501 tNm-tZym-Øc- ß - ƒB¿ kn kptcjvIpam¿ 1. At¥ym-Z-b- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- e-£yw-˛- G‰-hpw- ]m-h-s∏-´-h-cp-sS- D-∂-a-\w2.- -A-ta-cn-°- kzm-X-{¥yw- {]-Jym-]n-®- Xob-Xn-˛- 1776 Pq-sse- 4 3.- -hn-b-‰v-\mw- bp-≤w- A-h-km-\n-®- h¿-jw˛- 1973 4.- h - n-Pb - \ - K - c - Ø - n-se- G-Xp-hw-iØ - n-em-WvIr-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b¿- P-\n-®-Xv-˛- Xp-ep-h5.- -aq-eq¿- kv-am-c-Iw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- C-ehpw-Xn-´6.- -Hu-dw-K-ko-_n-s\- \-in-∏n-®- U-°m-¨Aƒ-k¿- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv-˛a-dm-Ø¿7.- -B-{^n-°-≥ h-≥I-c-bn-se- {]-Y-a- h-\nXm- {]-kn-U-‚ v-˛- F-e-≥ tPm-¨-k-¨k¿-eo-^v8.- B - c - y-`´- - D-]{- K-ls - Ø- _-ln-cm-Im-iØ - vF-Øn-®- cm-Pyw-˛- (ap-≥)-tkm-hn-b-‰v- bqWn-b-≥ 9.- -aq¿-®-bp-≈- tª-Un-\p-ap-I-fn¬- k-©-cn®m-epw- H-cp- t]m-d¬-t]m-ep-ta¬-°m-ØPo-hn-˛- H-®v10.- C - ¥ - y-≥ thym-at- k-\b - p-sS- Hm-Wd - d - n- {Kq∏v- Iym-]v-‰-≥ ]-Z-hn- e-`n-®- B-Zy- hy-‡n˛- k-®n-≥ sS-≥Up¬-°¿11.- -aq-∂p-h-i-hpw- A-b¬-cm-Py-Øm¬- Np-‰s∏-´- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-˛- {Xn-]p-c12.- -I-Æq¿- Pn-√-bn¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- \m-hnI- A-°m-≠-Z-an-˛- G-gn-a-e13.- -B-{^n-°-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- X-Sm-Iw˛- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b14.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-{Pw- J\-\w- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-˛- a-[y-{]-tZiv15.- A - t- a-cn-°≥ - {]-kn-U‚ - m-b- B-Zy- tdm-a≥ -

I-tØm-en-°≥ - ˛ t- Pm-¨- F-^v.- sI-∂U - n16.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ {]-kn-U-‚m-bn- \m-ep- {]mh-iyw- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv-˛- {^m-¶v-fn≥ Un- dq-kv-sh¬-‰v17.- -a-lm-cm-jv-{S-bn-se- {]-kn-≤-am-b- _p-≤a-X-tI-{µw-˛- A-a-cm-h-Xn- 18.- -aq-∂v- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-am-bn- A-Xn¿-Øn]-¶n-Sp-∂- tI-{µ-`-c-W- {]-tZ-iw- G-XmWv-˛-]p-Xp-t®-cn19.- -I¿-Wm-S-I-Øn-se- {]-[m-\- Xp-d-ap-Jw-˛aw-K-em-]p-cw20.- -ap-J-sØ- B-sI- A-ÿn-Iƒ-˛-14 21.- -A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS- F-{Xm-a-sØ- {]-kn-≠U-‚m-Wv- F-{_-lmw- en-¶-¨-˛- 16 22.- -A-em-hp-±o-≥ _m-lv-a-≥ jm- Kp¬-_¿K-sb- ]p-\¿-\m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-X-Xv-˛- Alv-k-\m-_m-Zv23.- -hn-ip-≤- tk-hy-dn-s‚- Xn-cp-i-co-cw- kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂- t_mw- Po-k-kv- _-k-en°- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- ]-\m-Pn24.- -a-lm-cm-jv-{S-bn-se- {]-[m-\- D-’-hw-˛- K-

12

tW-i- N-Xp¿-Yn25.- -F-h-d-Ãn-s‚- D-b-cw- I-W-°m-°n-b-Xv-˛tPm¿-Pv- F-h-d-Ãv26.- -Hu-dw-K-ko-_v- Cu-Ãn-¥- ym-°-º-\n-°v_w-Km-fn¬- I-®h - S- Ø - n-\v- A-\p-aX - n- \¬In-b-Xv-˛- 1667 27.- -A-e-Iv-km-≠-dp-sS- C-¥y-≥ B-{I-a-WIm-e-Øv- X-£-in-e-bn-se- `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛- Aw-`n28.- -G-‰-hpw- \-∂m-bn- \o-¥p-∂- ]-£n-˛-s]≥Kzn-≥ 29.- -a-e-bm-fn- sS-ºnƒ- kv-Yn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kpJ-hm-k- tI-{µw-˛-sb-dp-Im-Sv30.- A - t- a-cn-°b - v° - pw- d-jy-°pw- C-Sb - v° - p-≈I-S-en-Sp-°v-˛- s_-dn-Mv- I-S-en-Sp-°v31.- -G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- cm-Pyw- F-∂- hnti-j-Ww- kz-¥-am-°p-∂ sX-t°- Ata-cn-°-≥ cm-Pyw-˛-Nn-en32.- -a-lm-cm-Pm- c-Rv-Pn-Xv- knw-Kn-s‚- k-am[n- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-em-tlm¿33.- -I¿-Wm-S-I-Øn-se- kz¿-W-J-\n-Iƒ-˛tIm-fm¿,- lp-´n34.- F - w.-Pn.-k¿-hI - e - m-im-e- ssh-kv- Nm-≥ke-dm-bn-cp-∂- ⁄m-\-]o-T-tP-Xm-hv- ˛-bp.B¿.-A-\-¥-aq¿-Øn35.- -aq-∂v- `-c-W-L-S-I-ß-fp-sS- B-ÿm-\-amb- G-I- C-¥y-≥ \-K-cw- ˛- N-Wv-Un-K-Vv36.- -Hu-dw-K-ko-_n-s‚- ]n-≥Km-an-bm-b-ap-hmkw-cm-P-Ip-am-c-≥ G-Xp- t]-cn-em-Wv- knwlm-k-\m-tcm-l-Ww- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- ˛- _l-Zq¿-jm- H-∂m-a-≥ 37.- -A-kw-ªn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- thm-´p-sN-bvX- B-Zy- {]-kn-U-‚ v-˛- F.-]n.-sP.- A-_vZpƒ- I-emw38.- -hn-eyw- tlm-°n-≥kv- P-lmw-Ko-dn-s‚- kZ- n-se-Øn-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1608 39.- h - n-f° - p-\m-Sb - n¬- F-Æ- I-bd - p-∂- X-Øzw˛- tI-in-I-Xzw40.- -A-Sn-b-¥-c- tlm¿-tam-¨- F-∂-dn-b-s∏Sp-∂-Xv-˛- A-{Un-\m-en-≥ 41.- -G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- tZ-io-b- Km-\-ap≈- cm-Pyw-˛- {Ko-kv42.- H - u-dw-Kk - o-_n-s≥d- ]n-≥Km-an-bm-bn-cp-∂ap-hm-kw- cm-P-Ip-am-c-≥ G-Xv- t]-cn-emWv- knw-lm-k\ - m-tcm-lW - w- \-SØ - n-bX - v.˛-_-l-Zq¿-jm- H-∂m-a-≥ 43.- -A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-sb- A-®-S-°-Øn-s‚bp-K-∏n-d-hn- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-˛- hnt\m-_m-`m-sh44.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-Iƒ- Hm-W-d-dn]u-c-Xzw- \¬-In- B-Z-cn-®- (1963)- B-Zyhy-‡n- ˛-k¿- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬45.- -A-e-Iv-km-≠¿- ]p-jv-In-≥ G-Xp- cm-PyØm-Wv- P-\n-®-Xv-˛- d-jy-

h-Kn-cn-)46.- -a-e-bm-fn-k-`- cq-]-h¬-°-cn-®-Xv-˛- kn.-Ir69.- -B-cy-≥am¿- D-S-se-Sp-Ø-Xv- B¿-Sn-Iv- {]jv-W-]n-≈tZ-i-Øm-sW-∂- hm-Zw- ap-t∂m-´p-sh-®47.- -a-e-bm-fw- A-®-Sn-°m-≥ tI-c-f-Øn¬- BXv- ˛- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c- Xn-e-I-≥ Zy-am-bn- {]- v- ÿm-]n-®-sX-hn-sS-bm-Wv70.- -ap-Øp-I-fp-sS- \-K-cw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂˛- tIm-´-bwXv-˛- Xq-Øp-°p-Sn48.- -A-an-Xm-`v- _-®-s‚- ho-Sm-b- {]-Xo-£- F71.- -B-cp-sS- \n-cym-W-Øn¬- A-\p-tim-Nnhn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-apw-ss_°m-\m-Wv- ssh-‰v- lu-kv- Dƒ-s∏-sS- A49.- -a-e-bm-fw- G-Xp-`m-jm-tKm-{X-Øn¬-s∏-Sp∂p-˛- {Zm-hn-Uw50.- -a-lm-ho-c-≥ P-\n-®- ÿ-ew-˛- Ip-µ-{Km-aw(ssh-im-en-°-Sp-Øv-)51.- -C-¥y-≥ `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-ap-Jw- (]oTn-I-)- X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv-˛- P-hm-l¿-em¬s\-{lp52.- -hn-`-P-\-tØm-sS- G-Xv- Xp-d-ap-Jw- ]m-Inkv-Xm-\p- e-`n-®-Xn-\m-em-Wv- Im-≠v-e- Xpd-ap-Jw- C-¥y- hn-I-kn-∏n-®-Xv-˛-I-dm-®n53.- -B-cp-sS- ]-g-b-t]-cm-bn-cp-∂p- c-Xv-\m-I-c≥˛- hm-ev-ao-In54.- A - t- a-cn-°b - v° - pw- Iyq-_b - v° - pw- C-Sb - v° - p≈- I-S-en-Sp-°v-˛- ^v-tfm-dn-U- I-S-en-Sp-°v55.- -B-cp-sS- _-lp-am-\m¿-Yw- \yq-U¬-lnbn¬- B-cw-`n-®-Xm-Wv- an-j-≥ Hm-^v- sse-

72.73.74.-

75.-

56.-

57.-

58.59.60.-

61.-

62.63.-

64.65.66.-

67.68.-

^v- ayq-kn-bw- ˛- F.-]n.-sP.- A-_v-Zpƒ- Iemw-a-lm-flm-Km-‘n-bp-sS- B-fl-I-Y- G-Xv{]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-em-Wv- B-Zyw- A-®Sn-®-Xv-˛- \-h-Po-h-≥ -hn-b-∂,- s_¬-t{K-Uv,- _p-Um-s]-Ãv,{_m-´n-…m-h- F-∂o- X-e-ÿm-\- \-K-cnI-sf- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂- \-Zn-˛- Um-\yq-_v-a-e-_m¿- Iym-≥k¿- sk-‚¿- skm-ssk‰n-bp-sS- sN-b¿-am-≥˛-ap-Jy-a-{¥n-A-e-Iv-km-{≠n-b- \-K-cw- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv˛-A-e-Iv-km-≠¿- N-{I-h¿-Øn-A-gn-a-Xn- B-tcm-]-W-sØ-Øp-S¿-∂v- cmPn-h-bv-t°-≠n-h-∂- A-ta-cn-°-≥ {]-knU-‚ v-˛- dn-®m¿-Uv- \n-Iv-k-¨-A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS- kzm-X{¥y- {]-Jym-]-\w- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- t]-cv˛- Zn- s]¿-^yqw-A-hm-an- eo-Kv- G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- cm-jv-{Sob- ]m¿-´n-bm-Wv-˛- _w-•m-tZ-iv-A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS- tZ-iob-Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- {^m-≥kn-kv- kv-tIm´v- Io-a-lm-cm-jv-{S-bn-se- {]-[m-\- `m-j-˛- a-dmØn-B-{K-l-am-Wv- k¿-h-Zpx-J-߃-°pw- tlXp- F-∂p- ]-d-™-Xv-˛- {io-_p-≤-≥ -A-em-hp-±o-≥ Jn¬-Pn-bp-sS- G-‰-hpw- {][m-\-s∏-´- ]-cn-jv-Im-cw-˛- I-tºm-f- \n-b{¥-Ww-B-cy-≥am¿- C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- Ip-Sn-tbdn-b- ÿ-ew-˛- ]-©m-_v-ap-l-Ω-Zv- _n-≥ Xp-•-Iv- U¬-ln-bn¬-\n∂pw- X- e - ÿ m- \ w- F- h n- t S- ° m- W v 1327˛¬- am-‰n-b-Xv-˛- Zu-e-Øm-_m-Zv- (tZ-

]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥

76.-

77.78.79.80.81.82.83.-

84.85.86.-

87.-

88.-

ta-cn-°-bn-se- F-√m- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-sebpw- ho-Sp-I-fn-se-bpw- sse-‰p-Iƒ- A¬]-t\-c-tØ-°v- A-W-®-Xv- ˛-F-Un-k-¨-ap-l-Ω-Zv- _n-≥ Xp-•-°n-s‚- 23˛-a-sØ{]-hn-iy-˛- Zu-e-Øm-_m-Zv-bp-ssW-‰-Uv- \yq-kv- Hm-^v- C-¥y-bp-sSB-ÿm-\w-˛- \yq-U¬-ln-bp-ssW-‰-Uv- t\-j-≥kv- ssl-°-Ωo-jW¿- t^m¿- lyp-a-≥ ssd-‰v-kn-s‚- Bÿm-\w-˛-P-\o-h-ap-l-Ω-Zv-_n-≥ Xp-•-°n-s‚- Im-e-Øv1333˛¬- C-¥y- k-µ¿-in-®-sam-tdm-t°m°m-c-\m-b-(B-{^n-°-)- k-©m-cn-˛- C-_v≥ _-Øq-Ø-a-I-s‚- tcm-Kw- X-\n-°v- \¬-I-W-sa-∂pw]-Ic - w- a-I≥ - kp-Jw- {]m-]n-°W - s - a-∂pw{]m¿-Yn-®X - n-s‚- ^-ea - m-bn- A-¥c - n-®p-sh∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂- ap-Kƒ- `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn- ˛-_m-_¿-G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- I-S-en-Sp-°v-˛- Sm¿Sm¿-A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS- I-fn-ÿ-ew- F-∂-dn-bs∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- Im-en-t^m¿-Wn-b-hn-b-‰v-\m-an-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w-˛- lm-t\m-bv-A-em-hp-±o-≥ Jn¬-Pn-bp-sS- k-Z-ky-\mbn-cp-∂- I-hn-˛- A-ao¿- Jp-{kp-ap-{Zm-cm-£-k-Øn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-Sp∂- cm-P-hw-iw-˛- \-µ-hw-iw-bq-tdm-]y-≥ bq-Wn-b-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-˛{_- ¬-kv-ap-Kƒ- `-c-W-Øn-s‚- X-I¿-®-tbm-sS- _wKm-fn¬- kz-X-{¥- `-c-W-Iq-Sw- ÿm-]n-®Xv-˛- ap¿-jn-Zv- Ip-en- Jm-≥ -bq-tdm-∏n-s‚- km-an¬- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂cm-Pyw-˛- kzo-U-≥ -a-cp-`q-J-Wv-Uw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- ˛-A‚m¿-´n-°-ap-l-Ω-Zv- _n-≥ Im-knw- B-{I-an-°ptºmƒ- kn-‘n-se- ln-µp- cm-Pm-hv-˛- Zmln¿-bq-dm¬- ]¿-h-X-\n-c- bq-tdm-∏n-s\- G-Xvh-≥I-c-bn¬-\n-∂v- th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-˛-Gjy-A-em-hp-±o-≥ _m-lv-a-≥ jm- X-s‚- cmP-[m-\n-bm-bn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-Ø- \-K-cw-˛Kp¬-_¿-K-

2013 am¿-®v- 15

89.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS- kzmX-{¥y- {]-Jym-]-\w- X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv-˛tXm-a-kv- sP-t^-gv-k-¨90.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- `-£y-[m\y-߃- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- kw-ÿm-\w˛- D-Ø¿- {]-tZ-iv91.- -A-em-hp-±o-≥ Jn¬-Pn-bp-sS- `-c-W-Im-ew˛- 1296˛-1314 92.- b - p-td-\n-bw- I-≠p-]n-Sn-®X - v˛- - am¿-´n-≥ ¢mt{]m-Øv93.- -C¥ - y-≥ _-ln-cm-Im-ib - p-KØ - n-\p- Xp-S°w- Ip-dn-®- Xo-bX - n-˛- 1963 \-hw-_¿- 21 94.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-I- I-t‚m-¨-sa-‚ v-˛- IÆq¿95.- -Szn-¶nƒ- Szn-¶nƒ- en-‰n¬- Ãm¿- F-∂- \gv-k-dn- Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- B-≥ sS-bv-e¿,sP-bv-≥ sS-bv-e¿96.- a - l - m-Xva - m-Km-\v[ - n- k¿-hI - e - m-im-eb - p-sSB-kv-Ym-\w-˛- A-Xn-c-ºp-g-bn-se- {]n-bZ¿-in-\n- ln¬-kv97.- -a-l-Xz-Øn-\p- \¬-tI-≠n-h-cp-∂- hn-eI-\-Ø- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv- ˛-F-∂p- ]d-™-Xv-˛-k¿- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬98.- -`q-ap-J-Øv- C-∂p-≈-Xn¬- G-‰-hpw- {]mNo-\-am-b- ]¿-h-X-\n-c-˛- B-c-h-√n99.- a - m-[h - m-Nm-cy¿-(1199˛-1278)- F-¥n-s‚- hymJym-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p-˛- ssZz-X- kn-≤m-¥w100.- -am-[y-an-I-kq-{Xw- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-˛- \m-Km¿Pp-\-≥ 101.- -A-©p-`m-j-I-fn¬- h-cn-I-fp-≈- tZ-io-bKm-\-ap-≈- cm-Pyw-˛-Z-£n-Wm-{^n-°102.- -A-º-Xp- h¿-jw- ]m¿-e-sa-‚w-K-≠-am-bn≠-cp-∂- kzm-X-{¥y- k-a-c- tk-\m-\n-˛F-≥.-Pn.-cw-K103.- a - K - vk - t- k- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ,C-¥y-≥ ]u-c-\m-b- a-e-bm-fn-˛- h¿-Kokv- Ip-cy-≥ 104.- -A-Ω-∂q¿- am-[-h-Nm-Iym-cp-am-bn- _-‘s∏-´- I-em-cq-]w-˛- Iq-Sn-bm-´w105.- -`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- G-Xp- h-Ip-∏v- A-\pk-cn-®m-Wv- tI-{µ-k¿-°m-cn-s≥d- \n¿-hl-Wm-[n-Im-cw- cm-jv{- S-]X - n-bn¬- \n-£n]v-X-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- 53˛mw- h-Ip-∏v106.- -_w-Kmƒ- hn-`-P-\w- d-±m-°n-b- h¿-jw-˛1911 107.- -`q-Kp-cp-Xz-_-ew- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-hp-≈-Xv-˛`q-a-[y-tc-J-bn¬108.- -\m-j-W¬- te-_¿- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- B-cpsS- t]-cn¬- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p∂p-˛- hn.-hn.-Kn-cn109.- -A-Jn-te-¥ym- k¿-ho-kn-se- D-tZym-Kÿ-sc- \n-b-an-°p-∂-Xv-˛- {]-kn-U-‚ v110.- -\m-f-µ- k¿-h-I-em-im-e- bp-sS- ]p-\-cp≤m-c-W-Øn-\p- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-Im-≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-Xv-˛- A-a¿-Xy- sk-≥ 111.- -am-e-Zzo-]v- G-Xv- k-ap-{Z-Øn-em-Wv-˛-C-¥y-

117.- -an-\m¿- C- ]m-In-kv-Xm-≥ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv˛-em-tlm¿118.- -a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-se- P-e-Øn-s‚- A-fhv- F-{X- i-X-am-\-am-Wv-˛- 65 119.- -an-≥U-\m-thm- Zzo-]v- G-Xv- k-ap-{Z-Ønem-Wv-˛-]-k-^n-Iv- k-ap-{Zw120.- -an-I-®- \-S-\p-≈- tZ-io-b- A-hm¿-Un-\vB-Zy-am-bn- A¿-l-\m-b-Xm-cv- ˛- D-ØwIp-am¿121.- -an-I-®- \-Sn-°p-≈- Hm-kv-I¿- A-hm¿-Uv-

152.153.154.-

155.156.-

157.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.-

130.131.132.133.134.-

138.-

139.-

115.116.-

2013 am¿-®v- 15

148.-

151.-

137.-

114.-

147.-

150.-

136.-

112.113.-

145.146.-

149.-

135.-

≥a-lm-k-ap-{Zw-am-kv-Ip-I-fp-sS- \-K-cw-˛- sh-\o-kv-am-©-ÿ- G-Xp- hy-h-km-b-Øn-\m-Wp{]-kn-≤w-˛- sS-Iv-kv-ss‰¬-kv-am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- h-S-°pw-Iq¿- Io-g-S°n-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛-F.Un.-1750 -am-thm-dn-kv- tKm-{X-sØ- F-hn-sS-°mWmw-˛- \yq-kn-e-≥Uv-am-Xr-{K-l-hp-am-bn- Xm-c-X-ayw- sN-øptºmƒ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- D-]-{K-lw-˛-N{µ-≥

144.-

140.-

141.-

142.-

143.-

B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- Pm-\-‰v- sK-bv-\¿-a-bq-c-knw-lm-k-\w- \n¿-an-®-Xv-˛- jm-Plm-≥ -am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- Im-bw-Ip-fw- ]n-Sn-®S-°n-bX - v- G-Xv- h¿-jØ - n¬-˛- F.-Un.-1746 -a-\p-jy-s‚- lr-Z-b-an-Sn-∏p-\n-c-°v-˛-72 {]Xn- an-\p-´va - b - n-en-s\- C-¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b] - £ - n-bmbn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®- h¿-jw-˛- 1963 -a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬- D-≠m-b- B-Zy-sØK-Zy-Ir-Xn-˛- `m-jm-Iu-S-eo-bwA - ¥ - m-cm-jv{- S- km-£c - X - m- h¿-jw-˛- 1990 -am-thm- ln¬- tÃ-j-≥ G-Xv- kw-ÿm\-Øv-˛- a-Wn-∏q¿-an-I-®- ]m¿-e-sa-t‚-dn-b-\p-≈- tZ-io-bA-hm¿-Uv- B-Zy-am-bn- e-`n-®-Xv-˛- C-{µPn-Xv- Kp-]v-XB - \ - v{- [-{]-tZ-in-se-bpw- H-do-kb - n-se-bpwta-P¿- ss{S-_v-˛- sN-©p-a-\p-jy-s‚- kn-‡m-Wv-U-Øn-se- t{Ima-tkm-ap-I-fp-sS- F-Æw-˛- 46 -a-\p-jy-s‚- ÿn-c-Z-¥-߃-˛- 32 -am-cp-X- \-K-cw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- jn°m-tKm-am-cp-Xn- D-tZym-Kv- en-an-‰-Un-s‚- ^m-Iv-Sdn- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- Kp¿-Km-hv-B-\v-{[m-{]-tZ-in¬- tdm-°-‰v- hn-t£-]W-tI-{µw- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- kv-Y-ew-˛{io-l-cn-t°m-´-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- A-®-Sn-®- B-Zy-sØ- ]pkv-X-Iw-˛- kw-t£-]-th-Zm¿-Yw-a-\p-jy-s‚- Hm-tcm- Im-en-epw- F-{X- Aÿn-I-fp-≠v-˛-ap-∏-Xv-A-Iv-_-dp-sS- `-c-W- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ß-fpsS- ap- ≥ Km- a n- F- ∂ - d n- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v - ˛ sj¿-jm-A-Iv-_-dp-sS- am-Xm-hv-˛- l-ao-Zm-_m-\p_o-KwA - I - v_ - d - p-sS- B-cm-[y-]p-cp-j\ - m-bn-cp-∂sj-bv-Jv- k-enw- Nn-Ãn-bp-sS- i-h-Ip-Socw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- ^-tØ-]q¿- kn-{In-A-Jn-te-¥y- t{S-Uv- bq-Wn-b-≥ tIm-¨{K-kn-s‚- B-Zy- k-tΩ-f-\w- \-S-∂- ÿew-˛- apw-ss_-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- ss_-_nƒ{]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv- F-hn-sS-\n-∂m-Wv-˛tIm-´-bw-A-Jn-te-¥ym- kz-`m-h-ap-≈- B-Zy-sØcm-jv-{So-b- kw-L-S-\-bm-b- C-¥y-≥ A-

158.159.160.-

161.-

162.163.164.-

tkm-kn-tb-j-≥ cq-]-h¬-°-cn-®-Xv-˛- kptc-{µ-\m-Yv- _m-\¿-Pn-A-jv-Smw-K-lr-Z-bw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- hm-Kv-`-S≥ -A-k-an-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w-˛- Zn-kv-]q¿-a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-f-an-Ãv˛- Un.-kn.-In-g-t°-ap-dn-a-bq-cm-£n- t{]m-P-Iv-Sv- G-Xv- kw-ÿm\-Øv-˛- ]-›n-a- _w-Kmƒ-a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tUmƒ-_nÃo-cn-tbm- Nn-{Xw-˛- Im-em-]m-\n-A-h-≥ ho-≠pw- h-cp-∂p- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-˛kn.-sP.-tXm-a-kv-A-Iv-_¿- N-{I-h¿-Øn- I-eym-Ww- I-gn®- cm-Pv-]p-{X- cm-P-Ip-am-cn-˛- tPm-[m-`mbn-B-\v-{[m-{]-tZ-in-s≥d- ap-≥ X-e-kv-Ym\w-˛- Ip¿-Wq¬-a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- IqSn-b- tIm-iw-˛- \m-Uo- tIm-iw-a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Un-Pn-‰¬kn-\n-a-˛- aq-∂m-a-sXm-cmƒ-a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- a-lmIm-hyw-˛- tI-i-ho-bw- (sI.-kn.-tI-i-h]n-≈-bp-sS-)-A-em-hp-±o-≥ Jn¬-Pn-bp-sS- tk-\m-\mb-I-≥˛- am-en-Iv- Im-^¿-a-g-ta-L-߃- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ta-Lß-fp-sS- t]-cv-˛- \nw-t_m-kv-{Sm-‰-kv- taL-߃-A-h-¥n-\m-Y-≥ F-∂- _n-cp-Zw- kzo-Icn-®- Nm-eq-Iy-cm-Pm-hv-˛- P-b-knw-l-kn≤-cm-P-A-k-an-s‚- Zpx-Jw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv˛- {_-lv-]p-{X-B-\v-{[m-{]-tZ-in-se- {]-kn-≤-am-b- h-{PJ-\n-˛- tKm¬-s°m-≠-ap-K-f¿-s°-Xn-sc- s]m-cp-Xn-b- Nm-µv- _o_n,- A-_n-ko-\n-b≥ - hw-iP - \ - m-b- a-{¥nam-en-Iv- Bw-_¿- F-∂n-h¿- G-Xp- cmPy-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p-˛- A-l-Ω-Zv- \-K¿-F-tXym-]y-≥ k-©m-cn- C-_v-≥_-ØqØ-bp-sS- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- k-µ¿-i-\w- GXv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1342˛-47 -a-\p-jy-s‚- I-c-fn-s‚- `m-cw-˛- 1359˛-1812 {Kmw-ap-Kƒ- X-e-ÿm-\w- B-{K-bn¬-\n-∂vU¬-ln-bn-te-°v- am-‰n-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1646 -I-Æq¿- Pn-√-bn¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ap-Ø-

∏-≥ -t£-{Xw-˛ ]-d-»n-\n-°-S-hv165.- -an-I-®- I¿-j-I-\v- kw-ÿm-\-k¿-°m¿\¬-Ip-∂- A-hm¿-Uv-˛- I¿-j-tIm-Ø-a166.- F - I - Z- n-\Ø - n¬- 10000 d-¨k - v- Xn-I® - - BZy- {In-°-‰¿-˛- k-®n-≥ sS-≥Up¬-°¿167.- -ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- P-\n-®- sa-°- G-Xv- cmPy-Øm-Wv-˛-ku-Zn- A-td-_y168.- -A-k-an-s‚- Zp-Jw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- \Zn-˛- {_-“-]p-{X169.- -hn-iz-`m-cX - n- k¿-hI - e - m-im-eb - ° v- p-≈n¬Sm-tKm-dn-s‚- ho-Sn-s‚- t]-c˛v- - D-Øc - m-b≥ 170.- -F-h-d-Ãv- Io-g-S-°n-b- B-Zy-sØ- Z-£nW-¥y-°m-c-≥˛- ]n.-F-≥.-K-tW-jv171.- -A-e-Iv-km-≠-dp-sS- ]-S-tbm-´-°m-e-Øva-K-[- `-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-˛- a-lm-]-fl-\-µ-≥ 172.- -hn-π-h-{]-h¿-Ø-\-߃- A-h-km-\n-∏n-®vA-c-hn-µ-tLm-jv- k-∂ym-k-Po-hn-Xw- \bn-®-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-]p-Xp-t®-cn-

]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥

173.- -B-\v-{[m-{]-tZ-in-se- {]-kn-≤-am-b- _p≤-a-X-tI-{µw-˛- \m-Km¿-Pp-\-tIm-≠174.- -hn-{K-l- \n¿-am-W-Øn-\v- G-‰-hpw- Iq-SpX¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- tem-lw-˛-sN-ºv175.- -a-\p-jy-s‚- i-co-c-`m-c-Øn-s‚- F-{X-iX-am-\-am-Wv- t]-in-Iƒ-˛- 40 176.- -B\ - {v- [m-{]-tZ-in-se- aq-∂p- `q-hn-`m-Kß - ƒ˛- sX-ep-¶m-\,- dm-b¬-ko-a,- B-\v{- [177.- -{_n-´o-jv- `-c-W-Im-e-Øv- t_mw-s_- {]hn-iy-bp-sS- th-\¬-°m-e- X-e-ÿm-\am-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛- a-lm-_-te-iz¿178.- -hn-ip-≤-\-K-cw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- Pdp-k-tew179.- A - a - ¿-\m-Yv- Xo¿-Ym-S\ - t- I-{µw- G-Xp- kwÿm-\-Øm-Wv-˛- P-Ωp- I-iv-ao¿180.- -F-h-d-Ãv- Io-g-S-°n-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-°mc-≥˛- sS-≥kn-Mv- t\m¿-sK181.- -F-kv-In-tam-I-fp-sS- ho-Sv-˛- C-•p182.- a - \ - p-jy-s‚- i-co-tcm-jva - m-hv- \n-b{- ¥n-°p∂- {]-[m-\- A-h-b-hw-˛- Xz-°v183.- -Fs - ‚- k¿-ho-kv- tÃm-dn-˛- B-cp-sS- Bfl-IY - b - m-W˛v- - a-eb - m-‰q¿- cm-aI - r-jW v- ≥ 184.- -F-S-bv-°¬- Kp-l- G-Xp- Pn-√-bn¬-˛- hb-\m-Sv185.- -ap-…nw- `-c-Ww- h-cp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- U¬ln- `-cn-®- A-h-km-\-sØ- ln-µp-cm-Pmhv- ˛-]r-Yzn-cm-Pv- Nu-lm-≥ 186.- -F-X-t\m-bn-Iv- B-kn-Uv- F-∂pw- A-dnb-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- A-k-‰n-Iv- B-kn-Uv187.- -F-Xv- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\m-Wv- C-¥ym- Kh-¨-sa-‚ v- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Xp-I- kΩm-\-am-bn- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- Km-‘n- ]o-kvss{]-kv188.- A - ƒ-{Sm-tkm-Wn-Iv- X-cw-Kß - ƒ- D-]t- bmKn-®v- C-cp-´-Øv- ]-d-°p-∂- Po-hn-˛-h-∆m¬189.- -A-‰-°m-a- a-cp-`q-an- G-Xp- `q-J-Wv-UØn¬-˛- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°190.- -A-a¿-Xym-sk-∂n-s‚- Nn-¥-I-sf- G-‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- kzm-[o-\n-®- kw-`-hw-˛_w-Kmƒ- £m-aw191.- -a-\p-jy-s‚- sXm-en-bn¬- A-S-ßn-bn-cn°p-∂- h¿-W-h-kv-Xp-˛- sa-em-\n-≥ 192.- -B-\v-{[m-{]-tZ-in-se- G-Xv- kv-Y-e-ØpIq-Sn-bm-Wv- 821/-2 Un-{Kn- In-g-°v- tc-Jmwiw- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- Im°n-\m-U193.- -A-ar-Xv-k-dn-s‚- ]-g-b- t]-cv-˛- cmw-Zm-kv]q¿194.- -A-Iv-_¿- P-kn-b- \n-dp-Ø-em-°n-b- h¿jw-˛- 1564 195.- B - \ - v{- [-t`m-P- F-∂d - n-bs - ∏-´X - v- Ir-jvW - tZ-h-cm-b¿196.- -`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- a-\x- m-£n- F-∂-≠dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 19 197.- s - F-Iy-cm-jv{- S-k` - b - p-sS- bq-tdm-]y-≥ Bÿm-\w-˛- P-\o-h198.- -tem-Iv-k-`-bp-sS-/-\n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS- A-[y£-≥˛-kv-]o-°¿199.- -\m-kn-Iv- G-Xp- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øm-Wv˛-tKm-Zm-h-cn200.- -sX-tßm-e-Iƒ- a-™-fn-°m-≥ Im-c-WwG-Xp- aq-eI - Ø - n-s‚- A-`m-ha - m-Wv˛- - ss\{S-P-≥ 201.- - [ - h - f - \- K - c w- F- ∂ - d n- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v - ˛ s_¬-t{K-Uv202.- -\n-b-a-k-`- tN-cm-Ø- k-a-b-ß-fn¬- Hm¿Un-\-≥kv- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°m-≥ B¿-°mWv- A-[n-Im-cw-˛-K-h¿-W¿203.- -[-\w- Iq-Sp-t¥m-dpw- a-\p-jy-≥ Zp-jn-°p∂p- F-∂p- ]-d-™-Xv-˛- H-fn-h¿- tKmƒ-

13

Uv- kv-an-Øv204.- -{]-Im-i-Øn-\v- N-{µ-\pw- `q-an-bv-°p-an-Sbn¬- k-©-cn-°m-\m-h-iy-am-b- k-a-bw˛- 1.-3 sk-°-‚ v205.- -P-kn-b,- Pm-Kn¿- Xp-S-ßn-b-h- \-S-∏m-°nb- U¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥˛- ^n-tdm-kv- jmXp-•-Iv206.- -\m-j-W¬- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- t^m¿- bp-\m\n- sa-Un-kn-≥ F-hn-sS-bm-W- ˛-_mw-•q¿207.- -B-`y-¥-c- A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-kv-Y- {]-Jym-]n®- C-¥y-≥ {]-kn-U-≠v-˛- ^-{Ip-Zo-≥ Aen- A-l-Ω-Zv208.- -B-{^n-°-≥ `q-J-Wv-U-Øn-se- G-‰-hpwsN-dn-b- cm-Pyw-˛- sk-bv-j¬-kv209.- -A-P-¥m- Nn-{X-I-e-bn-se- h¿-W-߃F-¥p-sIm-≠p-≠m-°n-b-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p-˛[m-Xp-°-fpw- sN-Sn-I-fpw210.- -ap-¥n-cn-bn¬- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂- B-knUv-˛- Sm¿-Sm-dn-Iv- B-kn-Uv211.- -A-Iv-_-dn-s‚- {]n-b-an-{X-hpw- I-hn-bp-amb- s^-bv-kn- A-¥-cn-®- h¿-jw-˛- 1595 212.- B - [ - p-\n-I- Xp¿-°n-bp-sS- ÿm-]I - ≥ - F∂-dn-bs - ∏-Sp-∂X - v˛- - ap-kvX - ^ - - I-am¬- A‰m-Xp¿-°v213.- -A-Iv-_-dn-s‚- G-‰-hp-sam-Sp-hn-e-sØ- Zn§zn-P-bw-˛- A-ko¿-K-Vv214.- a - e - b - m-fØ - n-se- B-Zy-sØ- ]-{X-am-b- cmPy-k-am-Nm-cw- F-hn-sS- \n-∂p-am-Wv- {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-cw-`n-®-Xv-˛- X-e-t»-cn215.- -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- D-]-\ym-kk-am-lm-cw-˛- K-Zy-am-en-I- (kn.-]n.-AN - ypX-ta-t\m-≥)216.- -A-Iv-_¿- ÿm-]n-®- a-Xw-˛- Zn-≥ C-emln- (1582)217.- a - \ - p-jy-s‚- i-co-tcm-jva - m-hv- \n-b{- ¥n-°p∂-Xv-˛- ssl-t∏m-Ø-em-a-kv218.- -B-\-I-fp-sS- kw-c-£-Wm¿-Yw- t{]m-PIv-Sv- F-en-^-≥dv- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- h¿-jw˛- 1992 219.- -apw-ss_- ssl- G-Xn-\m-Wp- {]-kn-≤w˛- F-Æ- J-\-\w220.- -B-\-bp-sS- sIm-ºv- F-¥v- cq-]m-¥-cw{]m-]n-®p-≠m-b-Xm-Wv-˛- D-fn-∏-√v221.- -A-k-an-se- {]-[m-\- D¬-k-hw-˛- _n-lp222.- -B-{^n-°-≥ `q-J-Wv-U-Øn¬- G-‰-hpwIq-Sp-X¬- P-\-kw-Jy-bp-≈- cm-Pyw-˛ss\-Po-cn-b223.- -A-k-an-se- B-Zy- ap-Jy-a-{¥n-˛- tKm-]n\m-Yv- t_m¿-tZm-fn224.- -ar-K-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Hm¿-a-i‡n- D-≈-Xv-˛- B-\225.- -ar-K-ß-fp-sS- cm-Pm-hv-˛- knw-lw226.- -a-Rv-Po-c- G-Xn-s‚- t]m-j-I-\-Zn-bm-Wv˛-tKm-Zm-h-cn227.- -A-Iv-_-dp-sS- ]-cn-]m-e-I-\m-bn- `-c-Ww\-S-Øn-b-Xv-˛- ss_-dmw-Jm-≥ 228.- - a - e - b m- f n- b m- b - kn.- _ m- e - I r- j v - W - \ v 1965˛¬- A¿-Pp-\- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-s°mSp-Ø- Im-bn-I- C-\w-˛- ]¿-hX - m-tcm-lW - w229.- t- Z-io-b- l-cn-X- ss{S-_yq-W¬- \n-eh - n¬h-∂-Xv-˛- 2010 H-Iv-tSm-_¿230.- -tIm-¨-{K-kv- A-[y-£- ÿm-\-sØ-Ønb- c-≠m-a-sØ- hn-tZ-i-h-\n-X-˛- s\-√nsk-≥Kp-]v-X- (1933)231.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- ssP-h-ssh-hn[y-ap-≈- h-\w-˛- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en-

14

232.- -B-[p-\n-I- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- G-‰-hpwIq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- `-cn-®- cm-Pm-hv-˛-[¿a-cm-Pm-hv233.- -B-{^n-°,- A-ta-cn-°- h-≥I-c-Iƒ-°n-Sbn¬- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- k-ap-{Zw-˛-A-Xvem-‚ n-Iv- k-ap-{Zw234.- -B-[p-\n-I- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- B-ZysØ- cm-Pm-hv- ˛-am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a235.- B - \ - ° - q-Sn-\v- {]-kn-≤a - m-b- ÿ-ew-˛- tIm∂n236.- -A-k-an-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- \-Zn˛- {_-“-]p-{X237.- -I¿-j-I¿- a-Æn¬- Ip-Ωm-bw- tN¿-°p∂-Xv-˛- A-æ-Kp-Ww- Ip-d-bv-°m-≥ 238.- -hn-cn-∏q- Ir-jn- sIm-øp-∂-Xv- G-Xv- am-kØn-em-Wv-˛- I-∂n239.- -izm-k-tIm-i-ß-fpw- _m-ly-i-Ip-e-ß-

fpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- iz-k-\w- \-S-Øp-∂P-¥p-˛- X-h-f240.- -G-Xv- k-ky-Øn-s‚- ]q-hn-em-Wv- A-∂Pw- kw-`c - n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v˛- - tIm-fn-^vf - h - ¿241.- -k-ky-ß-fn¬- ssew-Kn-I- {]-P-P-\w- km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- ]q-hn-eq-sS242.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- a-e-\mSv- {]-tZ-i-ap-≈- Pn-√-˛- C-Sp-°n243.- -1857˛-se- I-em-]-Im-e-Øv- e-Iv-\u-hn¬I-em-]w- \-bn-®-Xm-cv-˛- _o-Kw- l-{k-Øva-l¬244.- -B-cp-sS- t]-cn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- F-h-d-Ãn-\vB- t]-cp- In-´n-b-Xv-˛- k¿- tPm¿-Pv- F-hd-Ãv245.- -an-tkm-dn-˛- an-kn-kn-∏n- G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bnse- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- \-Zn-bm-Wv- ˛h-S-t°- A-ta-cn-°246.- -G-‰-hpw- `m-c-ap-≈- I-cƒ- D-≈- P-¥p-˛]-∂n247.- -{^-©v- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- sj-h-en-b¿- ]p-ckv-Im-cw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ- C-¥y-°mc-≥˛- in-hm-Pn- K-tW-i-≥ 248.- -A-e-Iv-km-≠¿- C-¥y- B-{I-an-®- h¿jw-˛- _n.-kn.-327˛-326 249.- k - q-cy-{]-Im-iP - o-hI - w- F-∂d - n-bs - ∏-Sp-∂Xv-˛- Po-h-Iw- Un250.- -i-Iy-ap-\n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- _p-≤-≥ 251.- F - d - W - m-Ip-fw- Pn-√b - n-se- hm-g° - p-fw- {Kmaw- F-¥v- D¬-]m-Z-\-Øn-em-Wv- {]-kn-≤nbm¿-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- ssI-X-®-°252.- -t]-cm¿- F-∂p-a-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- \-Zn-˛- `m-cX-∏p-g253.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ]-Xm-I-bv-°v- cq-]w\¬-In-b-Xv- ˛- ]nw-K-en- sh-¶-ø254.- -X-øm-dm-bn-cn-°p-I- F-∂- ap-{Zm-hm-IywG-Xv- kw-L-S-\-bp-tS-Xm-Wv-˛- `m-c-Xv- kvIu-´v-kv- B-‚ v- ssK-Uv-kv255.- -Km-‘n-Pn-bp-sS- a-\x-km-£n-kq-£n-∏pIm-c-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- kn.-cm-P-tKm]m-em-Nm-cn256.- -C-¥y-bn¬- {]-h¿-Øn-°m-≥ Cu-Ãn¥ym-°-º-\n- ÿm-]n-®- B-Zy- bq-tdm]y-≥am¿-˛- Cw-Kv-fo-jp-Im¿257.- -kw-ÿm-\- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- I-Ωo-j-≥ \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1998 258.- -\-thm-∞m-\-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv-˛- s]-{Sm¿°v-

259.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- `m-jI-fp-≈- cm-Pyw-˛- Z-£n-Wm-{^n-°260.- -A-em-l-bp-sS- s]-¨-a-°ƒ- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛km-dm- tPm-k-^v261.- -tKmƒ-U-≥ t•m-_v- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- F-¥pam-bn- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛- kn-\n-a262.- -hn-{I-am-Zn-Xy-h-c-Kp-W-s‚- im-k-\-Øns‚- t]-sc-¥v-˛-]m-en-bw- im-k-\w263.- -cm-Py-k-`-bn-te-°v- B¿-´n-°nƒ- 80 {]Im-cw- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-ø-s∏-´- B-Zyap-gp-h-≥k-a-b- Im-bn-I-Xm-cw-˛- k-®n-≥ sS-≥Up¬-°¿264.- A - ° - u-Ãn-Ivk - v- F-¥n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]T-\w-˛- i-_v-Zw265.- -G-Xv- Im¿-jn-I-hn-f-bp-sS- k-¶-c-bn-\whn-Øm-Wv- Im¿-Øn-I-˛- s\-√v266.- -Xp-©-≥ Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- Unkw-_¿- 31 267.- -X¿-°-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv-˛- A-cntÃm-´n¬268.- -Km-‘n-Pn-sb-°p-dn-®v- F-s‚- Kp-cp-\m-Y≥ F-∂- I-hn-X- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- h-≈-tØmƒ269.- -\-£-{X- B-a-Iƒ-°v- t]-cp-tI-´- tI-c-fØn-se- h-\-{]-tZ-iw-˛- Nn-∂m¿270.- -bp.-F-≥.-]-Xm-I-bp-sS- \n-dw-˛- \o-e271.- -t]¿-jyC-t∏mƒ- G-Xv- t]-cn-em-WvA-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- C-dm-≥ 272.- C - ¥ - y-≥ Im-em-hÿ m- im-kv{- X-im-Jb - psS- ]n-Xm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- tUm.]n.-B¿.-]n-jm-c-Sn273.- {- io-cm-aI - r-jvW - a - n-js - ‚- B-ÿm-\a - m-bt_-eq¿- G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-˛- ]›n-a- _w-Kmƒ274.- -C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚ n¬- ]-Øp-X-h-W_-Uv-P-‰v- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-≥ `m-Kyw- e`n-®- [-\-a-{¥n-˛- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn275.- -]-Wv-Un-‰v- l-cn-{]-km-Zv- Nu-c-ky-sb- {]i-kv-X-\m-°n-b-Xv-˛- ]p-√m-¶p-g¬276.- -`q-an-bp-sS- Np-‰-f-hv- B-Zy-am-bn- I-W-°m°n-b-Xv-˛- C-dm-tØm-kv-X-\o-kv277.- a - e - b - m-f` - m-jb - n-se- B-Zy-sØ- C-‚¿-s\‰v- km-ln-Xy- am-kn-I˛- - ]p-g- tUm-´v- tImw278.- -F-≥tUm-kƒ-^m-≥ H-cp- ............- B-Wv˛- Io-S-\m-in-\n279.- -]-£n-∏-\n-°v- Im-c-W-am-b- tcm-Km-Wp˛- F-®v- 5 F-≥ 1 280.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- C-t°m-Sq-dnkw- tI-{µw-˛- sX-∑-e281.- -ssl-{U-P-≥ B-‰-Øn¬- F-{X- C-e-Ivt{Sm-Wp-Iƒ- D-≠v-˛- 1 282.- -F-h-d-Ãv- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bp-sS- D-b-cw-˛- 8848 ao-‰¿283.- -C-¥y-≥ ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚]n-Xm-hv-˛- A-e-Iv-km-≠¿- I-Æn-Mv-lmw284.- -A-e-lm-_m-Zn-se,- s\-{lp-hn-s‚- Ip-Spw_-ho-Sn-s‚- t]-cv-˛- B-\-µ-`-h-\w285.- -F-hn-sS-sh-®m-Wv- s\-t∏m-fn-b-s\- {^©v- N-{I-h¿-Øn-bm-bn- hm-gn-®-Xv-˛- t\m{X-Zmw- I-Øo-{U-en¬-286.- -hy-Xy-kv-X- `q-]-S-ß-fp-sS- k-am-lm-cw-˛A-‰v-e-kv287.- -Sp-´-≥Jm-a-s‚- i-h-Ip-So-cw- G-Xv- cm-PyØm-Wv-˛- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv288.- -tI-c-fw- k-µ¿-in-®- d-jy-≥ k-©m-cn-˛A-X-t\-jy-kv- \n-In-Xn-≥ 289.- -h-c-bm-Sp-I-fp-sS- ho-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂tI-c-f-Øn-se- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w-˛- C-c-hnIp-fw-

]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥

290.- -G-‰-hpw- th-Kw- Iq-Sn-b- D-c-Kw-˛- C-Kzm-\291.- -kq-cy-\n¬- ]-Zm¿-Yw- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂A-h-ÿ-˛- πm-kv-a292.- -sh-≈-\n-dw- In-´m-≥ tN-tc-≠- \n-d-߃˛- \o-e,- Np-h-∏v,- ]-®293.- I - Ø - n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂- H-cp- _ƒ-_n-\pXm-sg- C-cn-°p-∂- H-cmƒ-°v- _ƒ-_n¬\n-∂p-≈- Nq-Sv- e-`n-°p-∂-Xv-˛- hn-In-c-Wwh-gn294.- -a-Iv-a-tlm-≥ tc-J- th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂- cmPy-߃-˛- C-¥y-bpw- ssN-\-bpw295.- C-¥y-≥ \yq-kv- t]-∏¿- Zn-\w-˛- P-\p-h-cn29 296.- -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- ssk-\yw- U-®p-Im-sctXm¬-]n-®- bp-≤w-˛- Ip-f-®¬- bp-≤w297.- -A-h-km-\-am-bn- C-¥y- hn-´p-t]m-b- hntZ-io-b¿- B-cv- ˛- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿298.- -Xm-jv-sI-‚ v- I-cm¿- B-scm-s°- X-Ωnem-Wv- H-∏n-´-Xv-˛- C-¥y-bpw- ]m-In-kv-Xm\pw299.- -Pm-en-b-≥hm-em-_m-Kv- Iq-´-s°m-e- \-S∂- \-K-cw-˛- A-ar-Xv-k¿300.- -Kw-K-bpw- b-ap-\-bpw- kw-K-an-°p-∂- ÿew-˛- A-e-l-_m-Zv301.- -C-¥y-≥ {]-kn-U-‚ v- A-[n-Im-c-ta¬-°ptºmƒ- k-Xy-hm-N-Iw- sNm-√n-s°m-Sp°p-∂-Xv-˛- kp-{]ow- tIm-S-Xn- No-^v- PÃn-kv302.- -hm-K-¨- {Sm-P-Un- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1921 303.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cp- kw-ÿm\-Øv- K-h¿-W¿- ]-Z-hn-bn-se-Øn-b- BZy- tI-c-fo-b- h-\n-X-˛- P-Ãn-kv- Fw.-F-

kv.-^m-Øn-am-_o-hn304.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- A-t‰m-an-Iv- ]h¿- tÃ-j-≥˛- Xm-cm-∏q¿305.- -C-¥y- B-Zy- B-W-h-]-co-£-Ww- \-SØn-b- Xo-b-Xn-˛- 1974 sa-bv- 18 306.- -km-aq-ln-I- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-\p-≈- a-Kv-ktk- A-hm¿-Uv- C-¥y-bn¬-\n-∂pw- BZy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- hn-t\m-_m-`m-sh(1958)307.- -`q-an-bp-sS- D-]-cn-X-e-hp-am-bn- tN¿-∂p-InS-°p-∂- A-¥-co-£-]m-fn-˛- t{Sm-t∏m-kv^n-b¿308.- -C-¥y-≥ _-ln-cm-Im-i- im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚]n-Xm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- hn-{Iwkm-cm-`m-bn309.- -lc - n-XK - r-l- {]-`m-hØ - n-\p- Im-cW - a - m-bhm-XI - w-˛I - m¿-_¨ - - U-tbm-Is v- sk-Uv310.- -1930,- 1931,- 1932 h¿-j-ß-fn¬- \-S-∂- aq∂v- h-´-ta-i- k-tΩ-f-\-ß-fn-epw- A-[kv-Yn-X-cp-sS- {]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn- ]-s¶-SpØ- tZ-io-b- t\-Xm-hv-˛-_n.-B¿.-Aw-t_Zv-I¿311.- -tI-c-f- Km-‘n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´- t\-Xm-hv˛- sI.-tI-f-∏-≥ 312.- -tI-c-f- kw-ÿm-\- a-en-\o-I-c-W- \n-b{¥-W- t_m¿-Uv- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- Pn-√˛- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw313.- -sX-∂m-en- cm-a-≥ B-cp-sS- k-Z-ky-\mbn-cp-∂p-˛- Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b¿-

2013 am¿-®v- 15

314.- -ho-´p-\n-Ip-Xn- \-ev-Ip-∂-Xn¬-\n-∂v- H-gnhm-°-s∏-´- hn-`m-Kw-˛- hn-ap-‡-`-S-≥ 315.- -F-≥.-F-≥.-]n-≈-bp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-bp-sSt]-sc-¥v-˛- Rm-≥ 316.- -th-ep-Ø-ºn- Z-f-h- {_n-´o-jp-Im¿-s°Xn-sc- \-bn-®- hn-π-hw- F-hn-sS- h-®m-bncp-∂p-˛- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿317.- -C-¥y-bn-se- {_n-´o-jv- `-c-Ww- F-{X- h¿jw- \o-≠p-\n-∂p-˛- 190 318.- -Ip-a-c-Iw- G-Xv- Im-b-en-s‚- Xo-c-Øm-Wv-

˛- th-º-\m-Sv319.- -tI-c-f-hpw- X-an-gv-\m-Sp-am-bn- X¿-°w- \ne-\n¬-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- Um-an-s\-s®m-√nbm-Wv-˛-ap-√-s∏-cn-bm¿320.- F - ¬.-]n.-Pn.-bn-se- {]-[m-\L - S- I - w-˛- _yqt´-≥ 321.- -C-‘-\-߃- A-]q¿-W-am-bn- Pz-en-°ptºmƒ- G-‰h - pw- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-≠m-Ip-∂- hmX-Iw-˛- Im¿-_¨ - - tam-tWm-Is v- sk-Uv322.- -1967˛¬- C-{k-tb-en¬- I-S-∂m-{I-a-Ww\-S-Øn- kn-\m-bv- Io-g-S-°n-b- cm-Pyw-˛Cu-Pn-]v-Xv323.- -H-cp- h¿-j-Øn¬- F-{X- Rm-‰p-th-e-bp≠v-˛- 27 324.- -tKmƒ-U-≥ tKƒ- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Imbn-I-Xm-cw-˛- ]n.-Sn.-D-j325.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- a-e-Iƒ- C-√m-Ø- Pn-√-˛B-e-∏p-g326.- -am-b-∂q¿- ]m-ew- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-sX√mw- Pn-√-I-sf-Ø-Ωn-em-Wv- _-‘n-∏n°p-∂-Xv-˛- Xr-»q-cpw- ]m-e-°m-Spw- temI-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- A-cn- D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- cm-Pyw-˛- ssN-\327.- -tI-c-f- hym-k-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- sIm≠-Sp-ß-√q¿- Ip-™n-°p-´-≥ X-≠-ºp-cm≥ 328.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- t]m-fn-tbm- hnap-‡- Pn-√-˛- ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´329.- -]-fl-{io- \n-c-kn-®- a-e-bm-fn-˛- sI.-tIf-∏-≥ 330.- -tem-Iv-k-`-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- {]Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hv-˛- tkm-Wn-bm- Km-‘n331.- -Zm-Zm- km-tl-_v- ^m¬-s°- A-hm¿-Uvt\-Sn-b- hn.-sI.-aq¿-Øn- G-Xv- ta-J-e-bnem-Wv- {]-i-kv-X-≥˛- Om-bm-{K-l-Ww332.- -B¿-´n-Iv- ]-cy-th-j-W-Øn-\v- Xn-c-s™Sp-°-s∏-´- G-gw-K- kw-L-Øn-s‚- X-eh-\m-bn- \n-b-an-X-\m-b- a-e-bm-fn-˛- tUm.ap-l-Ω-Zv- lm-Ø333.- -C-µn-cm- B-hm-kv- tbm-P-\- G-Xp-am-bn_-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛- ]m¿-∏n-Sw334.- -A¿-Pp-\- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- a-ebm-fn-˛- kn.-_m-e-Ir-jv-W-≥ 335.- -D-d-ßp-∂- H-cm-fp-sS- c-‡- k-Ω¿-±w-˛- Ipd-bp-∂p336.- -tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tX-°p-tXm´w- 1842˛¬- {_n-´o-jp-Im¿- B-cw-`n-®ÿ-ew-˛- \n-e-ºq¿337.- -P-hm-l¿- tdm-kv-Km¿- tbm-P-\- B-cw-`n®-Xv-˛- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n338.- -tZ-io-b- {Km-a-hn-I-k-\- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Fhn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv339.- -H-cp- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\- \n-b-aw-

2013 am¿-®v- 15

F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- `-c-W-L-S-\340.- -h-tµ-am-X-cw- F-∂- {]m¿-Y-\m- Km-\w- cNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂- `m-j-˛- kw-kv-Ir-Xw341.- A - I - v_ - d - p-sS- i-hI - p-So-cw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv˛- kn-°-{µ342.- -H-cp- H-®n-\v- F-{X- Im-ep-I-fp-≠v-˛- H-∂v343.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- C-¥y-≥ No^v- P-Ãn-km-bn- Xp-S-cm-≥ `m-Kyw-e-`n-®No-^v- P-Ãn-kv-˛- ssh.-hn.-N-{µ-Nq-Uv344.- t- km-Wn- G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- C-eI - vt- {Sm-WnIv- D¬-]-∂- cw-K-sØ- I-º-\n-bm-Wv-˛P-∏m-≥ 345.- -X-]m¬- Ãm-ºn¬- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´- B-Zyhy-‡n-˛- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b- cm-⁄n346.- -]p-I-g-sb-¥n- F-∂- t]-cn¬- kw-Ko-Xtem-I-Øv- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- th-e-∏-≥ \m-b¿347.- -tI-c-f- s\-√p- K-th-j-W- tI-\v-{Zw- ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂- ÿ-ew-˛- ]-´m-ºn348.- -s_¿-ap-U- {S-bmw-Knƒ- G-Xv- k-ap-{Z-Ønem-Wv-˛-A-Xv-em-‚ n-Iv- k-ap-{Zw349.- -G-Xv- I-em-cq-]-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- I-Y-Ifn- cq-]w- sIm-≠-Xv-˛- cm-a-\m-´w350.- -{]-`m-X- im-¥-X-bp-sS- \m-Sv- F-∂-dn-bs∏-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw-˛- sIm-dn-b351.- k - l - ym-{Zn-sb-∂- t]-cn-epw- A-dn-b≠ - s - ∏Sp-∂-Xv-˛- ]-›n-a-L-´w352.- -G-Xp- tc-J-bv-°-∏p-d-Øm-Wv- a-™v- Dcp-Im-Ø-Xv-˛- kv-t\m-sse-≥ 353.- -Kn¿- h-\w- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-˛- KpP-dm-Øv354.- -`q-an-bp-sS- D-≈n¬-\n-∂pw- H-cp- Zzm-c-Øneq-sS- Nq-Sp-sh-≈w- {]-h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-s‚t]-cv-˛- Ko-k¿355.- b - q-Wn-th-gvk - ¬- A-U¬-‰v- {^m-ss©-knbn-eq-sS- (km¿-h-{Xn-I- {]m-b-]q¿-Ønthm-´-h-Im-iw-)- D-d-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- cmjv-{So-b- kzm-X-{¥yw356.- -C-¥y-bn¬- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-ß-fp-sS- c£m-[n-Im-cn-˛- Pp-Uo-jy-dn357.- -tIym-t´m- t{]m-t´m-t°mƒ- F-¥p-am-bn_-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛- Im-em-h-ÿm- hyXn-bm-\w358.- -im-¥-am-b-Xv- F-∂v- t]-cn-\¿-ap-≈- kap-{Zw-˛- ]-k-^n-Iv359.- t- Im-iØ - n-se- P-\‰ - n-Iv- sa-‰o-cn-b¬-˛- UnF-≥F360.- -B-Zy-am-bn- lr-Z-bw- am-‰n-h-bv-°¬- ikv-{X-{In-b- \-S-Øn-b- tUm-Iv-S¿-˛- {Inkv-Xy-≥ s_¿-Wm-Uv361.- -c-_o-{µ-\m-Yv- Sm-tKm¿- {]-ho-W-\m-bn-cp∂- ssh-Zy-im-kv-{X-ta-J-e-˛- tlm-an-tbm∏-Xn362.- -2011˛¬- ÿm-\-{`-jv-S-\m-°-s∏-´- Cu-Pn]v-jy-≥ {]-kn-U-‚ v-˛- tlm-kv-\n- ap-_md-Iv363.- -2007se- ⁄m-\-]o-T-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b- ae-bm-f- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥˛-H-F-≥hn- Ipdp-∏v-

364.- -tZ-io-tbm-Zv-{K-Y-\-Øn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- {][m-\- k-hn-ti-j-X-˛- sF-Iyw365.- -F-≥kn-U-_v-fyp-hn-s‚- ]q¿-W-cq-]w-˛\m-j-W¬- I-Ωn-j-≥ t^m¿- hn-a-≥ 366.- -sk¿-h-‚ v-kv- Hm-^v- C-¥y- F-∂- kwL-S-\- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-˛- tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-WtKm-J-se367.- -ssh-°w- ho-c¿- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- C.hn.-cm-a-kzm-an- \m-bv-°¿368.- b - p.-]n.-Fk - v.k - n.-sN-b¿-am-s\- \n-ba - n-°p∂-Xm-cv-˛- {]-kn-U-‚ v369.- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- I¿-j¿-°m-bn- tIc-f- k¿-°m¿- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®- s]-≥j-≥ ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- t]-cv-˛- In-km-≥ A-`n-am-≥ 370.- -sF.-B¿.-Un.-]n.-bp-sS- ]q¿-W-cq-]w-˛- C‚-t{K-‰-Uv- dq-d¬- sU-h-e-]v-sa-‚ v- t{]m{Kmw371.- `- u-aZ- n-\a- m-bn- B-Nc - n-°p-∂X - ˛-v - G-{]n¬- 22 372.- -t]ƒ- ^n-jnw-Kv- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- sN-øp-∂sX-hn-sS-˛- Kƒ-^v- Hm-^v- am-∂m¿373.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- aq-ey-h¿-[n-X- \n-Ip-Xn- \nb-aw- \-S-∏n¬-h-∂-Xv- F-∂v-˛- 2005 G{]n¬- 1 374.- -kv-t{Sm-_n-em-¥-kv- Ip-¥n-bm-\- F-¥n-

h-cn- 11)392.- -\m-´p-cm-Py-ß-fp-sS- kw-tbm-P-\-Øn-\vt\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv-˛- k¿-Zm¿- ]-t´¬393.- -`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- G-Xv- t`-Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS-bm-Wv- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- 33%- kw-h-c-Ww{]m-tZ-in-I- kz-bw-`-c-W- ÿm-]-\-ßfn¬- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-˛- 73,-74 394.- -tZ-io-b- ]-´n-I-Pm-Xn- ]-´n-I- h¿-K- I-Ωoj-≥ cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®-Xv-˛- 1992 395.- -A-¥¿-tZ-io-b- `-£-W-am-bn- Aw-Ko-Icn-®- `-£-W-]-Zm¿-Yw-˛- Im-t_-Pv396.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- 1896˛¬- \-S-∂- Cu-g-h-satΩm-dn-b¬- {]-t£m-`-Øn-s‚- \m-b-I\m-cv-˛- tUm.-]¬-]p397.- -e-th-gv-kv- B-∏nƒ- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv˛- X-°m-fn398.- -H-cp- C-∂n-Mv-kn¬- 400 d-¨-kv- t\-Sn-bI-fn-°m-c-≥˛- {_bm≥- em-d399.- -C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v- kp-h¿-W- Pq-_nen- B-tLm-jn-®- h¿-jw- ˛- 2002 400.- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- kn-\nam- Xn-tb-‰¿- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-Xv-˛- \yqtbm¿-°v401.- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- sd-bn¬th- tÃ-j-≥˛- \yq-tbm¿-°v- sk-≥{S¬sS¿-an-\¬402.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\y-Po--hn-kt¶-Xw-˛- tX-°-Sn403.- -h-\-kv-]-Xn- D-≠m-°m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂- aq-e-Iw-˛- ssl-{U-P-≥ 404.- -ku-Øv- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- cm-Py-ß-fp-sSF-Æw- ˛-12 405.- -G-Xv- tcm-Kw- _m-[n-®m-Wv- Iq-Sp-X¬- Ip´n-Iƒ- a-cn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- \yq-tam-Wn-b406.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- So- ayq-kn-bw-˛aq-∂m¿- tI-c-f- So- ayq-kn-bw407.- -ln-‰v-e-dp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\w- ˛- 20.-4.-1889 408.- -km-lm- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- \yq-¢n-b¿^n-kn-Iv-kn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-˛- I¬-°-´409.- -tI-{µ-`-c-W-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬- ap-Jy-a-{¥nsb- \n-b-an-°p-∂-Xm-cv-˛- e-^v.- K-h¿-W¿410.- -tem-I-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- A-[n-Iw- Im-Ws∏-Sp-∂- [m-Xp- G-Xv-˛- Izm¿-Sv-kv411.- -C - ‚ ¿- s \- ‰ v - h- g n- B- Z y- a m- b n- Xn- c s™- S p- ∏ v - \- S - Ø - s ∏- ´ - cm- P yw- ˛ - FtÃm- W n- b 412.- "A-Ω'-- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv-˛- am-Iv-knw- tKm¿-°n413.- -tem-I- hn-[-hm-Zn-\w-˛- Pq-¨- 23 414.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn-s‚- F-{Xi-X-am-\-am-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn-\p-≈-Xv-˛- 1.-03 415.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- tImtf-Pv- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv-˛- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pc-Øv416.- -F-s‚- Po-hn-X-I-Y- B-cp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-

s‚- im-kv{- X-\m-aa - m-Wv˛- - \o-e° - p-dn-™n375.- -sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-`-bp-sS- a-\p-jym-h-Imi- I-Ωn-‰n-bp-sS- sN-b¿-am-\m-b- B-ZyC-¥y-°m-c-≥˛- ]n.-F-≥.-`-K-h-Xn376.- -A-¥m-cm-jv-{S- ]¿-h-X- Zn-\w-˛- Un-kw_¿- 11 377.- -tIm-\m¿- \-Zn- D¬-`-hn-°p-∂- cm-Pyw-˛A-^v-Km-\n-ÿm-≥ 378.- -ku-c-bq-Y-Øn¬- sIm-Sp-¶m-‰p-ho-im-ØG-I- {K-lw-˛- _p-[-≥ 379.- -1857se- I-em-]w- s]m-´n-∏p-d-s∏-´- ÿew-˛380.- -Pnw- tIm¿-_-‰v- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°v- GXv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-˛- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Uv381.- -Xm-Pv-a-l¬- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-˛D-Ø¿-{]-tZ-iv382.- -lp-•n- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øv- tI-{µo-I-cn-®ncn-°p-∂- {]-[m-\- hy-h-km-bw-˛- N-Ww383.- -tem-I- h-\-Zn-\w-˛- am¿-®v- 21 384.- -Kp-P-dm-Øn-se- tkm-a-\m-Y-t£-{Xw- apl-Ω-Zv- K-kv-\n- B-{I-an-®- h¿-jw- ˛-F.Un.-1025 385.- s - Im-´m-cØ - n¬- ]m-´pw- \r-Øh - pw- \n-tcm[n-®- ap-Kƒ- N-{I-h¿-Øn- ˛-Hu-dw-K-ko_v386.- -_p-≤n-am-\m-b- hn-Uv-Vn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-˛- ap-l-Ω-Zv- _n-≥ Xp-•Iv387.- -C-¥y-≥ `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- in¬-]n-˛tUm.- _n.-B¿.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿388.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- hn-tZ-i-\-b-Øn-s‚- A-Snÿm-\- X-Øzw-˛- tN-cn-tN-cm-\-bw389.- -B-kq-{X-W- I-Ωn-j-s‚- A-[y-£-≥˛{]-[m-\-a-{¥n390.- -G-Xp- ar-K-Øn-s‚- kw-c-£-W-Øn-\mbm-Wv-˛- F.-sI.-Pn.Wv- C-c-hn-Ip-fw- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w- {]-kn≤w-˛- \o-e-Kn-cn- Xm¿- A-Y-hm- h-c-bm-Sv- 417.- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- N-W-an¬- ÿm-]n®- ÿ-ew-˛-dn-jv-d391.- -th-ep-Ø-ºn-bp-sS- Ip-≠-d- hn-fw-_-cwG-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1809 (P-\p- 418.- -A-\m-Y-Xz-am-Wv- G-‰-hpw- am-c-I-am-b-

]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥

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431.- -tem-I-I-∏v- {]-h-N-\-Øn-eq-sS- {]-i-kvXn- t\-Sn-b- \o-cm-fn-˛- t]mƒ432.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- H-fn-ºy-≥˛kn.-sI.-e-£v-a-W-≥ 433.- -Hm-kv-I¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- \¬-Ip-∂in¬-]-Øn-s‚- `m-cw- ˛- F-´-c- ]u-≠v434.- Nn-°p-≥ Kp-\n-b- ]-c-Øp-∂-Xv-˛- Cu-Unkv- sIm-Xp-Ip-Iƒ435.- -A-en-]-∂n-∏-\n-°v- Im-c-W-am-b- ssh-dkv- ˛- F-®v- 2 F-≥ 2 436.- -G-‰-hpw- kp-c-£n-X-hpw- sN-e-hp- Ip-d™-Xp-am-b- ]m-c-º-tcy-X-c- Du¿-Pw-˛ku-tcm¿-Pw437.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- [m-\y-°-e-h-d-˛- ]-©m-_v438.- -G-jy-bn¬- l-cn-X-hn-π-h-Øn-\p- Xp-S°w- Ip-dn-®- cm-Pyw-˛- ^n-en-ss∏-≥kv439.- -tem-Iv-k-`m- kv-]o-°-dm-b- B-Zy- h-\nX-˛- ao-cm-Ip-am¿440.- A-Iv_ - ¿- t{]m¬-km-ln-∏n-®,- Kzm-fn-tbmdn-se- kw-Ko-X-⁄-≥˛- Xm-≥sk-≥ 441.- C - ¥ - y-bp-sS- c-Xv\ - w- F-∂v- P-hm-l¿-em¬s\-{lp-hn-ti-jn-∏n-®- kw-ÿm-\w-˛- a-Wn∏q¿442.- -Pm-en-b-≥hm-em-_m-Kv- Iq-´-s°m-e- \-S∂- Xo-b-Xn- ˛- 1919 G-{]n¬- 13 443.- -c-≠mw- ]-©-h¬-k-c-]-≤-Xn- F-¥n-\mWp- {]m-[m-\yw- \¬-In-b-Xv-˛- hy-h-kmbw444.- -C-¥y-≥ `-c-W-L-S-\- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- Xob-Xn-˛- 1950 P-\p-h-cn- 26 445.- -P-Ωp- I-iv-ao-cn-\v- {]-tXy-I- ]-Z-hn- \¬Ip-∂- `-c-W-L-S-\m- h-Ip-∏v-˛- 370 446.- -F-√m-h¿-°pw- sX-‰p- ]-‰m-dp-≠v. F-

tcm-K-am-Wv- F-∂v- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- aZ¿- sX-tc-k419.- X-hm-Mv- _p-≤-hn-lm-cw- G-Xv- kw-ÿm\-Øm-Wv-˛- A-cp-Wm-N¬- {]-tZ-iv420.- -kn-tbm-Wn-kw- G-Xv- a-X-°m-cp-sS- {]ÿm-\-am-Wv-˛- Pq-X¿421.- -sse-^v- Un-ssh-≥ c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- A-c-hn-µtLm-jv422.- -F-√m- Po-e-Pm-e-ß-tfm-Spw- B-Z-cw- ]pe¿-Øp-I-bpw- H-∂n-t\-bpw- ap-dn-th¬-∏n°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- `m-c-Xo-bB-Nm-c-Øn-s‚- t]-cv-˛- A-lnw-k423.- -{In-kv-Xp-a-kv- Zzo-]v- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚A-[o-\-X-bn-em-Wv-˛- Hm-kv-t{S-en-b424.- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-I- k-Po-h- A-·n- ]¿-hXw-˛- _m-c-≥ 425.- -C-¥y-bn¬- ]-©m-b-Øv- cm-Pv- kw-hn-[m\w- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1959 426.- -G-Xv- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬-s∏-´-h-sc-bm-Wv- ePn-t…-‰o-hv- Iu-¨-kn-te-°v- \m-a-\n¿-t±iw- sN-øm-≥ K-h¿-W¿-°v- A-[n-Im-cap-≈-Xv-˛- Bw-t•m- C-¥y-≥ 427.- -F-∂m-Wv- bp.-F-≥.- P-\-d¬- A-kw-ªnB-tKm-f- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- {]-Jym-]-\w\-S-Øn-b-Xv- ˛- 1948 Un-kw-_¿- 10 auen-Im-h-Im-i-߃-°v- A-Sn-ÿm-\w-˛- Ata-cn-°-≥ `-c-W-L-S-\428.- ] - m¿-Yn-t\m-¨- t£-{Xw- G-Xv- cm-Py-ØmWv-˛- {Ko-kv429.- -Nq-Sp- X-´p-tºmƒ- H-cp- ]-Zm¿-Y-Øn-se∂m¬- _p-≤n-am-≥am¿- am-{Xw- A-h-cpH-cp- X-∑m-{X-bn¬-\n-∂v- a-s‰m-cp- X-∑msS- sX-‰n¬-\n-∂v- ]m-Tw- ]-Tn-°p-∂p-˛-F{X-bn-te-°v- Xm-]w- ssI-am-‰w-sN-ø-s∏∂p- ]-d-™-Xv-˛-k¿- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬Sp-∂- co-Xn-˛- Nm-e-\w447.t _-\-ko¿- `q-t´m- h-[n-°-s∏-´-Xv-˛- 2007 430.- - C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-{K-kn-s‚Un-kw-_¿- 27 ÿm-]-I-≥˛- F.-H.-lyqw448.- -Iym-_n-\-‰v- kn-Ãw- B-cp-sS- kw-`m-h-\bm-Wv-˛- tdm-_¿-´v- hm¬-t]mƒ449.- -ln-_m-°p-j- F-∂- hm-°v- G-Xv- cm-PysØ- P-\-X-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p-˛- P-∏m-≥ 450.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- t]m-eo-kv- ta[m-hn-(sF.-Pn.-)-˛- N-{µ-ti-J-c-≥ \m-b¿451.- -sS-Ãv- {In-°-‰n¬- B-Zy-am-bn- 50 sk-©zdn- t\-Sn-b- {In-°‰ - ¿-˛- k-®n-≥ sS-≥Up¬°¿452.- {- ]-Xn-`m- ]m-´n¬- C-¥y-bp-sS- F-{X-as - Øcm-jv-{S-]-Xn-bm-Wv-˛- 12 453.- -N-µ-\-a-c-ß-fp-sS- \m-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se- ÿ-ew-˛- a-d-bq¿454.- -dn-k¿-hv- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- \n-e-hn¬h-∂-Xv-˛- 1935 455.- -tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- kw-ÿm-\- a-’yw- ˛- Icn-ao-≥ 456.- -H-fn-ºn-Iv-kn¬- hy-‡n-K-X- kz¿-Wwt\-Sn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-°m-c-≥˛- A-`n-\hv- `n-{µ457.- -A-cn-bp-sS- im-kv-{X-\m-aw-˛- H-ssd-k- kss‰-h-

16

458.- -F-{X- h¿-j-߃-°p- ap-ºm-Wv- a-\p-jy≥ kw-km-cn-°m-≥ B-cw-`n-®-Xv-˛- 60000 459.- -Im-\-U-bp-sS- am-Xr-`m-j- ˛- Cw-Kv-fo-jv460.- -bq-tdm-∏n-s‚- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- `m-j-˛- {^©v461.- t- ]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- `m-j- kw-km-cn-°p-∂- Bfp-Iƒ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- cm-Pyw-˛{_-ko¬462.- -tem-I-Øn-se- F-√m- `m-j-I-fn-te-°pwhn-h¿-Ø\ - w- sN-øs - ∏-´- hn-ip-≤- {K-Ÿw˛- ss_-_nƒ463.- -]n-F-®v-Un- _n-cp-Zw- t\-Sn-b- G-I- A-

475.- -hn-h-cm-h-Im-i- \n-b-a-{]-Im-cw- k-a¿-∏nt°- ≠ - A- t ]- £ - b n¬- ]- X n- t °- ≠ tIm¿-´v- ^o- Ãm-ºv- F-{X- cq-]-bp-sS-XmWv-˛- 10 cq-]476.- a - · - o-jyw- B-Zy-am-bn- th¿-Xn-cn-s®-Sp-Øim-kv-{X-⁄-≥˛- lw-{^n- tU-hn477.- -sIm-Xp-Iv- i-_-Zv-ap-≠m-°p-tºmƒ- I-º\w- sN-øp-∂- `m-Kw-˛- Nn-d-Iv478.- -hr-Øm-Im-c-am-b- ]m-X-bn-eq-sS-bp-≈- Ne-\w-˛- h¿-Øp-f- N-e-\w479.- -C-cp-´n-s\- i-]n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°m¬- \-√Xv- H-cp- sa-gp-Ip-Xn-cn-sb-¶n-epw- sX-fn-bn°p-∂-Xm-Wv-˛- Cu- k-tµ-iw- B-]v-X-hmIy-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂- kw-L-S-\˛- Bw-\-Ãn- C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬480.- -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- N-cn-{X-Øn-se- G-‰-hpwi-‡-am-b- cm-jv-{So-b- {]-t£m-`w-˛- \nh¿-Ø-\- {]-t£m-`w481.- -ap-Jy- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏p- I-Ωn-j-W-dm-b- ae-bm-fn-˛- Sn.-F-≥.-ti-j-≥ 482.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- en-an-‰-Uv- Iº-\n-˛- ]p-\-eq¿- t]-∏¿- an¬483.- -ap-Jy-a-{¥n- ]-Zw- h-ln-®- B-Zy- Z-fn-Xvh-\n-X-˛- am-bm-h-Xn484.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- K-h¿W¿- tPym-Xn- sh-¶n-Sm-N-ew485.- -ap-´-bn-Sp-∂- k-kv-X-\w-˛- πm-‰n-∏-kv486.- -hy-‡n- k-Xym-{K-l-Øn-\p- Xp-S-°w- Ipdn-®v- B-Zy-am-bn- A-dà - n-em-bX - v˛- - hn-t\mta-cn-°-≥ {]-kn-U-‚ v-˛- hp-Uv-tdm- hn¬_m-`m-shk-¨487.- a - p-dn-bp-sS- Xm-]\ - n-eb - n¬- {Zm-hI - m-hÿ 464.- P - n-Ωn- tPm¿-Pv- C-≥tUm¿- tÃ-Un-bw- Fbn-en-cn-°p-∂- tem-lw-˛- sa¿-°p-dnhn-sS- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂p-˛- Xn-cp-h-\-¥- 488.- -hym-h-km-bn-I- hn-π-h-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv]p-cw465.- -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- km-ln-Xyayq-kn-bw- F-hn-sS- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p-˛Xn-cq¿466.- -D-dpw-_w-_- F-∂- t]-cv- F-¥p-am-bn- _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-˛- \-Zn467.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sS-Iv-t\m-]m¿°v- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´- ÿ-ew-˛- Im-cy-h-´w(Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-)468.- -hn-hn-[- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-se- {]-[m-\- \K-c-ß-sf- X-Ωn¬- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂- tdmUp-I-sf- hn-fn-°p-∂- t]-cv-˛- \m-j-W¬ssl-th469.- - t lm¿- t am- W p- I - s f- h- l n- ® p- s Im- ≠ v t]m-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- c-‡w470.- -A¬- P-ko-d- sS-en-hn-j-≥ Nm-\-en-s‚B-ÿm-\w-˛- J-Ø¿471.- -]-flm-h-Xv- B-cp-sS- c-N-\-bm-Wv-˛- amen-Iv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- P-bv-knF-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- sP-bnw-kv- hm-´v472.- -tZ-io-b- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- I-Ωn-j-s‚- {]- 489.- -A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS- 35a-sØ- {]-kn-U-‚ v-˛tPm-¨- F-^v.- sI-∂-Un490.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- Nm≥k-e¿-˛- tPym-Xn- sh-¶n-Sm-N-ew491.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- (C-¥y-bn-se-bpw-)- B-ZysØ- h-\n-Xm- t]m-eo-kv- tÃ-j-≥˛- tImgn-t°m-Sv492.- -sP-kn- Hm-h-≥kv- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- G-Xv- taJ-e-bn-em-Wv- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- kv-t]m¿-Svkv493.- -Po-h-Iw- F-®v-˛-s‚- cm-k-\m-aw-˛- _-tbm´n-≥ 494.- -tI-c-f- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- {]-hm-kn- Im-cy-hIp-∏n-s‚- t]-cv-˛- t\m¿-°495.- -tem-I- ssP-hs - sh-hn-[y- Zn-\w-˛- sa-bv- 22 496.- -{_n-´-Wn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- \o-Xn-]oTw-˛- kp-{]ow- tIm-S-Xn497.- -tI-c-f- {K-Ÿ-im-em- kw-L-Øn-s‚- Bÿm-\w-˛- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw498.- t- em-I- km-ºØ - n-I- t^m-dØ - n-s‚- ÿm]-I-≥˛- t¢m-kv- Fw- jzm-_vY-a- sN-b¿-am-≥˛-cw-K-\m-Yv- an-{i499.- -ap-√-∏q- hn-π-h-Øn-eq-sS- A-[n-Im-c- {`473.- -hn-th-Im-\-µ- km-ln-Xy- k¿-h-kz-Ønjv-S-\m-°-s∏-´- Sp-Wn-jy-≥ {]-kn-U-‚ v\v- A-hX - m-cn-I- F-gp-Xn-bX - v˛- - kn-ÿ- \n˛- ssk-\p¬- A-_n-Zn-≥ _n-≥ th-Zn-X500.- -tPm-k-^v- ap-≠-t»-cn-bp-sS- P-∑-ÿ-ew474.- -tZ-io-b- {Km-ao-W- sXm-gn-ep-d-∏v- ]-≤-Xn˛- I-≠-»mw-I-S-hvB-Zy-am-bn- \-S-∏m-°n-b-Xv- F-∂v-˛- 2006 501.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ssh-Zy-im-kvs^-{_p-h-cn- 2 {X- am-k-nI˛ [\z¥cn

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