott (1826-1894), in a series of skirmishes with Indians in Cedar Valley and around Pelican Point on the west shore of Utah Lake called the Tintic War48. According to Van Wagoner49, William Clark was one of eleven men under Captain Willes and Assistant Commander Lott who left Lehi on February 24, 1856, and traveled across frozen Utah Lake to Pelican Point to 'bring the families and cattle from the herd ground to save them from the Indians”. They 12

spent a day gathering the cattle, then started to drive them home the next day. At sunset they camped near a grove of cedars at the Mounds, south of Pelican Point. When Sylvanus Collett hiked up the mountainside for firewood he was shot three times and scalped. He retreated to camp just ahead of the Indian attack from approximately fifteen braves who forced the Lehi men to retreat to a position near the lakeshore. John Catlin was killed and George Winn died two days later from wounds received. William Clark was wounded in the lower lip by a flying piece of rock kicked up by an Indian bullet. He cried “I am shot, boys, I am shot.” Van Wagoner says that prompted responses from “town humorists”. One of the men crossed the ice in darkness to summon a relief company that escorted the party back to town. As a member of the Second Company of the Nauvoo Legion-Lehi Militia50 William Clark was called to Echo Canyon51 during the Utah War52. That's when the U.S. Army, under Albert Sidney Johnston, was sent to Utah to install Albert Cumming as governor of the Utah Territory to replace Brigham Young. Through October and November of 1857, between 1,200 and 2,000 Mormon militiamen were stationed in the Echo Canyon and Weber Canyon passes. In heavy snowfall and intense cold, the militiamen built fortifications, dug rifle pits and dammed streams and rivers in preparation for a possible battle with the federal troops who would be obliged to use the passes to get to the Salt Lake Valley. Hamilton Gardner53 notes that 13

William Clark and fifteen others made up the roll of volunteers from Lehi. One of the men had no shoes until they arrived in Salt Lake City. Then he procured an old pair from William Clark who in turn bought the only pair in a store for sixteen bushels of oats. They were large and ungainly footgear, but he made do with them. VanWagoner54 says William Clark was a successful farmer, and one of the first Lehi citizens to engage in the sheep industry. He became wealthy raising sheep with partner William H. Winn. These pioneer sheepmen grazed their animals on the local hills and established shearing and lambing grounds in Tickville, as the hills northwest of Lehi were (and are still) called. The Centennial History describes William Clark as an organizer and director in the People's Cooperative Mercantile Institution, the Lehi Irrigation Company, and one of the primary proponents of the Lehi Commercial and Savings Bank in 1891. He served as Lehi City Council for a short time in 1861, was appointed Alderman for the remainder of his term through 1862, and Served as Lehi Councilor 1865-74, 1877-79, 1880, and 1881-82. He was road supervisor for a series of years, and served a long time as pound keeper. He was active in the church and filled a mission to England in 1880. He served as a counselor to Bishop T. R. Cutler until Lehi was divided into four wards in 190355. Hamilton Gardner’s 1913 History of Lehi56, however, says that "on account of old age and 14

failing health he resigned November 23, 1902. At the time of his death in 1910 he was patriarch of the Alpine Stake57. The Pioneer Adobe Home of William Clark Van Wagoner58 wrote that at the time of her death on 21 September, 1895, William Clark's wife Jane was at the family home that stood in the middle of the athletic field west of the Memorial Building in Lehi. He says she had spent all the years of her life in Lehi with William Clark. He says William “assisted Jane in her benevolent efforts,” and with their children. The pioneer adobe home of William Clark is depicted at position 23 on Block 40 in Lehi on the 1890, 1898 and 1907 maps and at position 66 on the 1922 map. Census records and Utah County property records confirm Van Wagoner’s assertion that William Clark’s pioneer adobe home was on the site that came to be occupied by the Lehi High School/Junior High School athletic field. In his day Block 40 was bounded on the North by First North Street, on the East by Center Street, on the South by Main Street and on the West by First West Street. That’s also true today except that First North Street was closed in 1930 at the time of the installation of the athletic field which joined Block 40 to Block 49, the present Legacy Center block immediately to the North.

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In pioneer times Block 40 must have looked pretty much like the other sixteen blocks that stood surrounded by the 12-foot-high wall of the old Lehi fort. Over the years, Block 40 and the neighboring Block 48 and Block 49 were transformed into a major part the civic, educational and commercial center of the town. Beginning in the year 1900 the southern part of Block 40 became the scene of increasing expansion of the Main Street business district. The early 1920s saw the removal of at least two adobe homes to make way for the Memorial Building and the attached Carnegie Library on the Northeast portion of the block. Removal of a jail and the rest of the adobe homes and other structures and installation of the athletic field in their places in 1930 would mark the transformation of the block into the scenes that existed in my own school days. Back then, in the 1950s, incorporation of the John Hutchings Museum with the Memorial Building had not yet occurred and Pioneer Park and the parking lot that extends south of the Lehi Legacy Center were not yet in place. The Legacy Center was preceded by the Primary School and the Grammar Schools on Block 49. Before the schools, that block had been site of a small adobe dwelling at Position 67. That was the home of one of William Clark’s plural wives, Margaret Boardman (1840-1894), and her children. Another small adobe home stood near the Position 23 pioneer adobe home of William Clark on Block 40. It was at Position 3 on Block 40. It was also on the future site of athletic field then of the Legacy 16

Center parking lot. It was the home of William Clark’s son, William Wheeler Clark and his wife at the time of the birth of my own grandfather in 1882. Others occupied the home down through the years. The home can be seen in the background of a photograph of the Lehi Pioneer Monument from the 1950 Lehi Centennial History59. A house with the appearance of a pioneer adobe home is depicted in an undated photograph60 identified as the “William Clark Home.” After careful consideration of the photograph and after examining the setting of the neighborhood and the people who lived there in his time, I’ve concluded that the house in the photograph is indeed the pioneer adobe home of William Clark. There was no house number on the home when the photograph was taken. Nevertheless, I’m confident the photographer was standing in front of the Position 23 dwelling on First West Street, a short distance north of the center of Block 40, between First North Street and Main Street. The two people seen in the picture standing in front of the home are not identified, but presumably the gentleman with the hat is William Clark himself. The woman beside him must have been his daughter Mary Jane Clark (1870-1948). One of William Clark's grandchildren, Juliet Evans (1887-1980)61 says her grandfather was very tall, a big, good looking man, “Big and nice looking.” The man in the picture may be construed to fit that description. The photograph must 17

have been taken after Jane Stevenson’s death on 21 September, 189562, and before William and Mary Jane moved to a home on First North Street some time before 7 May, 1910, the day of William's death. William Clark was probably in the Position 23 home on Block 40 in every available U. S. census63 taken during his time in Lehi except his last in 1910. Jane Stevenson was with him in the pioneer adobe home in all but the 1900 and 1910 censuses. William was still there in the 1900 Census, but one of his daughter’s, Mary Jane Clark (1870-1948), was the only other person with him on the day of the census taker’s visit. The 1910 Census, William’s last, reveals that he and Mary Jane were in or near the home of William's son-in-law, George Albert Wall (1860-1938) and his wife, another of William’s daughters, Hannah Marie Clark (1861-1937). William appears to have spent his final days in that home on Block 48, the block immediately east of Block 49 and kitty-corner northeast of Block 40. It's depicted on First North Street between Center Street and First East Street at position 48 on the 1898 and 1907 maps and at position 55 on the 1922 map. That would have signified a 55 East, 100 North address. Block 48 was also the site of important facilities in Lehi. From 1903 until Lehi High School/Junior High School64 was built there in 1921, a tithing yard occupied the Northwest quadrant of the block, the Southeast corner of 18

the intersection of Center Street and Second North Street. Another landmark built about the same time as the school, the old Fifth Ward meetinghouse, stood on the opposite corner of Block 48 on the Northwest corner of First North Street and First East Street. Today Lehi Fire Station 81, the Lehi City Administrative Offices and the Lehi Public Library and parking lots occupy the block. William Clark and his wives, children and neighbors would not recognize the area today. William Clark’s Wives and Children In his tribute to Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, Richard Van Wagoner65 noted that William Clark, like most prominent Lehi men of the nineteenth century, was a polygamist66. In fact, William Clark had six wives over his lifetime, four of them simultaneously for at least a brief time. In all, he was the father of thirteen children by four of his six wives. William Clark and his wives fit squarely into the Territorial Utah pattern described by Brenda Case Sheer67. Until the late 19th century, Mormons practiced plural marriage, that is, a husband might have several wives, depending primarily on his ability to support several families. The very large lots of the town were not created in order to support a very large, plural family on one lot: most plural wives who had children had their own lot and house. Normally, only childless, “sister” 19

wives would live in the same dwelling. The Plat of Zion anticipated a quasi-communal economic and spiritual life, which polygamy also supported by intertwining families and lessening the influence of the monogamous nuclear family vis a vis the church authority. When lots were initially distributed to the early pioneers, the men with large numbers of wives obtained many more lots, an economic advantage that was to redound to certain families for many generations. These lots were not usually abutting, suggesting a certain isolation and independence for plural wives and a peripatetic lifestyle for the husband. Five of William Clark’s wives are discussed by Marilyn D. Johnson and C. Brent Bargeron68. Two of them, Jane Stevenson and Margaret Boardman, were long term residents of Lehi. Jane lived with William in the Position 23 adobe home on Block 40 and Margaret lived a short distance up First West Street on Block 49. Jane was married to William in Iowa in January of 1852. She and her three children by her previous marriage crossed the plains with him that year. She was by his side in Lehi until her death in 1895. She bore him seven children and was a constant in his life and in the pioneer adobe home. William and Jane’s granddaughter Juliet Evans69 says she wasn't as well acquainted with her grandfather as she was with her grandmother “because she was a little more affectionate and was there” in the home. She says her grandfather “would probably be working away when we'd 20

go, we didn't see him.” That probably fit the Territorial Utah pattern as well. The marriages of the other four women to William Clark were of brief duration. That applies William Clark’s first wife, Emily Knowles Bryant (1827-1850), though the circumstances were quite different in her case. She and William were married in England in 1848. They migrated to America with his parents and her’s in 1849, but she didn’t make it to Lehi. She died in St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1850, as did William’s father. William and his mother and sister moved on to western Iowa where he met and married Jane Stevenson in January, 1852, in Iowa70. William and Jane and her three children from her previous marriage71, along with William’s mother and sister, crossed the plains to the Utah Territory later that year. William’s mother died soon after their arrival in Utah and his sister married and remained in Salt Lake, but William and Jane and her children, along with a daughter born to them shortly after their arrival in Utah, Emily Jane Clark (1853-1945), moved south to Lehi in 1853. William and Jane had one son and six daughters72 in Lehi. They raised those children and one adopted granddaughter73 in the Position 23 pioneer adobe home on the future athletic field. William took his first plural wife, Julia Ann Zimmerman (1829-1915), on 15 August, 1863, in Great Salt Lake City. Julia Ann was the daughter of Mormon German immigrants Georg Gottlob Zimmermann (1781-1866) 21

and Juliana Hoke (1798-1864). She was a widow with three children, all born in Springville, Utah, between July, 1853, and November, 1857. Two children were born to William and Julia Ann in Lehi74. These children do not appear in a census in Lehi. Brenda Provow75 says William married Julia Ann because she had two teenage sons. She says he would send them out to work for others and collect their earnings, that he was a slave driver, and that Julia Ann divorced him. She resumed her previous married name, Drury, and appears as forty-one-year-old Julia Drewery with her children in Hyde Park, Cache County, Utah Territory, in the 1870 Census. The fact that the two children Julia Ann bore to William Clark were born in Lehi indicates that she resided in Lehi, but there are no records to indicate where their home might have been. Provow says Julia Ann left William after the birth of her second child. That child, Rosina Tirzah Clark (1866-1952), was born on 20 February, 1866. Brenda Provow also asserts that when the “polygamy laws were done away with William chose the younger more beautiful wife and left Julia to fend for herself.” It’s true that William’s next plural wife, Margaret Boardman, was a younger woman, but rather than being “done away with” around the time of the assumed divorce, polygamy laws were about to become much more onerous. Nevertheless, the reference to the “younger more beautiful wife” might indicate that Julia Ann was still in Lehi until some time after William’s marriage to Margaret Boardman on 20 April 1867. That may have given William at least three wives in Lehi simultaneously 22

after April 1867, before Julia Ann’s departure some time before July 1870 when she was found in Cache County. Julia Ann died on 15 June, 1915, in Fairview, Franklin County, Idaho76. William Clark's third plural wife was Margaret Boardman (1840-1894). He married Margaret on 20 April, 1867, in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City. Like William, she was from England. According to Fran Clark Hafen, et al.77, she, was born in Preston, England. After joining the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Margaret’s family maintained the former mission home in Manchester, England, then migrated to the United States. She left England from Liverpool with her parents. They arrived in New York City on 9 June, 186678, before traveling on to Utah79. They initially settled in Lehi, where Margaret met William. He was fifteen years older than she. William and Margaret Boardman80 had three children81, all born in Lehi. Juliet Evans82 wrote of her “Uncle James and Tom and Mary Jane" that they "lived, about the next block up their home was.” That was the Position 67 home on First West Street on Block 49. Margaret appears to have lived there, a little less than one full block north of the pioneer adobe home from the time of her marriage to William in 1867 until her death in 1894. Margaret and her oldest child, two-year-old Thomas Henry Clark, were in dwelling 76 in the 1870 Census. Ten years later she and seventeen-year-old Thomas Henry, nine23

year-old Mary Jane and four-year-old James were in dwelling 140 in the 1880 Census. They were undoubtedly in the Position 67 home on Block 49. Those living arrangements, more than one wife, each wife with her children in a separate home, were common in Lehi in those days. The fifth of William Clark's wives was Rachel Wymer (1800-1872). William married Rachel the same day he married Margaret Boardman, 20 April 1867, in Salt Lake City. A note on William’s record on Family Tree83 says Rachel Latrille, whose married name was "Whymer," was an “old lady” born about 1800 who admired William. The note asserts that she and William were sealed “by proxy” on 19 April 1867, that they never lived together, and suggests she never left England. The note also asks if William served a mission in England and suggests that if so he may have met Rachel there. William did serve a mission to England, but that was in 1880, too late for the implied connection to have affected the 1867 marriage. Rachel was married to Horatio Latrielle (1801-Deceased) on 20 November, 1823, in London84. The couple had six children, including a daughter, Mary Matilda Latrielle (1834-1916), who was born England but died in Provo, Utah. Rachel in fact did leave England. Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel 1847– 186885 records that in 1856, fifty-five-year-old Rachel Whymer Latrielle came to Utah with her daughter, who 24

This handwritten entry is in a thin, black book in the possession of a descendent of William Clark. Randy Fenn. son of Harold Fenn (1926-2013) and Bertha Clark (1918-1999). I’m confident that it was a possession of William Clark. Signatories are A. H. Lund, A. C. Smyth and M. R. Farnsworth, Recorder.

was twenty-one years old and single at the time, in the John A. Hunt Company86. Dan Jones (1819-1862) was also in the Hunt company87. The daughter, Mary Matilda, was married to Jones on 18 February, 185788, two months after the Hunt Company wagons arrived in Salt Lake City on 10 December, 1856. Dan Jones is famous for his association with the prophet Joseph Smith and for his missionary activities in Wales89. Mary Matilda was his third plural wife90. Two children were born to Dan and Mary Matilda in Provo. It would appear that the Joneses settled there soon after their 1857 marriage. Dan Jones died in Provo on 3 January 1862. 25

Afterward Mary Matilda married Thomas Vincent in Provo. They had six children between 1862 and 187891. Mary Matilda Latrielle Jones Vincent was buried in 1914 in Provo92. Mary Matilda's mother, sixty-one-year-old Rachel "Laetriel" was in dwelling 1217 in Ward 16, Great Salt Lake, Utah Territory, in the 1860 Census93. She was one of two female servants in the home Alfred Cumming and his wife. Cumming had been appointed governor of the Utah Territory in July 1857 by President James Buchanan94 and escorted to the Utah Territory by Johnston’s Army95. Presumably Rachel was still living in Salt Lake in April, 1867, when she and Margaret Boardman were married to William Clark. Rachel would have been sixty-six years old in 1867. She had no children by William who may have been encouraged to take her into his household to provide a home for an aging widow with no other means of support. She died and was buried in Provo in 187296, indicating that she had gone to live there with her daughter. Julia Ann Zimmerman (1829-1915), Rachel Wymer (1800-1872) and Margaret Boardman (1840-1894), then, were three women William Clark married after he had married Jane Stevenson. They were his plural wives since he was married to them simultaneously, in addition to Jane, for a time. According to Fran Clark Hafen, et. al97 William left Lehi to serve a mission to England on April 9, 26

1880, when Margaret’s youngest child was not quite five. She asserts that he left four wives and 13 children to take care of themselves. William did go on a mission in 1880. The Salt Lake Herald, April 8, 1880, report of the Fiftieth Annual Conference98, Wednesday, 7 April, 10 a.m., lists “William Clark, Lehi,” as one of ten men called as missionaries to “Southern States.” The newspaper apparently put his name in the wrong place. By all accounts William returned as a missionary to his native England. He appears to have had only two wives, Jane Stevenson and Margaret Boardman, not four, to leave behind on 9 April, 1880. Julia Ann Zimmerman had left him some time before 1870 and the fourth wife inferred to have been left behind, Rachel Wymer (1800-1872), had died eight years earlier. Fran Clark Hafen, et. al,99 also assert that in 1890, when the Manifesto was announced, William ensured that his wives and children were comfortable but was determined to follow the prophet in the new counsel regarding polygamy. Though he cared for his family’s physical needs, he became removed from their everyday lives. Young James continued to help his father with chores on the farm and with the sheep business but he lived with his mother and siblings. There may be some truth in that, but Margaret and her children had lived in their separate houses from the time of the marriage of William and Margaret and there’s no reason to think that the 1890 27

manifesto changed that. William, Jane and Margaret were in the Manti Temple together two year after the Manifesto. The names of four of William Clark's wives, Emily Knowles Bryant Clark, Jane Stephenson Clark, Rachel Whymer Clark, and Margaret Boardman Clark, are listed under his name under the inscription “Second Anointings, Manti Temple. 30 Nov. 1892”100. Notation on the entry indicates that Jane Stevenson stood proxy for Emily Knowles Bryant and that Margaret Boardman stood proxy for Rachel Whymer in the temple that day. The absence of the name of Julia Ann Zimmerman from the lists suggests that she had obtained a divorce from William, as Brenda Provow asserted. Long after Julia Ann Zimmerman had left Lehi, and after the deaths of Jane Stevenson, Margaret Boardman and Rachel Wymer, William Clark married one more time, making six wives in all. The following lines are from a note on William Clark’s page on Family Search101. Marriages: To spouses GS 183401 p456 Entry 6526 Other Marriages: (1) Emily Knowles (Bryant), 20 Sep 1948, Sealed 20 Oct 1886 Logan; (3) Julia Ann Zimmerman (Drury); (4) Rachael Whymer (Latrille), 20 Apr 1867; (5) Margaret Boardman, 20 Apr. Ehous; (6) Hannah Angel Lehi Ward, Utah Stake Record of Members

“Hannah Angel” was Julia Ann Ingram (1844-1920), or Julia Ann Ingram Angell. Juliet Evans (1887-1890) 28

wrote102 that her grandfather, William Clark, “married a Lady, a woman. He didn't think she was much of a lady after he married her I think. And her name was Angel, Julie Angel,” “…he married I don't know how soon after Grandma died”. Juliet’s grandmother, Jane Stevenson Clark, died on 21 September, 1895. The woman Juliet knew as Julie Angel was Julia Ann Ingram Angell. William married her in Manti, Sanpete County, Utah, on 12 November, 1896103. William Clark's son, William Wheeler Clark, married Martha Caroline Ward (1860-1935) of Manchester, Coffee County, Tennessee in 1899. She had been married to Julia Ann's brother, Isaac Benjamin Ingram (1856-1883), of Coffee County, Tennessee. Julia Ann herself had been married Lawrence Washington Angell (1829-1872), also of Coffee County, Tennessee. They had four children in Coffee County, including a daughter, Julia Anna Angell (1871-1966). A Julia Ann (sic) Angell104 biographical sketch tells how missionaries from the LDS church came to the home of Julia Anna’s Uncle Ben Ingram in 1880, when Julia Anna was about nine years old. The sketch says Julia Anna’s mother, Julia Ann, by then a widow, was baptized on 26 July, 1880, against the wishes of her family. She sold the farm and took a train to Utah, settling with her children in Lehi. Her children, including Julia Anna, were baptized there on 9 July, 1882. Julia Ann and Julia Anna, mother and daughter, lived together all of the daughter’s life, except for “a few months 29

when she [Julia Ann] was married to William Clark." This marriage didn’t work out, the sketch asserts, “because she felt he was more attentive to his own child than to her.” Those “few months” extended from 12 November, 1896, until at least 17 May, 1897. That’s the date on a Warranty Deed105 that records transfer property on Block 49 from William Clark to his stepson, Stephen Weeks Ross, Jr. Julia Ann is named on the deed with William Clark as “Julia Angel Clark his wife.” Juliet Evans106 says her “father’s107 step father108 had married a lady about the same time - I think their wives died about the same time. Brother Chilton met Grandpa Clark and he said, ‘Brother Clark how would you like to trade your angel for my devil?’ He said, ‘gladly!’ ‘I'd trade her for anybody's devil.’ So they made a bad bargain at that time, so they did get stung sometimes or sent to jail. I can remember her as being quite heavy and she would sit and rock and Aunt Mary Jane did all the work.” Julia Ann appears in the 1900 Census as fifty-six-year-old “Julia Angle” in the household of her daughter, Julia Anna Angell Knudsen, and her children in Provo. She died on 7 February, 1920, in Provo109. I'm not sure just what Juliet meant when she said: "they did get stung sometimes or sent to jail," unless it had reference to prosecution of men in the Utah Territory for 30

polygamous marriages. There’s no record that William Clark was ever arrested for polygamy. According to VanWagoner110, polygamists in Lehi and throughout the Territory went into hiding when forewarned of the activities of U. S. Marshals. When young Ed Ross was questioned as to the whereabouts of his (step) grandfather, William Clark, the boy replied, “He has gone as far as you can run north, and as far as you can run west with your mouth full of chicken manure.” Some of William Clark’s neighbors on Blocks 40 and 49 and on neighboring blocks did go to jail. William Gurney (1834-1905) had a home on Block 40 and another on Block 49111. According to William Gurney, from Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, England to Lehi, Utah112, Gurney was sentenced on Saturday, 23 March, 1889, to be imprisoned in the Utah State penitentiary to 85 days and to pay the costs. Another neighbor, Peter Julius Christopherson (1843-1910), had a home on the Southeast corner of Main and First West Streets that became the first brick building in Lehi in 1875113. The home is depicted at position 1 on Main Street on the 1890, 1898 and 1907 Sanborn maps of Block 32, the block just south of Block 40. According to Peter Julius Christofferson, life story114, Peter took a plural wife in 1881 and was sent to court because of it. The judge asked for evidence that he had wives and witnesses replied, "We saw two women in his house, one washing dishes and another doing

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something else." "That's enough," "he’s convicted," replied the judge. Pioneer Adobe Homes in Lehi The Lehi Centennial History115 and other sources say that William Clark arrived in Lehi in the fall of 1853. The city blocks and roads had not yet been laid out when he arrived, and the 12-foot-high mud wall that would come to surround them was yet to be built. According to Hamilton Gardner116 and Richard Van Wagoner117, sixty log cabins had been brought from various early loci of settlement to the central fort area for security in 1853. The following year, 1854, the blocks and streets were laid out and surrounded by the wall. The site of pioneer adobe home of William Clark on Block 40 came to be on the northeasternmost of the sixteen blocks inside the wall. Van Wagoner118 provides a diagram of the layout of the blocks and the wall. The layout followed the pattern described by Brenda Case Sheer in The Mormon Grid: Zion in the Desert119 for Salt Lake City, except that the blocks were decidedly smaller. Each block inside the fort was subdivided into 8 equal lots, with equality being a central concern of the church. Self-sufficiency was a motivation in the size and layout of the blocks. Vegetable gardens and fruit trees were established on the lots in the early years, but barns and animal holding areas were discouraged in town. The lots were intended to contain a 32

single house set back a uniform distance of 20 feet from the street. Early regulations also called for shade trees to be planted along the frontage of the building lots. The laudatory Portrait, Genealogical and Biographical Record of the State of Utah…120 says that William didn’t have much in the way of physical possessions after they had crossed the plains. He came here as a young man, without a dollar in his pocket, too poor to even buy paint for the wagon in which he crossed the plains with his family… He came here when there was but a very small settlement, not over forty families, living in log cabins…. When Mr. Clark came to Utah he was without means, and had a family consisting of his wife, mother and sister to support. The first summer the family lived in Utah their principle food was bran. There’s no record of accommodations that might have greeted them on their arrival. Given the circumstances as described, it's likely they waited months or even years before they moved into the pioneer adobe home on Block 40. Mud houses, the fort wall, and various mud walls surrounded the original tithing office, the Big Field, and other enclosures. Adobe bricks were made up of the clay sediment that had been at the bottom of historic Lake Bonneville. It was scraped up from the ground near construction sites or hauled from an area near the Jordan 33

River Bridge121. Four-by-six-by twelve-inch “dobies”122 sold for $4 to $8 per thousand123, well beyond the means of some who built cellar-like dugouts with willow and mud roofs or mud houses in the same fashion as the fort wall had been built. Van Wagoner124 cites Sir Richard Burton who passed through Lehi in the early 1860s. The English traveler and adventurer described the town with its multitude of small log, mud, and adobe buildings intertwined with gardens as a “rough miniature of G[reat] S. L. City, in which the only decent house was the bishop’s.” Portion of map of Lehi, Utah, prepared under Richard R. Lyman, dated December, 1911, displaying layout of Blocks 40 and 49. The red lines indicate the position of the fort wall built in 1854 but entirely removed before 1911. The northern portion of the wall extended along the southern First North Street and along the western edge of Center Street. There was a gate at Main Street. The blocks enclosed by the wall, including Block 40, were divided into 8 building lots. The blocks outside the wall, including Block 49, were divided into 4 building lots.

The pioneer adobe home of William Clark was probably one of those early adobe homes in Lehi, but undoubtedly others preceded it. People and their place in the History of Lehi125 asserts that Swedish immigrant Anders Peterson (1808-1875) built one of the earliest Lehi adobe homes. 34

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Portion of map of Lehi, Utah, prepared under Richard R. Lyman, dated December, 1911, displaying layout of numbered blocks. Red lines mark the position of the fort wall built in 1854 but entirely removed before 1911.

Biography of Anders Peterson126 claims that his was “the first” adobe home in Lehi. Peterson arrived in Utah in 1862. It seems likely that others were living in adobe homes by then. One of them may have been early Lehi pioneer James Whitehead Taylor (1819-1891). James says “In Lehi I built me a house on a lot I drawed, the first house built on a city lot after it was laid off as a city.”127 It was “two adobe rooms”. According to People and their place in the History of Lehi,128 early pioneer Canute Peterson (1824-1902) led the first expedition to the Lehi area in 1850. Story of the Life of Canute Peterson129 says he moved his family to Lehi in the spring of 1851. He built a home on the West side of the fort in 1854. Bishop Evans allotted to him 20 acres of plow land and 5 acres of grass land on which he commenced plowing and sowing and making ditches and fences. Peterson didn't say that his was an adobe home, but like James Whitehead Taylor, he revealed something about how early settlers decided where to build their homes in Lehi. Apparently Bishop Evans allotted the plots, as in Peterson's case, or conducted a drawing for the assignment of land in the settlement, as Whitehead claimed.

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Pioneer Adobe Homes on Block 40 130 Van Wagoner131 explains how ownership of property in Lehi came to be designated after the first decades of se During the 1867-69 administration of Mayor Israel Evans, all land in the surveyed Lehi township was registered with the Federal Land Office. This allowed Lehi land owners to obtain deeds to their property for the first time. Mayor’s deeds were first issued on Lehi lots during the administration of Mayor William H. Winn in 1869-75.

Precise lines on the map officially recognized by the government of the United States of America began for William Clark and his neighbors with the issuance of those Mayor’s deeds. Records are preserved in the Recorder’s Office, Utah County Office of Land Records132. The Block 40 abstract book shows that William Clark and six other individuals received Mayor’s deeds to property on Block 40 in January and February, 1871133. Paulinus H. Allred, W1/2 of lot 2, all of lot 3 (Block 40, line 7) George Beck, N1/2 of lot 8 (Block 40, line 4) John Beck, all of lot 6 (Block 40, line 6) William Clark, all of lots 4, 5 and 7 (Block 40, line 1) Marcus Erickson, S1/2 of lot 8 (Block 40, line 3) Jens Holm, E1/2 of lot 2 (Block 40, line 5) Anders Peterson, all of lot 1 (Block 40, line 3)

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A 1911 Map of Lehi City, Utah County, Utah134, shows the layout of the lots on the blocks. The sixteen blocks inside the fort, including Block 40, were laid out in eight equalsized lots numbered 1-8, beginning with lot 1 on the Southeast corner of the block and proceeding clockwise around the block. The long sides of lots 1 and 2 extended from east to west along Main Street, the short sides of the rectangular blocks 2-5 were arranged sequentially along First West Street, the long sides of 5 and 6 along First North Street, and the short sides of 6-8 followed sequentially southward along Center Street with lot 8 adjacent to and immediately north of lot 1. The blocks outside the fort, including Block 49, were laid out later in four equal-sized lots, numbered 1-4 beginning with the lot on the Southeast corner and proceeding clockwise around the block. The eight building lots on Block 40 were assigned to seven individuals. Lot 1 (all) Anders Peterson (Block 40, line 3) Lot 2 (E1/2) Jens Holm (Block 40, line 5) Lot 2 (W1/2) Paulinus Allred (Block 40, line 7) Lot 3 (all) Paulinus Allred (Block 40, line 7) Lot 4 (all) William Clark (Block 40, line 1) Lot 5 (all) William Clark (Block 40, line 1) Lot 6 (all) John Beck (Block 40, line 6) Lot 7 (all) William Clark (Block 40, line 1) Lot 8 (N1/2) George Beck (Block 40, line 4) Lot 8 (S1/2) Marcus Erickson (Block 40, line 2)

The 1890 and 1898 Sanborn maps of Block 40 depict eight structures identified as dwellings. All of them are 38

shown to have been of adobe construction. Most or perhaps all of the buildings on the maps were in place in 1871 and probably closely approximate conditions that prevailed on the block at the time the Mayor’s deeds were issued. The 1907 Sanborn map shows only six adobe dwellings, but a frame building identified as a dwelling appears for the first time, as do several brick buildings on Main Street.

The property records cited above, as well as census records and family history narratives, show that the following individuals were at the indicated 1890, 1898 and 1907 Sanborn addresses in the Block 40 dwellings prior to their removal to make way for the indicated public facilities.

Position 3, First North Street, Gottlieb Beck, William Wheeler Clark, James Edgar Ross, Hyrum Timothy, John Comer, athletic field Position 6, Center Street, John Beck, Caroline Biesinger, Carnegie Library Position 8, Center Street, Karren Mary Pickel, Memorial Building Position 9, Center Street, George Beck, John Gurney, Charles Gurney Position 10, Center Street, Marcus Ericksen Position 14, Main Street, Anders Peterson, business district Position 16, Main Street, Jens Holm, Johannes Peterson, business district Position 19, First West Street, Paulinus Allred, Isaac Allred, Merrihew Building Position 21, First West Street, Southworth Building, athletic field Position 23, First West Street, William Clark, athletic field

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Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Lehi, Utah, Block 40, 1890. The pioneer adobe homes of William Clark (1825-1910) (at Position 23) and Johannes Beck (1843-1913) (at position 6) and others are depicted.

Two of the adobe dwellings on Block 40, the Position 23 home and the Position 3 home, were the homes of William Clark or of his descendants. William Clark was an immigrant from England. His neighbors on Block 40 were immigrants from Denmark, England, Germany and Sweden. The focus of the present document is the Position 23 dwelling, the pioneer adobe home of William 40

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Lehi, Utah, Block 40, 1898. The pioneer adobe homes of William Clark (1825-1910) (at Position 23) and Johannes Beck (1843-1913) (at position 6) and others are depicted.

Clark. The Clark’s neighbors in the other homes on the block are examined in greater detail in another document135. Those homes and their occupants are also important to the story of the Clark’s homes and are summarized briefly here. 41

Block 40 Adobe Dwellings The Block 40, Position 6 adobe home stood on the corner of First North Street and Center Street in Lehi. It was the home of Johannes Beck (1843-1913) and his family in 1870 and 1880. Beck got the Mayor's deed for the property on which the home stood in 1871, then sold it in 1877. The property was eventually purchased in 1882 by Beck's business partner Thomas Biesinger (1844-1931). One of Biesinger's wives, Carolina Hertkorn (1826-1904), was in the home in 1900. She appears to have conducted a private school in the home. In 1921 the Lehi Carnegie Library opened on the site136. Today the library building and the attached Memorial Building are occupied by the Lehi City Hutchings Museum. The Block 40, Position 8 adobe home stood just north of the center of Block 40 on Center Street. The property on which it stood was purchased by John Beck from William Clark in 1872. Beck promptly sold the property to Leonard Samuel Pickel (1806-1881) whose widow, Karen Maren Nielson (1841-Deceased), and her daughter, Johannah Fagerstrom (1871-1960), were in the home in 1880. Johanna Fagerstrom was also known as Hannah Pickle. She reportedly had a private school in her home on the site of the Lehi Memorial Building before it opened on the site in 1921137. Today the Memorial Building is occupied by the Lehi City Hutchings Museum. 42

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Lehi, Utah, Block 40, 1922, modified by Lehi City officials to reflect conditions in 1934. The Memorial Building and part of the business district on Main Street are depicted, but Lehi City officials had covered parts of the 1922 map to reflect the 1930 removal of other buildings to make way for the High School athletic field. The pioneer adobe home of William Clark had been removed from what was apparently 66 North, First West by 1934.

The Block 40, Position 9 adobe home stood south of the middle of the block facing Center Street. It was probably the home of William Gurney (1834-1905) and his family in 1860 but by 1870 it had passed into the hands Johann 43

Georg Beck (1848-1933), known in Lehi as George Beck. George Beck was in the home with his young wife that year. Ten years later either William Gurney's father, John Gurney (1801-1888), or William’s plural wife, Sarah Hughes (1845-1897), and her children, were in the home, and twenty years after that William Gurney's son, Charles Gurney (1877-1956), and his brothers were probably in the home just south of the site on which the Memorial Building was built in 1921. The Block 40, Position 10 adobe home stood south of the middle of the block facing Center Street, south of the site on which the Memorial Building was built in 1921 and immediately north of what became the Main Street business district. It was the home of Marcus Ericksen (1808-1895) and his family from some time before 1860, probably until his death. The home doesn’t appear on the 1907 Sanborn map. The Block 40, Position 14 adobe home stood on the South side of the block facing Main Street. It was the home of Swedish immigrant Anders Peterson (1808-1875) and his family. It was still present on the 1907 Sanborn map, but it was removed some time thereafter to make way for expansion of the Main Street business district. A familiar landmark, Porter's Place restaurant, is on the site today. The Block 40, Position 16 adobe home doesn't appear on any of the Sanborn maps, but it must have stood on the 44

South side of the block west of the Anders Peterson home, facing Main Street. Census and property records show that Jens Neilsen Holm (1818-1908) and his family were in there in 1870. In 1883138 Holm sold the property to Johannes Peterson (1848-1928) who lived there until 1885. The site was later encompassed by expansion of the Main Street business district. The Block 40, Position 19 adobe home stood on the Southwest corner of Block 40, the Northeast corner of the intersection of Main Street and First West Street. Paulinus Harvey Allred (1829-1900) and his family, followed by Paullinus’ son, Isaac Harvey Allred (1850-1923), and his family, occupied the home until it was replaced by the Merrihew Building in 1899. The Block 40, Position 21 “dwelling” appears for the first time on the 1907 Sanborn map of Block 40. It’s at position 40 on the 1922 map. It faced First West Street just north of the Merrihew Building. Van Wagoner139 called it the Southworth Building. It wasn't a residence. It was used by Walter Wilford Southworth (1860-1950) in conjunction with his dry goods and mercantile business on Main Street. It was one of the Block 40 buildings removed on 1 May, 1930, to make way for the Lehi High School/Junior High School athletic field. Block 40, Position 23 Adobe Dwelling: William Clark

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The Block 40, Position 23 adobe home was the pioneer adobe home of William Clark. It’s depicted north of the middle of the block on First West Street on the 1890, 1898 and 1977 Sanborn maps. Its position is designated 66 on the 1922 map. In 1929 the property on which the home stood was sold to the Alpine School District, and the following year it was removed to make way for the new Lehi High School/Junior High School athletic field. It’s now part of a parking lot serving the Lehi Legacy Center. The home itself was on Lot 4, but William Clark received the Mayor’s deed for all of Lots 4 and 5, as well as for all of Lot 7 of Block 40 on 22 January 1871140. Together, Lots 4 and 5 constitute the entire northwest quarter of the block. Lot 7 extends east of Lot 4 to Center Street, south of Lot 6 on which the Position 6 adobe home of John Beck stood on the Northeast corner of Block 40. In addition to the home itself, several associated wood frame structures and one small adobe structure, are shown on the earlier maps. One or more of those frame structures might have accommodated William Clark’s pigs. His granddaughter Juliet Evans (1887-1980) relates an incident involving the pigs141. He and grandma went away and the girls went and cleaned the house and they always put new straw each year into their ticks and they were nice and they dumped it in the pig pen and that's where he had his money safe. So it was quite a job to get in and get that 46

money out of that pen after the pigs were in it, and then he didn't appreciate it I guess. Thirty-five-year-old William Clark was in the Block 40, Position 23 home with thirty-nine-year-old Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, twenty-year-old John Edgar Ross, nineteenyear-old Stephen Weeks Ross, seventeen-year-old Sarah Elizabeth Ross, seven-year-old Emily Jane Clark, fiveyear-old William Wheeler Clark, three-year-old Martha Geneva Clark and one-year-old Mary Ann Clark in dwelling 3426 in Lehi in the 1860 Census. William is identified as a “farmer” in the census, with real estate valued at $300, and personal estate valued at $400. These are not the highest values across several pages of the census142, but they are higher than most and seem appropriate for a farmer in a relatively substantial adobe home. Four of the seven children had attended school within the year. Ten years later, forty-five-year-old William and forty-eightyear-old Jane were with their children, seventeen-year-old Emily Jane, fifteen-year-old William Wheeler, fourteenyear-old Martha Geneva, eleven-year-old Mary Ann, nineyear-old Hannah Marie, six-year-old Juliett and four-yearold Rosella in dwelling 17 in the 1870 Census. There’s no reason to believe that they were not still in the Position 23 home. William, once again listed as a farmer, owned $800 in real estate and $700 in personal estate. Three of the seven children had attended school within the year. No 47

family member was marked as being unable to read, but Mary Ann was designated “cannot write.” The three Ross children who had been with William and their mother in the home in 1860 had moved to homes of their own before the 1870 Census. Fifty-six-year-old William, fifty-nine-year-old Jane, eighteen-year-old Hannah Marie, seventeen-year-old Juliett, fourteen-year-old Rosilla, and seven-year-old Sevilla Jane were in dwelling 20 in the 1880 Census. Undoubtedly they were still in the Position 23 home. William is again designated as a farmer, but values of real and personal estate were not part of the census. The four children in the home had all attended school within the census year.

1914-1915 view of Main Street at First West from a twenty-inch-wide panoramic view of Lehi’s Main Street Historic District. The Merrihew/Dalley Building is in the foreground. The pioneer adobe home of William Clark (1825-1910) on First West Street is east the large trees on the viewer’s left. From Lehi Historical Society and Archives.

According to Richard Van Wagoner143, Jane Stevenson Ross Clark was with William in the pioneer adobe home 48

on the future site of the athletic field when she died on 21 September, 1895. Seventy-four-year-old William Clark was still in the home, which was dwelling 163, in the 1900 Census. Ella Armitta Clark (1904-1989), William’s granddaughter but not Jane’s, explains the presence of William’s twenty-nine-year-old daughter, Mary Jane Clark (1870-1948), in the Position 23 home with him that year. Ella Armitta144 says that her aunt Mary Jane “took care of Grandpa Clark until he died.” “Before that,” she says, “she had to quit school in the fifth grade to take care of her mother, who was ill, till she died.” Mary Jane’s mother was William’s plural wife, Margaret Boardman (1840-1894). Mary Jane had been with William in the pioneer adobe home when he married Julia Anna Angell (1871-1966) on 12 November, 1896. Julia Anna appears to have joined William and Mary Jane in the Position 23 pioneer adobe home until she left Lehi and went to live with her daughter in Provo, presumably before 1900. William Clark's granddaughter, Juliette Evans, was born in 1887. Her memories of her grandfather would have dated from the years leading up to the 1900 Census and beyond. Juliet145 said her grandfather wasn't as freehearted with his money as her "grandma" was. They tell me he would walk to conference in Salt Lake, she said. He was a very ambitious man. I think he made all the money and was quite well to do at one time, at that time. Now he probably wouldn't be, but at that time he was.

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Ella Armitta Clark was the daughter of James Clark (1875-1939), a son of William and Margaret Boardman Clark and Armitta Peterson (1874-1967). Ella Armitta says that her parent’s first home was part of William Clark’s house146. She adds that the house was “located two houses north of the bank on Main Street, Lehi, Utah.” She says her sister, Jennive Clark (1896-1981), was born there [on 23 August 1896]. That’s confirmed by Jennive herself who says that James and Armitta shared part of the house of William Clark, adding that they were living in the “borrowed” home when she herself was born147. Ella Armitta adds that her parents lived in the William Clark home for a year, then built a two room brick home on the bench northeast of Lehi. The bank Ella Armitta and Jennive referred to was in the Merrihew Building148 on the Southwest corner of Block 40 at the intersection of First West Street and Main Street. Paulinus Harvey Allred and his family had been in an adobe home on the site at Position 19 on the 1890 and 1898 Sanborn maps, but the 1907 Sanborn map depicts the Merrihew Building at position 18 on Main Street. Two buildings identified as dwellings are depicted on First West Street north of it, the Southworth building at position 21, and the pioneer adobe home of William Clark. Ella Armitta would have referred to the Merrihew Building as she remembered it, some time between 1919 and 1953, when it was the bank, but the building was yet to be built when her parents occupied William Clark’s pioneer adobe home 50

in 1896. Ella Armitta’s bank is labelled “Drugs” on the 1907 Sanborn map, a reminder that the Merrihew Building was a drugstore before it became a bank. The Merrihew Building is depicted as the westernmost building in a series of adjacent buildings along the North side of Main Street. The buildings are all depicted in red signifying brick construction. The Merrihew building drug store/bank and the Southworth building and the pioneer adobe home of William Clark are visible in an early photograph of Main Street reproduced in Van Wagoner’s Pioneering Lehi History: A 150 Year Pictorial History149. The photograph has the following caption. These two 1914-1915 views of Main Street at First West were originally a single, twenty-inch-wide panoramic view of the area now incorporated in Lehi’s Main Street Historic District, an area listed on the National Register of Historic Places. … Abe Ekins, proprietor of the Lehi Drug Store, sold hundreds of these cards for five cents. By far the most prominent feature on the right-hand pane of the panorama is the Merrihew building itself. The door has a “Lehi Drug Store” sign. To the viewer’s right Main Street extends eastward. On the left First West Street extends north past the West side of the Merrihew building. The street is visible to the point where it ends in a “T” at Sixth North Street, though resolution is low. There’s a 51

hitching post beside of the building, a reminder of Van Wagoner’s assertion that the photograph was taken during the period when automobiles first began to appear in Lehi. Tracks visible in the dirt on First West Street might have been made by motorized vehicles, but they’re more likely the tracks of horse-drawn conveyances. A walkway extends along the West side the Merrihew building. An August 1930 addition150 would replace the wooden sheds that occupy the area in the panorama. The roof of the Position 21 Southworth building is visible immediately beyond the sheds. Further up First West Street the Position 23 pioneer adobe home of William Clark is visible in the photograph. It’s partly obscured by trees but there’s no doubt that it’s the house in the Wilde/Montague William Clark Home photograph151. The narrow space between the barely visible picket fence and the house is occupied by those large trees. They're in full leaf so the photograph must have been taken in summer. The smoke stack152 for the heating building that serviced the Grammar School153 and the Primary School154 is visible in the distance between the back part of the Clark home and the Southworth Building. The 112-foot tower of the old Lehi Tabernacle155 isn't visible in the panorama. According to Richard Van Wagoner156, work on the tabernacle began in 1900 and was completed for 52

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The Pioneer Monument in its original position that marked the site of the remains of the old fort found in William Clark’s corral. The photographer is standing northwest of the monument looking to the southeast. The barn in the background on the right would have been on William Clark’s property. The house visible to the left of the monument would have been on the south side of First North Street. It must be the Position 3, Johann Gottlieb Beck/ William Wheeler Clark/ James Edgar Ross/ Hyrum Timothy/ Lehi School District 12/ Mary A. Stickney/ Joseph Andreason pioneer adobe adobe home on Block 40. From 1950 Lehi Centennial History, p. 202, Lehi Historical Society and Archives.

dedication in 1910. The view of the tabernacle must have been blocked by the Merrihew Building. Though apparently unfinished, the tabernacle is depicted on the Southwest corner of Block 59 on the 1907 Sanborn map. Around the time of the panorama photograph, William Clark’s property on the Northwest quadrant of Block 40 was distributed to some of his children. Mary Jane Clark purchased part of Lot 5 from her father for one dollar in 1908157. She sold the property to Jane Lewis in 1921 for $525.00, who then sold it to the Alpine School district “for one dollar and other valuable considerations” in 1929158. That explains why Van Wagoner159 mentioned Jane Lewis in connection with property that became the athletic field. Jane Lewis was Jane Sarah Goodey (1856-1953), the wife of Henry Ray Lewis (1854-1931). She and her husband were prominent in Lehi business, civic and church affairs160. William Clark similarly sold part of Lot 4, the property on which the Position 23 adobe home stood, to his stepdaughter Sarah Elizabeth Ross and his daughter Emily Jane Clark in 1908161. The deed gives the addresses of the two women as Wallsburg City, Wasatch County. The 54

women sold the property to their brother, William Wheeler Clark, in 1914162. He in turn sold it to the Alpine School District in 1929163. The portions of Lots 4 and 5 involved the sales were west of the line the 1890, 1898 and 1907 Sanborn maps show between the Position 23 and Position 3 adobe homes. Initially, William Clark owned the property east of that line to the center of the block. He had possession of the western portion of the Position 3 adobe home. Transactions with his neighbor, John Beck, would give him all of the Position 3 home and would result in the line on the maps separating it from the Position 23 home. Block 40, Position 3 Adobe Dwelling: Gottlieb Beck, William Wheeler Clark and others “As his children have grown up and married Mr. Clark has given each one a parcel of land and established them in their own home. His sons are all engaged in farming and cattle-raising.” That's according to Portrait, Genealogical and Biographical Record of the State of Utah.164 The Block 40, Position 3 adobe home stood near the middle of the northern edge of the block on First North Street. Its depicted in the background of a photograph of the Lehi Pioneer Monument from the 1950 Lehi Centennial History165. The first known occupants of the home were probably shoemaker Johann Gottlieb Beck (1836-1920) 55

and his wife Eva Magdalena Mossinger (1838-1891). They were in dwelling 16 in the 1870 Census. Johannes Beck (1843-1913), better known as John Beck, and his wife, Sarah Beck (1838-1894), in dwelling 15, were on one side of Johann Gottlieb and Eva Magdalena in the 1870 Census. Sarah Beck was Johann Gottlieb's sister. William and Jane Clark and their family in dwelling 17 were on the other side of Johann Gottlieb and Eva Magdalena in the 1870 Census. It's unlikely there were other homes between the three families on Block 40. Van Wagoner166 calls John Beck Lehi's wealthiest man. He was the owner of the Block 40 lot on which the Position 6 adobe home and the eastern part of the Position 3 adobe home stood. Neither John Beck nor his brother-in-law Johann Gottlieb Beck were in Lehi in the 1860 Census. The History of John Beck167 says the Becks immigrated from Germany to America and arrived in Salt Lake City in 1864 then settled some time afterward in Lehi. The Block 40, Position 3 home was presumably built some time after that. Property lines on Block 40 may not have been clearly adhered to in those days. Otherwise the Position 3 adobe home would have been built entirely east of the center of the block. John Beck received the Mayor’s Deed for the lot on which most of the Position 3 home stood, Lot 6 on Block 40, on 9 February, 1871168. There’s nothing about tenements on the deed, but the Position 6 home and part of the Position 56

3 home must have been on John Beck’s property. The western one-fourth of the Block 40, Position 3 home, however, was on Lot 5. William Clark received the Mayor’s deed for Lot 5 on 22 January 1871169. There’s no mention of tenements on the deed but he must have assumed legal if not tacit ownership of the part of the Position 3 home that stood on his property. In addition to Lots 4 and 5 on Block 40, William Clark owned Lot 7, the lot immediately south of Beck’s Lot 6. On 7 September, 1877, William Clark sold the portion of Lot 7 that lay east of the Position 3 adobe home to John Beck170. On the same day, John Beck sold the western portion of Lot 6 to William Clark171. The deed specifies “all and singular the tenements, their attachments and appurtenances thereunto belonging or anywise appertaining….” Unfortunately there’s no mention of the actual position of the “tenements.” Nevertheless, it’s safe to assume that the eastern part of the Position 3 adobe home was included in the deal. The Position 3 home thereafter stood entirely on property owned by William Clark. He then held all of Lots 4 and 5 as well as the adjacent western portions of Lots 6 and 7. The configuration is depicted on the Sanborn maps of Block 40 which show lines delimiting a large northwestern section of the bloc from First West Street just east of the Position 3 home which itself stands on a narrower, slightly east-ofcenter section of the block. The Position 6 home is depicted on a larger northeastern portion of the block. 57

William Clark’s Position 23 pioneer adobe home is on the even larger northwestern portion. Both it and the Position 3 home stood on property that was later to become the athletic field. The sites of both homes are now covered by portions of the parking lot south of the Lehi Legacy Center. From 1878 to 1884 William Wheeler Clark (1855-1934) and Polly Melissa Willes Clark (1856-1887) lived in the Block 40 Position 3 adobe home that stood on the present site of the the parking lot south of the Lehi Legacy Center at 123 North Center Street.

William and Jane’s fifteen-year-old son, William Wheeler Clark (1855-1934), had been with his family in his father’s Position 23 pioneer adobe home, dwelling 17, in the 1870 Census, but on 24 March, 1878, twenty-three-year-old William Wheeler married twenty-two-year-old Polly Melissa Willes (1856-1887). William Wheeler Clark: Biography172 says that after they were married, they “set up housekeeping on the Clark farm with their own home.” Polly Melissa Willes Clark: Biography173 likewise affirms that the newly-weds moved into a new home on the property of William Clark. From all indications, their first home was the Block 40, Position 3 home on First North. Although it was in town, the Position 3 home could be construed to have been on William Clark’s “farm.” It 58

wasn't actually “new,” but by 1878 the entire building was newly on property owned by William Clark. William Wheeler and Polly Melissa Clark were in dwelling 141, the Block 40, Position 3 adobe home, in the 1880 Census. Johann Gottlieb and Eva Magdalena Beck had moved from the home. County property records show that in 1879, Johann Gottlieb Beck purchased Lot 2 on Block 67174. He and his wife and children had moved to that property where they were found in dwelling 138 in the 1880 Census. They were on the site of, but not in, the home that stands today at 86 West, 300 North175. William Wheeler Clark's father’s plural wife Margaret Boardman in dwelling 140 was William Wheeler and Polly Melissa’s apparent nearest neighbor in the 1880 Census. Margaret’s home was at position 67 on First West Street on Block 49, just north of Block 40. The census taker would not have encountered another home between Margaret's home and the Clarks as he made his visits on 9 June, 1880. He was coming from north when he visited Margaret. He had previously visited William Bone, Jr. (1841-1912) and his family in dwelling 139 in the 1880 Census. The Bones were north of Margaret on First West Street, in the Position 72 home on Block 67. That home stands today at 394 North, 100 West176. The Polly Melissa Willes Clark: Biography177 says Polly Melissa bore five children in the house on William Clark’s 59

farm. It’s true that she bore five children, but only the first three Melissa Jane Clark (1879-1884), William Wheeler Clark (1880-1896), and Asa Jones Clark (1882-1966), were born while she and William Wheeler were in the Position 3 adobe home. The Clarks moved to a home in the New Survey portion of Lehi in 1884. That will be explained below. The next residents of the Block 40, Position 3 adobe home appear to have James Edgar Ross (1867-1942), his wife Rosalinda Wing (1872-1903), and their children. James Edgar was a son of William Clark’s step-son, John Edgar Ross (1840-1920). Biography of James Edgar Ross 1867-1941178 by Alinda Rose Ross (1897-1987) says that on 13 June, 1883, James Edgar went to work for his [step] grandfather, William Clark, for $15.00 a month herding sheep. Around 1889, she says, James Edgar purchased a small home from his grandfather. She says the house was located “on the block now occupied by the school, at Lehi, where he lived after his marriage and where his first two children were born.” She must have meant the Grammar School, but the only home owned by William Clark on the block where that school was located, Block 49, was the Position 67 adobe home of his plural wife Margaret Boardman. Margaret presumably lived in that adobe home from the time of her marriage to William Clark in 1864 until her death in 1894, so if they moved to a home purchased in 1889, it wasn’t 60

Margaret’s and it wasn't actually on the block “occupied by the school”. More than likely, the home James Edgar is said to have purchased from his grandfather was the Block 40, Position 3 home on First North Street. James Edgar and Rosalinda were married in February or March, 1891. Their first two children were born in 1892 and 1895. William Wheeler Clark had occupied the Position 3 home with his wife and children between 1878 and 1884. Unfortunately there's no 1890 census, so the Ross' presence there can't be confirmed. Furthermore, there's no Utah County property record of William Clark having sold the home to James Edgar. For that matter, there’s no record of a sale of the property to William Wheeler Clark either. Apparently William Clark retained ownership and let his descendants live in the home. That was probably true in the case of Hyrum Timothy (1863-1944) and his wife as well. Hyrum’s wife was William and Jane’s daughter Rosilla Clark (1866-1950). The Timothys were in dwelling 167 in the 1900 Census, apparently four houses away from William and his daughter Mary Jane in dwelling 163 (in the 1900 Census). The Timothys must have been in the Block 40, Position 3 adobe home on First North Street. There’s no record of a sale by William Clark to the Timothys so maybe it was “off the books,” but, the Timothys must have held title because they sold the property on which the Position 3 home stood to Lehi School District 12 on 12 May, 1909179. The school district in turn sold the property 61

to Mary A. Stickney on 9 October, 1909180, then she sold it to Joseph Andreason (1857-1947) on 1 May, 1916181. The Position 3 dwelling was still in place, but it’s numerical position designation was changed to 3/45 on the 1922 Sanborn map. That should presumably have made the street address 45 West, 100 North and a house with that number might be expected to show up in the 1920 Census. It doesn’t. The nearest thing to it is dwelling 54 at 62 West, First North Street, the home of renter and taxi driver John Floyd Comer (1892-1943), his wife Hazel Johnson (1897-1944), and two children in the 1920 Census. The house number west of Center Street should have placed their home on Block 49, on the North side of First North Street. There’s no house along that side of First North Street west of the Position 42 dwelling on the 1907, 1922 Sanborn maps or among the maps altered to depict 1934 conditions except a home on the Southeast corner of the block at position 35 on Center Street. That was the Samuel J. Taylor home/library home in 1920182. There seems no choice but to assume that the 62 West, First North home was the Position 3 adobe dwelling on First North Street. John Comer must have been renting the Position 3 home owned by Joseph Andreason in 1920. Utah County Property records show “Joseph Andreason c/o John Comer” involved in a 1925 tax sale on Lots 5 and 6183. Andreason sold parts of the two lots to the Board of Education, Alpine School District on 27 December, 62

1929184. That’s why Andreason is implied by Van Wagoner185 to have had a “pioneer adobe home” on the future athletic field. The Joseph Andreason property on the future athletic field was actually the Position 3 adobe home. It had not come into Andreason's possession until long after the “pioneer” period of Lehi history so it wasn't actually his “pioneer adobe home”. It might have been more accurate to have called the home the Johann Gottlieb Beck/ William Clark/ William Wheeler Clark/ James Edgar Ross/ Hyrum Timothy/ Mary A. Stickney/ Joseph Andreason/ Alpine School District/ pioneer adobe home on Block 40. The Position 3 adobe home was just north of a brick building Van Wagoner186 called the “city bastille”. He says, the jail stood twenty years on the property just west of the land on which the Memorial Building was to be built. The property on which both the jail and the Position 3 adobe home stood had been in the hands of William Clark as the result of his transaction with John Beck in 1877. The jail is depicted between the line that marked the eastern limit of the William Clark pioneer adobe home property and west of the line the separated the lot on which both buildings stood from the Memorial Building property on east on the 1907 and 1922 maps. Both the jail and the Position 3 adobe home west of the Carnegie Library/Memorial Building complex are covered by velum in the 1934 modification of the 1922 map, reflecting the fact that the

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two structures had been removed in 1930 to make way for the athletic field. The jail is perhaps intrinsically more interesting than the little adobe dwelling that was home to a succession of young families at the start of the married lives. That’s possibly why the First North Street, Position 3/45, adobe home on William Clark’s farm on Block 40 was overlooked when Van Wagoner187 listed pioneer adobe homes sold to the Alpine School District for the athletic field. Such homes might only be of interest to the immediate family of the folks who lived in them, and maybe not even of much interest to them. The Position 3 adobe home is of interest to me because my grandfather appears to have born there. Today hundreds of Lehi citizens and others park their cars or vans on the Legacy Center parking lot and walk over the site on which the building stood as they enter the building to watch their kids play basketball or indoor soccer of wrestling or gymnastics or attend the preschool or who-knows-what-else. The little old home that stood there has probably never been known to any of them. It can now be remembered by a few. Family of William Clark Outside the Fort Van Wagoner188 says that most Lehi citizens were still living inside the fort or within a two-block radius of it in the late 1860s but that after that the walls were demolished or allowed to deteriorate. A plaque on a large chunk of 64

1898 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Lehi, Utah, Block 49. The home of Margaret Boardman (1840-1894), the adobe dwelling at position 67 on the southwest quarter of the block, is on the site of the current Lehi Legacy Center at 123 North Center Street. The corral on the extreme southwest corner of the block at position 54 belonged to William Clark. It was the original site of the Pioneer Monument erected to commemorate the old fort wall.

granite at the Lehi Pioneer Park says that the last remaining section of the old fort was demolished in 1905. People had begun to spread out onto newly established city blocks beyond the walls long before that. Among them

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were William Clark himself, briefly, as well as his children and their descendants. Family Outside the Fort: Block 49, Position 67 Adobe Home of Margaret Boardman The earliest members of William Clark’s family members to live outside the fort were his plural wife, Margaret Boardman, and her children. They lived on Block 49, the block immediately north of Block 40, the northeasternmost block within the fort. Their home is no longer standing. A library, the Lehi Grammar and Primary Schools and finally the Lehi Legacy Center and Pioneer Park came to occupy an expanded Block 49. Like the other blocks outside the fort, Block 49 was divided into four equal-sized lots. Mayor’s Deeds were extended by Mayor William H. Winn to individuals for three and one half of the four lots on Block 49 in 1871 and Mayor Andrew R. Anderson issued a Mayor’s Deed for the remaining one half of the fourth lot in 1879. Lot 1, Elizabeth McIntyre, 1/27/71 (Block 49, line 3) Lot 2, William Clark, 1/21/71 (Block 49, line 1) Lot 3, William Clark, S1/2, 1/21/71 (Block 49, line 1) Lot 3, City of Lehi, N1/2, 11/1/79 (Block 49, line 5) Lot 4, William Gurney, 1/27/71 (Block 49, line 2)

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Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Lehi, Utah, Block 49, 1907. The jail, the Lehi Primary School, and the Samuel Joseph Taylor (1862-1921) home/public library are depicted.

The four lots on Block 49 were occupied by the following individuals, an estray pound and a jail at the indicated Sanborn map positions189. 67

Positions 1-4 on Second North Street, Estray pound, followed by Lehi Grammar School, followed by Lehi Legacy Center Position 6, on Second North Street, Lehi City Jail, followed by Lehi Grammar School, followed by Lehi Legacy Center. William Gurney, Position 14 on Second North Street, followed by Lehi Primary School, followed by Lehi Legacy Center. Position 12 on Center Street, Peter and Elizabeth McIntyre, followed by William Francis Gurney family, followed by Samuel J. Taylor family home/public library.

William Clark and Margaret Boardman were married on 20 April, 1867. According to William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family190, Margaret’s home in Lehi “was built for her on the site where the grammar grade school building now stands.” The Lehi Grammar School191 has now been replaced by the Lehi Legacy Center, but it's depicted on the northwest quarter of Block 49 on the 1907 and 1922 Sanborn maps. It stood entirely on Lot 3. William Clark received the Mayor's deed for the southern one-half of Lot 3, along with all of Lot 2 on Block 49, on 27 January, 1871192. The small Position 67 adobe home is depicted stood slightly south of the line separating Lot 3 from Lot 2, on the 1898 Sanborn map. It was actually several feet south and west of the future site of school itself, but it must have been Margaret Boardman's home on the site of "the grammar grade school building". Twenty-nine-year-old Margaret was in dwelling 76 in the 1870 Census with two-year-old Thomas Henry Clark (1868-1939), the 68

eldest of the three children she bore to William Clark. She was still in the home in the 1880 Census when twelveyear-old Thomas Henry, nine-year-old Mary Jane Clark (1870-1948) and four-year-old James Clark (1875-1939) were in dwelling 140. Margaret Boardman appears to have lived in the Block 49, Position 67 for twenty-seven years following her marriage to William Clark on 20 April, 1867. Members of her family also lived in Lehi for part of that time. Her father, English Mormon convert immigrant William Boardman (1813-1885), received the Mayor’s deed for Lot 3 of Block 67 in 1871193. His wife, Margaret’s mother, Mary Marshall (1818-1881), and his daughter, Margaret’s fourteen-yearold sister, Elizabeth Boardman (1855-1932), were in Lehi in dwelling 69 in the 1870 Census. Their home was in the vicinity of that of William Bone, Sr. (1812-1902) on Block 57, the block northwest of Block 49, on the site of a home that stands today 290 South, 100 West in Lehi194. That was just a few steps north on First West Street from Margaret’s home on Block 49. Another sister, Mary Boardman (1848-1931), a wife of Thomas Taylor (1826-1900), also lived in Lehi for a time. A brick structure at Position 6 labelled “Jail” is a prominent feature on the 1898 and 1907 maps of Block 49. The jail had been in place since 1893, according to Van Wagoner195, who also says that the lot west of it, on the Southeast corner of Second North Street and First West 69

Street had been the site of the city estray pound since 1879196. That explains why the Mayor’s Deed was issued to the city that year197. William Clark served as pound keeper in Lehi for a time. William Clark’s possession of the southern half of Lot 3 would have provided a buffer zone between Margaret’s home and the strays and jail inmates. Margaret Boardman died on 10 August, 1894. William Clark sold the southern one-half of Lot 3, the portion of the lot that lay south of the estray pound and the jail, and north of the Position 67 adobe dwelling, to Lehi City on 25 August, 1896198. Later, on 17 May, 1897, William Clark sold the northern one-half of Lot 2, the portion of the lot on which the Position 67 adobe dwelling itself stood, to Mary Jane Clark for one dollar199. On the same day Mary Jane sold the property to Lehi School District No. 12, for $600.00200. The home itself isn't mentioned on the deeds but Mary Jane must have gotten possession thereby of the home in which she and her brothers had spent their childhood years. She had probably moved down the street to be with her father in the pioneer adobe home by then. The Position 67 home was separated from the William Clark pioneer adobe home on Block 40 by First North Street and by at least a portion of the 12-foot-high, 6-footwide Lehi fort wall that ran along the southern edge of Block 49. A significant portion of the wall must have been in place when William Clark established Margaret in the Position 67 adobe home. Her home stood north of a corral 70

on the corner and a little more than half a block north of the wall. According to Andrew Bjirring Anderson (1866-1962)201, the last remnants of the wall had been located on the southern edge of the block which would have placed them on Lot 2 on Block 49, just south of Margaret’s home. Anderson says that clearance of the buildings on the Southwest corner of the lot "erased the last remains of the historic protection and revealed the last vestige” of the fort wall “hidden in the farmer’s corral.” That farmer must have been William Clark and the corral must have been his. The corral is depicted at position 18 on the 1890 Sanborn map and at position 54 on the 1898 map of Block 49. It was on the extreme southwest corner of Lot 2 on property for which William Clark had received the Mayor’s deed in 1871202. In 1897 William Clark sold the property on which the “last vestige” of the wall stood for $1.00 to his stepson Stephen W. Ross203. Stephen W. Ross sold the Lot 2 property he had acquired to Lehi School District No. 12 on 17 June, 1910204. The Position 67 adobe home and the frame structures on the southwestern portion of the block had been removed prior to the sales described. The 1907 Sanborn map of Block 49 depicts the Southwest corner of the block as vacant.

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According to Richard Van Wagoner205 the last remaining section of the old fort wall was demolished in 1905. Around that time Andrew Fjeld (1866-1955) initiated the formation of a committee to erect a monument commemorating the historic pioneer era wall. A. B. Anderson wrote about dedicatory services held in the Lehi Tabernacle at 10 a.m. on 26 November, 1908206. He says that a capacity audience of past and present citizens of Lehi witnessed the dedication of the Lehi pioneer monument and payed tribute to the men who built the wall. Van Wagoner says the monument was erected at that time on the northeast corner of the intersection of First West Street and First North Street207. Family Outside the Fort: Other Block 49 Adobe Homes Among the neighbors of William and Margaret Boardman Clark on Block 49 were English Mormon convert immigrant William Gurney (1834-1905) and his wife Julia Jean (1840-1900) of the Isle of Jersey, Channel Islands, England. Their home stood on the Northeast corner of Block 49, at Position 14, east of the jail. The Position 14 home, on the Southwest corner of the intersection of Second North Street and Center Street, was the second of two homes built by William Gurney in Lehi. William Gurney, from Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, England to Lehi, Utah208 explains how William migrated from England. He arrived in Great Salt Lake City in 1854 where he remained for a short time before moving to Lehi. The first of his two 72

homes was the Block 40, Position 9 home south of the site on which the Memorial Building would come to stand. The Lehi Primary School was built on the site of the Position 14 home in 1905209. Other Block 49 neighbors were William Gurney's motherin-law Elizabeth Marie Colville (1802-1874) from the Isle of Jersey, Channel Islands, and her husband Peter McIntyre (1790-1872) of Scotland. They had a home on the Southeast corner of the block. That home, on the Northwest corner of the intersection of First North Street and Center Street, was replaced by a brick home built by Samuel Joseph Taylor (1862-1921). Van Wagoner210 describes how the Taylor home south of the Primary School became the Lehi Public Library and how it was later replaced by tennis courts across Center Street from the Lehi High School/Junior High School. According to Van Wagoner211 the Lehi Grammar School and the Lehi Primary School were razed and by late summer of 1956 all that remained on Block 49 to remind former students of their school days was the heating plant with its smokestack and a small cement drinking fountain north of the tennis courts. The tennis courts were subsequently replaced by the current Lehi Pioneer Park south and east of the Lehi Legacy Center. Charles Barnes Jr. (1827-1911) was also a neighbor of William Clark. Like William himself, Barnes was a Mormon 73

convert from England. Jonah Ryan Barnes212 says that Charles had a “one-room log-cabin” near the northeastern corner of the fort, at First North and First West in Lehi. His property, Jonah Ryan says, shared a fence line with “an immortal Nazarite commissioned by God to protect the Prophet Joseph," "an appointed territorial U. S. Marshalfor-life who purportedly killed more men than Jesse James, Wyatt Earp and Billy the Kid combined.” That was Orrin Porter Rockwell (1813-1878). According to Jonah Ryan, “Rockwell’s monument stands on his own property in Lehi today, across the fence from Charles’ original homestead.” That, of course, was just outside the fort. “Herdsman” Porter Rockwell and his family were in dwelling 3518 in the 1860 Census, while “Cooper” Charles Barnes was with his family in dwelling 3517 in the 1860 Census. If Charles Barnes’ one-room log-cabin was at First North Street and First West Street in Lehi, it must have been on property that would later become the Block 49 property on which William Clark’s corral was located. At some unspecified time, according to Jonah Ryan213, Charles Barnes left his city residence and moved his family to a cabin located on the bench just northeast of the cemetery, about where Lehi Junior High School stands today [at 700 Cedar Hollow Road]. He may have sold his property on Lot 49 to William Clark, but there's no known record of any such transaction that must have taken place before the 1869 Act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah that resulted in issuance of deeds recorded on the Utah County Recorder's Office. It's 74

conceivable that Margaret Boardman's Position 67 adobe home was originally Charles Barnes' "city residence". Family outside the fort: John Edgar Ross William Clark’s step-son, John Edgar Ross (1840-1920), was the eldest son of Stephen Weeks Ross (1812-1849) and William's second wife, Jane Stevenson (1820-1895). He crossed the plains with William and Jane and his younger brother and sister and was with them when they moved to Lehi in 1853. At age twenty he was still with the family in his step-father’s pioneer adobe home on Block 40, dwelling 3426, in the 1860 Census. John Edgar married Amanda Melissa Norton (1847-1920) in 1865. They were the parents of twelve children between 1866 and 1889, all of them born in Lehi. He and Amanda Melissa and two children were in dwelling 103 in Lehi in the 1870 Census. Judging from the names of their neighbors, they were still in the same place with five children in dwelling 139 in the 1880 Census. According to Van Wagoner214 John Edgar and Amanda Melissa were among the first Lehi settlers to move from the fort. He says that for a time their dugout on the “sagebrush-covered” northeast corner of First East Street and Third North Street was the farthest dwelling from the safety of the fort. Supposedly they lived in that dugout while a more suitable home was under construction. Van Wagoner215 says the Ross house was built by the towns 75

pioneer mason, Amanda’s father, James Wiley Norton (1822-1897). It was one of at least three unusual two-story homes built in the 1860s that were still standing in 1989. John Edgar and Amanda were in dwelling 14 at 338 North, 100 East, in the 1920 Census. The house at that address today doesn't look like the Norton-built adobe homes depicted in James Wiley Norton216. A relatively new house stands now on the apparent site of the original dugout at 125 East, 300 North. Perhaps the home built by James Wiley Norton for his daughter on that site was removed to make way for the new house. The 338 North, 100 East home is depicted on the 1920 and 1934 Sanborn maps of Block 65. No buildings are depicted on the corner of the block south of it. John Edgar Ross was a school teacher. Van Wagoner217 describes the Ross School which began in 1872 as the Northeast School at 159 East, 400 North. According to People and their place in the History of Lehi218 John Edgar Ross did more for Lehi Education than any other man. He would discipline a student by whipping until “blood ran down his back and into his shoes”. He's said to have believed that a student would not succeed until the whipping had produced blood.  Edgar Ross is a good man; he tries to teach us all he can; Reading, ‘Riting, and ‘Rithmatic; he never forgot to use the stick. 76

Van Wagoner says John Edgar Ross was probably not a sadist. He and other teachers in Lehi simply assumed disciplining required proper whipping. Corporal punishment prevailed in the American school system. Ross taught in the Lehi School system for twenty-nine years, which was a record at the time of his retirement in 1897. He was appointed a school trustee and saw the Northeast School renamed in his honor on 7 September, 1897. Family outside the fort: Stephen Weeks Ross, Jr William Clark’s step-son Stephen Weeks Ross, Jr. (1841-1917) was the second son of Stephen Weeks Ross (1812-1849) and Jane Stevenson. He crossed the plains with William and Jane and his older brother and younger sister and was with them when they moved to Lehi in 1853. At age nineteen he was in William Clark’s pioneer adobe home on Block 40, dwelling 3426, in the 1860 Census. He married Genevra Ellen Molen (1845-1926) in 1866. They were the parents of twelve children between 1868 and 1890, the first four between 1868 and 1873 in Lehi, the next seven between 1875 and 1885 in Wallsburg, Utah, and the last in 1890 in Vernal, Utah. He and Genevra and one child were in dwelling 31 in Lehi in the 1870 Census. Afterward they moved to Wallsburg, Utah, where they occupied dwelling 59. They were apparently next door to the home of Stephen Weeks’ 77

sister Sarah Elizabeth and her family in dwelling 60 in the 1880 Census. Some time before 1890 they moved to Vernal, where Stephen Weeks died in 1917. He and Genevra were living there in 1905 when William Clark granted them a portion of Lot 2 on the Southwest corner of Block 49219, south of the Position 67 adobe home of Margaret Boardman. The property was the site of William Clark’s corral where the “last vestige” of the wall was removed in 1905 and where the Lehi Pioneer Monument was erected and dedicated in 1908220. The Rosses sold the property to the Lehi School District No. 12 for $300.00.221 It was part of the property on which the Grammar School was built in 1910. It was probably part of the large field that existed between First North Street and the Grammar School before the athletic field was established in 1930222. It became part of the northern end of the field itself and the track that surrounded it. Family outside the fort: Sarah Elizabeth Ross William Clark’s step-daughter, Sarah Elizabeth Ross (1843-1927), was the daughter of Stephen Weeks Ross (1812-1849) and Jane Stevenson. She crossed the plains with William and Jane and her brothers and was with them when they moved to Lehi in 1853. At age seventeen she was in the William Clark pioneer adobe home, dwelling 3426, in the 1860 Census. She married James Jackson Lamb (1835-1896) in 1863. They were the parents of eleven children between 1865 and 1883. The first six were 78

born in Lehi between 1864 and 1873; the next two were born in Wallsburg, Utah, in 1875. The eighth child was born in Lehi in 1879, and the ninth and tenth were born in Wallsburg in 1881 and 1883. She was with her husband and three children in dwelling 41 in Lehi in the 1870 Census. She was her husband and seven children in dwelling 60, next to her brother Stephen Weeks Ross, Jr., and his family in dwelling 59, in Wallsburg, in the 1880 Census. She was still in Wallsburg in the home of her daughter and her daughter’s husband and family at age 67 in the 1910 Census. Some time before 1920 she moved back to Lehi. There seventy-seven-year-old widow Elizabeth Lamb was listed by herself as family 71 in the 1920 Census. Her address on the census is given as “WE First North.” Her half sister Hannah Marie Clark (1861-1937) and her husband George Albert Wall (1860-1938) were family 70 at 55 E, First North in the same census223. The Wall's property is designated “farm” in the census. As will be shown, they were in the brick home depicted at position 48 on First North Street on the 1907 Sanborn map. A separate dwelling may have been built on the site after 1907. The 1922 Sanborn map of Block 48 shows a small frame structure slightly north and slightly east of the Wall’s brick dwelling. The lines on the map indicate that the structure was on the Wall's property. It’s small but perhaps adequate for an elderly woman by herself.

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Whatever the nature of her accommodations, it’s apparent that Sarah Elizabeth occupied the same facilities with the Walls in 1920 that her step-father William Clark and her half-step-sister Mary Jane Clark had occupied in 1910. Sarah Elizabeth is designated as the owner of her dwelling on the census, but her name isn't on Block 48 property records. The 1920 Census has another entry for Elizabeth Lamb. She’s listed as a seventy-four-year-old widow, the head of family 140, again, alone, renting at “X 2nd East.” The “X” means there was no house number. She appears to have been counted twice, at First North Street on 14 January, 1920 and again on 16 January, 1920, on Second East Street. It’s puzzling that the same person was the enumerator on both days and even more puzzling since that person signed off as S. W. Ross, presumably Elizabeth’s nephew, Stephen William Ross (1890-1952). Ross became a prominent business man in Lehi, a Lehi City Attorney, Lehi City Judge, Lehi City Postmaster and noted for the “Ross Block” (80-86 West Main) on the Main Street business district. His name appears frequently in the property records of the period. It’s hard to believe that he was personally responsible for the confusing smudges on the census sheet relating to his Aunt Sarah Elizabeth in the 1920 Census. As explained above, Sarah Elizabeth’s step-father granted her a significant portion of his property on Block 40. She 80

and her step-sister, Emily Jane Clark Sabey, were jointly granted the property on which the Position 23 pioneer home of William Clark stood in 1908. A few years later, in 1914, they sold the property to their brother William Wheeler Clark. There’s no indication that either Sarah Elizabeth or Emily Jane ever lived in the pioneer adobe home of William Clark during the time they owned it, between 1908 and 1914. Sarah Elizabeth died in Wallsburg in 1927. Family outside the fort: Emily Jane Clark Emily Jane Clark (1853-1945) was the daughter of William and Jane Stevenson Clark. She was born in Cottonwood, Utah, shortly after her parents and her half siblings arrived in Utah. She was with them as an infant when they moved to Lehi in 1853. At age seven she was in William Clark’s pioneer adobe home, dwelling 3426 in the 1860 Census. She was still in the same place at age seventeen in dwelling 17 in the 1870 Census. She married Joseph Sabey (1855-1910) in 1878. They were the parents of seven children between 1879 and 1894. The first five were born between 1879 and 1889 in Lehi, the last two in 1892 and 1894 in Wallsburg. She was with her husband and one child along with her husband's twelve-year-old sister in dwelling 238 in Lehi in the 1880 Census. She was then with her husband and seven children in dwelling 288 in Wallsburg, in the 1900 Census, and with her husband and three children in 81

Children of William Clark (1825-1910) and Jane Stevenson (1820-1895). Seated, left to right, Emily Jane Clark (1853-1945), William Wheeler Clark (1855-1934), Martha Geneva Clark (1857-1930). Standing, left to right Mary Ann Clark (1859-1930) Hannah Marie Clark (1861-1937) Rosilla Clark (1866-1950).

dwelling 202 in the 1910 Census. Her husband died in 1910. At age sixty-six she was with her daughter Rosette Sabey (1882-1972) and her family in Wallsburg in the 1920 Census, but she was in Orem, Utah, with her son Richard Sabey (1894-1966) at age seventy-seven in the 1930 Census and in the 1940 Census at age eightyseven. As explained above, William Clark granted the property on which the William Clark pioneer adobe home stood to 82

Emily Jane and to her step-sister, Sarah Elizabeth Ross Lamb, in 1908. They in turn sold the property to their brother William Wheeler Clark in 1914. There’s no indication that either of the two step-sisters lived in the pioneer adobe home of William Clark during the time they owned it. Family outside the fort: William Wheeler Clark William Wheeler Clark (1855-1934) was the son of William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark. He was the first of the children of William and Jane to be born in Lehi. He was probably born in the pioneer adobe home or whatever accommodations they occupied before it was built. He was with them at age five years, probably in the Block 40, Position 23 William Clark pioneer adobe home, dwelling 3426, in the 1860 Census. At age fifteen years he was still in the same home with the family in dwelling 17 in the 1870 Census. William Wheeler Clark: Biography224 says he was called Billy. At an early age he hauled freight from Lehi to Salt Lake City for his father with large ox teams. He was “the consummate cowboy, tall and slender, good looking, quiet spoken, competent with horse and man and filled with integrity and kindness for all,” with “steely but soft bluegray eyes that belied his English heritage.” There was plenty of room on the Position 23 pioneer adobe home

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Section 7, Township 5S, Range 1 East, SLM. William Wheeler Clark had property on portions outlined in yellow (7T5S,R1E,SLM, lines 70, 71 and 73). Map generated using Earth Point: Tools for Google Earth.

property on Block 40 and the adjacent property owned by William Clark on Block 49 to keep an ox team. William Wheeler Clark married Polly Melissa Willes (1856-1887) in 1878. She was the daughter of Ira Jones 84

Willes (1812-1863) and Melissa Lott (1824-1898). Her mother had been one of the plural wives of Joseph Smith, Jr. (1805-1844)225. William Wheeler and Polly Melissa were the parents of five children, Melissa Jane Clark (1879-1884), William Wheeler Clark (1880-1896), Asa Jones Clark (1882-1966), Mary Francell Clark (1884-1963) and Thomas Edgar Clark (1887-1920), all born in Lehi. The William Wheeler Clark: Biography says the couple moved into a home on the Clark farm. As discussed above, that was the Block 40 Position 3 adobe home, on First North Street, around the corner from the Position 23 pioneer adobe home of William Clark. William Wheeler and Polly Melissa Clark were probably in the Position 3 home in 1879 when the first of their five children, Melissa Jane Clark, was born. She was with her parents in dwelling 141 on 9 June in the 1880 Census. Their second child, William Wheeler's namesake, was born on 29 August 1880. The Clarks must still have been in the Position 3 adobe home when their third child, Asa Jones Clark, was born on 24 September, 1882. The fourth child, Mary Francell Clark, was not born in the Block 40 Position 3 home. According to Mary Francell Clark: Biography226, she was born on a “wintry day,” 4 December 1884, in a “pioneer farm house” on the "New Survey" section of Lehi. The family must have moved to that house soon after William W. Clark purchased 4.97 85

acres of land there on 28 February, 1884227. Mary Francell was born a full nine months after the purchase. The New Survey property was west of the railroad tracks and north of 900 North Street. A small cluster of what appear to be old farm implement sheds stand on the property today. William Wheeler purchased additional New Survey land on 15 March and 4 April 1892228, and more from his father, William Clark, on 1 May 1908229, but the Clark’s New Survey home was probably on the property purchased in 1884. Thomas Edgar Clark, the fifth and last child of William Wheeler and Polly Melissa, was born on 2 January, 1887. The Clarks were still on the New Survey farm. Polly Melissa died shortly thereafter, on 21 January, 1887, at the age of thirty years. William Wheeler Clark: Biography230 says Billy was alone and devastated at the loss of his beloved wife. He found himself with 4 small children to care for and support. He was invited to move back to his parent’s home and must have taken his children to his father's Block 40, Position 23 pioneer adobe home in town. William Clark had employed a young widow, Martha Caroline Ward (1860-1935), of Manchester, Coffee County, Tennessee, as a housekeeper there. She had married Isaac Benjamin Ingram (1856-1883) in 1876. Utah Since Statehood231 says they left Tennessee in 1882 for Utah. Isaac Benjamin died in 1883 in Centerville, Utah. 86

Isaac Benjamin had a sister, Julia Ann Ingram (1844-1920). Julia Ann had married Lawrence Washington Angell (1829-1872), also of Manchester, Coffee County, Tennessee, in 1867. Their daughter, Julia Anna Angell (1871-1966) left a biography232 that tells how missionaries from the LDS church came to their home in 1880. She spoke of going to the home of the “Rich Fagans" to hear them preach. Rich Fagan was Richard Thompson Fagan, the father of Joseph Franklin Fagan (1881-1956). Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: their Descendants and their Ancestors233 reports that Joseph Franklin Fagan was born in Manchester, Tennessee, but that his family moved to Texas where he lived until he was made an orphan at age thirteen. Afterward he moved to Wyoming and then to Utah where he married Mary Francell Clark in 1901. His mother, Lydia Ann Ward (1840-1893), was an older sister of William Clark’s housekeeper, Martha Caroline Ward. William Wheeler Clark and Martha Caroline Ward Ingram were married on 4 September 1889. Shortly thereafter, when Mary Francell was 5 years old, William Wheeler Clark moved back to the New Survey farm with his new wife and his children234. Mary Francell turned five on 4 December 1889. If the 1890 Census hadn’t been destroyed it probably would show her with her parents on the New Survey farm that year. They must have been in the same place ten years later when William Wheeler and Martha Caroline Clark appear with seven-year-old Sylvan 87

Ward Clark (1892-1975), two-year-old Lexia Mirl Clark (1897-1980), seventeen-year-old Asa Jones Clark (1882-1966), fifteen-year-old Mary Francell Clark (1884-1963), and thirteen-year-old Thomas Edgar Clark (1887-1920), in Lehi, in dwelling 562 in the 1900 Census. The presence of the Clark family on the New Survey farm that year is confirmed by the 1966 reminiscences of, Jesse Stanley Clark (1893-1986), a son of William Wheeler’s half-brother, Thomas Henry Clark. In Thomas Henry Clark Family235 Stan says that when he was about three years old they lived in the “New Survey, one mile or more north west of Lehi.” Thomas Henry Clark was with his family, including six-year-old Stanley, in dwelling 563, apparently near the William Wheeler Clark family in dwelling 562 in the 1900 Census. According to Van Wagoner236, the area known as the New Survey was a large tract of land northwest of Dry Creek. Settlement began there in 1868. The Clark’s New Survey home was in the area of Lehi’s “North Branch” of the church. Van Wagoner237 explains that the North Branch came about in the early 1870s when two railroads intersected in the area occupied (in 1989) by the “brick yard,” General Refractories238. The area, then known as Lehi Junction, had become a relatively self-contained community with homes, stores, railroad-related industries and a school. The North Branch was organized on 1 October, 1893. William Wheeler Clark' Salt Lake Tribune 88

William Wheeler Clark had the rectangularly-shaped property on Section 8 in the New Survey portion of Lehi (7T5S,R1E,SLM, line 194). The home circled with yellow is the probably Charles Barnes farm house that was the home of Joseph Fagan and Mary Francell Clark. The red circle marks the location of the North Branch meeting house. Map generated using Earth Point: Tools for Google Earth.

obituary239 says he “presided over the LDS North Branch of Lehi for many years before Lehi was divided into wards.” Church services were at first held in a small school building.

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Van Wagoner240 says the city council received numerous petitions for a school from people living “over the creek” in the Northwest part of town. The school board purchased property on the West side of Fifth West Street at State Street and in 1875 a one-room adobe school building was built on the site. Van Wagoner241 says the school was called the Northwest School, but in 1898 it was renamed the Franklin School, presumably after Benjamin Franklin. He says the J. P. Carter store was next door to the school, near the Southwest corner of State and Fifth West Street, facing east to Fifth West Street. Current residents of the area say that the Franklin School was on the site of a home that stands today at 545 West State Street242. That was probably a little more that one mile distant from Mary Francell’s New Survey home on current roads, less as the crow flies, which may have been the route she would have taken on foot or on horseback. Her brother Asa apparently attended the Franklin School as well, but it wasn’t his first school. Asa turned five on 24 September, 1887. His mother had died on 21 January that year and that was the year the family moved back to William Clark’s Position 23 pioneer adobe home on First West Street in town. A sketch of Asa Jones Clark, given at his funeral,243 says that his schooling began at the age of five years under the tutorship of one Miss Williams in the building known as the Court House.

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The William Wheeler Clark (1855-1934) home at 420 North, 300 East, in Lehi. From Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, page 25.

Van Wagoner244 says that a Court House (city hall) was constructed in 1877 at approximately 180 West Main Street in Lehi. He doesn't say anything about a school in the Court House, but five-year-old Asa probably started school there when he was living with has father and siblings and his grandfather and grandmother in the William Clark Block 40, Position 23 pioneer adobe home. Additional evidence that the courthouse also served as a school comes from Rhea Lott Vance245 who says that Nicoline Eliza Schow (1884-1970) attended school in the old court house located on Lehi’s main street. She says 91

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Lehi, Utah, Block 77, 1922/1934. The 420 North, Third East home of William Wheeler Clark (1855-1934) is depicted at position 320 on the southwest quarter of the block.

the facility housed a jail in the basement. Nicoline and Asa were both born in Lehi, he in 1882, she in 1884, so they may well have been schoolmates at the Main Street court house.

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Asa’s father married Martha Caroline Ward in September, 1889, and the Clarks moved back out to the New Survey farm. The funeral sketch says Asa continued school in the North Branch (Franklin) School House which was also used for church services. Van Wagoner246 says that a site was chosen for a new church by a committee that included William Wheeler Clark, two of his brothers-in-law, W. S. Evans and Hyrum Timothy, and their New Survey neighbors Thomas R. Jones, G. W. Brown, George Beck and James P. Carter. During construction of the new church a scaffold collapsed and William Wheeler’s fourteen-year-old son, also named William Wheeler Clark, suffered a broken leg247. Van Wagoner248 says that William Wheeler’s father, William Clark, was on the stand as a member of the bishopric on Sunday, 14 October 1894, at the first meeting in the new building. He says that by the end of 1897 the branch membership had increased to “592 souls”. A few years later, in 1903, Lehi was divided into four wards. The North Branch building became the home of the newly organized Lehi Third Ward. In the 1950s and 1960s the building stood vacant, in Van Wagoner’s words “haunted and deteriorating, a prominent sight greeting travelers on the highway from the North.” The renovated building is now a private residence249 at 1190 North, 500 West. The Clark’s moved from the New Survey farm around the time of the 1903 division of Lehi into four wards. The 93

funeral sketch says that Asa continued school in the Central School House. According to Van Wagoner250, the Central School, located on the “northeast corner of Center and Sixth North”, accommodated grades 5 to 8. Asa is then said to have gone on to the Ross School where his grandfather’s stepson John Edgar Ross was the master251. That school, formerly the Northeast School, stood at 159 East, Fourth North in Lehi. William Wheeler and Martha Caroline Clark, seventeenyear-old Sylvan Ward Clark and twelve-year-old Lexia Mirl Clark were in dwelling 352 in the Lehi Third Ward in the 1910 Census. The census lists their address only as “4th Nor.” The Ross School was just a short walk from their apparent location that year as confirmed by their address in the 1920 Census when sixty-four-year-old William W. Clark, fifty-nine-year-old Martha C. Clark, and twenty-yearold Lexie Myrl Clark, still in the Lehi Third Ward, were at 420 North, 300 East. That home is on Lot 2 on the Southwest quadrant of Block 77. It's depicted at position 320 on Third East Street on the 1922 Sanborn map. The property was purchased in parts by William Wheeler Clark from Mons H. Anderson on 22 January, 1902,252 and from James Kirkham on 8 May, 1903253. The latter purchase also included property on Lot 3. William Wheeler and Martha Caroline Clark are standing in front of the house with their grandchildren Burrell Clark Fagan (1906-1983), Attla Fern Fagan (1903-1967) and Thelda Edith Fagan (1908-2000) in a horse drawn buggy in a photograph in 94

Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors254. Julia Pearl Bone (1884-1921), identified as Julia, Asa's wife, is also in the photograph, standing beside the horse. Asa himself is standing between “Grandpa Clark” and “Martha.” Mary Francell Clark is standing to his left holding infant Lloyd Garl Fagan (1910-1911). Her husband Joseph Franklin Fagan (1881-1956) is standing to her left. The presence of baby Lloyd, who was born on 6 April, 1910, and died on 10 November, 1911, indicates that the photograph was taken during the child's short lifetime. Two small trees, still present though much larger in 2016, are in full leaf in the photograph indicating that it was taken in summer, probably May-August, 1911. The photograph was probably taken before the December 1911 birth of Asa and Julia’s third child, Asa Elden Clark (1911-1982). The unexplained absence of their first two children, Alta Pearl Clark (1908-1998) and Eulala Clark (1910-1985) is a disappointment. Seventy-four-year-old farmer William Wheeler Clark, and sixty-nine-year-old Martha Caroline Clark, were by themselves in dwelling 9 in the 1930 Census. The handwritten address appears to be “420” or “428” Fifth North Street, but there's no reason to think they were not still in the home they had occupied in 1910 and 1920. The 1930 census places the Clarks in the Second Ward. Martha Caroline died in 1935. Her 6 June, 1935, Salt Lake

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Telegram obituary255 says her funeral was held in the Lehi Second ward chapel. Mary Francell had been with her father and his family in dwelling 562 on the New Survey farm in the 1900 Census. She married Joseph Franklin Fagan (1881-1956) in 1901. They moved into a house in the vicinity of her parent’s New Survey home. Their eldest daughter, Attla Fern Fagan (1903-1967), describes the home in Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors256. I was born in what was called the New Survey of Lehi, Utah, July 27, 1903. I was a first child. The house where I was born is still standing. It was a farmhouse and my father was working for Mr. Joe Barnes, a local farmer. It was surrounded by fruit trees of all kinds, and also had two rows of tall shade trees bordering a long and wide pathway up to the house from the main road. An irrigation ditch ran alongside the road, but there was also a stream that came up close to the house. I remember, in later days, going with my Mother back to that house and driving up the cool, tree-lined gravel lane in a horse and buggy. It was a safe and special place for a young child to play, and that is always how I felt about that spot where I first came to earth. Included is a photograph of the house with the caption “The Old Barnes Home where Fern was born.” Attla Fern’s 96

daughter Laverle Dean257 offered the following explanation of the photograph. About the photo—all I remember when I drove with my Mother to that location, was that she said Grandma and Grandpa Fagan lived there with "the Clarks," referring to, who I took as meaning, Wm. W. Clark and Martha Ward. It was a farm grouping with a large sturdy barnlike structure opposite a rock-foundation fairly large home with pretty large windows. The huge grouping of trees sheltered it all and there was a pretty substantial stream running through the property.  It was quite an idyllic setting. I'm sorry I don't know more about the reference to the Barnes’.  Perhaps they were living there when we came by and took the picture.  Local farmer “Mr. Joe Barnes” may have been Joseph Simpson Barnes (1850-1921). He was with his wife Elizabeth Elmira Rhodes (1855-1885), and their son, Joseph Earnest Barnes (1877-1949), in dwelling 527, apparently not too far distant from the William Wheeler Clark family home in dwelling 562 in the 1900 Census. It would appear that Joseph Simpson Barnes was still on the New Survey in dwelling 270 in the 1910 Census, but he was with his wife in dwelling 107 on “Second South Street” in Lehi in the 1920 Census. Rhea Lott Vance258 gives another version of the Fagan’s early homes. 97

The wedding took place in the old home. Mary Francell Clark was married to Joseph Franklin Fagan by Able John Evans on October 29, 1901. … The young couple were guests in her father’s home while their own rented cottage was made ready. In two weeks they began housekeeping in the old Yates home in Lehi. They lived there about a year. The young husband worked as a farm helper. There was a brief period of a year and a half when they ran a restaurant of their own on Main Street in Lehi. Then they decided to farm for themselves, so they rented the Charlie Barnes farm. It was here that their first child was born. The “old home” where the wedding took place was presumably the William Wheeler and Polly Melissa Willes Clark New Survey home. The “old Yates home” was probably in town. The “Old Barnes Home” was presumably on the rented “Charlie Barnes farm.” Charlie Barnes was Charles Barnes Jr. (1827-1911). He had a log cabin next to the home Porter Rockwell on Block 49 in 1860, as seen above. Jonah Ryan Barnes259 gives the probable location of the "Charlie Barnes farm" as “just north of 900 N between the rail tracks and Trinnaman Lane”. An old home standing today directly across 900 North Street north of a home at 603 West, 900 North fits Jonah Ryan’s description as to location and may fit Attla Fern’s description of the surroundings. Jonah Ryan says Charles Barnes also had “a farm exactly north of there on 1500N,” 98

but that seems less likely to have been the farm where the Fagan’s lived when Attla Fern was born. Jonah Ryan Barnes offered the following when asked about the old home between the tracks and Trinnaman Lane260. That is certainly the Barnes home. Charles Barnes Jr, the founding pioneer of my line, settled on different properties around Lehi. When he became aged, his youngest son, George Franklin Barnes, constructed the home you are talking about. The George Franklin Barnes home was only just built in 1906, but was built on land which Charles Jr owned had owned for decades. Hence it was called the Charlie Barnes farm despite the property being primarily occupied by his descendants. This was the case even after Charles Jr's death. Charles Barnes Jr went to live there (900N farm) with his son and grandchildren, in a small stone hut behind the house until he died. Before or after Charles Jr came, the hut was used as a chicken coop. Thus the family story of Charles Barnes Jr. living in the chicken coop. George Barnes was very proud of the brick home he built and rightly so. It had a sizable creek running along the North side of the property and plenty of easy-access 99

grazing land surrounding it. An idyllic place. It was precisely like your oral histories describe. If the Clark home was across from the "Old Barnes Home.” it would have been this home. Though not "old" at the time, your oral histories would remember it as being "old" at the time of their recollection. The references to "Joe Barnes" either refers to Joseph Simpson Barnes or his son Joseph Earnest Barnes, Brother and uncle to George Franklin Barnes respectively. George Franklin, who built the home, was not a farmer. He learned letters. But Joe Barnes never got an education and therefore took care of the family land. Joe Barnes was a horse farmer. Your oral history is describing the idyllic scene at 900N, the Barnes farm. To this day, the Barneses live nearby, on some of the same properties originally settled in the 1850s by Charles Barnes Jr. Oral history in my family records some of Charles Barnes Jr.'s final days. He had a North Yorkshire accent from his pre-Gospel life in England. He lived in the "chicken coop" adjacent to Barnes home at 900N. Local children liked to hear his strange accent and he loved little children. What a funny old man living in the chicken 100

coop with a basket of candy! He always kept homemade molasses candies at the ready for when the children would come visit him. The children quickly made this a frequent detour on their way home from work or school. Little doubt your Fagan children and presumably Clark children were some of those who received molasses candy from the trembling tender hand of the English pioneer, Charles Barnes Jr.. The Fagans didn't live in the “chicken coop” home. Jonah Ryan Barnes explains that accommodation in Charles Jr. After Rhoda261. Charles’ youngest son, George Franklin Barnes, had become a successful farmer of sugar beets and various other crops. In 1906, George constructed for himself a home at 900N and 500W in Lehi on land he had inherited. Adjacent to his home, George also constructed a shed for Charles Jr. to live in. This shed is partially visible in the photographs taken by George upon completion of his home in 1906. Referred to as the “chicken coop” in oral history, this is where Charles lived the last 5 years of his life. The "900N and 500W" home would have been east of the home north of the 603 West, 900 North home, probably in the vicinity of the home at 895 North, 500 West.

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The Fagans were in dwelling 554 on “2nd North st.” in the 1910 Census and probably at the same place in dwelling 28 at 385 North, 200 East in the 1920 Census. “Power Plant electrician” Frank J. Fagan and Mary Francell, six children and one grandchild, were in dwelling 2, at 393 East, 500 North in Lehi in the Second Ward in the 1930 Census. Asa Jones Clark and Julia Pearl Bone were married on 25 September, 1907. They were with their first child, Alta Pearl Clark (1908-1998), in dwelling 14 on "3rd N" in Lehi Ward 1 in the 1910 Census. In the 1920 Census Asa and Julia Pearl Clark shared dwelling 54 with six children, ages one to eleven. The census gives the location of their home as 259 North, 300 West in Lehi. The 1907 Sanborn map of the eastern portion of Block 55 depicts an adobe dwelling at position 26, just north of the midline of the block, whereas the 1922 Sanborn map shows a brick dwelling at position 289 on the Northwest corner of the block. That must be the house standing today at 295 North, 300 West. Lot 4 on Block 55 was purchased by Asa J. Clark from Paulinus Heber Allred (1857-1931), a son of William Clark’s old neighbor on Block 40, on 9 May, 1909262. The 1907 map, like the 1922 Sanborn map does not show all of Lot 4 but it does depict a large two-story wood frame structure with an adjacent one-story structure that appear to have been a barn and a stable. The Clarks may have been in the Position 26 dwelling on Lot 4 in the 1910 Census which gave their address as “3rd W.” The 102

Position 26 dwelling is absent from the 1922 Sanborn map. They may have moved from the Position 26 home to the 295 North, 300 West brick home on the Northwest corner of the block where the census taker found them in dwelling 54 in 1920. Julia Pearl Bone Clark, the mother of the six children and one more passed away on 9 January, 1921. Four years later, on 21 January 1925, Asa married Julia Pearl’s widowed older sister, Mary Ann Bone (1875-1950). Asa and Mary Ann Clark were in dwelling 80 at 187 North, Third West in the 1930 Census, along with one of Mary Ann’s thee children from her previous marriage to George Edward Davis (1857-1914), who had died on 26 November, 1914. Asa and Mary Ann were still together in dwelling 131 at the same address in the 1940 Census with three of Julia Pearl’s children, thirty-one-year-old Alta, twenty-five-year-old Harold, and twenty-one-year-old Bertha. That had been the home of Mary Ann and George Edward Davis. George Edward’s father, Elisha Hildebrand Davis (1815-1898), had received the Mayor’s deed for the property, which was on Lot 4, the Northwest quarter of Block 52, on 21 January, 1871263. He had sold it to George Edward Davis on 27 January, 1886264. As the eldest son of William Clark, William Wheeler Clark might have been expected to have inherited the pioneer adobe home property on Block 40, but was not the case. In 1908 William Clark granted the Lot 4, Block 40 property 103

on which the home stood to his step daughter Sarah Jane Ross and to William Wheeler’s older sister Emily Jane for $1.00265. William Wheeler Clark did get the property and evidently the house as well a few years later in 1914 when the sisters sold the property to him for $800.00266. William Wheeler in turn sold the property to the Alpine School District in 1929267. This was part of the property that became the athletic field. Van Wagoner268 should have listed the Clarks when he listed property owners, including those who had pioneer adobe homes on what became the athletic field property. According to the William Wheeler Clark: Biography269, William Wheeler Clark served on the Lehi City Council, as President of the Lehi Irrigation Company, and as a member of the Lehi Cattle Company board. He is said to have been a familiar figure, riding his saddle horses around Lehi on business. He may also have been accompanied by his dogs. The following notice appeared in the 6 June 1898 Salt Lake Herald270. Bitten by his Dog. Lehi Man is Suffering With a Lacerated Hand. Lehi, June 6.—William W. Clark of Lehi Junction was bitten by his own dog the other day on the hand and has been suffering very badly from the pain, but is now getting better slowly. A William Wheeler Clark obituary appeared in the 28 May, 1934, Salt Lake Tribune271. 104

Lehi. William Wheeler Clark, 79, prominent citizen and stock raiser, died at his home here late Saturday night, following a week’s illness of pneumonia Mr. Clark was born April 25, 1855, in Lehi, a son of William and Jane Stevenson Clark, and had always made his home in this community. He followed the occupation of farming and stock raising during his life and had always taken an active part in civic and L.D.S church affairs. He served as a member of the city council for a number of years and was president of the Lehi Irrigation company for several years. He served as president of the Lehi Cattle association for many years and had been president of the Oak Hollow Stock company since its organization. He presided over the L.D.S. North branch of Lehi for many years before Lehi was divided into wards, and at the time of his death he held the office of L.D.S. High Priest. He married Melissa Willes in the old L.D.S. endowment house at Logan. She died in 1886. He married Martha Caroline Ward in the Manti L.D.S.

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temple in 1889. Five children were born to the first union and three children to the second. Surviving are his widow Martha C. Ward Clark, and the following sons and daughters: Asa J. Clark, Mrs. J. Frank Fagan, Sylvan W. Clark, all of Lehi: Mrs. A. W. Olsen, Salt Lake; also 26 grandchildren and 15 great-grandchildren, there sisters, Mrs. G. A. Wall, Mrs. Hyrum Timothy, both of Lehi, and Mrs. Joseph Sabey of Lincoln; one half sister, Mrs. Mary Jane Peterson, and two half brothers, Thomas H. Clark and James B. Clark, all of Lehi. Funeral services will be held Tuesday at 2 p.m. in the L.D.S. Second Ward chapel, with interment in the City cemetery. Like his father, one of the attendees at the funeral, Asa J. Clark, also had a dog. It was not a pet. Most of his interactions with the dog that I observed were emphatic commands to prevent it from chasing the cattle. Every once in a while the dog was allowed to nip the heels of a cow or a calf. I don't think he had pets. His horses were not pets, they were used for work. Always work. Work. William Wheeler Clark: Biography272 says that at the age of sixteen, Asa’s older brother, his father’s namesake William Wheeler Clark, died on 1 June, 1896, of sunstroke while working in the fields. I imagine Asa to have been 106

working beside him that day. It could not have been otherwise. As I remember him, Asa Jones Clark worked in the fields six of every seven days, and I suppose he did so all of his life. He was working in one of his fields just before he died on 5 November, 1966. He was either getting onto or off from his tractor that day. My father berated himself for not making his father stop working that day. Sketch of Asa Jones Clark, Given at his Funeral273 gives a formal picture. In March of this year he had an accident with a tractor and was laid up all this summer on past his 84th birthday. With his arm still in a cast, his determination and his love for livestock found him back on the tractor —which he was on the day of his illness. He passed away on November 5, 1966 in the American Fork Hospital. Family outside the fort: Martha Geneva Clark Martha Geneva Clark (1857-1930) was the third child of William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, the second born in Lehi, probably in the pioneer adobe home. At the age of three years she was with her parents and siblings in dwelling 3426 in the 1860 Census. She was still with them at age fourteen in dwelling 17 in the 1870 Census. Martha Geneva married William Samuel Evans (1855-1935) in 1874. They were the parents of twelve 107

children, all born in Lehi. Three of the children were with them in dwelling 236 in Lehi in the 1880 Census. They were near Martha Geneva's older sister Emily Jane and her husband, Joseph Sabey, in dwelling 238. History of William Evans & Martha Geneva Clark274 gives the sites of their residences. The newlyweds took up residence first at what is now known as the Newell Brown house where their first child, Geneva, was born. They moved from there to a little mud house on First North and Third West where they lived until they moved onto a homestead which was known as the New Survey. … About 1900 he built him a home on Fourth North and Second West. … No address is given on photograph’s of the Newell Brown house in Lehi275. The homestead on the New Survey is outlined on a map titled Arial view of the New Survey in Lehi, Utah, acquired by William Samuel Evans by homestead, 1882276. The History asserts that around 1900 William Samuel built a home “on Fourth North and Second West”. The Evanses were in dwelling 186 in Lehi in the 1900 Census and in dwelling 204 on “2nd West” in Lehi in the 1910 Census. Some time before 1920, William Samuel and Martha Geneva and their family left Lehi and moved to Genola, Utah. One of their sons, Sylvester Evans (1889-1984), mentions leasing a farm in that Utah County community on 108

the southern end of Utah Lake where other family members were located277. In January sixty-four-year-old William Samuel and sixty-two-year-old Martha Geneva Evans were in Genola in the 1920 Census. With them that year were their daughter, thirty-two-year-old Juliet Evans (1887-1980) [as “Gillett Goates”], four-year-old Raeldon Kyle Goates (1915-1989), as “Heldon Goates, and twoyear-old Pauline Goates (1918-1977), as well as nineyear-old Roland Evans Tidd (1910-1964), the son of their daughter Maria Evans (1890-1911) and William Tidd (1891-1957). Some time afterward the Evanses moved back to Lehi where seventy-four-year-old William Samuel and seventytwo-year-old Martha Geneva Clark Evans were found in dwelling 100 at 440 North, 200 West in the 1930 Census.The home at that address today, built in 1907, may have been theirs. They were four blocks north and one block west of Martha Geneva’s father’s Position 23 pioneer adobe home on Block 40. A Hutchings Museum Interiew of LaDrue Dorton278, dated August, 2005, reveals information about one of Martha Geneva’s grandsons, Ladrue Basil Dorton (1915-2009). William Clark was my great-grandfather on my Mother’s side of the family and his birthday was also on the 26th of July and his descendants honored his memory by holding a reunion on his birthday. They referred to the 109

reunion as “The Birthday Party,” and since it was held on my birthday, I thought it was my party, but the so called ‘Birthday Party’ was really the William Clark Family Reunion. Grandfather Evans came by and took me to the Birthday Party (reunion) on my next three birthdays, but I was older and wiser by then and knew what the occasion represented. The last time I attended the reunion was on my eighth birthday, but it was a very exciting outing. He didn't say where the reunion was held. He must have known his great grandfather had lived across the street from his boyhood home. Of course he never met William Clark who died five years before he was born, but he would have known the pioneer adobe home that stood across the street from the home of his grandparents on his father's side. Those grandparents were butcher Joseph Edward Dorton (1859-1942) and Martha Ann Holdsworth (1866-1940). They were in dwelling 165 in the 1900 Census, not far from William Clark and his daughter Mary Jane, who were in dwelling 163. A biographical sketch279 shows the Dorton’s “Home-55-yrs-1 West + Main-next home just North-the new brick home-north of it.” The Dortons were in dwelling 40 on Main Street in the 1910 Census and in dwelling 5, just north of Main Street at 47 North, 100 West in the 1920 Census and in the 1930 Census. Eighty-one-year-old Joseph Dorton was alone in 110

dwelling 83 at 45 North, 100 West. He was between his grandson LaDrue in dwelling 84 at 33 North, First West in the 1940 Census and Wallace Banks in dwelling 82 at 93 North, 100 West in the 1940 Census. Those addresses place the homes of the Dortons on First West Street opposite from the pioneer adobe home. They’re depicted north of the business district at positions 33 and 47 on the east side of Block 39 on the 1922 Sanborn map. In the Hutchings Museum interview LaDrue Dorton says that another great grandfather of his, English immigrant Joseph A Dorton (1822-1898), was sent to Lehi by Brigham Young to be the town butcher but that he left town to establish an overland trail station between Lehi and Fairfield. LaDrue’s parents were Basil Jonas Dorton (1896-1981) and Martha Geneva’s daughter, Reta Violet Evans (1894-1918). In the 1920 Census LaDrue was with his father and with his grandparents at the 47 North, 100 West address. In the interview Ladrue confirms this. … I lived in Lehi. The house still stands on first west and it’s the second house north of Main Street. The first house north of Main Street was the house that I bought from them. There was an adobe house built when they were first married and I bought it from them and lived there. I made an addition to the house during the early part of World War II. My family lived there. In fact, my oldest daughter was born in that house. And that was 33

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North 100 West. The house that I lived in as a child was 47 North 100 West and it is still standing. The house at 33 North, 100 West was the “first house north of main street.” It’s at position 11 on the 1890, 1898 and 1907 Sanborn maps, just north of a small building on the extreme southeast corner of the block that changed from a “Sal. Bill’ds,” to a restaurant, to a grocery over the succeeding years. It’s at position 33 on the 1922 Sanborn map. The second house north of the corner is at position 47 on the 1922 Sanborn map. It was removed to make way for a parking lot across the street from the Legacy Center parking lot. The smaller and older of the two houses, extensively remodeled, is still standing now just south of the parking lot. There’s also an entomologist in LaDrue’s story. Elmo Hardy, a neighborhood friend, who was about a year older than me, I think he was twelve years old, had received a twelve gauge shotgun for Christmas and he had been coaxing me to go hunting with him. I told him that we didn’t have a gun, except for a single shot twenty-two caliber rifle that Grandfather used to shoot rats when he would see them around the granary, and that it was too far to walk to the river. He suggested that maybe Grandfather would let us ride Danny. I finally told him that I would ask, thinking that would be an easy way out; since I didn’t want him to think I was afraid of guns. 112

Much to my surprise, Grandfather said yes, but he reminded us that Danny was very upset when he heard loud noises, such as firecrackers or gun shots and that was why he always took him to the farm over the Fourth and Twenty-fourth of July holidays. He said that if we didn’t tie Danny to a stout tree before the shooting started, we would be walking home. I think we can tell where this is going. Elmo Hardy was Dilbert Elmo Hardy (1914-2002). He was five years old, with his father Horace Hardy (1879-1963) in dwelling 4 at 93 North, 100 West, in the 1920 Census. Hardy wrote a Brief life sketch280 wherein he describes his career studying insect borne diseases, teaching and doing research at the University of Hawaii. He described and named nearly 2,000 species of flies in 34 different families of Diptera, as noted in the Honolulu Star Bulletin281. I met him in 1976 at the International Congress of Entomology in Washington, D. C. Family outside the fort: Mary Ann Clark Mary Ann Clark (1859-1930) was the fourth child of William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, the third of their children born in Lehi. She was probably born in the Position 23 pioneer adobe home. One-year-old Mary Ann was with her parents and siblings in dwelling 3426 in the 1860 Census. At the age of eleven years she was still with them in dwelling 17 in the 1870 Census. Mary Ann 113

married George Erastus Zimmerman (1851-1935) in 1874. They were the parents of thirteen children, all born in Lehi, between 1875 and 1892. The Zimmermans were in dwelling 35 in Lehi with two children in the 1880 Census. George Erastus was the son of John Zimmerman (1820-1908). A biographical sketch282 says that James Wiley Norton (1822-1897) built some unusual adobe houses during the late 1850s and early 1860s which in 1963 are still standing and are in good condition. These structures were full two stories high, something entirely out of the ordinary for the period of log and mud houses. Of the dozen or so the were built two are still standing. One on the corner of First South an Center Street is the old story and a half house of John Zimmerman built in 1866 by Wiley Norton who was waited on by John Austin Sr. and Luke Tidcomb (sic). John Zimmerman received the Mayor’s deed for Lots 1-4 on Block 31 in Lehi in 1872283. That gave him three-fourths of the southern half of the block directly south of Block 40. The 1890 Sanborn map of Block 31 shows three adobe dwellings along the southern edge of the block. The largest, on the Southeast corner, probably fronted on Center Street at position 12. The smaller adobe dwelling at position 16 in the middle of the block would have faced First South Street and a larger one on the Southwest 114

corner that probably faced First West Street at position 18/19. John Zimmerman, George Erastus’s father, was most likely in the Position 12 dwelling, the largest of the three which was probably the “story and a half house” built by James Wiley Norton in 1866. That was probably dwelling 125, the home of John Zimmerman and his family, including nineteen-year-old George Erastus, in the 1870 Census. John Zimmerman was in dwelling 34 in the 1880 Census. George Erastus and Mary Ann were in dwelling 35 in the 1880 Census. They were probably in one or the other of the Position 16 or Position 18/19 homes that year. They did not remain there. They were in dwelling 174 on “4th West” in the 1910 Census. Their address in dwelling 215 is given as “556,” “4th West St” in 1920 Census, and they’re listed at 551 North, Fifth West in dwelling 109 in Lehi in the 1930 Census. Family outside the fort: Hannah Marie Clark Hannah Marie Clark (1861-1937) was the fifth child of William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, the fourth born in Lehi. She was probably born in the pioneer adobe home. She was with her parents and siblings at the age of nine years in dwelling 17 in the 1870 Census, and at age eighteen years she was still with them in dwelling 20 in the 1880 Census. She married George Albert Wall (1860-1938) of Provo in 1882. They had no children.

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George and Hannah Marie Clark Wall were in Lehi in dwelling 203 in the 1900 Census. They were on the North side of First North Street, between Center Street and First East Street, in the brick home depicted at position 48 on the 1898 and 1907 Sanborn maps of Block 48. George Wall had purchased the property on Lot 1 on which that home stood from Helen Elsie Titcomb (1866-1946) [as Hellen Comer], in 1891284. Hellen herself had received the Mayor’s Deed for part of Block 48, Lot 1, in 1887285. The Walls were in the same home on Block 48, which was dwelling 497 on “1st North,” in the 1910 Census. It was one of five dwellings depicted along the southern edge of the block on the 1907 Sanborn map. The homes on Lots 1 and 2 were arrayed along the North side of First North between Center Street and First East Street. The 1910 census designates the dwelling on the Southwest corner of the block to have been on Center Street and the one on the Southeast corner as being on First East Street. The first of the five, on the 1907 Sanborn map, from east to west, the adobe Position 56 home, dwelling 458, was occupied by George Whitman (1844-1916) and his wife Ann Turner (1841-1916), in the 1910 Census. The brick Position 55 home just east of them, dwelling 459, was occupied by George and Ann Whitman’s son Charles Joshua Whitman (1868-1934), his wife Christiane Andersen (1870-1944), and their children in the 1910 Census. The third home was a wood frame dwelling at 116

position 52. It was dwelling 499 on “1st North,” occupied by another Whitman son, George Henry Whitman (1877-1957), his wife Lucy Fox (1875-1965) and their children in the 1910 Census. That’s confirmed to have been a white house at 35 East, 100 North, that was later “removed to make room for the High School,” by a daughter, Christy Lucille Whitman (1916-2011)286. Those three homes were east of the center of the block on Lot 2 and would have been on property that had been deeded to Ann Turner Whitman in 1882287. She was on that site with her father Bartholomew Turner (1806-1886) and her husband George Whitman (1844-1916) in dwelling 38 in the 1870 Census. The Walls Position 48 home was east of the center of the block. It was on the Lot 1 property that George Wall had purchased in 1891 from Hellen Comer. She was with her husband, Heber Carter Comer (1859-1944), and their family in the large Position 33 adobe home, dwelling 197 in the 1900 Census, and in dwelling 460 on “1st East St,” in the 1910 Census. That’s the list of easily assigned occupants of the five homes on the south side of Block 48. There were five dwellings there on the 1907 Sanborn map but one additional family from the 1910 Census needs to be placed on the street. That was William Clark himself and his daughter Mary Jane Clark. The 1910 Census gives the address of their dwelling 498, as “1st North”. They were between the Walls in dwelling 497, and George and Ann Whitman in dwelling 499. The only reasonable solution is 117

to assume that William and Jane were with the Walls in their home, or at least on their property in some facility near or adjacent to it. This situation also prevailed when William Clark’s step daughter, seventy-seven-year-old widow Sarah Elizabeth Ross Lamb, was listed by herself in dwelling 71, in the 1920 Census. She was with or near the Walls who were themselves in dwelling 70 in the 1920 Census at 55 East, 100 North in Lehi. The 1922 Sanborn map of Block 48 shows a small frame structure slightly north and slightly east of the Wall’s brick dwelling. That may have been Sarah Elizabeth’s accommodations in 1920 and it may have served as the same for William and Mary Jane in 1910. The Wall’s place is designated as a “farm house” in the 1910 Census, whereas the dwellings of the others on the South side of the block are simply designated “house.” The stables and other frame building on the Wall’s property on the Sanborn maps probably justify the farm designation. George Wall was engaged in cattle raising and farming288. Presumably William Clark died in or near that Position 48 brick dwelling, but it appears that he was not actually present there on 10 May, 1910, the day the census taker visited the home. He in fact had died on 7 May, 1910. The fact that he was counted indicates that he and Jane had moved there no later than 15 April, 1910. The 1910 Census Instructions to Enumerators289 stipulate that if a

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person had lived on the site on that date, they were to be counted and that’s what appears to have occurred. William Clark had not been in good health for several years prior to his death. The William Clark biography from the Lehi Centennial History290 says that he had served as a counselor to Bishop T. R. Cutler until the Lehi Ward was divided into four. That division took place in 1903, according to Van Wagoner291, but Gardner292 says William Clark resigned from the counselor position on 23 November, 1902, "on account of old age and failing health.” William Clark’s 11 May, 1910, Salt Lake Tribune obituary293 provides another clue as to how long he and Mary Jane had been at the Wall’s place in 1910. Pioneer Dead at Lehi: William Clark, Age 84. Special to the Tribune. Lehi. May 10, — William Clark, one of Lehi’s oldest and foremost citizens, died yesterday, of general debility. For thirty-seven days he had taken no nourishment except an occasional sip of ice water, but his mind was right and active to the last. William and Mary Jane’s neighbor in 1910, Ann Turner Whitman, was the daughter of Bartell Turner (1806-1886) and Sarah Page (1805-1868). Sarah Page Turner294 says the Turners and their children migrated from England to Utah in 1868. Sarah died crossing the plains but Barttel (or 119

Bartle) was in Lehi in the 1870 Census and in the 1880 census. The Turners were not strangers to William Clark. One of Bartell Turner’s sons, Ann Whitman’s brother, Alfred Turner (1840-1927) left an account295. Alfred was baptized after he got to Utah, in Lehi on June 25, 1865, by William Clarke and confirmed the same day by Elisha H. Davis. He was ordained a High Priest on May 3, 1908, by Able J. Evans. He was devoted to the church all of his life. There are records in Lehi of him blessing babies and engaging in ward teaching (home teaching), being one of eight ward teachers in 1907. Family outside the fort: Juliett Clark Juliett Clark (1863-1884) was the sixth child born to William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, the fifth born while they were in the pioneer adobe home in Lehi. She was with her parents and siblings at the age of six years in dwelling 17 in the 1870 Census and at age seventeen in dwelling 20 in the 1880 Census. She married Samuel Henry Southwick (1862-1891) of Lehi. The date of their marriage is recorded as either 5 November, 1884 or 22 October, 1886, but neither date is plausible if the date of Juliette’s death was actually 16 July, 1884. They had no children. Samuel Henry was remarried soon after the death of Juliett to Luticia Austin (186-1967). Autobiography of Gladys Southwick Trane296 by Gladys 120

Southwick (1889-1983) says they lived in “down-town Lehi.” Gladys says her father, who’s name is given as Samuel Harold Southwick, was killed in an accident at the Lehi Sugar Factory before she was two years old. Family outside the fort: Rosilla Clark Rosilla Clark (1866-1950) was the youngest of the five daughters of William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, the sixth child born to them in Lehi. She was probably born in the pioneer adobe home. She was with her parents and siblings at the age of four years in dwelling 17 in the 1870 Census and she was still with them at age fourteen in dwelling 20 in the 1880 Census. She married Hyrum Timothy (1863-1944) of Lehi in 1887. They had nine children between 1887 and 1904. The first seven were born in Lehi; the last two in Greeley, Colorado. Hyrum and Rosilla Clark Timothy were in dwelling 167 in Lehi in the 1900 Census. They were in the Block 40, Position 3 adobe home on First North Street where Rosilla’s father’s step-grandson, James Edgar Ross and his family had been a few years earlier and where Rosilla’s brother William Wheeler Clark and his wife and family had been in 1880. Hyrum and Rosilla were in Greeley, Colorado, in the 1910 Census and in the 1920 Census, and in California in the 1930 Census, but they were back in Lehi in dwelling 40 the 1940 Census. Hyrum is listed there as a “Sugar Company Supt.” The census gives 179 as the house number, but the street number is inexplicably 121

not given. The address on Rosilla’s Utah Certificate of Death297 from 1950 gives the address as “3rd No. 1st West.” There’s no address in Rosilla's 23 January, 1950, obituary298. Family outside the fort: Thomas Henry Clark Thomas Henry Clark (1868-1939) was the eldest son of William and Margaret Boardman Clark. He was in Lehi with his mother at the age of two years in dwelling 76 in the 1870 Census and at age twelve years with his sister Mary Jane and his brother James in dwelling 140 in the 1880 Census. They were in the Block 49, Position 67 adobe home on First West Street in Lehi. Thomas Henry married Margaret Ann Fox (1870-1943) of Lehi in 1888. They had nine children between 1889 and 1911, all of them in Lehi. Thomas Henry and his family lived on the same 40 acre sixteenth section of Land in the New Survey area of Lehi as his half-brother, as shown in the discussion of William Wheeler Clark. Utah County property records show that on 9 June, 1897, he purchased land there from his brother-inlaw, William Samuel Evens299. He purchased additional land in the vicinity from his father on 5 January, 1908300. The family’s presence on that New Survey property is confirmed by Thomas Henry’s son Jesse Stanley Clark (1893-1986) who says they were living in the “New Survey, one mile or more north west of Lehi” when he was about 122

three years old301. That must have been the place described by Catherine Virl Clark (1895-1962)302. Catherine Virl says she was born in a two room adobe home in the northwest part of Lehi. She says the home was “right beside the Denver Rio Grande Railroad Track.” She says she remembered hearing coyotes howl at night and had many bad nightmares because of them. Thomas Henry was with his family, including six-year-old Stanley, in dwelling 563, apparently next to or at least near William Wheeler Clark family in dwelling 562 in the 1900 Census. At some point in time the family moved from the New Survey home. Catherine Virl says that one of the big problems her father had in their previous home, presumably the New Survey home, was lack of drinking water. All the water used in the house was carried several blocks from a spring in a pasture. Mother carried most of it, she said, because her husband was away at work. Thomas Henry bought the house east of Lehi, she said, because of the flowing well which was near the house. The house was old, but with hard work they made it a comfortable home. Some time before LaLita was born, she says, they built a new home just east of the old one. That would have been Margaret LaLita Clark (1905-1991). She herself says that she was born in her parent’s home, “a nice two story brick home on the east side of Lehi”303. Catherine Virl says she started school the fall that they moved into this new home. Catherine Virl was born in 1895. Presumably she started school at the age of six. 123

That probably means the home of Thomas Henry Clark was and his family, dwelling 637, on Junction Road, in the 1910 Census, was that new home. Their home, dwelling 68, is designated as a farm in the 1920 Census, but no road or street address is given. They were in dwelling 46 in the 1930 Census. Thomas Henry's widow Margaret Ann was in dwelling 12 at “Rfd Cereal Mill” in the 1940 Census. Stanley Clark likewise said that when he was eight years old his father bought a home "in the east side of Lehi where the new High School building stands now." Stanley was born in 1893. The High School referred to opened in 1959 at 180 North, 500 East in Lehi. The “Cereal Mill” "address" on the census must have referred to the Lehi Roller Mills that stand today at 833 E Main Street just east of the High School. Family outside the fort: Mary Jane Clark Mary Jane Clark (1870-1948) was the second child born to William and Margaret Boardman Clark. She was nine years old with her mother, her older brother Thomas Henry, and her younger brother James, in dwelling 140 in the 1880 Census. The were in the Block 49, Position 67 adobe home on First West Street. Mary Jane spent many years as a caretaker of her parents, first her mother, then her father. She and her father were in dwelling 163, the Position 23 pioneer adobe home on Block 40, in the 1900 Census. She was still with her father at the time of his death in dwelling 498 in the 1910 Census. They were in 124

or adjacent to the home of George Albert Wall and his wife, Mary Jane’s half sister Hannah Marie Clark that year. The home would come to be designated as 55 East, 100 North. After her father’s death Mary Jane moved again, this time to a two room brick home “on the bench northeast of Lehi”304. Mary Jane’s brother James Clark (1875-1939) had built the home there. Fran Clark Hafen, et al.305, give the history. Also living down the lane with James and Armitta was James’ sister, Mary Jane Clark. “Aunt Jane” had cared for their father, William Clark, in his later years; and after his death, thirty-seven-year old Aunt Jane was welcomed into James and Armitta’s home.... Her bed was put in the girls’ room, and her washstand was stored in Len’s bedroom. There was no room for her trunk of precious things, so it was stored in the buggy shed. James' wife, Armitta Peterson (1874-1967), was the daughter of Johannes Peterson (1848-1928) and Rhoda Jane Ashton (1853-1913). She was one of eleven children. Years after the death of Rhoda Jane in 1913, Mary Jane Clark was married to Johannes [John] Peterson. Fran Clark Hafen again tells the story.

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As Armitta’s father, John, and James’ sister, Mary Jane, became acquainted during these winter months, their relationship grew, and on April 20, 1916, they were sealed in the Salt Lake Temple. At the time of their wedding, Aunt Jane was 44, and John was 68. Forty-nine-year-old Mary Jane was with seventy-one-yearold Johannes Peterson in dwelling 46, on a “farm” in the 1920 Census. The Johannes Peterson home306 is still standing today on Cedar Hollow Road in Lehi. The layout and history of the home are presented in detail in Historic Peterson and Clark Homes which gives the date of its construction as 1886. Johannes Peterson died in 1928. In the 1930 Census fiftynine-year-old widow Mary Jane was part of family 54 in dwelling 52 with twenty-five-year-old George Muhlestein (1905-1989), his wife, twenty-five-year-old Ella Armitta Clark (1904-1989), and one-year-old Harold. The census places them in the same dwelling with fifty-four-year-old James Clark, his wife, fifty-four-year-old Armitta, and four children, Ora, Jay, Evelyn and Leath, designated family 53. Mary Jane is designated as a “Lodger.” She had moved back to her brother James' home “on the bench northeast of Lehi” described in Home and Family307 and in Historic Peterson and Clark Homes. It’s the Cedar Hollow Road slightly southwest of the current home of Ronald and Harriet Clark at 960 Cedar Hollow Road, Lehi.

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A lodger! Biographical Sketch of John Peterson308 describes Mary Jane’s years as Johannes’ wife. For twelve years the shadows and sunshine were met together and as the strong man yielded to Father Time she lovingly and tenderly brought his slippers, sat by his bedside dispensing words of good cheer and seeking to ease the pains of a wasting constitution. Family outside the fort: James Clark309 James Clark (1875-1939) was the youngest of the three children born to William Clark and Margaret Boardman. He was with his mother at the age of four years with his older sister Mary Jane and his older brother Thomas Henry in dwelling 140 in the 1880 Census. They were in the Block 49, Position 67 adobe home on First West Street. James married Armitta Peterson (1874-1967) of Lehi on 20 November, 1895. They had ten children between 1896 and 1921, all of them in Lehi. One of those children, Ella Armitta Clark (1904-1989) says that her parent’s first home was part of William Clark’s house. There would have been a bit of extra space available to them. William Clark's wife, Jane Stevenson, had died just a few weeks earlier on 21 September, 1895. She says they lived there a year, then built a two room brick home on the bench northeast of Lehi.310 That was the home in which Mary Jane had been listed as a “lodger,” dwelling 52, in the 1930 Census, as explained above. 127

Family outside the fort: Sevilla Jane Clark William Clark's granddaughter, Juliet Evans (1887-1980), said that her grandfather was “very strict.”311 When Aunt Emily had a baby, she said, he wouldn't think of letting her marry the man. “It was a good thing, of course, because her very best friend had a baby about the same time. Maybe that made him so strict.” Juliet's Aunt Emily's baby was Sevilla Jane Clark (1872-1955). She was the adopted child of William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark, the biological child of their eldest daughter Emily Jane Clark. She was raised in the household of Emily Jane’s parents, the Position 23, Pioneer adode home on the future athletic field property. She was with them there, "attending school," as seven-year-old Sevila in dwelling 20 the 1880 Census. She married David Jones in 1892. She married David Jones (1870-1929) of Lehi in 1892. They were the parents of twelve children born between 1892 and 1918, all of them in Lehi. Sevilla Jane was with her husband, two children and a boarder in dwelling 432 in the 1900 Census in Lehi, with her husband and five children in dwelling 392 in the 1910 Census, and with her husband and three children, in dwelling 98 at 186 South, 100 East, in the 1920 Census. She was at the same address with four children in dwelling 43 in the 1930 Census. Sevilla Jane died in 1955 in Pasadena, California.

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Transformation of Block 40: The Athletic Field The 1907 Sanborn map of Block 40 shows all but two of the adobe dwellings that had been place on the 1890 and 1898 maps of Block 40. The Position 10 home of Marcus Ericksen had been removed, as had the Position 18/19 home of Paulinus Allred. The latter had been replaced by the Merrihew Building on Main Street. A new building, the one Van Wagoner312 calls it the Southworth Building, appears at Position 21, south of the Position 23 pioneer adobe home of William Clark on First West Street on the 1907 map. Transformation of the block continued over the next fifteen years. The 1922 Sanborn map of Block 40 depicts an almost solid line buildings along Main Street. The Position 14 adobe home of Anders Peterson had been removed to make way for the expanding business district. The Position 3 adobe home was still in place, now at position 3/45. The Southworth Building, which had been position 21 on the 1898 map, was there at position 40 on the 1907 map. The Position 23 pioneer adobe home was still there, but at designated position 66. The latter three buildings are visible beneath the velum overlays put in place by city officials in 1934. Also visible under an overlay is the brick jail south of the Position 3/45 adobe building and west of the memorial Building. The 1907 Sanborn map also shows a frame stable and an adjacent frame building labelled 129

“Hay” on the Clark’s side of the line. That may have been the structure seen in the background of a photograph of the Lehi Pioneer Monument in the 1950 Lehi Centennial History313. These may have been the last remnants of William Clark’s farm on Block 40. The hay stack or hay barn isn’t on the 1922 Sanborn map. In fact, none of the former outbuildings of earlier maps are on the 1922 map. Van Wagoner314 says that on 1 August, 1929, the Lehi Sun newspaper announced that the combined efforts of Lehi City officials, Lion’s Club members, and Lehi’s representative on the Alpine School Board, had resulted in the purchase of property to be used as an athletic field. That set the stage for a major change that would radically alter the neighborhood on which William Clark’s pioneer adobe home and his “farm” had stood, probably for more than seventy years.

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Marching girls on the Lehi High School athletic field in the late 1940’s. They're on the site where the pioneer adobe home of William Clark (1825-1910) had stood until 1930. From Lehi Historical Society and Archives.

The Lehi High School/Junior High School athletic field came to occupy roughly the northwestern two-thirds of Block 40, everything on the western side of the block north of the Main Street business district. It also stretched across First North Street to cover the southwestern onethird of Block 49, taking all of what had been William Clark’s holdings on that block and encroaching on the site of the First West Street Position 67 adobe home where Margaret Boardman had raised her three children. The two blocks had stood separated from one another by First North Street and in the earliest days by the twelve-foot-

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high fort wall. They were about to be joined into a single long block. As Van Wagoner described it, prior to 1930 First North Street intersected the athletic field south of the Primary and Grammar Schools. Van Wagoner listed buildings and properties that existed on the Block 40 portion of what was about to become the conjoined two block entity. The Memorial Building and the Carnegie Library are mentioned, as is the city jail and what he called the pioneer adobe homes of William Clark, Paulinus H. Allred and Joseph Andreason. William Clark's Block 40, Position 23 adobe home was actually the only pioneer adobe home on the site in the early months of 1940. Paulinus Allred's adobe home, well south of the field, had been moved to make way for the Merrihew building in 1899, and Joseph Andreason was merely the last in a series of owners of the Position 3 adobe home on First North. The Position 3 dwelling wasn't mentioned directly in connection with the athletic field property but it would have been among the structures removed to make way for the athletic field. Jane S. Lewis, Christopher Hackett and Charles and Julia Gurney were also mentioned as having had property that became parts of the athletic field. Jane S. Lewis had purchased property north of the Position 23 adobe home from Mary Jane Clark whereas Christopher Hackett had purchased property south of the home. Charles and Julia Gurney had sold part of the property on which the Block

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40, Position 9 adobe home had stood decades earlier and it had been removed prior to 1907. The pioneer adobe home of William Clark was not in the exact “middle” of the future athletic field, as Van Wagoner indicated. The field itself is not on any of the Sanborn maps, but comparison of the maps with a 1993 Google Earth aerial view shows that Position 23 adobe home would have been several yards south of center field. Van Wagoner’s Pioneering Lehi History: A 150 Year Pictorial History315 has a 1978 aerial photograph of the town that shows the extreme northern edge of the athletic field just south of a grassy area in the Northwest quadrant of Block 49, the former site of the Grammar School. There’s a large parking lot on the northeast quadrant, the former site of the Primary School. The heating plant with the smoke stack is on the Southeast corner of the grassy area, just northeast of the track that surrounded the athletic field, the northern part of which can be seen clearly to have occupied the southern edge of Block 49. The Grammar School, Primary School, heating plant and northern portion of the bleachers that stood on the eastern side of the athletic field are depicted in a Pioneering Lehi History: A 150 Year Pictorial History316 photograph from 1950. The photographer is standing at a point southwest of the field. There’s also a 1935 photograph317 of a football game in progress with the Memorial Building in the background. That must have been before the bleachers were installed. And finally, someone in the late 1940s kindly took a 133

photograph318 that depicts ranks of girls marching south along the west side of the field. Flag bearers lead the group. The bleachers on the east side of the field are filled with spectators. The photographer was on the west side of the field facing east. Today a photographer at the same position would see the back of the Memorial Building across the Legacy Center parking lot. If the photographer had been there when the 1914/15 panorama photograph was taken he would have seen the pioneer adobe home of William Clark instead of the marching girls. The Final Days of William Clark’s Pioneer Adobe Home William Clark’s pioneer adobe home was the dwelling depicted on First West Street at position 23 on the 1890, 1898, 1907 Sanborn maps of Block 40 in Lehi. William and Jane Stevenson Ross Clark moved into the home with their children at some unknown point in time after their arrival in Lehi in the fall of 1853. They raised their seven children and one adopted grandchild there. At least one of them, William Wheeler Clark, moved back to the home with his children after his wife Polly Melissa died on 21 January, 1887. They were there until William Wheeler remarried on 4 September, 1889. Jane died in the home in September, 1895. Not long afterward William's daughter by his plural wife Margaret Boardman, Mary Jane Clark, moved into the home with him. William and Mary Jane were presumably in the pioneer adobe home when Mary Jane’s brother, James Clark, moved in with his wife 134

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Lehi, Utah, Block 48, 1907. The 55 East, First North home of George Albert Wall (1860-1938) and his wife, William Clark’s daughters, Hannah Marie Clark (1861-1937) is depicted at position 48 on the southern edge of the block. In 1910 that home or its premises was the site of the death of William Clark. The Fifth Ward LDS Meetinghouse later was built on the southeast corner of the block. Note the tithing yard on the future site of the Lehi High School/Junior High School building.

Armitta after their marriage on 20 November, 1895. James and Armitta stayed until August 1896. Mary Jane was still with her father there when he married his sixth wife, Julia Ann Ingram Angell on 12 November, 1896, and brought her to the pioneer adobe home. Julia Ann stayed with William and Mary Jane until some time after May, 1897. 135

William and Mary Jane together moved out some time before 15 April, 1910, and found accommodations with William’s daughter Hannah Marie Clark and her husband George A. Wall in a home that came to be designated 55 East, 100 North. William Clark sold the property on which the pioneer adobe home stood to his step-daughter Sarah Elizabeth Ross and his daughter Emily Jane Clark on 21 November, 1908. Census records show that Sarah Elizabeth was in Wallsburg, Utah, in 1910. She was in Lehi in 1920, but like her step-father ten years previously, she was with or near the Walls on First North Street in Lehi. She died in 1927 in Wallsburg. There's no reason to think that she or any of her family members occupied the pioneer adobe home after she married in 1863. Emily Jane was in Wallsburg in 1910 and in 1920, and in Orem in 1930 and in 1940. There's no evidence that she lived in the pioneer adobe home during the time she was part-owner of the property. The two women sold the pioneer adobe home property to their brother, William Wheeler Clark, in 1914. He was in a home at 420 North, 300 East in 1910, in 1920, and in 1930. There’s nothing to suggest that he or any of his children lived in his father’s pioneer adobe home between 1914 and 1929 when he sold the property to the Alpine School District. After his death in 1910, William Clark’s granddaughter, Juliet Evans (1887-1980), the daughter of William 136

Samuel and Martha Geneva Evans, moved into his pioneer adobe home with her family319. "He died before my second child was born," she said, because we moved into his home". "And she was born there my second baby." Juliett was married to Charles Hyrum Goates (1883-1918) on 17 June, 1908 at the family home in Lehi where they spent the early part of their married life with their five children320. That "family home" must have been the Goates family home. They were with their son, oneyear-old Kenneth Goates (1909-1918), in dwelling 148 on “3rd W” in Lehi on 22 April, 1910, in the 1910 Census. They must have moved into William Clark's pioneer adobe home some time between that date and 30 December, 1910, the birth date of the “second baby,” Vesta Jewel Goates (1910-1918). Juliet’s third child, Elaine Goates (1913-1918), was born in Lehi on 15 February, 1913; her fourth, Raeldon Kyle Goates (1915-1989), was born in Lehi, on 22 November, 1915; and her fifth child, Pauline Goates (1918-1977), was born in Lehi, on 2 March, 1918. Presumably the last three children were all born while the family was in the pioneer adobe home on Block 40. Charles Hyrum Goates was later employed as Farm Supervisor at the State Industrial School in Odgen, Utah. The family left the William Clark pioneer adobe home and moved to Ogden, some time after 2 March, 1918, the birth date of their youngest child. In Ogden, on 18 October, 137

1918, the Spanish Flu epidemic of 1918 claimed Charles' life. The three older children, Kenneth, age nine, Vesta, age seven, Elaine, age five, were taken within five days of their father's death321. Juliet was left with two small children, Raeldon, age three and Pauline, eight months. Juliet and the children are said to have returned to Lehi, but they may not have gone directly back to their hometown. They were in Genola, Utah, with her parents in the 1920 Census. Ten years later, though, forty-one-yearold widow, Juliet Goates and the children were in dwelling 171, in the First Ward in Lehi in the 1930 Census. They may have returned to Juliet's grandfather's pioneer adobe home on Block 40. The Position 23 pioneer adobe home is depicted at position 66 on the 1922 Sanborn map of Block 40. Houses in Lehi had house numbers by then and presumably the street address in 1922 was 66 North, 100 West. If she was in the pioneer adobe home in 1830, that should likely have been Juliet's address in the 1830 Census. That address, however, doesn't appear in Lehi in either the 1920 Census or the 1930 Census. It's not possible to identify who if anyone was at that address those years from the census records. Instead, the 1930 Census gives the house number for Juliet and her children as “50, 1st West”. That could have been 50 North, or 50 South, First West Street. The former 138

would have placed Juliet and her children between Main Street and First North Street on the East side of First West Street. Leaving aside the discrepancy between the house number 50 and the expected number 66, they could therefore have been in the Block 40, Position 23 pioneer adobe home of William Clark. Juliet and her children might have comfortably gravitated to her grandfather’s home on their return to Lehi from Genola. The census identifies Juliet as an unemployed “seamstress.” She and the children are identified as family 179. Fifty-year-old Seth Franklin Christensen (1877-1967) his wife, forty-seven-year-old Elna Justine Larsen (1882-), two children, Sigrid Leona Christensen (1910-2000) and Vernon J. Christensen (1919-1986), and seventy-four-year-old Sine Larsen, identified as mother-in-law, were in the same residence, as family 179A. The Christensens had been in Brigham City, Utah, in the 1910 Census. They appear again in Denver, Colorado, in the 1940 Census, where Seth is listed as a carpenter at a “military reservation”. More important, he’s identified as the owner of the home in the 1930 Census, where Juliet is identified as a renter. Seth Christensen’s name does not appear in the Utah County Block 40 abstract book. The owner of the pioneer adobe home and the property on which it stood was William Wheeler Clark between 1914 and 1930. That castes doubt on the identity of Christensen's home as the pioneer adobe home of William Clark. 139

It’s unlikely “50 1st West” was the building south of the William Clark home. That was the Southworth Building. The street address of that building probably should have been 40 North, 100 West, as indicated by the number designation of the building on the 1922 Sanborn map. That building was probably never used as a residence. No residents are listed at 40 North, First West in the 1920 or 1930 censuses in Lehi. Harold D Christensen (1888-1955) used the Southworth Building as a dental parlor during part of the period between 1910 and 1930322, but there's no indication that Seth Franklin Christensen was a relative of his. The incomplete “50 1st West” address could have meant 50 South, rather than 50 North, First West Street. That would have placed Juliet and the children half a block south of Main Street on Block 32. There’s nothing that could be construed as a dwelling near the middle of the east side of Block 32 on the 1890, 1898 and 1907 Sanborn maps. The 1922 Sanborn map depicts a wood frame structure labelled “Wagon Shed” there. It's south of and adjacent to a line that marks the middle of the block between the stores on Main Street and a large dwelling on the Southeast corner at position 84. In the 1920 Census that dwelling would have been dwelling 7, the home of Joseph Hammer (1871-1831) and his wife Sarah Zerelda Egbert (1862-1949). The address would have been 84 South, 100 West, which was also the address of their 140

dwelling 45 home in the 1930 Census. Van Wagoner323 explains the presence of the “Wagon Shed.” The Hammers had a livery stable on Main Street. It went out of business in 1916, but in 1918 Zerelda Hammer bought property at approximately 54 South First West. The 5 August 1920 Lehi Sun advertised Joseph Hammer’s new livery stable on the site. Auto Service was noted as well as a “hearse and hacks for funerals.” Hammer further offered “special rates to Salt Lake (same as railroad) for parties of four or more.” Despite the Interurban’s competition he was able to maintain a reasonably successful business until his death on March 1931. George and Laura Strassburg bought the property in 1941 and in 1956 Mountain States Telephone built their Lehi switching station on the spot. It’s unlikely there ever was a dwelling at 50 South, 100 West. The “50 1st West” house must have been north of Main Street. The entry for Juliet's home, dwelling 171, is the last entry for the Lehi First Ward in the 1930 Census. The previous entry, dwelling 170, was the home of Stephen A. Willes (1883-1972) and his family at “548 So 4th W.” Van Wagoner324 says that Stephen A. Willes owned and operated the Lehi Creamery at his home on Fifth West. The 1930 Census has the Willes family at 548 South, 400 West; the 1940 Census has them at 548 South, 300 141

West. Whichever of the two was their actual address, the Willeses appear to have been several blocks away from the Position 23 Pioneer adobe home of William Clark. The census taker in 1930 seems to have visited the home of Juliet and her children out of sequence, after having completed the canvas of the rest of the First Ward.

The Lehi Grammar School in flames in 1952. From Lehi Historical Society and Archives.

The Position 23 pioneer adobe home was probably the only dwelling on the East side of First West Street between Main Street and Second North Street in 1920 and 1930. It may have lacked a house number, obliging the census taker to guess at the number. The number 50 142

seems contrived. A house at 50 North would presumably have been located squarely in the middle of the block and would have implausibly have straddled two building lots. Nevertheless, on 10 April, 1930, the day the census enumerator signed the form that listed Juliet Evans Goates and her children at “50 1st West” which was possibly William Clark's pioneer adobe home on the then future site of the athletic field. If so, She and the Christensens may have been making preparations to move out in advance of the imminent demolition of their home. Van Wagoner325 describes the events that created all of the blank space indicated by the 1934 modifications of the 1922 Sanborn map of Block 40. In August 1929 plans for a large athletic field in the heart of Lehi were jointly announced by the Lehi Lions Club, Lehi City, and Alpine School District. Laid out just west of the Memorial Building, the project necessitated the closing of First North Street between Center and First West. May 1 was declared a city holiday and several old pioneer homes and the city jail were demolished326. Those “several old pioneer homes” would have actually been the Position 23 and Position 3 pioneer adobe homes only. The Southworth Building, though not a dwelling, would have joined the homes and the jail in the May Day demolitions of 1930. Juliet’s nephew LaDrue Dorton may have watched the action from across the street at the 143

home of his grandparents at 47 North, First West. A reminder of pioneer times in Lehi was gone with the dust of the pioneer adobe home of William Clark in Lehi. Van Wagoner327 explains what happened next. While Lehi citizens had celebrated the Fourth and Twenty-fourth of July since the earliest days of settlement, they did not have festivities that specifically honored the town. In June 1930 Representatives from Lehi City, the Lions Club, Farm Bureau, and Utah Indian War Veterans met to institute an annual—“Utah Beet Sugar Day.” Plans were outlined to hold the first celebration on 13 August in connection with the joint state encampment of the Sons & Daughters of Utah Pioneers and Indian War Veterans. All old buildings and debris on the present site of the old high school Athletic Field were cleared off by community groups. Sites for more than a hundred tents were then laid out here and on the grounds of the nearby Primary and Grammar Schools. The budget for the celebration was $500, of which half was contributed by the Utah County commissioners and the remainder by the UtahIdaho Sugar Company. Flags and pennants advertising Utah Beet Sugar Day were rented from Salt Lake Costume and hung on both Main and State Street locations. Leo Hansen and Hugh 144

Otterson, appointed by the Lions Club, were placed in charge of the parade which consisted of over one hundred entries. The theme of the 10:00 a.m. parade was to tell in story from the history of Indian troubles and pioneer life in Utah. A carnival, a rodeo and other events followed for three days and the celebrations were repeated in the coming years. After 1933, however, Utah Sugar Beet Days were discontinued because the Lehi Sugar Factory328 had permanently closed. Juliet and the kids probably went to the carnival, along with many of the rest of William Clark’s descendants and neighbors. Somebody probably kept a piece or two what remained of the “old buildings and debris” that was cleared from the site that day. Juliet’s daughter Pauline married Jay Boyd Smuin (1916-1991). I knew her as Pauline Smuin. They lived at 140 South, 100 West about two blocks up the street from my house at 362 South, 100 West. If she was still there I’d ask her about that old house on present site of the Lehi Legacy Center parking lot. Epilogue One hundred years after William and Jane arrived in Lehi I missed attending Fourth Grade in the Grammar School because the new Lehi Elementary School at 765 North

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Center Street had opened in 1952. Van Wagoner329 described events of those days. When the Lehi Elementary School was completed in 1952 both the Primary and Grammar Schools were vacated. As with other empty school buildings, vandals quickly began their works of destruction. … The 6 November 1952 Lehi Free Press, while announcing the dedication of the new Lehi Elementary School, noted that Police Chief George Ricks had compiled a list of twenty juveniles responsible for breaking out virtually every window in the old school buildings as well as causing extensive damage to the interiors. Boarded up with sheets of plywood, the school buildings were never used again. A spectacular fire caused by an out-ofcontrol rubbish burn, destroyed the Grammar School building on 9 August 1954. … I don’t know where I was when that fire broke out. I had attended First, Second and Third Grades in the Primary School. I turned 9 in the Third Grade, during the 1951/52 school year. Of course in those days I had no idea whatsoever that my second great grandfather's plural wife had lived on that block. Van Wagoner330 says that in the spring of 1921 the Alpine School Board announced that a Lehi High School would be built on the Lehi Tithing Office site on the southeast corner of Center and Second North. That would be biggest 146

change to Block 48 since William Clark spent his final days there with the Walls on the North side of First North Street in 1910. The school is depicted on the Northwest quadrant of the block on the 1922 Sanborn map, with Gymnasium, Carpenter Shop, Heating Plant and Coal Bin extending eastward from the main building. That completely changed the Northwest corner of Block 48. The South side remained much as it had been in 1910. The Whitmans were still there. Van Wagoner331 says that Anna Wilma Whitman (1905-1993), who as a young girl lived immediately south of the tithing yard332, recalled huge hay stacks, corn cribs, and nervous cattle in the corrals. She remembered a tithing clerk who tried to pick up a side of beef with his teeth. The children were shocked to see the straining man’s lower teeth snap off under the stress of the excessive load. The 1934 modification of the 1922 Sanborn map of Block 48 shows a large building labelled “Auditorium” added to the High School. With addition of the auditorium the school took up about three-fourths of the block along Center Street from Second North Street to First North Street. The modification of the 1922 Sanborn map indicates that two of the Whitman homes on the South side of the block and the Wall's First North Street home were still in place in 1934, but east of them a large building labelled “5th Ward L.D.S. Church” had replaced the Comer’s adobe home on the Southeast corner of the block. Van Wagoner333 says 147

Asa Jones Clark (1882-1966) at his home at 187 North, Third West in Lehi.

that ground clearing for the new church began on 1 February, 1928. The Walls probably watched the progress as the old Comer home came down and the meeting house went up next door. I don't think I ever set foot in that meeting house. A summer rain storm commenced as large assembly of boys and their fathers gathered outside the building one afternoon in preparation for a camping trip. I don't remember if we went on the trip or not. My father may have told me about his uncle George and his aunt Hannah Marie on the other side of the church, but if he did I don’t 148

recall. He may have known that his great grandfather, William Clark, had died there the year before he himself was born. The Wall’s home and the homes of the Whitman brothers west of them wouldn't be in place long. The site of the Whitman’s homes became the site of the High School lunch room which years later became the Lehi Public Library at 120 North Center Street. When I was a student in the Lehi High School/Junior High School, seventh through tenth grades, we sometimes sat in the back of the auditorium to eat our lunches. Some days we walked over to Evan’s Cafe on Main Street for “ten fries” or “fifteen fries,” cooked up and served by William Clark’s great granddaughter, my Aunt Alta Pearl Clark (1908-1998). Van Wagoner334 says the cafe was in the renovated building that had housed the Dorton Brother’s Butcher Shop at 120 West Main. That plate of big french fries, supplemented by candy procured from Price’s IGA Market on the way back to school, served as a nutritious meal on those days. If William and Mary Jane and George and Hannah Marie were to come back today, any traces they would find of the house, sheds and stables that once stood on the site would be under the parking lot on the east side of the library. They would see the site of the Wall’s home, like the site of the pioneer adobe home of William Clark itself, covered by asphalt. 149

That's true as well for the adobe home on First North Street that was probably the home of William Wheeler and Polly Melissa Willes Clark on 24 September, 1882, when their third child, my grandfather Asa Jones Clark, was born. The site of that home became part of the Lehi High School athletic field. It's now part of the parking lot serving the Lehi Legacy Center. The dirt of what was quite likely their dirt floor, like the dirt under the pioneer adobe home of William Clark itself, is now covered by asphalt. The Legacy Center parking lot is a fitting memorial to William Clark who converted the site from sagebrush to a smooth surface for resting automobiles. Presumably that was progress. An unidentified grandchild335 said William Clark was a kind and considerate father, a loving husband, a good neighbor, an upright citizen and a true "Latter Day Saint". He always wore a mustache and walked with a cane. He's buried in Lehi336 with an Indian Wars Memorial plaque337 beside his tombstone. Richard Van Wagoner338 saw it there as he strolled through the cemetery reflecting on the Lehi history he knew well. He saw memorials to Bishops David Evans and Thomas Cutler a stone's throw from each other, surrounded by numerous wives and kin. He imagined James Harwood, George Webb, William Clark, George Comer, and numerous other legendary figures resting under monuments befitting men of their stature.

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Juliet Evans said that her grandfather "had a Grandfather clock". She said it was very nice, but it stopped when he died. Family members tried, but no one was able to get it fixed.

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1

[email protected]. Corrections or additions welcome.

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. 2

Discovery of his consecration deed, dating from 1855 or 1856, after this document was written, revealed that William Clark and his family lived in the Sanborn maps Position 3 home on First North Street before they moved to the Position 23 home on First West Street, the “Pioneer Adobe Home” of this document. See Mormon Pioneer William Clark (1825-1910) Consecrated his Property in Lehi, Utah, to his Church, https://drive.google.com/file/d/ 0B5wDxipAGQN2RGVUeHFfYWx1aW8/view?usp=sharing, 10 MB, and Early Mormon Settlers in Lehi, Utah, Consecrated their Properties to their Church, https://drive.google.com/file/d/ 0B5wDxipAGQN2ZGNSY1JfOFBxZWs/view?usp=sharing, 4 MB 3

Primary School, Buildings - Penney Jensen. (2016). Museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov/Broadbent-Collection/Buildings-1/i-PBrbSth 4

Grammar School, (2016). Hutchingsmuseum.smugmug.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// hutchingsmuseum.smugmug.com/search/?searchWordsShort=grammar+school&sea 5

Lehi Legacy Center, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://www.lehi-ut.gov/legacycenter/ 6

familysearch.org, Free Family History and Genealogy Records. (2016). FamilySearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/ 7

Hamilton Gardner, 1913, History of Lehi, Including a Biographical Section, Full text of "History of Lehi, including a biographical section..". (2016). Archive.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://archive.org/stream/historyoflehiinc, p. 78. 8

Lehi Centennial History, Lehi Centennial History, 1850-1950 (A History of Lehi for One Hundred Years): Lehi Centennial Committee. 9

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. 10

11

Pioneering Lehi City: A 150-Year Pictorial History, 2001.

12

Lehi Historical Society and Archives, Lehi Historical Society and Archives - Lehi City. (2016). Lehi City. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://www.lehi-ut.gov/community/archives/

Lehi Historical Society and Archives, (2016). Facebook.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// www.facebook.com/groups/418704064984765/485873184934519/?notif_t=group_activity 13

14

Utah County Office of Land Records, 100 E Center Street, Suite 1300, Provo, Utah 84606

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15

Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. (2014). Total Geospatial Solutions. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.sanborn.com/sanborn-fire-insurance-maps/. These are an invaluable graphic source of information about Lehi as it appeared in the past. These provide a Google Maps-like view of the city as it appeared in 1890, 1898, 1907, 1922 and 1907, 1922 and 1934. The earliest Sanborn maps consulted are accessible through the Digital Library, Digital Library - Marriott Library - The University of Utah. (2016). Lib.utah.edu. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// www.lib.utah.edu/collections/digital-library.php, of the University of Utah J. Willard Marriott Library, Home - Marriott Library - The University of Utah. (2016). Lib.utah.edu. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// www.lib.utah.edu/index (Lehi Maps 1-9, 1890, 1898, 1907, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. (2016). Content.lib.utah.edu. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/search/collection/ sanborn-jp2/searchterm/Lehi/field/all/mode/all/conn/and/page/1/order/title/ad/asc). A bound set of Sanborn maps of Lehi is preserved at the Hutchings Museum in Lehi. Photocopies of these are preserved in the collections of the Lehi City Historical Archives. Lehi Historical Society and Archives, Lehi Historical Society and Archives - Lehi City. (2016). Lehi City. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://www.lehiut.gov/community/archives/. Inside the front cover of the Hutchings Museum set is a stamped statement dated 1934 and signed by S. I. Goodwin and T. F. Kirkham. All of these are stamped “1922” but in many places they have pieces of transparent or translucent velum glued over various sections. They indicate the positions structures known by Goodwin and Kirkham to have been removed after 1922. That probably explains why 1934 was the date written on the Archives photocopies. The “1934 editions” were simply hand alterations of the 1922 maps. Since there were no street addresses at the time of the 1890, 1898 and 1907 maps, the numbers around the edges of blocks provide what I call a “Sanborn address” for each dwelling. The numbers on the edges of the 1922 maps presumably represent the actual house numbers. 16

Typescript of a “Lehi Yesteryears” article on file at the Hutchings Museum.

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 367, describes the coming of house numbers to Lehi. … Congress in 1913 had appropriated $100,000 for establishing this service in one or two “Third Class” cities in each state. Lehi became Utah’s “test village” and was required to erect street signs—cement markers were established at each intersection—as well as pass an ordinance requiring all houses to be numbered. In addition homes were required to erect “some neat metallic mail boxes.” 17

Lehi Yesteryears: Women’s role in history of the West not fully recognized, Lehi Free Press, 1 March 1995, pages 1 and 4, at https://familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-300-39171-124-79/dist.jpg? ctx=ArtCtxPublic. See About Lehi free press. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84002074/ 18

The Clarks don't appear to have had professional standing like their ancestors must have had in order to acquire the Clark surname. According to Clark Family Surname, Clark Name Meaning & Clark Family History at Ancestry.com. (2016). Ancestry.com. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://www.ancestry.com/ name-origin?surname=clark, Clerk or Clark or Clarke, all pronounced in England as “klärk," was an English occupational name for a scribe or secretary, originally a member of a minor religious order. In medieval Christian Europe, clergy in minor orders were permitted to marry and have families so the surname became established multiple times in numerous jurisdictions. In the Middle Ages virtually only members of religious orders learned to read and write and the term clerk came to denote any literate man. Thomas Wheeler Clark and his son William were certainly not members of the kind of religious orders referred to. In fact, nothing has come to light that would indicate what kind of religious leanings they might have had in England and no conversions stories have become available. 19

20

According to notes kindly provided by DeLeen Clark Holbrook, one of the six, Thomas Hill Clark (1820-1888), was William’s half-brother, the illegitimate son of Mary Hill, the adopted child of John Wheeler Clark.

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William Clark and Emily Bryant marriage record, 1848, Certified copy of entry of marriage, William Clark and Emily Bryant. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/ photos/images/6588688? p=4419393&returnLabel=Emily%20Knowles%20Bryant%20(K2WZ-79G)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffa milysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DK2WZ-79G%26section%3Dmemories. Ombersley is a parish in the countryside about five miles south of Hartlebury. 21

Portrait, genealogical and biographical record of the State of Utah…, Portrait, genealogical and biographical record of the State of Utah. (2016). Google Books. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// books.google.com/books? id=_uQDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=Stephen+William+Ross+Lehi&source=bl&ots=R_bYTiY zll&sig=b_Q6fTmGeCIPjRO9yTgzxfSRRA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ux8TVayUI4vhggTJq4PgBA&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Steph en%20William%20Ross%20Lehi&f=false, p. 204-205 22

23

William and Jane: A Match Made in ... Council Point?, https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/ 5366913?returnLabel=Jane%20Stevenson%20(KWJCBSP)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWJC-BSP%26spouse%3DKWNV-3R7%26section%3Dmemories 24

Henry Ware, Liverpool to New Orleans 7 Feb 1849 - 9 Apr 1849 | Mormon Migration. (2016). Mormonmigration.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://mormonmigration.lib.byu.edu/mii/ voyage/165 25

Ella Armitta Clark Muhlestein - My History. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/5327372?returnLabel=Ella%20Armitta%20Clark%20(KWCVBR5)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCV-BR5%26section%3Dmemories 26

A history of the Iowa place names Kanesville, Council Bluffs, and Council Point; Winter Quarters, Nebraska, and other places that pertain to the Mormon exodus from the United States to Utah is presented, along with a map, as part of The Winter Quarters Project, Winter Quarters > Home . (2016). Winterquarters.byu.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://winterquarters.byu.edu/Home.aspx Iowa, Pottawattamie County, Annotated Record of US Census, 1850, Join Ancestry. (2016). Search.ancestry.com. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll? db=1850FedCenIowa&h=6203&ti=0&indiv=try&gss=pt&ssrc=pt_t17242282_p507510321_kpidz0q3d5075 10321z0q26pgz0q3d32768z0q26pgplz0q3dpid 27

28

Lehi Centennial History, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/WilliamClarkCentennialHistory1.pdf The Chastening Rod: Cholera Epidemics and the Mormons, (2016). Dialoguejournal.com. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/ Dialogue_V12N03_10.pdf 29

Henry W. Miller Company, Press, T. (2016). Henry W. Miller Company (1852) - Pioneer Overland Travels. History.lds.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://history.lds.org/overlandtravels/companies/ 206 30

31

Lehi Centennial History, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/WilliamClarkCentennialHistory1.pdf

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Iowa, County Marriages, 1838-1934, Person Details for William Clark, "Iowa, County Marriages, 1838-1934" — FamilySearch.org. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/XJHZ-95B 33

William and Jane: A Match Made in ... Council Point?. Familysearch.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/5366913?returnLabel=Jane%20Stevenson%20(KWJCBSP)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWJC-BSP%26spouse%3DKWNV-3R7%26section%3Dmemories Stephen Weeks Ross and Jane Stevenson, Stephen Weeks Ross and Jane Stevensen. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/6471590? returnLabel=Stephan%20Weeks%20Ross%20(LZK8HRX)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DLZK8 -HRX%26section%3Dmemories 34

John Tidwell Company, Press, T. (2016). John Tidwell Company (1852) - Pioneer Overland Travels. History.lds.org. Retrieved 11 June 2016, from https://history.lds.org/overlandtravels/companies/14/johntidwell-company 35

Council Point Emigrating Company Journal, 1851 November - 1852 September, Press, T. (2016). Council Point Emigrating Company, Journal, 1851 Nov.-1852 Sept. - Pioneer Overland Travels. History.lds.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://history.lds.org/overlandtravels/sources/4651/councilpoint-emigrating-company-journal-1851-nov-1852-sept, has entries regarding William Clark and his family on their overland journey. 36

In, William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 37

Edward Hunter was the Presiding Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1851 till his death in 1883. Edward Hunter (Mormon). (2016). Wikipedia. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Hunter_(Mormon) 38

39

Two other children born in 1853 and 1855, respectively, call the date of marriage into question.

40

Lehi Centennial History, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/WilliamClarkCentennialHistory1.pdf In, William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 41

Biography of John Edgar Ross, Biography of John Edgar Ross. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/6471614? returnLabel=John%20Edgar%20Ross%20(KWZWM5L)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWZW-M5L%26section%3Dmemories 42

43

A note on Family Tree: “see notes of family group sheet said not to seal to parents md (2) Mary Hill or Mary Bathgate.” Notes provided by DeLene Clark Holbrook suggest that Mary may have been in American Fork when she died in August, 1853. Efforts to establish the exact date of her death and the place of her burial have been unsuccessful. It's not likely she is buried in Lehi as her son William did not live there until 5 November, 1853. There's no record of her burial in American Fork or in Lehi. Several early settlers are still interred at the earliest burial ground, now the Lehi Pioneer Cemetery. In 1872 when the road was widened and the railroad cut through the cemetery, many bodies were moved to a new cemetery. Unfortunately there’s no record of names of individuals involved.

155

44

The Polygamous Wives Writing Club, Paula Kelly Harline, 2014, Oxford University Pres.

45

Portrait, genealogical and biographical record of the State of Utah…, Portrait, genealogical and biographical record of the State of Utah. (2016). Google Books. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// books.google.com/books? id=_uQDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=Stephen+William+Ross+Lehi&source=bl&ots=R_bYTiY zll&sig=b_Q6fTmGeCIPjRO9yTgzxfSRRA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ux8TVayUI4vhggTJq4PgBA&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Steph en%20William%20Ross%20Lehi&f=false, p. 204-205 46

(2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ WilliamClarkCentennialHistory1.pdf 47

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. pp. 91, 225. 48

(2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 20 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/ Militia-TinticWar.pdf 49

(2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 20 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/ LehiMIlitiaoftheNauvooLegionbyRichardVanWagoner.pdf 50

(2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ LehiMIlitiaoftheNauvooLegionbyRichardVanWagonerweb.pdf 51

(2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ LehiMenParticipatingintheUtahWarprint.pdf 52

Utah History to Go. (2016). Historytogo.utah.gov. Retrieved 11 June 2016, from http:// historytogo.utah.gov/salt_lake_tribune/centennial_celebration/072395.html 53

Hamilton Gardner, 1913, History of Lehi, Including a Biographical Section, Full text of "History of Lehi, including a biographical section..". (2016). Archive.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://archive.org/stream/historyoflehiinc 54

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 215. 55

Lehi Stake, Utah LDS Church Wards and Branches Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/ Lehi_Stake,_Utah_LDS_Church_Wards_and_Branches 56

Hamilton Gardner, 1913, History of Lehi, Including a Biographical Section, Full text of "History of Lehi, including a biographical section..". (2016). Archive.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://archive.org/stream/historyoflehiinc, p. 78. 57

The Alpine Stake was created on 13 January, 1901, when the Utah Stake was divided. It included the American Fork, Lehi, Pleasant Grove, Lindon, Manilla, Alpine and Cedar Valley wards in the north end of Utah County. Utah Stake, Utah LDS Church Wards and Branches Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/ Utah_Stake,_Utah_LDS_Church_Wards_and_Branches#Utah_Stake 58

Lehi Yesteryears: Women’s role in history of the West not fully recognized, Lehi Free Press, 1 March 1995, pages 1 and 4, at https://familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-300-39171-124-79/dist.jpg? ctx=ArtCtxPublic. See About Lehi free press. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84002074/

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59

p. 202.

60

Our Family History: Genealogy of the Wilde and Montague Families, Our Family History. (2016). Wildague.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.wildague.com/Genealogy/index.php; William Clark Home, Photos: William Clark Home. (2016). Wildague.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// www.wildague.com/Genealogy/showmedia.php?mediaID=55&medialinkID=96 61

William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 62

Death of Mrs. Clark Lehi Banner, 1895-09-26, Lehi Banner, 1895-09-26 :: Lehi Banner and Lehi Sun. (2016). Udn.lib.utah.edu. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm/compoundobject/ collection/lehiban/id/19225/show/19162/rec/8 63

1860 Census William Clark dwelling 3426 1870 Census William Clark dwelling 17 1880 Census William Clark dwelling 20 1890 Census lost in 1921 fire 1900 Census William Clark dwelling 163 1910 Census William Clark dwelling 498

64

Photograph. (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/09/Lehi-High.jpg 65

Lehi Yesteryears: Women’s role in history of the West not fully recognized, Lehi Free Press, 1 March 1995, pages 1 and 4, at https://familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-300-39171-124-79/dist.jpg? ctx=ArtCtxPublic. 66

See Plural Marriage and Families in Early Utah, Polygamy (Plural Marriage) | LDS Church Perspective on Polygamy. (2016). Lds.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://www.lds.org/topics/pluralmarriage-and-families-in-early-utah?lang=eng 67

The Mormon Grid: Zion in the Desert. (2016). Content.lib.utah.edu. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://content.lib.utah.edu/utils/getfile/collection/uspace/id/3215/filename/2052.pdf 68

The Wives and Time of William Clark, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/documents/11493034? returnLabel=Margaret%20Boardman%20(KWNV-3RW)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2 Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWNV-3RW%26section%3Dmemories 69

William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 70

Max Evans, William and Jane: A Match Made in ... Council Point?, William and Jane: A Match Made in ... Council Point?. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/ photos/stories/5366913?returnLabel=Jane%20Stevenson%20(KWJCBSP)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWJC-BSP%26spouse%3DKWNV-3R7%26section%3Dmemories 71

John Edgar Ross (1840-1920) Stephen Weeks Ross, Jr. (1841-1917) Sarah Elizabeth Ross (1843-1927)

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72

Emily Jane Clark (1853-1945) William Wheeler Clark (1855-1934) Martha Geneva Clark (1857-1930) Mary Ann Clark (1859-1930) Hannah Marie Clark (1861-1937) Juliett Clark (1863-1884) Rosilla Clark (1866-1950)

73

Sevilla Jane Clark (1872-1955)

74

John Henry Zimmerman Clark (1864-1865) Rosina Tirzah Clark (1866-1952)

Our Family History, William Clark, William Clark b. 26 Jul 1825 Mitre Oak, Hartlebury, Worcestershire, England d. 7 May 1910 Lehi, Utah, Utah. (2016). Wildague.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.wildague.com/Genealogy/getperson.php?personID=I156&tree=main_tree. Also, William Clark (1825-1910) and his family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://dkwilde.com/ Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 75

76

Julia Ann Zimmerman Drury, Julia Ann Zimmerman Drury (1829 - 1915) - Find A Grave Memorial. (2016). Findagrave.com. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi? page=gr&GRid=19503757 77

Historic Peterson and Clark Homes, 38 pp., compiled by Fran Hafen, et al. (p. 11), made available to me by Fran Hafen of American Fork, Utah. 78

https://familysearch.org/tree/ #view=ancestor§ion=details&person=KWNV-3RW&spouse=KWNV-3R7 79

Company Unknown (1866), Press, T. (2016). Margaret Boardman - Pioneer Overland Travels. History.lds.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016, from https://history.lds.org/overlandtravels/pioneers/53192/ margaret-boardman

Margaret and her children are featured at Our Family History, Margaret Boardman, Margaret Boardman b. 30 Sep 1840 Preston, Lancashire, England d. 10 Aug 1894 Lehi, Utah, Utah. (2016). Wildague.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// www.wildague.com/Genealogy/getperson.php?personID=I157&tree=main_tree, Ancestors of Thomas Henry Clark, by Cameron D. Wilde, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/Clark_Ancestors.pdf, and Thomas Henry Clark Family by Cameron D. Wilde, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Thomas_Clark/ Thomas_Clark.pdf, and Our Family History, Thomas Henry Clark, Thomas Henry Clark b. 19 Jan 1868 Lehi, Utah, Utah d. 19 Aug 1939 Lehi, Utah, Utah. (2016). Wildague.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.wildague.com/Genealogy/ getperson.php?personID=I145&tree=main_tree. 80

81

Thomas Henry Clark (1868-1939) Mary Jane Clark (1870-1948) James Clark (1875-1939)

82

William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf

158

83

Family Tree, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/tree/ #view=ancestor§ion=details&person=KWNV-3R7&spouse=MMS3-4ZV 84

England Marriages, 1538-1973, Person Details for Horatio Latreille, "England Marriages, 1538–1973 " — FamilySearch.org. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/pal:/ MM9.1.1/V52M-RL5 85

Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel 1847–1868, https://history.lds.org/overlandtravels/home

86

John A. Hunt Company, Press, T. (2016). John A. Hunt Company (1856) - Pioneer Overland Travels. History.lds.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://history.lds.org/overlandtravels/companies/174/john-ahunt-company 87

Pioneer Members of the Hunt Wagon Company, Mormon Pioneer List Of the Hunt Wagon Company, 1856. (2016). Tellmystorytoo.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.tellmystorytoo.com/membershunt-wagon-company 88

Cyrus Hubbard Wheelock: In Desert, On Mountain, On Land, or On Sea. (2016). Keepapitchinin, the Mormon History blog. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.keepapitchinin.org/2012/11/27/cyrushubbard-wheelock-in-desert-on-mountain-on-land-or-on-sea/ 89

Captain Dan Jones, Captain Dan Jones by Ronald D. Dennis. (2016). Abergelefieldclub.co.uk. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.abergelefieldclub.co.uk/notebook/Captain-Dan-Jones.php 90

Mary Matilda LaTrielle, Welsh Mormon History . (2016). Welshmormon.byu.edu. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://welshmormon.byu.edu/Photo_Info.aspx?id=1908 91

Cyrus Hubbard Wheelock: In Desert, On Mountain, On Land, or On Sea. (2016). Keepapitchinin, the Mormon History blog. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.keepapitchinin.org/2012/11/27/cyrushubbard-wheelock-in-desert-on-mountain-on-land-or-on-sea/ 92

Provo City Cemetery - Vincent, Mary Matilda Latrielle Jones - GravestoneWiki. (2016). Gravestonewiki.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://gravestonewiki.com/index.php? title=Provo_City_Cemetery_-_Vincent,_Mary_Matilda_Latrielle_Jones 93

Join Ancestry. (2016). Trees.ancestry.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/ 61331580/person/30072374019/fact/261973209132 94

Alfred Cumming, Alfred Cumming. (2016). Historytogo.utah.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// historytogo.utah.gov/people/governors/territorial/cumming.html 95

Johnston’s Army, profile, V. (2008). UTAH WAR AND JOHNSTON'S ARMY. Johnstonsarmy.blogspot.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://johnstonsarmy.blogspot.com/ 96

Rachel Whymer latrielle, Rachel Whymer Latreille (1800 - 1872) - Find A Grave Memorial. (2016). Findagrave.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi? page=gr&GRid=11569252 97

Historic Peterson and Clark Homes, 38 pp., compiled by Fran Hafen, et al. (p. 11), made available to me by Fran Hafen of American Fork, Utah. 98

The Salt Lake herald, April 8, 1880, The Salt Lake herald. (Salt Lake City [Utah) 1870-1909, April 08, 1880, Image 3. (1880). Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1880-04-08/ed-1/seq-3/ #date1=1836&index=0&rows=20&words=Clark+Lehi+William&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=Ut ah&date2=1922&proxtext=William+Clark+Lehi&y=14&x=16&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1

159

99

Historic Peterson and Clark Homes, 38 pp., compiled by Fran Hafen, et al. (p. 11), made available to me by Fran Hafen of American Fork, Utah 100

The entry is written by hand on lined paper in an old, thin, black note book in the possession of a descendent of William Clark, Randy Fenn, son of Harold Fenn (1926-2013) and Bertha Clark (1918-1999). 101

(2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/tree/ #view=ancestor§ion=details&person=KWNV-3R7&spouse=KWJC-BSP 102

William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 103

William Clark in the Utah, Select Marriages, 1887-1966, Join Ancestry. (2016). Search.ancestry.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll? viewrecord=1&r=an&db=FS1UtahCoMarriages&indiv=try&h=309408 104

Julia Ann Angell, Julia Ann Angell. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/stories/7015756?returnLabel=Julia%20Anna%20Angell%20(KWCKM95)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCK-M95%26section%3Dmemories 105

Utah County Recorder’s Office, Block 49, lines 16 and 17

106

William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 107

William Samuel Evans (1855-1935)

108

Isaac Chilton (1830-1911)

109

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=67624024

110

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 13 111

See my own Pioneer Adobe Homes on the Memorial Building and Legacy Center Blocks in Lehi, Utah, https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5wDxipAGQN2MWRJVk1GNlVPVWM/view?usp=sharing 112

William Gurney, from Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, England to Lehi, Utah, William Gurney, from Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, England to Lehi, Utah. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/3890635?returnLabel=William%20Gurney%20(KWNKG6R)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWNK-G6R%26section%3Dmemories 113

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 12. 114

Family Search: Peter Julius Christofferson, life story, Peter Julius Christofferson, life story. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/4627241? returnLabel=Peter%20Julius%20Christofferson%20(KWCDZDN)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCD-ZDN%26section%3Dmemories 115

Lehi Centennial History, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/WilliamClarkCentennialHistory1.pdf

160

116

Hamilton Gardner, 1913, History of Lehi, Including a Biographical Section, Full text of "History of Lehi, including a biographical section..". (2016). Archive.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// archive.org/stream/historyoflehiinc00gardrich/historyoflehiinc00gardrich_djvu.txt, p. 67. 117

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 5. 118

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 399. 119

The Mormon Grid: Zion in the Desert, (2016). Content.lib.utah.edu. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://content.lib.utah.edu/utils/getfile/collection/uspace/id/3215/filename/2052.pdf 120

Portrait, genealogical and biographical record of the State of Utah…, Portrait, genealogical and biographical record of the State of Utah. (2016). Google Books. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// books.google.com/books? id=_uQDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=Stephen+William+Ross+Lehi&source=bl&ots=R_bYTiY zll&sig=b_Q6fTmGeCIPjRO9yTgzxfSRRA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ux8TVayUI4vhggTJq4PgBA&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Steph en%20William%20Ross%20Lehi&f=false, p. 204-205 121

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 253. 122

Making Adobe Bricks, Making Adobe Bricks . (2016). Desertphile.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://desertphile.org/adobe/brick.htm 123

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 6 124

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 11 People and their place in the History of Lehi MP, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/PeopleandtheirplaceintheHistoryofLehiM-P2.pdf 125

Biography of Anders Peterson. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/stories/1706699? returnLabel=Anders%20Peterson%20(KWJF-589)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftre e%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWJF-589%26section%3Dmemories 126

James Whitehead Taylor by Anne Chambers. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/8788342? returnLabel=James%20Whitehead%20Taylor%20(KWJBNKB)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWJB-NKB%26section%3Dmemories 127

People and their place in the History of Lehi MP, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/PeopleandtheirplaceintheHistoryofLehiM-P2.pdf 128

Story of the Llife of Canute Peterson, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-303-42264-253-95/dist.pdf? ctx=ArtCtxPublic&session=USYS1F5B66BE55DF7C049094BF542FC088D2_idses-prod03.a.fsglobal.net 129

161

Aside from that of William Clark, these are covered in greater detail in my “Pioneer Adobe Homes on the Memorial Building and Legacy Center Blocks in Lehi, Utah,” https://drive.google.com/file/d/ 0B5wDxipAGQN2MWRJVk1GNlVPVWM/view?usp=sharing 130

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. pp. 10-11. 131

132 133

Utah County Office of Land Records, 100 E Center Street, Suite 1300, Provo, Utah 84606 Block 40, lines 1-7

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Prepared under Richard R. Lyman, dated December, 1911, obtained from the Utah County Office of Land Records, 100 East Center Street, Suite 1300, Provo, Utah 84606

See my own Pioneer Adobe Homes on the Memorial Building and Legacy Center Blocks in Lehi, Utah, https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5wDxipAGQN2MWRJVk1GNlVPVWM/view?usp=sharing 135

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 80. 136

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 80. 137

138

Block 40, line 27. The date of the purchase was 20 June 1883.

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 321. 139

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Block 40, line 1. Be it known to these Presents that I Wm. H. Winn Mayor of the City of Lehi Utah County Utah Territory by virtue of the Trust invested in me by an Act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah. Approved February 17, 1869 entitled an Act prescribing Rules and Regulations for the execution of the Trust, arising under an Act of Congress, entitled An Act for the Relief of the Inhabitants of Cities and Towns upon the Public Lands, Approved March 2nd 1860, and in consideration of the sum of Twenty One and 60/100 Dollars paid by William Clark of Lehi City County of Utah, Territory of Utah the receipt whereof is herby acknowledged, the said William Clark having been adjudged by the Probate Court of Utah County, Territory aforesaid to be the rightful owner and possessor of the following described parcels of land, viz, commencing at S.W. corner of S.E. 1/4 Section 18 T.5.S R.1.E. thence S 20 Rods 12 ft thence E 18 Rods thence S 80 Rods thence W 18 Rods thence N 59 Rods 4 1/2 ft Area 9 Acres. — Also lots 4, 5 & 7 in Block 40 Plat A Area 1, 20/160 acres — Also lot 2 and S 1/2 of Lot 3 in Block 49 Area 1, 20/160 Acres. Situate in Section 17, Township 5 S Range 1.E. do by these presents grant and convey unto the said William Clark his heirs and assigned forever the foregoing described Land with all the rights privileges and appurtenants Thereunto belonging of appertaining In Which Whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of Lehi City at my office in Lehi City Utah County Utah Territory this Twenty Seventh day of January A.D. 1871. William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 141

That honor goes to lawyer Morris Phelps with real estate valued at $3,000 and personal estate of $1,000 on the few pages examined 142

162

Lehi Free Press, Lehi free press.. (2016). Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84002074/, Lehi Yesteryears, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/patron/v2/ TH-300-39171-124-79/dist.jpg?ctx=ArtCtxPublic 143

Ella Armitta Clark Muhlestein - My History, Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/stories/5327372?returnLabel=Ella%20Armitta%20Clark%20(KWCVBR5)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCV-BR5%26section%3Dmemories 144

William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 145

Ella Armitta Clark Muhlestein - My History. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/5327372? returnLabel=Ella%20Armitta%20Clark%20(KWCVBR5)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26per son%3DKWCV-BR5%26section%3Dmemories 146

Home and Family. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/stories/9238488?returnLabel=Jennive%20Clark%20(KWC9R7P)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26per son%3DKWC9-R7P%26section%3Dmemories 147

The history of the building, under the name Harry B. Merrihew Drugstore, presented on a National Register of Historic Places—Nomination Form, (2016). Focus.nps.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://focus.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/82004170.pdf, says the building was constructed in 1899 on part of Lot 2 of Block 40 which extends north 6 rods (99’) from the Southwest corner of the lot. A plaque (Merrihew/Dalley Building - Lehi, Utah, USA - Utah Historical Markers on Waymarking.com . (2016). Waymarking.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMDTV2_Merrihew_Dalley_Building_Lehi_Utah_USA) on the side of the building also gives particulars. The Merrihew Building has housed a variety of businesses, as described by Exploring with Jacob Barlow: Historic Buildings, Barlow, J., Barlow, J., Barlow, J., Barlow, J., Barlow, J., & Barlow, J. et al. (2016). Lehi | JacobBarlow.com. Jacobbarlow.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://jacobbarlow.com/tag/lehi/ 148

149

Pioneering Lehi City: A 150-Year Pictorial History, 2001, p. 295.

(2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/LehiDrugStore-Dalleys.pdf 150

LEHI DRUG STORE STATE BANK OF LEHI JULIAN DRUG DALLEY’S,

William Clark Home, Photos: William Clark Home. (2016). Wildague.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.wildague.com/Genealogy/showmedia.php?mediaID=55&medialinkID=96 151

Buildings - Penney Jensen. (2016). Museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov/Broadbent-Collection/Buildings-1/i-pBgT6xW/A 152

Buildings - Penney Jensen. (2016). Museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov/Broadbent-Collection/Buildings-1/i-vWGtFbk 153

Buildings - Penney Jensen. (2016). Museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov/Broadbent-Collection/Buildings-1/i-PBrbSth 154

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Then and now: A Lehi landmark. (2008). DeseretNews.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.deseretnews.com/article/695261046/Then-and-now-A-Lehi-landmark.html?pg=all 155

Lehi Tabernacle, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2014/03/LehiTabernaclebyRichardVanWagoner.pdf 156

Block 40, line 82, pt 5. William Clark, a widower to Mary Jane Clark, $1.00. 11/21/08, 5/26/10. Beginning at the North West corner of Block 40 … thence East 2.35 chains; thence South 1.34 chains; thence West 2.35 chains, thence North 1.34 chains, to point of beginning. Area 3 1/100 acre. 157

Block 40, line 186, pt. 5. Mary Jane Peterson Clark, formerly Mary Jane Clark to Jane S. Lewis. $525.00. 2/15/21. Block 40, line 187, pt. 5. Jane S. Lewis to Alpine School District. 6/13/29. Beginning at the North West corner of Block 40 … thence East 2.35 chains; thence South 1.34 chains; thence West 2.35 chains, thence North 1.34 chains, to point of beginning. Area 3 1/100 acre. 158

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 304. 159

People and their place in the History of Lehi, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ PeopleandtheirplaceintheHistoryofLehiI-L2.pdf 160

Block 40, line 88, pt 4. William Clark, a widower to Sarah Elizabeth Ross and Emily Jane Sabey, of Wallsburg City, Wasatch County, $1.00. 11/12/08. Beginning 1.34 chains South from the North West corner of Block 40 … thence East 2.35 chains; thence South 1.34 chains; thence West 2.35 chains, thence north 1.34 chains to point of beginning. Area, 3 1/100 of an acre. 161

Block 40, line 105, pt 4. Sarah Elizabeth Ross and Emily Jane Sabey, of Wallsburg City, Wasatch County, to William W. Clark, $800.00. 10/17/14. Beginning 1.34 chains South from the North West corner of Block 40 … thence East 2.35 chains; thence South 1.34 chains; thence West 2.35 chains, thence north 1.34 chains to point of beginning. Area, 31/100 of an acre. 162

Block 40, line 194, pt 4. William W. Clark and his wife, Martha C. Clark to Alpine School District. 8/20/29. Beginning 1.34 chains South from the North West corner of Block 40 … thence East 2.35 chains; thence South 1.34 chains; thence West 2.35 chains, thence north 1.34 chains to point of beginning. Area, 31/100 of an acre. 163

Portrait, genealogical and biographical record of the State of Utah…. (2016). Google Books. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://books.google.com/books? id=_uQDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=Stephen+William+Ross+Lehi&source=bl&ots =R_bYTiYzll&sig=b_Q6fTmGeCIPjRO9yTgzxfSRRA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ux8TVayUI4vhggTJq4PgBA&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCA#v=onepage &q=Stephen%20William%20Ross%20Lehi&f=false, p. 204-205 164

165

p. 202.

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 223. 166

164

The History of John Beck, The History of John Beck. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/12401707? returnLabel=Johannes%20John%20Beck%20(KWVQGF5)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26per son%3DKWVQ-GF5%26section%3Dmemories 167

Block 40, line 6. William H. Winn to John Beck, MD 2/9/71. Lot Six (6) in Block forty (40) Plat A. Area 60/100 Acres. 168

169

Block 40, line 1. …Also lots 4, 5 & 7 in Block 40 Plat A Area 1, 20/160 acres.

Block 40, line 8, portions of Lot 7… commencing at the North East corner of said Lot, thence South 4 rods, 13 and 1/2 feet, West 7 rods 12 and 1/2 half feet, North 4 rods 23 and 1/2, East 7 rods, 12 and 1/2 feet to point of beginning. Area 35 and 1/2 square rods. 170

Block 40, line 10, Lot 6 … commencing at North West corner of said lot, thence East 3 rods 6 and 1/2 feet, South 6 rods, West 3 rods 6 and 1/2 feet, North 6 rods to point of beginning. Area 70 square rods and 70 square feet, together with all and singular the tenements, their attachments and appurtenances thereunto belonging or anywise appertaining, and the rents, uses, and profits thereof …. 171

William Wheeler Clark: Biography, in Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd, a collection of biographies compiled by LaVerle L. Anderson Dean, 1836 S. Main St., Orem, Utah 84058, 2002; edited by Merlin Frank Anderson, 830 East 299, North Alpine, Utah 84004, and Robert Lowell Brown, 80 N. Paradise Drive, Orem, Utah 84097. The collection also contains a Mary Francell Clark: Biography and a Polly Melissa Willes: Biography. 172

Polly Melissa Willes Clark: Biography, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 173

174

Block 67, line 7

See my own The Old Fort Wall, a Herd of Cows and a “Near and Dear Neighbor”, https:// drive.google.com/file/d/0B5wDxipAGQN2MldyR0FjT1hyQkE/view?usp=sharing 175

The Old Fort Wall, a Herd of Cows and a “Near and Dear Neighbor,” https:// drive.google.com/file/d/0B5wDxipAGQN2MldyR0FjT1hyQkE/view?usp=sharing 176

Polly Melissa Willes Clark: Biography, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 177

Biography of James Edgar Ross 1867-1941, Biography of James Edgar Ross 1867-1941 By Alinda Ross Robbins, daughter 1955. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/6471693? returnLabel=James%20Edgar%20Ross%20(KWCWWC7)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26pe rson%3DKWCW-WC7%26section%3Dmemories 178

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Block 40, line 70, pt. 5. Hyrum Timothy (and his wife “Rozilla" Timothy” to Lehi School District 12, $900.00. Executed 28 April, 1909; filed May 12, 1909. Beginning 2.35 chains East from the North West corner of Block 40 … thence East 1.17 chains, thence South 2.68 chains, thence West 1.17 chains, thence North 2.68 chains, to the place of beginning. The descriptions of the property on lines 70 and 75 are the same. Line 70 indicates it includes property on Lot 5 only but line 75 specifies Lots 4, 5, 6 and 7.This is the property within the lines that enclose the Position 3 adobe dwelling on the 1890 Sanborn map. Why would Hyrum Timothy pass it on to the School District by way of a warranty deed in April, to be followed by William [Wheeler] Clark passing it to the School District by quit claim deed in June of the same year? 179

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Block 40, line 83

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Block 40, line 149

See my own Pioneer Adobe Homes on the Memorial Building and Legacy Center Blocks in Lehi, Utah, https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5wDxipAGQN2MWRJVk1GNlVPVWM/view? usp=sharing 182

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Block 40, line 182

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Block 40, line 197

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 304. 185

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. p. 46. 186

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016. p. 304. 187

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 11. 188

A full treatment of the history of the block is found in my own Pioneer Adobe Homes on Blocks 40 and 49 in Lehi 189

William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 190

Hutchings Museum Broadbent Photo Collection, search. (2016). Hutchingsmuseum.smugmug.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://hutchingsmuseum.smugmug.com/ search/? searchWordsShort=grammar+school&searchType=InAlbum&AlbumID=11144102&x=-1121&y=-26 191

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Block 40, line 1. … Also lot 2 and S 1/2 of Lot 3 in Block 49 Area 1, 20/160 Acres. Situate in Section 17, Township 5 S Range 1.E. … 193

Block 67, line 4

See my own The Old Fort Wall, a Herd of Cows and a “Near and Dear Neighbor”, https:// drive.google.com/file/d/0B5wDxipAGQN2MldyR0FjT1hyQkE/view?usp=sharing 194

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Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 56.

Estray, Estray, in law, is any domestic animal found wandering at large or lost, particularly if the owner is unknown. Stray horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, and other animals were held until owners either paid the fines or the unclaimed animals could be sold for expenses. (2016). Wikipedia. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estray 196

197

Block 49, line 5

Block 49, line 15. S1/2 3. William Clark to Lehi City, $150.00, 8/25/96. Commencing 90.42 feet South of the North West corner of Lot 3, Block 49, Plat A, Lehi City Survey, thence East 180.84 feet, thence South 82.5 feet, thence West 180.84 feet, thence North 82.5 to beginning. Area 34(?) and 4/5 of 160 acres. 198

Block 49, line 16. pt 2, 3. William Clark, and Julia Angel Clark his wife, to Mary Jane Clark, for $1.00, 5/17/97. Begin 1.54 chains North of the South West corner of Block 49, Plat A, Lehi City Survey of building lots thence North 1.25 chains, thence East 2.73 chains, thence South 1.25 chains, thence West 2.73 chains to point of beginning. 199

Block 49, line 26. pt 2, 3. Mary Jane Clark to Lehi School District No. 12, for $600.00, 5/17/97. Beginning 1.54 chains North of the South West Corner of Block 49, Plat A, Lehi City Survey of Building Lots, thence North 1.25 chains, thence East 2.73 chains, thence South 1.25 chains, thence West 2.73 chains to point of beginning, Area 34/100 acres. 200

201

Lehi Free Press, 4 April, 1947. The Old Fort Wall

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Block 49, line 1

Block 49, line 17. part of Lot 3. William Clark and Julia Angel Clark his wife, to Stephen W. Ross of Uintah County, for $1.00, 5/17/97. Begin at the South West corner of Block 49, Plat A, Lehi City Survey of Building Lots thence North 1.54 chains, thence East 2.01 chains, thence South 1.54 chains, thence West 2.01 chains to point of beginning. The description specifies a portion of Lot 2, but it’s entered on the Block 49 abstract book (on lines 17 and 27) as Lot 3. 203

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Block 49, line 27

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Monument to Fort Wall holds treasures from 1908, Lehi Free Press, 23 May 1990

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Lehi Free Press, 4 April, 1947. The Old Fort Wall

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Hutchings Museum Broadbent Photo Collection, Buildings - Penney Jensen. (2016). Museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov/BroadbentCollection/Buildings-1/i-xwNxJZj depicts the monument with the Grammar and Primary Schools and Lehi Tabernacle. William Gurney, from Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, England to Lehi, Utah, William Gurney, from Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, England to Lehi, Utah. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/3890635?returnLabel=William%20Gurney%20(KWNKG6R)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWNK-G6R%26section%3Dmemories 208

History of the Lehi School District Lehi Yesteryears, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HistoryoftheLehiSchoolDistrictprint.pdf 209

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Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 80. 210

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 303. 211

The New Barnes Household, The New Barnes Household. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/2467084?returnLabel=Charles%20Barnes%20Jr. %20(KWJH-17L)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26p erson%3DKWJH-17L%26section%3Dmemories 212

The Barnes Family Prospers. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/stories/2474456?returnLabel=Charles%20Barnes%20Jr. %20(KWJH-17L)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26p erson%3DKWJH-17L%26section%3Dmemories 213

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 9. 214

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 223. 215

James Wiley Norton, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-303-44951-570-47/dist.pdf? ctx=ArtCtxPublic&session=USYSB38952514DCC6F54DD8F11B71381BDD7_idsesprod03.a.fsglobal.net 216

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 296-298. 217

People and their place in the History of Lehi, Q-T, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ PeopleandtheirplaceintheHistoryofLehiQ-T2.pdf 218

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Block 49, line 17. William Clark and Julia Angel Clark his wife, grantors, of Lehi City, to Stephen W. Ross of Uintah County, for $1.00, Warranty Deed, 17 May, 1897…. Begin at the South West corner of Block 49, Plat A, Lehi City Survey of Building Lots thence North 1.54 chains, thence East 2.01 chains, thence South 1.54 chains, thence West 2.01 chains to point of beginning. This property must be mistakenly listed as being part of Lot 3 on the Block 49 abstract book, lines 17 and 27. 220

Lehi Free Press, 4 April, 1947. The Old Fort Wall

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Block 49, line 27. Stephen W. Ross and Geneva E. Ross, his wife, grantors, of Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, to Lehi School District No. 12, for $300.00, Warranty Deed, 17 June, 1905…. Beginning at the South West corner of Block 49, Plat A, Lehi City Survey of Building Lots, thence North 1.54 chains, thence East 2.01 chains, thence South 1.54 chains, thence West 2.01 chains to point of beginning, area 30/100 of an acre. Hutchings Museum Broadbent Photo Collection, Buildings - Penney Jensen. (2016). Museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://museumphotos.lehi-ut.gov/BroadbentCollection/Buildings-1/i-dhdnJK3 222

168

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United States Census: Census Instructions, Jason Gauthier, P. (2016). Census Instructions - History - U.S. Census Bureau. Census.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://www.census.gov/history/www/ through_the_decades/census_instructions/, and IPUMS USA: Enumerator Instructions, IPUMS USA: Enumerator Instructions. (2016). Usa.ipums.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://usa.ipums.org/usa/ voliii/tEnumInstr.shtml don’t indicate what the abbreviation “WE” might stand for. The enumerator drew heavy lines on the form immediately above line 78, the line on which the name “Wall, George A” is written and below line 80, the line on which “Elizabeth Lamb” is written. That seems to have been meant to indicate that Sarah Elizabeth and the Walls were in two separate facilities on the same premises. William Wheeler Clark: Biography, in Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/ DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 224

See my own My "Aunt Melissa": Melissa Lott Smith Bernhisel Willes, andMelissa Lott Smith Bernhisel Willes and three Joseph Smiths, https://drive.google.com/file/d/ 225

0B5wDxipAGQN2NHV3TktSOWx5M00/view?usp=sharing Mary Francell Clark: Biography, in Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/ DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 226

7T5S,R1E,SLM, line 69, Section 7, line 69 William S. Evans to William W. Clark W.D. 2/28/84 4/5/97 38 197 SE1/4 of NE1/4 4.97 acres, 28, … twenty-two Dollars … Begin 9.5 chains W and 13.38 chains N 89 1/4 W of the SE Corner of the NE1/4 of Section Seven in T.5.S.R.1.E Salt Lake Meridian, thence N 89 1/4 W five chains, thence N 1 E 9.81 chains, thence S 89 1/8 E five chains, thence S 1 W nine 9.93 chains. Area 4.97 acres. Together with all and singular the tenements…. 227

7T5S,R1E,SLM, line 70, Section 7, line 70, W. S. Evans to W. W. Clark W.D. 4/4/92 4/5/97 38 199 NE, NW, SW, SE of NE1/4 - acres not specified 154, One dollar … Begin 11.63 chains East of the N.W. corner of the North East 1/4 of Section 7, T.5 South of Range 1 E, Salt Lake Meridian, then South 10 chains, then E 5.75 chains, then S 10.26 chains, then E 10 chains, then N 8.20 chains, then North West 16.54 chains, then West 4.33 chains to point of beginning area. 228

line 71, W. S. Evans to W. W. Clark W.D. 4/4/92 4/5/97 38 199 NW1/4 and SW1/4 of NE1/4 1 18/160 acres, 158, Also begin 6.3 chains East and 10 chains South of the North West corner of he North East quarter (1/4) of Section 7 T.5.South of Range 1 East Salt Lake Meridian, then East 1.7 chains, then South 10 chains, then west 0.14 chains, then north 10 chains to point of beginning Area 1 18/160 acres. Signed by W. S. Evans and Geneva Evans. line 73 D. H. Cox to William W. Clark W.D. 3/15/92 5/20/97 38 548 NW1/4 of NE1/4 10.18 acres, 54, $500.00. Begin seven (7) 10/100 chains East & ten (10) chains South °55’ West of the North West corner of the North East quarter of Section seven (7) Township five (5) South of Range one (1) East Salt Lake Meridian, thence South °55’ West ten (10) 10/100 chains, thence South 89 1/8° East ten (10) chains, thence North °55’ East ten (10) 26/100 chains, thence West ten (10) chains. Area ten (10) 18/100 acres.

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line 194, 7T5S,R1E,SLM, Section 7, William Clark to William W. Clark, 2434 W.D. 5/1/08 5/25/08 10 a SE1/4 of NE1/4 16.43 acres, Beginning 22.50 chains West and 8.75 chains North of the center of Section Eight (8) Tp. Five (5) South Range One East Salt Lake Meridian, thence North 8.68 chains, thence West 5.45 chains, thence North 1.82 chains, thence West along a line 15.82 chains more or less, to the East side of the Right of Way of the R.G.W.R.R., thence South by East along said Right of Way 13.77 chains, thence East 11.93 chains to point of Beginning. Area 16.43 acres. William Clark had purchased the property from James Harwood on 24 April, 1885 (7T5S,R1E,SLM, lines 30, 31) William Wheeler Clark: Biography, in Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/ DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 230

Utah Since Statehood, Utah Since Statehood, Volumes 1-4. (2016). Search.ancestry.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5138 231

Julia Ann Angell, Julia Ann Angell. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/stories/7015756?returnLabel=Julia%20Anna%20Angell%20(KWCKM95)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCK-M95%26section%3Dmemories 232

Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 233

Mary Francell Clark: Biography, in Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/ DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 234

Thomas Henry Clark Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://dkwilde.com/ Genealogy/Thomas_Clark/Thomas_Clark.pdf 235

236

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 11. Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 97. 237

Utah Refractories Corporation, Utah Refractories Corp.. (2016). Utah-refractories-corp.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://www.utah-refractories-corp.com/, at 2200 North, 1200 West 238

Obituary, Salt Lake Tribune, 28 May, 1934, p. 7, The Salt Lake Tribune from Salt Lake City, U. (2016). The Salt Lake Tribune from Salt Lake City, Utah · Page 7. Newspapers.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/10506205/ 239

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 298. 240

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 133. 241

170

Facebook, February 2 2017, https://www.facebook.com/lehicity/photos/a. 426304907409666.96489.193241040716055/1464298470276966/?type=3&theater 242

Sketch of Asa Jones Clark, Given at his Funeral, Sketch of Asa Jones Clark. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/15234747? returnLabel=Asa%20Jones%20Clark%20(KWCCCQF)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCC-CQF%26section%3Dmemories 243

244

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 13. 245

Descendants of Cornelius Peter Lott, 1972, p. 259.

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 97. 246

247

Lehi Banner, 23 August, 1894.

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 97. 248

Lehi North Branch Meetinghouse Exterior, Lehi North Branch | LDS ARCHITECTURE. (2016). Ldsarchitecture.wordpress.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://ldsarchitecture.wordpress.com/ category/meetinghouses/united-states/utah/utah-valley/lehi-north-branch/ 249

250

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Ross School, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2015/03/RossSchoolhouse.pdf 252

Block 77, line 16

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Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd, p. 25 Martha C Ward Clark obituary, Salt Lake Telegram, 1935-06-29 Deaths :: Salt Lake Telegram 18. (2016). Udn.lib.utah.edu. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm/compoundobject/ collection/tgm18/id/28176/show/28176/rec/1 255

Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd, p. 16 256

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personal communication

258

Descendants of Cornelius Peter Lott, 1798-1972, by Rhea Lott Vance, 1972, p. 225.

171

Charles Jr. After Rhoda, Charles Jr. After Rhoda. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/2474490?returnLabel=Charles%20Barnes%20Jr. %20(KWJH-17L)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26p erson%3DKWJH-17L%26section%3Dmemories 259

260

email from Jonah Ryan Barnes: 5 April 2016

Charles Jr. After Rhoda, Charles Jr. After Rhoda. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/2474490?returnLabel=Charles%20Barnes%20Jr. %20(KWJH-17L)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26p erson%3DKWJH-17L%26section%3Dmemories 261

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Block 40, line 105, pt 4. Sarah Elizabeth Ross and Emily Jane Sabey, of Wallsburg City, Wasatch County, to William W. Clark, $800.00. 10/17/14. Beginning 1.34 chains South from the North West corner of Block 40 … thence East 2.35 chains; thence South 1.34 chains; thence West 2.35 chains, thence north 1.34 chains to point of beginning. Area, 31/100 of an acre. 267

Block 40, line 194, pt 4. William W. Clark and his wife, Martha C. Clark to Alpine School District. 8/20/29. Beginning 1.34 chains South from the North West corner of Block 40 … thence East 2.35 chains; thence South 1.34 chains; thence West 2.35 chains, thence north 1.34 chains to point of beginning. Area, 31/100 of an acre. Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 304. 268

William Wheeler Clark: Biography, in Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/ DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 269

270

The Salt Lake Herald, June 6, 1898, page 6, The Salt Lake herald. (Salt Lake City [Utah) 1870-1909, June 06, 1898, Image 6. (1898). Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http:// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1898-06-06/ed-1/seq-6/ #date1=1836&index=3&rows=20&words=Clark+Lehi+William&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=Ut ah&date2=1922&proxtext=William+Clark+Lehi&y=14&x=16&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 The Salt Lake Tribune, May 28, 1934, 28 May 1934, Page 20 - The Salt Lake Tribune at Newspapers.com. (2016). Newspapers.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://www.newspapers.com/ image/10377534/?terms=William%2BWheeler%2BClark 271

William Wheeler Clark: Biography, in Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark: Their Descendants and Their Ancestors, Joseph Franklin Fagan and Mary Francell Clark : their descendants and their ancestors. (2016). Dcms.lds.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/ DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE71457&from=fhd 272

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Sketch of Asa Jones Clark, Given at his Funeral, Sketch of Asa Jones Clark. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/15234747? returnLabel=Asa%20Jones%20Clark%20(KWCCCQF)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCC-CQF%26section%3Dmemories History of William Evans & Martha Geneva Clark, Sketch of Asa Jones Clark. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/15234747? returnLabel=Asa%20Jones%20Clark%20(KWCCCQF)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCC-CQF%26section%3Dmemories 274

George Edward Anderson Collection, BYU Harold B. Lee Library Digital Collections, Brown, Newell - Residence, Lehi, [Brown, Newell - Residence, Lehi] :: George Edward Anderson Photographs. (2016). Cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http:// cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/14038, and Digital Public Library of America, [Brown, Newell - Residence, Lehi] · Digital Public Library of America. (2016). Dp.la. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://dp.la/item/c109d94fff9e8ef7fda263bae409c983, and Contentdm Collection, Brown, Newell—Residence P.1. (2016). Content.lib.utah.edu. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http:// content.lib.utah.edu:81/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/ USHS_Class&CISOPTR=16986&CISOBOX=1&REC=18 275

Arial view of the New Survey in Lehi, Utah, acquired by William Samuel Evans by homestead, 1882, Arial view of the New Survey in Lehi, Utah, acquired by William Samuel Evans by homestead, 1882. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/images/ 15583371? p=8960574&returnLabel=William%20Samuel%20Evans%20(KWCN-2YD)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ff amilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWCN-2YD%26section%3Dmemorie s 276

277

Autobiography of Sylvester Evans. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/stories/12342039?returnLabel=Sylvester%20Evans%20(KWCZDNL)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCZ-DNL%26section%3Dmemories Interiew of LaDrue Dorton, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/ wp-content/uploads/2012/05/LaDrueDorton.pdf 278

Written by Gertrude Anderson Wilkerson, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-303-43604-562-9/dist.jpg? ctx=ArtCtxPublic&session=USYS1F82F95DB2C68672F23FC96DB1E648C0_idses-prod03.a.fsglobal.net 279

Brief life sketch, Brief life sketch written by D. Elmo Hardy. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/4019909? returnLabel=Dilbert%20Elmo%20Hardy%20(KWC1-9YC)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org %2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWC1-9YC%26section%3Dmemories 280

Honolulu Star Bulletin, D. Elmo Hardy - Printed in Honolulu Star Bulletin / Oct 20, 2002 UH's 'Father of Evolutionary Biology' was honored by Smithsonian Institution by Helen Antonn. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/4019519? returnLabel=Dilbert%20Elmo%20Hardy%20(KWC1-9YC)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org %2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWC1-9YC%26section%3Dmemories 281

173

James Wiley Norton, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-303-38809-220-54/dist.jpg? ctx=ArtCtxPublic&session=USYS0D475A10ABD9CDCEAF76353F0683874D_idses-prod08.a.fsglobal.net 282

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Block 31, line 3

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Block 48, line 7

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Block 48, line 4

https://familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-904-62421-668-66/dist.jpg? ctx=ArtCtxPublic&session=USYS0142A0356CB6993B0572B91B19816B1A_idses-prod06.a.fsglobal.net 286

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Block 48, line 1

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death certificate, Utah Death Certificates, 1904-1964; pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-11810-70976-41 — FamilySearch.org. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/ark:/ 61903/3:1:S3HT-632S-VRT?mode=g&wc=QZLWP9F%3A928067901%2C928067902%2C928068601%3Fcc%3D1747615&cc=1747615 Instructions to Enumerators, (2016). Census.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https:// www.census.gov/history/pdf/1910instructions.pdf 289

Lehi Centennial History, (2016). Lehi-ut.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://www.lehi-ut.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/WilliamClarkCentennialHistory1.pdf 290

291

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 119.

Hamilton Gardner, 1913, History of Lehi, Including a Biographical Section, Full text of "History of Lehi, including a biographical section..". (2016). Archive.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https:// archive.org/stream/historyoflehiinc00gardrich/historyoflehiinc00gardrich_djvu.txt . 292

293

Salt Lake Tribune, May 11, 1910, p. 11, The Salt Lake tribune. (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, May 11, 1910, Image 11. (1910). Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http:// chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045396/1910-05-11/ed-1/seq-11/ #date1=1836&index=2&rows=20&words=CLARK+LEHI+WILLIAM&searchType=basic&sequence=0&stat e=Utah&date2=1922&proxtext=William+Clark+Lehi&y=14&x=16&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 Sarah Page Turner, Sarah Page Turner. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/1289452?returnLabel=Sarah%20Page%20(KWJWMPW)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWJW-MPW%26section%3Dmemories 294

Alfred Turner 1840 - 1927, Alfred Turner 1840 - 1927. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/561423? returnLabel=Alfred%20Turner%20(KWJ7-1S1)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2 F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWJ7-1S1%26section%3Dmemories 295

Autobiography of Gladys Southwick Trane, June, 1964, Scan 22.jpeg. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/images/4591708? p=8569407&returnLabel=Gladys%20Southwick%20(KWCF-73D)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysea rch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWCF-73D%26section%3Dmemories 296

174

(2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/patron/v2/ TH-301-48116-291-2/dist.jpg? ctx=ArtCtxPublic&session=USYS58C11AA0CC903E17E47D3933D1C0693B_idses-prod02.a.fsglobal.net 297

298

Rosilla Clark Timothy, https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVSN-91BW

7T5S,R1E,SLM, line 105, W. S. Evans to Thomas H. Clark W.D. 6/9/97 SE1/4 of NE1/4 0.02 acres, 154, Begin 15.19 chains North and 3.22 chains W 89 1/8° W of the S.E. Corner of the N.E. 1/4 of Section Seven in T.5.S of R.1.E S.L.M., then North 89 1/8° West 0.57 chains, then South 41 5/8° East 0.82 chains, then N 1° E 60/100 chains. Area 0.02 acres. line 106, W. S. Evans to Thomas H. Clark W.D. 6/9/97 SE1/4 of NE1/4 4.59 acres, also begin 9.50 chains North and 3.38 chains W 89 1/4° W of the S.E. corner aforesaid, then North 89 1/4° W 5 chains then, North 1° E 9.93 chains, then S 89 1/2° E 2.37 chains, then S 41 5/5° E 3.88 chains S 1° West 7.06 chains. Area 4.59 acres. Signed by W. S. Evans and Geneva Evans 299

300

7T5S,R1E,SLM, line 193, Section 7, line 193 William Clark to Thomas H. Clark W.D. 5/1/08 SE1/4 of NE1/4. Begin 9.47 chains North of the South West corner of the North West quarter of Section (8) T. 5.S.R.1.E.SLM, thence East 3.13 chains to the west side of the R.G.W.R.R. Right of Way, thence North by West along said Right of Way 9.69 chains, thence South 7.20 chains, thence East 3.46 chains, to section line and point of Beginning. Area 2.36 acres. Thomas Henry Clark Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://dkwilde.com/ Genealogy/Thomas_Clark/Thomas_Clark.pdf 301

https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/19117647?returnLabel=Cathrine%20Virl%20Clark%20(KWCHHVL)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCH-HVL%26section%3Dmemories 302

303

Margaret LaLita Clark Russon's Life Story, https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/32311852? p=11624868&returnLabel=Margaret%20LaLita%20Clark%20(KWCF-3FK)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2F www.familysearch.org%2Ftree%2Fperson%2Fmemories%2FKWCF-3FK Ella Armitta Clark Muhlestein - My History, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/5327372?returnLabel=Ella%20Armitta%20Clark%20(KWCVBR5)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCV-BR5%26section%3Dmemories 304

305

Historic Peterson and Clark Homes, 38 pp., compiled by Fran Hafen, et al. (p. 11), made available to me by Fran Hafen of American Fork, Utah 306

Google maps, Johannes Peterson home

Home and Family, https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/9238488? returnLabel=Jennive%20Clark%20(KWC9R7P)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWC9-R7P%26section%3Dmemories 307

Biographical Sketch of John Peterson, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-301-44207-601-6/dist.pdf? ctx=ArtCtxPublic&session=USYS9261321815F68496A6956366218E3C8E_idses-prod03.a.fsglobal.net 308

There’s more on James Clark and his descendants in Historic Peterson and Clark Homes, 38 pp., compiled by Fran Hafen, et al., and in From Seed to Harvest: A History of James Leonard and Kathleen Cavanagh Clark, made available to me by Fran Hafen of American Fork, Utah, 309

175

Ella Armitta Clark Muhlestein - My History, ELLA ARMITTA CLARK MUHLESTEIN - MY HISTORY . (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/ stories/5327372?returnLabel=Ella%20Armitta%20Clark%20(KWCVBR5)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftree%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3D KWCV-BR5%26section%3Dmemories 310

William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 311

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 304. 312

313

p. 202.

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 304. 314

315

Pioneering Lehi City: A 150-Year Pictorial History, 2001, p. 267.

316

Pioneering Lehi City: A 150-Year Pictorial History, 2001, p. 225.

317

Pioneering Lehi City: A 150-Year Pictorial History, 2001, p. 193.

Lehi Historical Society and Archives, Lehi Historical Society and Archives Public Group | Facebook. (2016). Facebook.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/ 418704064984765/485873184934519/?notif_t=group_activity 318

William Clark (1825-1910) and his family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http:// dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf, in the sketches at Our Family History: Genealogy of the Wilde and Montague Families, Our Family History. (2016). Wildague.com. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://www.wildague.com/Genealogy/index.php 319

Charles Hyrum Goates, (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https:// familysearch.org/photos/stories/10392730? returnLabel=Juliet%20Evans%20%20(KWZQ-424)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftre e%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWZQ-424%26section%3Dmemories 320

Circumstances surrounding these tragedies featured in a conference talk by D. Todd Christofferson titled The Priesthood Quorum, Charles Hyrum Goates. (2016). Familysearch.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from https://familysearch.org/photos/stories/10392730? returnLabel=Juliet%20Evans%20%20(KWZQ-424)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Ftre e%2F%23view%3Dancestor%26person%3DKWZQ-424%26section%3Dmemories 321

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 321. 322

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 170. 323

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 215. 324

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 21-22. 325

176

326

citing the Lehi Sun, 1 Aug. 1929, 1 May, 25 May, 9 Oct. 1930

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 269-270. 327

Lehi Sugar Factory, The Lehi Beet Sugar Factory. (2016). Historytogo.utah.gov. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/statehood_and_the_progressive_era/ thelehibeetsugarfactory.html 328

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 303. 329

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 304. 330

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 119. 331

332

At 35 East, 100 North, according to her sister, Christy Lucille Whitman (1916-2011), https:// familysearch.org/patron/v2/TH-904-62421-668-66/dist.jpg? ctx=ArtCtxPublic&session=USYS0142A0356CB6993B0572B91B19816B1A_idses-prod06.a.fsglobal.net Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 111, 333

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 185. 334

In, William Clark (1825-1910) and His Family, (2016). Dkwilde.com. Retrieved 9 May 2016, from http://dkwilde.com/Genealogy/Clark/William_Clark.pdf 335

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi? page=gr&GSln=CL&GSpartial=1&GSbyrel=all&GSst=47&GScntry=4&GSsr=2601&GRid=92922 & 336

http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/11945357/person/13642131856/mediax/1? pgnum=1&pg=0&pgpl=pid%7CpgNum 337

Lehi: Portraits of a Utah Town, https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet? dps_pid=IE1023732&from=fhd, accessed 17 November 2016, p. 74. 338

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