18

      : !"#$%  &!''%  ! ()  )*1/  +' '1/   (cytogenetics) !"#"$%% % (chromosome) # !&' %*+,-".'/" 0  %/ . 3  &  43 79"3&'7 :7 ;;7 :74'3:7/<3 <+43= '0%% %    <+ 3 7 :7"'   -"*:7/"79" <%% % ' %% % & > =' & " :'  "7' :7 4 43 $ (Buettner6; Jones, 1994) - -;%%% % 43 % % 43"$E307% F (karyotype) (k Janusch, 1966; .=" "</<<++4" 4" (classification) (classification)  ""$E3 + -:* !0* =  =+ , 3" 3""< $E3EG7 " 4"'/* /* '' :' :' - :3 (family Hylobatidae) *" 4' ' .<34 34" 4"' %% % ' "" (Giessmann, (Giessmann, 2002) 2002) "<" "<";" 4  .="<+4" ! 4 ""  <+%% %  %*0%% %  %% %  L%/' %/'"".' .'/ /"  ++--&*&&* L '"" <7,9 07 :7 (  (   MM77 , 22546) 546) 4379"07 33  ""# #"$    0    &" ' :'  - 3   $  ;=="//**  &" (priimates) "7   ; (carnivores) (carnivorres) "='= (artiodactyls) (arrtiodactyls) NO43 43 (rodents) 43 "'   (primates) * (bats) --&* ' ;- / &*"  /43 O 43 <<<  "# #"$" $" "  "  ''" " '  >   "#"$* %/  %/ 3  3 / // ; 3""/* 77  (slow (slow loris) loris) 77 (macaques) (maccaques) ' (langurs) (langu 43:3   &&,' ,' 3"/* "#"$L' '  '' 77-- 3   3  /*/*4""'' 77" " 7"" 7  74 437 (gibbons) <""# * ;3#</='-" Macaca <+%% % '"  2n=42 %% % '" & "  "=' ; 44L04. 43= '  ' %% %    4"' "    Q "*  "<";%% % Q" !4& (ring X-chromosome) -7* ;3"/* (Kaensa, et al., 2006; Tanomtong et al., 2006b) '- 3   2 "   " Presbytis /*4"' '/+ 43" trachypithecus /*4"' '&" '4'.7 &  43'4'.7-* ''; 2 "  <+%% % '"   2n=44 437% F0; 2 " *#" 4"'"4 %% % (satellite chromosome) # "$E30% NU# (polymorphism) (:, 2551; 7, 2551) :3- 3   2 " :'"   " Hylobates /*4"' :3 0 :3 /+ 43:3 "V #; :7/ <+%% % '"  2n=44 4'  4"' 1/

M7::7 E37 &704"' <.04"'

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19

"07% F Q"* #% NU# 0%% % =' 8, 9 434  %% % '" Syndactylus /*4"'   (siamang) ' 7% F "7  2n=50 4' - 3 '     ;- U/ 0 0 7% FL7/ "7 %/  %% % =' 22 "7  1 4' ( 3E, 2550; Jantarat et al., 2008) '7 - 3   ' "/*    &  -  . "#"$ -"'   (wild cats) :3 / &Q (civets) &  (bears) 43&   (wild dogs) WW #"'  - 3  ;& / 9 :7/ "#"$ "" <+ 7 :7/ -"' ; <+%% % '"   2n=38 %/4    N  %' 43  / 7% F*#"4 *   %% % "' E =' '" '   \    434   %% % 4"'<"  "' 4" " ! %% % =' % % % =' E2 "7/""3" 3" PPericentric ericentric inversion "  D4 '%% % = % % ='  > = '' 4434. 34.**# #"" +&4  & &44 434  &7' '  ' " "0* 0* ==     ((779, 22541; 541; 7, 2550;) 2 -"' :3 /4L& " 

  ' Viverinae Viverinae /*4"' :3 :3 / &Q #4'" !  2 ""' //; ""' 44" /+ (2n=36) :3 / :Q 3 / :Q:/ (2n=38) (2n==38)) 443:3 /4L& * 3:3 /4L&& * ((2n=38) 2n=38) """ ' 

 ' Paradoxurinae P /*4"'  &Q&**00  (2n=40) (2n=40)  &&QQ00**  ((2n=42) 2n=42) &&  0 ((2n=42) 2n=42)) 443 3 &&QQ    ((2n=44) '  &"&07 / &07% F  F "" <+%% %  %% % ;44'' 22n=36 n=36 <<.# .#.# 4444 443-:7  %% % '"" 44''= '' 4434. 34. ' ' & & " " (Tanomtong (Tanomttong et al., 2005; .#4 *<3 <+%% % ' l.,, 22006a) 006a) +&&/* /*   0 "' &&  - 3   Tanomtong et alal.,  3-&  &  ## <+%% % ' %% % '0*0* " " 

 2n=74 2n=74 '&  & &  '  3 3 O ,&" ,&" 3   3 ;   (("/ "/ 443E3, 3E3, 22547) 547) --" " &  ' &  /*4""' &   43 & - '& 

&     <+ %% % %% % 22n=78 n=78 443  3  *  *#"& * (:, 2546) '"7  ;"'  > :'  & =&7 & &7   &Q;+ WW  '  "#"$   &  &!* "#"$ -"' "  (wild boar) "3< (mouse deer) " (deer)   (wild cattle) WW & = 0 3  <+%% % 2n=36 43   7% F"" ;' 7% F-"* " ";= ' 434. (Tanomtong et al., 2007) -"3<- 3  2 :7/   "3<&= 43"3<  ' <+%% % '"  2n=32 4'  4"'07% F  Q"*   %% % =' 8 %/"3<&= !:7/  7" '"3< !:7/3%  7" # "7/<""3" Pericentric inversion (Bunjongrat et al., 2007) "' " !"'    '-< " 3 <+%% % 4"'" "   2n=6-7 - "* / 2n=12-13

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- "*& * 2n=58 -3 43"  <.# 2n=68 -  ; #79"0%% % 0"' ; "7/<""3" Robertsonian translocation 43 tandem fusion "<";  L7/ "70%% % - "*;:7/ # 2n=9 - "* / L=* 43 2n=14 - "*& * L=* %/ L7/ "7; "7/<""3"4"&" (fission) 0%% % (79 , 2541;  , 2546; Tanomtong et al., 2005; Tanomtong et al., 2008b) -"'   /*4"' "37 434/ 7% F0"' ;   '4'  . "7/"</ -& ' (rearrangement) 0%% % /*' #7% F;*  2n=60 -"37 . 2n=56 - L=*43  43 2n=57 - L=*"/* # 2n=56 "7/<" Robertsonian fusion 0=' 1;29 43=' 2;28 '7% F 2n=57 0;" "7/ & "7% F4 2n=56 4'=' 1 43 29 " :  " '34' -4/' 2n=57 #;- L=* 43   # "7/<" /<" Robertsonian fusionn 00%% % = %% % '= 1;29 1;29 ;4' 43 4;28 4 4' / ( 43E3, 2546;;  Q Q,, 2550) 2550) ''-

-  "=  L 443"L- 3  '  ' 0* = =/* /*         ! ;= ="/*/*    <+:7 :7/ " "//- 3   &&!!! ! - 3 #  " !**"7 "7L * L * (megabats) (meggabats) 43* 43*"7 "74  4  (microbats) 3 E 120 :7/ 4'" ! 0:7/++-&* -&* 7 7% F  F0 "' ;  &"&  /*  &"&  <"  &"&0:7  " "' **"7 "7L * L * <+%% % %%% % 2n=26 2n=226 --* 0&=    "    '' *  * "7     "7 4 4' 4  4 ' " & " ! ! &   /+  <.#  2n=40 =440 -* - * 4 '  4 ' "'"'M "   //**4""''   EEmballonuridae, mballonuridae, M egadermattidae, RRhinolophidae, 0* =  Megadermatidae, ae, Ves spertilioonidae 443 3 M olossidae %%/' /' <+%% % * %% % /  Hipposideridae, Vespertilionidae Molossidae 2n=24 -*&% &%L' /- RRhinolophidae %L' ((Emballonura, Emballonura, EEmballonuridae) mballonuridae) 443 " 3 "/- # <+%% % 2n=62 Rhinopomatidae % % 2n=6 62 --" "** "  "V ((Rhinolophus) Rhinoloophus) ' Rh 43 Craseonycteridae  ' 0* =/*  (Harada et al., 1982; Harada et al., 1985a; Harada et al., 1985b; Bickham et al., 1986; Hood et al., 1988)   &  02 +'( 4'" ! 4 "'   &= "3" * 43 ' <+"&=- 3  .</<+4"/* 3 E 35 :7/ 43  <" !"'   O,&-"</<+4" "/ /;0* = <# !   +,-"</<+4""' ;/* %/'%% %  4 L " <+%% % */-&= 7 (Vandeleuria deracca, 2n=26) 43 <+ "/-&=N &  (Maxomys surifer, 2n=52) (   M7 , 2546; Lekagul and McNeely, 1988; Francis, 2008)  ' ' '-&,'4L  <+%% % 2n=66 ' '&- 3  ' 0* = 

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21

(Tanomtong et al., 2008) -"' "3" "#"$-"3<*# <+%% % 2n=38 (Tanomtong et al., 2008a) '"3":7/  > 43* ='-3&'"#"$  ;="/* "'  >  "#"$  :' :*  :#'  <+%% % 2n=56 "' "34 (tree shrews) #/*4"' "34 &  43"34-* ' 0* =7% F .+  !    3""<+4":7//*   "34 &  <+ %% % 2n=62 43"34-* <+%% % 2n=62 43"#"$ 0 '4* (colugo) ' <+%% % 2n=56  ;="/* - 3  '  "#"$ /*4"' /"74  (Insectivora) /"3'  (Logomorpha) /%  43€ (Cetacea) /3= (Sirenia) 43/" (Perissodactyla) (EG$. 2544; Parr, 2003; Nie et al., 2008) '"Q   <" 7 & 7 ;4' "     & 7 40;" % "*  437 4337 3& 3&L 44'' 7 7+,43 439" "   7"  %% % *  :' "* * 4 /  / 44344. 344..' > /* /*4"'"' 4. 4.4< 4. 4. 4 43 4.4  +&"# "#"$ $   0   ;=="/* -  - 3  7   - :* ''   "  " ! ! "  ""*   *   4  /     /  ''  "* "   *  4. 4 .   '    >    *   " "<"; "* "'' FFluorescence ** %% % /* %% % //* 7  7::;== " luorescence in situ " 0*=='33&' &'% % ((probe) probe) 443/ 3/ Q  (DNA) -&*&* ""77/" 0* Hybridization ((FISH) FISHH) 7 7;+-& „& #=M=' -%% % -%%% % % %-::** "77/" " (lebel) (lebel) //**    4 (fluorocein (flu &  fluorophore)  & * "<<3+  :': ;+ 77  && 

  00 4// * ! !* "< -&* &Q&4' 4'%%% % % % ++--&*&*/= && "3 "3%% % %% %% <#7 " 7 FISH "'&# 4'.7-* 43 &#' “chromosome “cchrom mosome painting” painting” ##-- 3    3  "# #"$-'4 ' "**  %% % % % 4' % 4' > ;  3%: 3%::' -"<  -  "<=%% % '%% % =' &  (homologous chromosome) :'< ""$E0%% % < L7/ "70 %% % <…7" 0%% % :'-"<+4"7 :7/*.="*70#; :' -""          (comparative cytogenetics)   :'  7   7  9 "07   : 7  /* /< !  0*  =   ;  G-""+  &/+  4&'  0   %% % (   M7, 2546; Rooney, 2001) #-<+ !* "#"$ 7 7 "" 0  ;="/* - 3 /* 7&"&43 "*&*70#;  -&*/*+ =E43.="* "70#;

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