1.1 PROJECT SUMMARY With tremendous increase in technology, information technology is a fast developing field. Technology which is in vogue today might become redundant tomorrow. This ever changing scenario makes it possible to provide the latest and most modern IT solutions to various business and institutions. We are doing my project on Online Shopping. There is the need for efficient management of a database system for handling customer, admin records This project is an endeavor to provide a solution to this. The proposed system enables an administrator to keep track of customer and maintaining records of the customers. The admin can view the customer who have registered themselves. The admin also maintains the records of the stock, admin can add, delete items from the shop. All the data are stored in the database. Thus the project is a sincere effort in simplifying the task of administrators in an easily usable format and user friendly for the customers. We finalized to make this project and hence planned to develop this system using HTML, CSS for front end and PHP, MYSQL as the Back End.
1.1 PURPOSE
Online Shopping is the simple shopping Solution. It's a full-featured website and shopping cart system that bends over backwards to give you the flexibility you need to run your online store. The basic concept of the application is to
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allow the customer to shop virtually and allow customers to buy the items and articles of their desire from the store.
Proposed System: The development of this new system contains the following activities, which try to develop online application by keeping the entire process in the view of database integration approach.
Secure registration and profile management facilities for Customers.
Registered customer after login can browse and purchase product, can also update their profile and can also see their previous purchase if any.
The shopping cart of the customer contains all the products that customer has added to the cart.
Finally the customer will checkout with all the product available in the cart.
Administrator of Shopping Cart System has multiple features such as Add, Delete shopping Items. The administrator can view the customer profile those who are registered
ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM :
Improved computerization involved in the maintenance of Customer and Products details. Thus no Error and inconsistencies.
Validation of data will be ensure. Only accurate, valid and complete will be data stored in the database.
Easy retrieval or data will be made possible by finding techniques.
Bill generation will be easy and automatic with no error.
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1.2 SCOPE
The software system being produced is called “ONLINE SHOPPING”. It is being produced for the customer interested in purchasing products from the shop from anywhere.
The system allows customer to have a look of all the products available in the shop.
Customer can buy items of their choice and the selected items are directly put into their shopping cart.
The main objective of the software is to increase the sales of the shop and to have maximum satisfaction of the customer.
1.3 OBEJECTIVE
The objectives of the proposed system are to overcome the major limitation of existing system which is managing everything manually, by enabling the effective management of the customer details thereby improving the performance of SHOP ADMINISTRTION.
The system will store all the basic data processing needs of the shop management.
1.4 TECHNOLOGY AND LITERATURE REVIEW Front end: HTML, CSS, JavaScript 1. HTML: HTML is used to create and save web document. E.g. Notepad/Notepad++ 2. CSS : (Cascading Style Sheets) Create attractive Layout 3. JavaScript: it is a programming language, commonly use with web browsers. ONLINE SHOPPING
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Back end: PHP, MySQL 1. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is a technology that allows software developers to create dynamically generated web pages, in HTML, XML, or other document types, as per client request. PHP is open source software. 2. MySQL: MYSQL is a database, widely used for accessing querying, updating, and managing data in databases.
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2.0
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2.1 PROJECT PLANNING The Project Plan (sometimes called project initiation document or project scoping report) is produced by the Project Manager following a brief Scoping Project Study. It should establish:
What the project is to achieve
A detailed time schedule for carrying out the project
Details of the resources required - people, money, sections
Who is to be involved in the project.
2.1.1 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT APPROACH AND JUSTIFICATION The most important parts of software development, requirement gathering or requirement analysis are usually done by the most skilled and experienced software engineers in the organization. After the requirements are gathered from the client, a scope document is created in which the scope of the project is determined and documented.
The prototyping model Prototyping Model is based on the idea of developing an initial implementation, exposing this to user comment and defining this through many until an adequate system has been developed.
Benefits of prototyping model The prototyping paradigm begins with requirements gathering. Developers and customers meet and define the overall objective for the software, identify the requirements and outline the areas where further definitions are necessary. The prototype design, is often, quite different from that of the final system. The benefits of developing a prototype early in the software process are:
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Misunderstanding between software developers and users may be identified, as the functions are demonstrated.
Missing user services may be detected.
Difficult to use or confusing user services may be indentified and refined.
Software development staff may find incompleteness and inconsistency in requirement as the prototype is developed. A working albeit limited systems is available quickly to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the application to the management. The prototype serves as a basis for writing the specification for a production quality system. Though the principle purpose of prototyping is to validate software6 requirements, software prototype also has other uses. A prototype system can be used for training users before the formal system has been delivered. Prototype can be run back-to-back tests. This reduces the need for tedious manual checking of test run. The same test is given to both the prototype and the system under test to look for differences in the final results and thereby making necessary changes. Thus prototype serves as a technique of risk reduction.
Selecting the prototype approach
The prototype paradigm can be either close ended (throwaway prototyping) or open ended(evolutionary prototyping). Before selecting closed or open-ended approach, it is necessary to determine whether the system to be built is suitable for prototyping or not. This is decided depending on application area, complexity, and customer characteristics and projects characteristics. Prototyping or evolutionary prototyping. The throwaway is developed to understand the system requirements while the evolutionary prototype evolves through a number of versions to the final system.
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2.1.2 PROJECT EFFORT AND TIME, COST ESTIMATION
We had used cocomo model for cost estimation. Estimation Technique used: The project size is a measure of the problem complexity in terms of the effort and time required to develop the product. Currently, two metrics are popularly being used to estimate size: Line of code (LOC) and function point (FP).
• • • • •
• • • • • • • •
Any S/W development can be classified into three categories: Based on the complexity Organic, semidetached and embedded Consider the characteristics of the product, development team and environment. Three product classes corresponds to application(Data processing programs), utility(Compilers, linkers) and system(OS and RT systems) programs(Interact directly with H/W, time constraints and concurrent processing). According to Boehm ,Cost estimation should be done through three stages: Basic, intermediate and complete COCOMO BASIC COCOMO MODEEL Gives approximate estimates of the project parameters. The model is given by the following Expressions: Effort=a1x(KLOC)a2 PM Tdev= b1x(Effort)b2 months Tdev- estimated time to develop S/W in months Effort is the total effort in person months
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Parameters
Count
No. of user Input 25
X
No.
X
of
user
Output No. of Files
11 1
external
0
Interface
X X
Simple
Average
Complex
Total
3
4
6
=
75
4
5
7
=
44
7
10
15
=
7
5
7
10
=
0
FP Count FP = count total*[0.65+0.01 *(Fi)] FP = 31* [0.65+0.01*125] FP = 58.9 Function Point is:58.9 Line of code (LOC) = FP*30 = 58.9*30 = 1767 KLOC = 1.767 Software Project Type Type
Roles and responsibilities of an individual played a vital role for the completion of the project Role of Dhruten patel : Backend(database) and documentation. Role of Jay patel : Frontend and documentation. Responsibilities: we are responsible for solving the errors of project.
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2.2 PROJECT SCHEDULING (GANTT CHART) Gantt chart
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Task sheet
Resource sheet
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3.0 SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS STUDY
3.1 USER CHARACTERSTICS User may be IT or non IT person. User should have basic knowledge of computer. User should know how to operate various device like mouse, keyboard.
Types of user: 1. Registered customer: The registered customer can, after logged-in to the system can view, buy products and can also update the profile.
2. New customer: The customer can see the products available and have to first register in order to buy products.
3. Administrator: The administrator of the system can add stock, delete stock, view products, view customer and maintain the online shop.
3.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Software Requirements
Operating System
:
Windows XP/7 or Linux
Programming tools
:
Xampp server, notepad
Documentation tools
:
MS Word 2013, MS Visio 2007
Database
:
Mysql
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Hardware Requirements
`Processor
:
Pentium IV
Hard Disk
:
30GB
RAM
:
512MB or more
3.3 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES 1. We have assumed that the computer system is in proper working condition. Also we assume that the computers have Xampp server installed in it. 2. The administrator can-not be the customer.
4.0 SYSTEM ANALYSIS ONLINE SHOPPING
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS System analysis is the process of examining a business situation for the purpose of developing a system solution to a problem or devising improvements to such a situation. Before the development of any system can begin, a project proposal is prepared by the users of the potential system and/or by systems analysts and submitted to an appropriate managerial structure within the organization.
Assuming that a new system is to be developed, the next phase is a system analysis. Analysis involved a detailed study of the current system, leading to specifications of a new system. Analysis is a detailed study of various operations performed by a system and their relationship with in and outside the system. During analysis, data are collected on the available files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system. Interviews, on-site observation and questionnaire are the tools used for system analysis. Using the following step it becomes easy to draw the exact boundary of the new system under consideration :
Keeping in view the problems and new requirements workout the pros and cons including new areas of the system.
All procedures, requirement must be analysed and documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams, data dictionary, logical data structures and miniature specifications. System analysis also includes sub-dividing of complex process involving the entire system, identifiers of data stores and manual processes. The main points to be discussed in system analysis are : Specification of what the new system is to accomplish based on the user requirements.
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Functional hierarchy showing the function to be performed by the new system and their relationship with each other. Function network which are similar to function hierarchy but they highlight the those functions which are common to more than one procedure.
4.1
STUDY OF CURRRENT SYSTEM
The shop is located at one place and the customer have to visit the shop for purchasing items. The customer can have a real look of item and if interested can purchase the items and then the customer has to pay bill. The customer can go through variety of products and can also touch it, also can try it for the satisfaction.
4.2 PROBLEM AND WEAKNESS OF CURRENT SYSTEM
All the processes of this management are done manually in the form of paper work and the records are stored in the registers. In such cases there are frequent chances of data redundancy and data is ease to lose.
All the introductions related to the customer and others are printed on the papers, this activity generates the chances of data lost.
All the bills structures are done by hand written, sometimes it produces mistakes in calculation.
This system is very time consuming and require lots of manpower
Before online shopping concept, the customer has to go to the particular shop and have to do shopping which is a time consuming process. Also it is not guaranteed whether the stuff of his /her choice would be available.
The shop is not open for twenty four hours what if we want to purchase a watch at night. The shop may remain close for somedays also the shop would be far away from the residence.
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4.3
REQUIREMENTS OF NEW SYSTEM 4.3.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Products: Description: The customer enters the choice from the available product in the shop. Complete details of the products is also available like product name, product brand, product price which can be seen by the customer
Purchase:
Description: The customer can purchase any of the product displayed in the list. Variety of brands and choices are available for the customer. The customer can purchase more than one product at a time. The details of the purchase done by the customer is stored in the database of the system.
Shopping cart:
Description: The products purchase by the customer are directly added to their shopping cart. The shopping cart of the customer contains the products they are going to purchase. The customer can also update their cart if they wish to do so.
New entry of stock:
Description: The admin have a special access to the system. The admin can add new products of the existing product. The new product entry is done and is stored in the database and database is updated. The customer does not have access to this feature. For every product there is unique id which is assigned automatically.
Billing System
Description: The sum of all the products available in the shopping cart of the customer is generated. The bill of the purchase of the customer is generated. The customer after paying the amount, their purchase record is stored on the database which customer can view at any time.
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4.3.2
NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Performance Requirements
System should produce essential output. It should be easy to understand for user.
It should not raise error while running, System should perform all requirement, user can easily implement it and maintain.
It should take less time between Request and response.
The online shop is open for 24 X 7.
Safety Requirements
All standards and precautions are followed regarding Safety of user. Only The users who have sign up can have an access to the system.
Security Requirements The software has a login feature so that user can access the system if and only if the user has registered, this makes the system secure.
4.4 FEASIBILITY STUDY 4.4.1 Does the system contribute to the overall objectives of the organization?
We have understood customer requirement and analyzed that system is feasible and can be implemented for end user.
4.4.2 Can the system be implemented using the current technology and within the given cost and schedule constraints? ONLINE SHOPPING
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Yes, this system can be implemented using object oriented concept within given cost and scheduled constraints.
4.4.3 Can the system be integrated with other system which are already in place?
4.5
If the system has implemented with same technology then our system can integrated with other system.
ACYIVITY/PROCESS IN NEW SYSTEM(EVENT TABLE)
The event table is a table of data that is typically written to the log file for each scenario and also appears in the Analysis window. The event table contains timing information about specific events that occur during the scenario.
Event
Source
Activity
Response
Destination
Ask for Item
Customer
Create new Bill
Customer registered
Sells Person
Check availability of Stock
Stock Inquiry
Customer
Look up Stock availability
Stock details
Customer
Customer select Item
Enquiry about Item
Customer
selecting
Item selected
Customer
Produce Bill report
Quantity inquiry
Cart
Checking the Stock
Bill report
Customer
Customer Checks data
Ask for Bill
System
checking
Data checked
Accountant
Summary of Bill report
End of day
Produce Bill summary report
Bill summary report
Admin (Owner)
Customer Registration
Trigger
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4.6
FEATURES OF NEW SYSTEM 1. Convenience. The convenience is the biggest perk. Where else can you
comfortably shop at midnight? There are no lines to wait in or shop assistants to wait on to help you with your purchases, and you can do your shopping in minutes. Online shops give us the opportunity to shop 24/7.
2. More variety: The choices online are amazing. One can get several
brands and products from different sellers all in one place.
3. No crowds: There is no crowd while shopping online. Specially during
festivals in shopping malls there is so much crowd around but not in online shopping.
4.7
CLASS DIAGRAM
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User -email:String -password:String +verify_login() +register()
5.2.1 TABLE AND RELATIONSHIP In relational databases and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) using a model of vertical columns (identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and column intersect. A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of rows.
1. CUSTOMER TABLE.
2. PRODUCT TABLE.
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5.2.2 LOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF DATA The purpose of logical database description is to define the basic structure of application at conceptual level. The logical database description focuses on high-level data storage areas, known as entities, the actors that interact with this entities, the relationship between the entities. Description A customer is a person or entity Relationships Customer may place zero or more orders. Administrator can add or delete products. ROLE Login View Add Delete
The application is multiuser so that multiple user can use the application. The application is GUI based application.
The customer can shop online from any place and multiple user can shop from the store at a same time. The system is developed user friendly.
The system has been implemented and tested successfully. It meets the information requirements specified to the great extent although the system has been designed keeping the present and future requirements in mind and made very flexible.
6.2 PROGRAM/MODULES SPECIFICATION In this project we have list of modules they are following: Selection: In this user can select various types of products like customer, admin, product…
Customer module: In this customer can register in the system. After login customer can view, purchase items from the store. Customer can also delete account from the system if not satisfied.
6.3 Security:
The Project makes use of security in the form of User ID’s and Passwords.
In order to use this system, the customer has to enter his/her password. The password entered by the customer is compared with the one in the database which is created at the time of registration and if it matches then the application precedes it to open.
In order to use this system, the administrator has to enter his password. The password entered by the administrator is compared with the one in the database and if it matches then the application precedes it to open.
At no point in time the administrator can recover his password if he forgets it. However it is recommended that the administrator change his /her password in the database.
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For security purposes it is recommended that the administrator change his password every 2 weeks.
Besides this on the backend system makes use of MYSQL, which is very secure DBMS. At all point in the DBMS checks the username and password before making a connection.’ If the username and passwords match then the connection is allowed else it is not allowed.
6.4 PHP Coding Standards Overview This document outlines technical and style guidelines which are followed in Online shopping project. Spaces, Linebreaks and Indentation
Use two spaces for indentation. Don't use tab literal characters.
Use linebreaks ("\n"),
Put a space after control keywords like if and for.
Put a space after commas in argument lists.
Put a space around operators like =, <, etc.
Don't put spaces after function names.
Parentheses should hug their contents.
Case and Capitalization
Name variables and functions using lowercase_with_underscores.
Name methods and properties using lowerCamelCase.
Use uppercase for common acronyms like ID and HTML.
Name constants using UPPERCASE.
Write true, false and null in lowercase.
Comments
Prefer "//" comments inside function and method bodies.
PHP Language Style
Use "" tag.
Prefer casts like (string) to casting functions like strval().
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Prefer type checks like $v === null to type functions like is_null().
Avoid all crazy alternate forms of language constructs like "endwhile" and "<>".
Always put braces around conditional and loop blocks.
PHP Language Features
Use PHP as a programming language, not a templating language.
Avoid globals.
Avoid extract().
Avoid eval().
Avoid variable variables.
Prefer classes over functions.
Prefer class constants over defines.
Avoid naked class properties; instead, define accessors.
Use exceptions for error conditions.
Use type hints, use assert_instances_of() for arrays holding objects.
Examples if/else: if ($some_variable > 3) { // ... } else if ($some_variable === null) { // ... } else { // ... } You should always put braces around the body of an if clause, even if it is only one line long. Note spaces around operators and after control statements. Do not use the "endif" construct, and write "else if" as two words. for: for ($ii = 0; $ii < 10; $ii++) { // ... } ONLINE SHOPPING
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Prefer $ii, $jj, $kk, etc., as iterators, since they're easier to pick out visually and react better to "Find Next..." in editors. foreach: foreach ($_POST['remove'] as $remove_id) { // ... } array literals: $junk = array( 'nuts', 'bolts', 'refuse', ); Use a trailing comma and put the closing parenthesis on a separate line so that diffs which add elements to the array affect only one line. operators: $a + $b; $omg.$lol;
// Put spaces around operators. // Exception: no spaces around string concatenation.
$arr[] = $element;
// Couple [] with the array when appending.
7.0 TESTING
Testing is the process carried out on software to detect the differences between its behavior and the desired behavior as stipulated by the requirements specifications. Testing is advantageous in several ways. Firstly, the defects found help in the process of making the software reliable. ONLINE SHOPPING
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Secondly, even if the defects found are not corrected, testing gives an idea as to how reliable the software is. Thirdly, over time, the record of defects found reveals the most common kinds of defects, which can be used for developing appropriate preventive measures such as training, proper design and reviewing.
7.1 TESTING PLAN The testing sub-process includes the following activities in a phase dependent manner: Create Test Plans. Create Test Specifications. Review Test Plans and Test Specifications. Conduct tests according to the Test Specifications, and log the defects. Fix defects, if any. When defects are fixed continue from activity.
7.2 TESTING STRATEGY Tests are frequently grouped by where they are added in the software development process, or by the level of specificity of the test. Unit testing
Unit testing, also known as component testing refers to tests that verify the functionality of a specific section of code, usually at the function level. In an objectoriented environment, this is usually at the class level, and the minimal unit tests include the constructors and destructors. These types of tests are usually written by developers as they work on code (whitebox style), to ensure that the specific function is working as expected. One function might have multiple tests, to catch corner cases or other branches in the code. Unit testing alone cannot verify the functionality of a piece of software, but rather is used to assure that the building blocks the software uses work independently of each other. ONLINE SHOPPING
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Integration testing Integration testing is any type of software testing that seeks to verify the interfaces between components against a software design. Software components may be integrated in an iterative way or all together ("big bang"). Normally the former is considered a better practice since it allows interface issues to be localized more quickly and fixed. System testing System testing tests a completely integrated system to verify that it meets its requirements. Regression testing Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, or old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly stops working as intended. Typically, regressions occur as an unintended consequence of program changes, when the newly developed part of the software collides with the previously existing code. Common methods of regression testing include re-running previously run tests and checking whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged. The depth of testing depends on the phase in the release process and the risk of the added features. They can either be complete, for changes added late in the release or deemed to be risky, to very shallow, consisting of positive tests on each feature, if the changes are early in the release or deemed to be of low risk. Acceptance testing Acceptance testing can mean one of two things: A smoke test is used as an acceptance test prior to introducing a new build to the main testing process, i.e. before integration or regression.
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Acceptance testing performed by the customer, often in their lab environment on their own hardware, is known as user acceptance testing (UAT). Acceptance testing may be performed as part of the hand-off process between any two phases of development.
7.3 TESTING METHODS BLACK-BOX AND WHITE-BOX TESTING In black-box testing a software item is viewed as a black box, without knowledge of its internal structure or behavior. Possible input conditions, based on the specifications (and possible sequences of input conditions), are presented as test cases. In white-box testing knowledge of internal structure and logic is exploited. Test cases are presented such that possible paths of control flow through the software item are traced. Hence more defects than black-box testing are likely to be found. *The disadvantages are that exhaustive path testing is infeasible and the logic might not conform to specification. Instrumentation techniques can be used to determine the structural system coverage in white box testing. For this purpose tools or compilers that can insert test probes into the programs can be used. CODE COVERAGE The way to make sure that you have got all the control flow covered is to cover all the paths in the program during the testing (via white-box testing). This implies that both branches are exercised for an ‘if’ statement, all branches are exercised for a case statement, the loop is taken once or multiple times as well as ignored for a while statement, and all components of complicated logical expressions are exercised. This is called Path Testing. Branch Testing reports whether entire Boolean expression tested in control structures evaluated to both true and false.
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Additionally it includes coverage of switch statement cases, exception handlers and interrupts handlers. Path testing includes branch testing as it considers all possible combination of individual branch conditions. A simpler version is Statement Testing which determines if each statement in the program has been executed at least once. The coverage via Path Testing includes the coverage via Statement Testing. Since Path Testing is extremely comprehensive it is costly, hence a viable minimum should be measuring Statement Testing coverage.
7.4 TEST SUITES In software development, a test suite, less commonly known as a validation suite, is a collection of test cases that are intended to be used to test a software program to show that it has some specified set of behaviors. A test suite often contains detailed instructions or goals for each collection of test cases and information on the system configuration to be used during testing. A group of test cases may also contain prerequisite states or steps, and descriptions of the tests.
Test Cases: Customer/ Module Test Suite and Test Case Design Test Suites No: 1 Test Suite Detail: Successful customer registration. Test
Shopping Cart/ Module Test Suite and Test Case Design Test Suites No: 1 Test Suite Detail: Shopping Cart Function for generating bill with correct and incorrect Information. ONLINE SHOPPING
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Test Case Function ID
Name
1
Test Case (condition)
Expected Results
Actual Result
Pass/Fail
Inquiry No:1 Product Name: Watch. Shopping
Product Cost:
Cart
1000.00 Rs.
Total:1800Rs.
Pass
Product Name: Total:1800Rs.
Soft-Toys Product Cost: 800.00Rs 2
Inquiry No:1 Product Name: Watch. Shopping
Product Cost:
cart
1000.00 Rs.
Total cost is 1800.00Rs.
Total cost is 1000.00Rs.
Product Name: Soft-Toys Product Cost: 800.00Rs
Shopping Cart/ Module Test Suite and Test Case Design Test Suite Detail: Shopping Cart Details Function with incorrect Information.
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Fail
Test Case Function ID
/Name
1
Test Case (condition)
Expected Results
Actual Result
Pass/Fail
Inquiry No:1 Product Name: Watch. Products in Shopping Product Cost: 1000.00 Rs. shopping cart are: Cart Watch and toys. Product
Products in shopping cart are:
Pass
Watch and toys.
Name: Soft-Toys Product Cost: 800.00Rs 2
Inquiry No:2 Product Name: Products in
Watch. Product Cost: Shopping 1000.00 Rs. Cart
Product
Product in shopping cart are: Watch and toys.
Name: Soft-Toys Product Cost: 800.00Rs
Admin/ Module Test Suite and Test Case Design Test Suites No:1
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shopping cart are: Watch
Fail
Test Suite Detail: Add product function with correct Information fill and Save Button Click.
8 LIMITATION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT ONLINE SHOPPING
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Fail
8.1 LIMITATIONS:1. The major limitation of the project is related to quantity of the product at purchase time. At a time customer can purchase the product in a quantity of one only.
8.2FUTURE ENHANCEMENT: 1. Real time payment system will be added to the project and will provide more features for security. 2. Feedback system will be added so that customer can give their opinion. 3. Order tracking.
9 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 9.1 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS ONLINE SHOPPING
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Problem Encountered:
1.
Which software prototype should be choose? The Software Prototyping refers to building software application prototypes which display the functionality of the product under development but may not actually hold the exact logic of the original software. It is very important to choose correct prototype for better development and understanding. Possible Solution: We have choose Prototyping Model because Prototyping Model is based on the idea of developing an initial implementation, exposing this to user comment and defining this through many until an adequate system has been developed.
2. Database problem. Database is very important part of the project because all the data is to be stored on the database, connection with consumed lot of time because even a small mistake can cause error. Possible solution: We have watched many online tutorials and had referred many books to solve the database connection problem.
3. Equal distribution of task. Team work is very necessary for developing any project. Task is to be divided equally for better outcome of project Possible solution: We have equally divided the modules, and also the documentation part so that the task get distributed equally.
9.2 SUMMARY OF PROJECT WORK
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The central concept of the application is to allow the customer to shop virtually using the Internet and allow customers to buy the items and articles of their desire from the store. The information pertaining to the products are stores on an RDBMS at the server side (store).The Server process the customers and the items are shipped to the address submitted by them. The application was designed into two main modules first for the customers who wish to buy the articles. Second is for the admin who maintains and deals the information pertaining to the articles and those of the customers. The end user of this product is a store where the application is hosted on the web and the administrator maintains the database. The application which is deployed at the customer database, the details of the items are brought forward from the database for the customer view based on the selection through the menu and the database of all the products are updated at the end of each transaction.
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âΣ. The choice of different adder topologies directly affects area, power and glitch content (in carry out bit) and hence the performance. In this project, we analyze two adder topologies Carry Skip Adder (CSA) and Carry Lookahead Adder (CLA) for
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