nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-1–
nItiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit --------cab;taMgBIkare)aHeqñatsklEdlcat;EcgeLIgeday UNTAC )anknøgputeTA raCrdæaPi)al km<úCaEdlekIteLIg RtUvRbQmmuxCamYynwgbBaðaCaeRcInEdlRtUvedaHRsay TaMgbBaðaEdlbnþsl;BI sRgÁamGs;ry³eBlCag2TsvtSr_kIþ bBaðaEdlekIteLIgkñúgkMLúgeBle)aHeqñatkIþ bBaðaEdlCaesckIþRtUv karBIRbCaBlrdækIþ nigbBaðaEdlekIteLIgBIlkçNÐCMnYynigsklPavUbnIykmμkIþ. Gñkneya)ay Gñkc,ab; Gñkesdækic© GñkerobcMeKalneya)ayCati nigm©as;CMnYy )ancab;epþImeRbIBaküfIμCaeRcIn EdlCaBakü EbøkRtecoksMrab;GñkRsukTUeTAFmμta rYmmandUcCaBaküfa³ tmøaPaB/ GPi)alkic©l¥/ yutiþFm’sgÁm nignItirdæCaedIm. ´eCOfa RbCaBlrdæPaKeRcInGacminyl;fa BaküTaMgenHmann½yc,as;las;y:agNaeT fIVt,itEteBlxøH RbCaBlrdæTaMgenaH RtUveRbIBaküTaMgenaHedayecosmin)ankIþ. mUlniFixunr:adGadin eNAG‘ar EdlCam©as;CMnYyCacm,gmYyrbs;GgÁkarBuT§sasnaedIm,IGPivDÆn_ )ancab;GarmμN_elIBakü Rule of Law ¬EdlERbCaExμrfa nitirdæ ehIyEdl´sUmERbfa nitiPi)al vij¦ enAkm<úCaenHCaxøaMg ehIy)ansuM[ ´beBa©jeyabl;GMBIBaküenH edaykarbeBa©jeyabl;rbs;´kñúgGtßbTenH Caeyabl;pÞal;xøÜn nigmin tMNag[GgÁkarBuT§sasnaedIm,IGPivDÆn_eLIy. GtßbTenH EpñkTI1)anepþateTAelIkarpþl;BaküERbfμInigehtuplmYycMnYn EdlnaM[mankarbegáIt BaküfμIenH. EpñkTI2 ´BüayamBiPakSaelIkaryl;dwgGMBIBakü nitiPi)al TaMgenAkñúgTsSnaTanEbbbs©wm RbeTs nigbUB’aRbeTs CaBiessEdlmanenAkñúgBuT§sasna. edayehtufa nitiPi)al mankarTak;TgeTA nwgc,ab;CaeKalbzmenaH karyl;dwgxøH²GMBIc,ab;k¾RtUv)anelIk ykmkGFib,ayEdrkñúgEpñkTI3 CaBiess etIc,ab;rebobNaeTIbGacRKb;RKgrdæ[enAeRkamkarbgÁab;bBa¢a)an. enAkñúgEpñkTI4 ´niyayGMBIkarvivtþn_ nigGPivDÆn_rbs;nitiPi)al edayP¢ab;eTAnwglkç½NÐ4y:ag KWlkç½NÐesdækic© karsikSa karKIt nigeBlevla. enAEpñkTI5EdlCaEpñkbBa©b; KWCakarP¢ab;rvagesckþIR)afña[mannitiPi)al kargarEdlRtUveFVI nigkarBitEdl kMBugman nigEdlnwgGacekIteLIg)anénnitiPi)alenAkm<úCa. ´BüayameFVI[GtßbTenHmanlkçN³CakarRsavRCav Etk¾Kg;eCosminputBIkarbeBa©jmtipÞal; xøÜnxøHelIRbFanbTenH CaBiessTak;TgeTAnwgvtþmannigkarrIkcMerInénnitiPi)alenAkm<úCa EdlCaEdn kMeNItrbs;´ eTAtamGVIEdlTsSnvis½yrbs;´GacnwgRbRBwtþeTA)an. dUecñH Rbtikmμrbs;GñkGanEdlmin yl;dUcKñanwg´ nwgeFVI[´)annUvGnusasn_GMBIGñkGanCaminxan. FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-2–
eday´manGtItPaBCabBVCitkñúgBuT§sasna karelIkeLIgnUvRbPBcMeNHdwgGMBInitiPi)alEdl manenAkñúgKm
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-3–
, nItirdæ/ nItiPi)al ExμreyIgERbBakü Rule of Law EdlCaPasaGg;eKøsenHfa {nitirdæ} EtkñúgTIenH ´sUmERb eTACa {nItiPi)al} vij eRBaHfa³ 1> tamBüBa¢n³n½y Baküfa Rule ERbfa karRKb;RKg ¬CaPasaExμr¦ b¤ GPi)al ¬CaPasa)alI¦ 2> tamBüBa¢n³n½y Baküfa Law KW c,ab; ¬CaPasaExμr¦ b¤ nIti ¬CaPasa)alI¦ 3> sMrab;GñkEdlcg;eRbobeFobPasaExμr nigPasaGg;eKøs nwgmancm¶l;fa etIBakü { rdæ } ERbmkBI BaküGIV eRBaHPasaGg;eKøsBMumanBaküfa ”State” EdlesμInwgBaküExμrfa rdæ enHesaH. EtsMrab; PasaGaLWm:g; Baküfa Rechtsstaat Edlmann½yRbhak;RbEhlnwgBakü Rule of Law EdrenaH GacnwgERbCaPasaExμredayRtg;)anfa nitirdæ eRBaH Staat enHERbfardæ É Rechts enHERbfa c,ab;. dUecñHkñúgTIenH ´nwgeRbIBaküfa nItiPi)al sMrab;Baküfa Rule of Law kñúgPasaGg;eKøsvij eday ERb[cMCaBaküExμrfa { karRKb;RKgrbs;c,ab; } . I- RULE OF LAW
karkMNt;n½yelIBakünItiPi)al TsSnaTanénbs©wmRbeTs nItiPi)al KWCaTsSnaTan (Concept) nigCaeKalkarN_ (Principle) Edln½yrbs;BaküenH min GackMNt;)anedayc,as;las; b¤enAkñúgRBMEdnénBüBa¢n³n½yeT KWCaGtßn½y. nItiPi)alénRbeTsGg;eKøs minR)akdfadUcKñaeTAnwgnItiPi)alénshrdæGaemrikeT ehIyk¾minR)akdCaGacykmk[Blrdækm<úCayl; fa nItiPi)al b¤ Rule of Law enH RtUvEtmann½ydUecñH b¤k¾RtUvykmkGnuvtþy:agenHEdr. edaygayyl; eTaHbICaExμr nig)araMg¬bs©wmRbeTs¦ CamnusSCatidUcKñak¾eday k¾PUmisaRsþ vb,Fm’ cMeNHdwg nigGahar ¬)ay - nMbu½g¦ minGaceFIV[nitiPi)alénRbeTsTaMgBIrenH dUcKña 100° )aneLIy. kñúgn½yCaTUeTA nitiPi)al KWCaeKalkarN_esIñeLIg kñúgeKalbMNgeFIVeGayTMnak;TMngrvagGñkdwk naM¬rdæaPi)al¦ nigGñkRtUveKdwknaM¬RbCaBlrdæ¦ manPaBRbesIreLIg edayQrenAelIbnÞat;(Rule) EtmYy nigsißtenAeRkamGMNacRKb;RKg(Rule) rbs;c,ab;EtmYydUcKña ehIyPaKITaMgBIr Kb,ImanRbPBecjmkBI mUldæanmnusSdUcKña KWmñak;²mansiTi§CamnusSdUcKña manesrIPaBdUcKña nigsßitenAeRkamc,ab;FmμCati 3y:ag dUcKña KW³ ekIt cas; søab; . II-
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-4–
Baküfa { karEdlsißtenAelIbnÞat;EtmYy } KWCasmμtikmμFmμCatirbs;mnusSRKb;rUbEdlekIt mkBIépÞmatadUcKña dUecñHKb,ImansiTi§esrIPaBdUcKñaTaMgGs; minfaCnCatiNaCaCnCatiNaeT. {karEdl sißtenAeRkamGMNacRKb;RKgrbs;c,ab;EtmYydUcKña } KWCasMeNI¬edaymanmUldæanelI {karEdlsißtenA elIbnÞat;EtmYy }¦ sgÁmEdlEp¥kelIKMehIjBitEdlfa rdæEdlkan;kab;edayrdæaPi)alenaH EtgeRbIR)as; GMNacrbs;xøÜnrMelaPelIRBMEdnsiTi§ nigesrIPaBrbs;BlrdæxøÜn edaykarGHGagfa { GjKWCardæ 1}. sMeNIsgÁmenH KWcg;eGayrdæaPi)al¬eTaHbICaxøÜnmanGMNacRKb;RKgRbCaBlrdæ nigGaceFIVGIVk¾)ankIþ¦ yk GMNacRbtibtiþrbs;xøÜnenaHeTAsißitenAeRkamGMNacrbs;c,ab; dUcCaRbCaBlrdæTUeTApgEdr. dUecñH KnøwH sMxan;rbs;nitiPi)al KWkarkMNt;GMNacrbs;rdæaPi)aleGaysißtenAeRkamkarRKb;RKg¬GMNac¦ rbs;c,ab; nigKWCakarBüayamedIm,IkarBarsiTi§nigesrIPaBrbs;Blrdæ [putGMBIkarrMelaPbMBanénkareRbIGMNacrbs; rdæaPi)al. enAkñúgExmkraqñaM1959 mhasnñi)atmYymaneQμaHfa “nitiPi)alkñúgsgÁmesrI2”Edl)aneFVI eLIgenATIRkugnIvEdløIénRbeTs\NÐa nigmanGñkcUlrYmRbmaN 185nak; EdlsuT§EtCaecARkm emFavI nig sa®sþacarüc,ab;mkBI52RbeTs )aneFVIesckþIEføgkarN_mYyEdlmaneQμaHfa “esckþIEføgkarTIRkugnIv EdløI” Tak;TgedayRtg;CamYynwgBaküfanitiPi)alenHfa³ “mhasnñi)atEdløI )anbegáIteLIgnUvFatud¾mansar³sMxan;cMnYn3 enAkñúgTsSnaTannitiPi)al. TI1 KWbuKÁl mñak;² manCab;CamYynwgxøÜnnUvsiT§i nigesrIPaBmYycMnYn EdltRmUv[buKÁlenaH)anTTYlnUvkarKaMBarnUvsiT§i nigesrI PaBenaHBIrdæ. TI2 manesckþIRtUvkarEdlxanmin)ankñúgkar[mannUvRbB½n§tulakarÉkraCü nigGñkc,ab;ÉkraCü k¾dUc Caynþkard¾man®bsiT§iPaBsMrab;karBarsiT§inigesrIPaBCamUldæan. TI3 karbegáIteLIgnUvlkç½NÐvb,Fm’ esdækic© nig sgÁm nigGnuBaØatmnusSTaMgLay[rs;enARbkbedayPaBéføfñÚr nigGacbMeBj[sMerc)annUvesckþIR)afñaTaMgLay EdlRtwmRtUvtamc,ab; 3. Éksareyag 1
Moi c’est état "The Rule of Law in a Free Society" 3 "The Delhi Congress gave rise to three important elements in the concept of the Rule of Law. First, that the individual is possessed of certain rights and freedoms and that he is entitled to protection of these rights and freedoms by the State; second, that there is an absolute need for an independent judiciary and bar as well as for effective machinery for the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms; and third, that the establishment of social, economic and cultural conditions would permit men to live in dignity and to fulfill their legitimate aspirations." 2
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-5–
GñkR)aCJmYyrUbEdleKEtgEtykmkGagfaCaGñkR)aCJsm½yfμIxagnitiPi)al KWelak Dicey )an Bnül;GMBIBakünitiPi)alfa³ “nitiPi)al KWCaGFibetyüd¾x
5
TsSnaTanbUB’aRbeTs kñugTsSnaTanenH xJMúsUmelIkykBaküxøHEdlmanenAkñúgKm
The Law of the Constitution, by A.V. Dicey, p. 198, states, "the Rule of Law" means in the first place, the absolute supremacy or predominance of regular law as opposed to the influence of arbitrary power, and excludes the existence of arbitrariness, of prerogative, or even of wide discretionary authority on the part of government.
5
In his treatise, Law of the Constitution (10th Ed., 1959), pp. 187, et seq., Dicey identified three principles which together establish the rule of law: (1) the absolute supremacy or predominance of regular law as opposed to the influence of arbitrary power; (2) equality before the law or the equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law of the land administered by the ordinary courts; and (3) the law of the constitution is a consequence of the rights of individuals as defined and enforced by the courts." 6
1-
FmμMeyv nisSay 2- FmμMskáeraenþa 3- FmμMKrukeraenþa 4- FmμMmaenenþa 5- FmμM bUeCenþa
GaRs½ynUvFm’ eFVIskáar³cMeBaHFm’ eKarBFm’ rab;GanFm’ bUCaFm’
6- FmμM Gbcaymaena 7- Fmμektu 8-FmμT§eCa 9- FmμaFibeteyüa 10- FmμikM rkçavrNKutþw sMviThsSú
ekatERkgFm‘ ykFm’CaTg;C½y ykFm’Cas
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-6–
¬2¦ ma GFmμkar³ bgáarmin[manGMeBIEdlxusc,ab;ekIteLIgenAkñúgGaNacRk ¬3¦ Fnanub,Tan³ EbgEckRTBüsm,tþidl;GñkRkIRk ¬4¦ smNRBahμNbribucäa ³ saksYrRbwkSaCamYysmNRBahμN_GMBIsIlFm’ Baküfa Fm’ kñúgTIenH CaPasa)alImann½yeRcIny:agNas; EdlkñúgenaHk¾mann½yfa c,ab; pg Edr dUcCaExμreyIg)anbkERbBakü Constistutional Law BIPasaGg;eKøsmkCaPasaExμrfa c,ab;rdæFmμnuBaØ CaedIm. kñúgTIenH ´nwgminEvkEjkGMBIcMNucTI3 nigTI4eT KWGFib,ayEtBIcMNucTI1 b:ueNÑaH. kñúgeKalkarN_TI1énkardwknaMRbeTsenH GñkdwknaMRbeTsb¤rdæaPi)al RtUverobcMxøÜn[)anl¥ cMeBaHc,ab; dl;eTA10y:ag KWRtUv ¬1¦GaRs½ynUvc,ab; ¬2¦eFVIskáar³cMeBaHc,ab; ¬3¦eKarBc,ab; ¬4¦rab; Ganc,ab; ¬5¦bUCac,ab; ¬6¦ekatERkgc,ab; ¬7¦ykc,ab;CaTg;C½y ¬8¦ykc,ab;Cas
8
RKb;RKg RbkbedayFm’ 7 8
ckávtþisURt TIXnikay )adikvKÁ RBHéRtbidkExμrelx 14 TMB½r24354 vcnanuRkmExμr karpSayrbs;BuT§sasnbNÐitü qñaM 1967 TMB½r 475. Pali-English Dictionary, Edited by T.W. Rhys Davids and
William Stede, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd, Reprinted in 1989, page 339.
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-7–
RtUveKRKb;RKg ehIyTaMgminGnuBaØt[ykc,ab;mkeFVICa]bkrN_sMrab;plRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜn nigsac;sar elahitbkSBYkeTotpg. enAkñúgRBHsURtmYykEnøgeTot EdlmaneQμaHfa GFibetyüsURt énKm
9
vin½ybidk culøvKÁ ttiyPaK PaKTI 11 TMB½r365 FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-8–
eBld¾fμI²enH ehIyEdl´sUmbnþkarBiPakSaelIcMNucdéTeTot EdlnwgnaMeTArkkarsnñidæanfa etInitiPi)al Gacnwgrwgbuwg)aneTenAkm<úCa. c,ab; nig c,ab;EdlGacRKb;RKgrdæ)an(Law and law that can rule) rdæNak¾manc,ab;Edr ebIeTaHCac,ab;enaHbMerIplRbeyaCn_eGayRkumNak¾eday GacCaRkumGñk dwknaM b¤RkumRtUveKdwknaM b¤TaMgBIrRkum. dUecñHeyIgminGacniyayGMBIkarRKb;RKgrbs;c,ab; edayminniyay GVIesaHGMBIc,ab;enaH)aneLIy. CaFmμCati mnusSmincg;rs;enAeRkamc,ab;eT. Ca]TahrN_d¾gay c,ab;FmμCatiTaMg3 KWekIt cas; søab; EdlCac,ab;d¾manGanuPaBRKbdNþab;cRkvaLTaMgmUlkþI k¾mnusSenAEtBüayamrkmeFüa)ayedIm,I ecj[putBIc,ab;enHEdr. enAkñúgsgÁmCatimYyEdlmanmnusSCasmaCik nigCasmaCikEdlmanFatuedIm mincg;rs;enAeRkamc,ab; EtRtUveFVIc,ab;edIm,IRKb;RKgmnusSenaH minEmnCakargayeT eRBaHy:agehac Nas; GñkEdleFVIc,ab;xøÜnÉgk¾manFatuedImmincg;rs;enAeRkamc,ab;Edr. dUecñH c,ab;mYyEdlRtUveKeKarB RtUveKGnuvtþtam nigmanGMNacbBa¢a[eKGnuvtþtam RtUvkarGgÁRbkbeRcInNas; edIm,I[køayeTACac,ab; EdlGacRKb;RKgeK)an (Law that rules) nigedIm,IeFVI[eKTTYlyknUvkarRKb;RKgrbs;c,ab;enaH (Rule of Law) . elak Lún hVúlø½r ¬Lon Fuller¦ EdlCaGñkR)aCJxagc,ab;énRbeTsGaemrik )ankMNt;nUvGgÁFatu rbs;c,ab;cMnYn8 enAkñúgesovePArbs;Kat;EdlmaneQμaHfa : sIlFm’c,ab; (The Morality of Law) : Edl mansar³sMxan;kñúgkarCMruj[ekIteLIgnUvnitiPi)al KW³ 1- c,ab;RtUvEtman ehIyc,ab;TaMgGs;enaHRtUvEteKarBedayCnTaMgGs;Kña rYmTaMgm®nþIrdæaPi)al III-
10
10
1. Laws must exist and those laws should be obeyed by all, including government officials. 2. Laws must be published. 3. Laws must be prospective in nature so that the effect of the law may only take place after the law has been passed. For example, the court cannot convict a person of a crime committed before a criminal statute prohibiting the conduct was passed. 4. Laws should be written with reasonable clarity to avoid unfair enforcement. 5. Law must avoid contradictions. 6. Law must not command the impossible. 7. Law must stay constant through time to allow the formalization of rules; however, law also must allow for timely revision when the underlying social and political circumstances have changed. 8. Official action should be consistent with the declared rule.
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
-9–
2- c,ab;RtUvEte)aHBum< pSBVpSay 3- c,ab;RtUvmanlkçN³smøwgemIlsRmab;GnaKt edIm,I[RbsiT§iPaBénc,ab;GacekIteLIg)anenA eBlEtkalNac,ab;enaH)anqøgkarGnum½tehIyEtb:ueNÑaH. ]TahrN_ tulakarminGacdak; eTasdl;]RkidæCnNaEdlRbRBwtþeLIgmuneBlEdlc,ab;]Rkwdæ)anGnum½teLIy. 4- c,ab;KYrEtRtUv)ansresr[)anc,as;Rbkbedaysmehtusmpl edIm,IeCosvagkarbgÁab;[eFVI edayminmanPaByutþiFm’ 5- c,ab;RtUveCosvagbdivaTkmμ 6- c,ab;minRtUvbBa¢aelIGVIEdlminGaceFVIeTA)anenaHeT 7- c,ab;RtUvEtmanzirPaB eTaHCaeBlevlanwgedIreTAmuxkþI edIm,IGnuBaØat[GMNacrbs;c,ab;Gac bgáeTACarUbrag)an. eTaHCay:agNakþI c,ab;Kb,IGnuBaØat[mankaresIerIeTAtamkalevla eBl EdlkaleTs³sgÁmnigneya)aymankarpøas;bþÚr. 8- skmμPaBCapøÚvkarKb,IRsbCamYynwgbBaØtþiEdl)anRbkasehIy. GgÁRbkbd¾sMxan;mYyeTotrbs;nitiPi)al kWkarEbgEckGMNac[dac;BIKñarvagsßab½nkMBUlTaMg3 rbs;rdæKW sßab½nnitibBaØtþi nitiRbtibtþi nignititulakar. elak cn GadaM (John Adams) EdlCaGñkBRgag c,ab;énRbCMurdæ xMm:n;Ev:lmasas’UEst (Commonwealth of Massachusetts) )ansresrfa : enAkñúgRbCMurdæ xMm:n;Ev:lmasas’UEstenH EpñkbBaØtþic,ab;minRtUvGnuvtþGMNacRbtibtþi nigtulakar b¤mYyNaCadac;xat. EpñkGñk Rbtibtþi minRtUvGnuvtþtYnaTIGñkEtgc,ab; nigtulakar b¤myY NaCadac;xat. Epñktulakar minRtUvGnuvtþtYnaTIGMNac GñkeFVIc,ab; nigGñkGnuvtþc,ab; b¤mYyNaCadac;xat. karGnuvtþrebobenH nwgGaceFVI[ekIteLIgnUvrdæaPi)alrbs; c,ab;mYy EtminEmnCardæaPi)alrbs;buKÁlenaHeT : . enAkñúgBuT§sasna TMnak;TMngrvagc,ab; sgÁm nwg buKÁl CaerOgmYyEdlminGackat;dac;BIKña)an eLIy nigCarbs;d¾sMxan;bMputEdlsmaCiksgÁmTaMgGs;RtUvEteKarB. ]tþmKtiénTMnak;TMngenH GacemIl eXIj)anenAkñúgmKÁúeTsk_rbs;BuT§bris½TTaMg3y:ag¬éRtsrN³¦ KW RBHBuT§ RBHFm’ nig RBHsgÇ. 11
11
— Massachusetts Constitution, Part The First, art. XXX (1780). ³ In the government of this commonwealth, the legislative department shall never exercise the executive and judicial powers or either of them: the executive shall never exercise the legislative and judicial powers, or either of them: the judicial shall never exercise the legislative and executive powers, or either of them: to the end it may be a government of laws and not of men
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
Fm’
BuT§
- 10 –
c,ab;
sgÇ
GñkdwknaM
RbCaCn
TMnak;TMngenH CamUldæansMrab;BicarNamunnwgeFVIc,ab; ¬bBaØtþisikçabTRBHsgǦ dak;[mhaCn Gnuvtþtam Edl´sUmelIkykmYycMnYnmkCUnTIenH dUcteTA³ GgÁTI1³ karBicarNaeTAelIectnarbs;c,ab; kñúgKm
cab;BIelx1 dl; elx10 yktamn½yBIKm
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 11 –
k- edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;sgÁmCasYnrYm 1- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIgedaymankaryl;RBmBIsPa nigedIm,I[ekItnUvesckþIerobrykñúgRbeTsb¤eT 2- etIc,ab;enHCaRbeyaCn_dl;karGPivDÆn_RbeTsb¤eT x- edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_ cMeBaHbuKÁl 3- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIgedIm,IbRgáabCnBalEdlbgá[ekItPaBminerobry nigkarvinasdl;sgÁmb¤eT 4- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIgedIm,I[mnusSl¥mankarrs;enAedaysuxsb,ayb¤eT K- edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;karbdibtþi[ekItesckIþbrisuT§idl;CIvit ¬TaMgpøÚvkaynigpøÚvcitþ¦ 5- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIgedIm,IkarBar raraMg min[esckþIGaRkk;ekIteLIg)annabc©úb,nñb¤eT 6- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIgedIm,IkarBarplRbeyaCn_naeBlGanaKtmin[)at;bg;b¤eT X- edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCn 7- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIgedIm,I[ekItkarKaMRTBIRbCaCnEdlminTan;manCMenOelIkardwknaMRbeTsenHeT 8- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIgedIm,I[RbCaCnEdlmanCMenOehIy rwtEtmanCMenOEfmeTotb¤eT g- eBaledayRbeyaCn_dl;RbeTsCati 9- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIgedIm,InirnþrPaBénrdæaPi)alnigRbeTsCatib¤eT 10- etIc,ab;enHekIteLIg eRBaHRbeTsRtUvEtmanc,ab;edIm,IerobcMsgÁm[l¥)anb¤eT 11- etIc,ab;enHbgá[mnusSrwtEtekIteLIgEfmeTotnUvesckþIelaPln;b¤eT13 g- eBaledayRbeyaCn_dl;RBHBuT§sasna 9- sT§mμdiætiya edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;nirnþrPaBénRBHsT§mμ 10- vinyanuKÁhay bBaØtþiedIm,IGnueRKaHvin½y KWeFV[I manbTbBaØtþisRmab;eRbICaeKalkñúgkarerobcMsgÁm 13
lkçN³Garkat;Fm’vin½y 8Rbkar sutþnbþ idk GgÁútþrnikay Gdækni)at EdlRBHsmμasm<úT§RTg;)ansMEdgdl;RBHnagbCabtieKatmI 1- viraK³ minbgá[mnusSrwtEtekIteLIgnUvesckþIelaPln; 2- visMeyaK KWesckþIminRbkbTukç 3- Gbcy³ KWesckþIminkBUnkiels 4- Gb,icänþa KWesckþIR)afñatic 5- snþúdæI KWesckþIsenþas 6- bvievk KWsPaBs¶at; 7- viriycrmÖ³ KWkarRbkbesckþIBüayam FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 12 –
12- etIc,ab;enHbgá[ekItnUvmhicäta b¤eT 13- etIc,ab;enHk[ekItTukç ekItbBaðakñúgsgÁmb¤eT 14- etIc,ab;enHnaM[ekItnUvkareBjcitþnUvrbs;GVIEdlxøÜnman xøÜnrk)anb¤eT 15- etIc,ab;enHnaM[ekItnUvkarRbkbesckþIBüayam minEmnedIm,IesckþIx¢ilRcGUsb¤eT 16- etIc,ab;enHnaM[ekItnUvkarciBa©wmCIvitgayRsYlb¤eT 17- etIc,ab;enHnaM[ekItnUvkarecHdwg nigbBaØab¤eT 18- etIc,ab;enHnaM[ekItnUvsnþiPaBkñúgRbeTsb¤eT GgÁTI2³ lkçN³rbs;c,ab; eyIgGacBinitüc,ab;edaykarBicarNaeTAelIKuNlkçN³rbs;c,ab;tamn½yRBHBuT§sasna)an edaykarbMEbkn½yrbs;KuNRBHFm’EdlCasrN³TI2 énsrN³TaMg3KW ³ 1- c,ab;Kb,ImanlkçN³rlUntaMgBIcab;epþImrhUtdl;cb; edayminmanbdivaTkmμnwgKñakñúgc,ab;EtmYy manPasac,as;las; yl;)anTaMgCaBüBa¢n³ nigGtßn½y¬sVakçaeta¦
8- suPrta KWkarciBa©wmgay Fm’TaMgenHKb,IdwgcuHfa CaFm’ Cavin½y Castßúsasn_ KWBaküeRbonRbedArbs;RBHsasþa viny/Ggáútþrnikay Gdækni)at lkçN³Garkat;Fm’vin½y8 b¤eKalsMrab;kMNt;Fm’ 8 Rbkar ¬Rtas;dl;RBH])alI¦ KWFm’TaMgLayNa EdlRbRBwtþeTAedIm,I 1- ÉknþaniBViTa esckþIenOyNay 2- viraK³ esckþIGs;eTAénteRmk 3- nieraF esckþIrlt;Gs;nUvTukç 4- ]bsm esckþIs¶b; 5- GPiBaØa esckþIdwgy:agéRkElg esckþIdwgc,as; 6- sem
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 13 –
2- c,ab;Kb,IGac[buKÁlmñak;²ykeTARbtibtþi)an GaceXIjc,as;BIsar³sMxan;rbs;c,ab; edaymincaM )ac;eCOtamBaküGñkdéT¬snÞidæieka¦ 3- c,ab;Kb,ImincMNuHedaykalevla manplTan;citþdl;GñkEdlGnuvtþb¤minGnuvtþ minerIsfaGñkenH eBlenHKYrc,ab;enH EtGñkenaHeBlenaHKYrc,ab;enaHeLIy KWminerIseGIgGñkEdlbdibtþb¤minbdibtþi eLIy¬Gkalieka¦ 4- c,ab;Kb,ItaMgmaMdl;karcUlmkBiesaFn_ sakl,g dl;karRtYtBinitüfaCac,ab;l¥BitR)akdEmn eRBaHCarbs;Bitnigl¥Bit ¬ÉhibsSieka¦ 5- c,ab;Kb,ImankarelIkTwkcitþEdleFVI[mhaCncg;naMyknUvc,ab;enaHcUlmkTukkñúgcitþ eRBaHman CMenOfa karbdibtþic,ab;GacnaMCIvitxøÜn[putnUvesckþITukç)an¬»bnyieka¦ 6- c,ab;CaTUeTACaPasabBaØv½n dUecñHKb,IKiteTAdl;stibBaØarbs;GñkGan nigGñkeron. karpþl;kar sikSa[dl;mhaCnCaerOgmYycaM)ac;bMput eRBaHCaerOgEdlminGaceFVICYsKña b¤eronCMnYsKña)an eLIy¬bc©tþM evTiteBVa viBaØÚhi¦ GgÁTI3³ PaBRtwmRtUvrbs;c,ab; c,ab;EdlbgÁab;[eKykeTAGnuvtþ Kb,ImanPaBRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;xøÜnÉg KW³ 1- c,ab;RtUvEtekIteLIgedayc,ab;EdlGnuBaØt[ekItc,ab; KWminEmneFVIc,ab;edaykarnwkeXIjcg;eFVI k¾eFVIeT KWc,ab;nImYy²RtUvekIteLIgedayRtwmRtUveTAtamc,ab;¬Femμenv ])aTieta¦ 2- c,ab;RtUvmanlkçN³Cac,ab; KWGgÁRbkbEdlpSM[ekItCac,ab;enaHk¾RtUvRbkbedayc,ab;Edr KWman mUldæansßitenAelIc,ab;TaMgRsug ¬Fmμieka¦ 3- c,ab;Edldak;ykmkeRbIR)as; RtUvEt)anmkedaykarGnuBaØatrbs;c,ab; minmanPaBhwgSa minEmn )anmkedayhwgSaeT¬FmμleT§a¦ GgÁTI4³edImbBaØtþi minRtUvGabtþi
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 14 –
c,ab;minRtUvmanGanuPaBRKbdNþb;eTAelIbuKlÁ NaEdlRbRBwtþxusmunc,ab;)ancUlCaFrmaneT. enAkñúgRBHBuT§sasna Baküfa buKÁledImbBaØtþi minRtUvGabtþieT eBalKW)andl;buKÁlNaEdl)anRbRBwtþxus munsikçabTRtUv)anbBaØtþi b¤munc,ab;)ancUlCaFrman14. GgÁTI5³ viesaFnPaBéc,ab; Gnic©taFm’ KWCaeKalsc©PaBmYykñúgBuT§sasna ehIyEdlRKbdNþb;eTAelIGVI²TaMgGs;kñúg cRkvalenH rYmTaMgc,ab;pgEdr. dUecñHehIyeTIb)anCamuneBlEdlRBHsmμasm<úT§erobnwgbriniBVan RBHGgÁ )anR)ab;dl;PikçúsgÇGMBIlT§PaBénkareFVIviesaFnkmμénc,ab;sMrab;sgÇ edIm,I[ekItplRbeyaCn_d¾x
16
GgÁTI6³ karecHdwgBIc,ab; cMeNHdwgrbs;RbCaBlrdæ KWCasar³sMxan;mYyeTotEdleFVI[nitiPi)alekIteLIg)an nigman sßirPaB. karecHc,ab; yl;c,ab; GacniyayBnül;c,ab;)an GackarBarxøÜntamGMNacc,ab;)an KWCaKuN PaBéncMENkEdlnwgCMtuj[ekItnUvnitiPi)aleLIg. sMrab;BuT§sasna karsikSarbs;BuT§bris½TelIvis½yFm’ nigvin½y ¬Fm’ nig c,ab;¦ CaerOgEdlRBHsmμasm<úT§RTg;ykcitþTukdak;CaTIbMput edayRTg;)ankMNt;Tukfa vin½ybidk vin½ybidk culøvKÁ ttiyPaK PaK8 TMB½r365 16 vin½ybidk mhavKÁ TutiyPaK PaK 7 TMB½r377 14 15
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 15 –
munnwgRTg;cUlbriniBVan bris½T¬mhaCn¦rbs;RBHGgÁRtUvmankarecHdwgnigkarGnuvtþn_Fm’vin½y)anRtwmRtUv GacniyayBnül;[eKsþab;)an RBmTaMgedaHRsaynUvkarecaTRbkan;TaMgBYg)an nig karrIkcMerInnigkaryk citþTukdak;elIFm’vin½yRKb;TisTI nigmankarGnuvtþTaMgfñak;dwknaMnigBlrdækñúgRbeTs . 17
GgÁTI7³KuNPaBGñkEdlbgÁab;[eKGnuvtþtamc,ab; c,ab;EdlmanRbsiT§iPaB k¾RtUvBwgpgEdreTAelIGñkEdlykc,ab;eTAbgÁab;[BlrdækñúgRbeTs Gnuvtþtam )andl;rdæaPi)alnigtulakar. ´)anniyayrYcxøHehIyGMBItYnaTIrbs;rdæaPi)alnigGñkdwknaM RbeTs EdlRtUvmancMeBaHkarelIktMekIgnitiPi)al¬ FmμaFibetyü nigFmμikMrkçavrN Kutþw sMviThsSú¦ edaykñúgTIenHsUmniyayEtGMBItYnaTItulakartamn½yBuT§sasna EdlCaGñkkat;esckþI faGñkNaKYrman eTasb¤minmaneTas nigCaGñkedaHRsaynUvTMnas;pøÚvc,ab;TaMgBYg edaysUmsegçbGgÁénecARkmEdll¥b¤ minl¥ mkRtwm4cMNucKW cMeNHdwg bTBiesaFn_ karkat;esckþI nigKuNFm’pÞal;xøÜn. karkat;esckþIkñúgvis½yc,ab; RtUvRBHsmμasm<úT§cat;TukfaCakareFVIs®gÁammYy edayEckeTACa s®gÁamtUc¬cULsgÁam¦ nigs®gÁamFM¬mhasgÁam¦. dUecñHkarEdlecARkmRtUvcUleTAenAcenøaHrvagCn BIr nak; b¤BIRkum b¤eRcInCagenH edIm,IsMrbsMrYlrkxusRtUvnigkat;esckþIenaH ebIkarkat;esckþIenaHminRbkbeTA edayeKalnitiPi)aleT¬FmμaFibetyü¦ s®gÁamGnþrayEdlekIteLIgehIyenaH GacnwgRtUvpÞúHkan;EtFM eLIg. ecARkm EdltamBuT§sasnaehAfa vin½yFr enaH nwgRtUvehAfaCaecARkml¥ b¤vin½yFrbNÐit kalebImanGgÁRbkbdUcxageRkamenH. ÉecARkmEdlminl¥ b¤vin½yFrBal KWmann½ypÞúyBIGgÁRbkbxag eRkamenHEdr19³ 18
mhabriniBVansURt Km
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 16 –
k¦ cMeNHdwg kñúgzan³CaecARkmEdlrYmcMENkkñúgkarelIktemáIgeKalkarN_nitiPi)al ecARkmRtUvEtCaGñk ecHdwg mankarsikSac,as;las;RtwmRtUv mankarTTYlsÁal;BIsalaCaedIm. RBHBuT§GgÁ)anbgðajnUvcMeNH dwgmYycMnYnEdlecARkmKYrmankñúgxøÜn Edl´sUmelIkedaysegçbmkdak;TIenHdUcteTA ³ ¾ mancMeNHdwgkñúgPasarbs;kUnkþI ¾ mancMeNHdwgxagRbvtþisa®sþ nigmanTsSnvis½ysMrab;GnaKtl¥ ¾ ecHnigcaMc,ab; nigkarrak;eRCArbs;maRtanimYy²edayc,as;las; ¾ mankarsikSac,as;GMBIeTasviTüa KWviC¢aEdlniyayGMBIeTaskMhusEdlmnusSRbRBwtþ ¾ mankarsikSac,as;GMBIvivaTviTüa KWviC¢aEdlsikSaGMBITMnas;rvagbuÁl b¤RkumCaedIm ¾ mankarsikSac,as;GMBInitiviFItulakar 20
x¦ bTBiesaFn_ bTBiesaFn_EdlTTYl)anBIGñkCMnan;mun nigbTBiesaFn_kñúgviC¢aCIv³rbs;xøÜn CaGMNacmYyeTot EdlGac[ecARkm nigRkumGñkc,ab; begáInKuNPaBeKalkarN_nitiPi)alkñúgRbeTs)anKW. ecARkml¥ tam BuT§sasna Kb,ImanbTBiesaFn_eRcInrhUtdl;eTAy:agticNas;k¾39cMNuc Edr Edl´sUmelIkykmk CMrabxøH²Etb:ueNÑaHkñúgTIenH³ 21
1-ecHTIkMNt;Pasarbs;xøÜn 2-ecHTIkMNt;Pasarbs;CatidéT 3-ecHBIGtItecHRbvtþisaRsþ 4-ecHRbemIlemIlnUvGnaKt 5-CaGñkecHdwgeRcIn nUvBuT§vcn³¬eKalkarN_¦ 6-ecHcaM)adiemakç¬RbCMuc,ab;¦ TaMgBIredayBisþar 7-caMsÞat;rt;mat;)adiemakçTaMgBIredayRbéB 8-ecHEckbT PaCn³ edayRbéB 9-sÁal;Gabtþi ¬karRbRBwtþixus¦ 10-sÁal;mUlénGabtþi ¬RbPBb¤ehtuEdlnaM[mankarRbRBwtþxus¦ 11-sÁal;ehtu[ekItGabtþi 12sÁal;esckþIrlt;énGabtþi 13-sÁal;bdibTa ¬viFI¦ [dl;nUvesckþIrlt;énGabtþi 14-sÁal;GFikrN_ ¬TMnas;¦ 15-sÁal;mUlénGFikrN_ 16sÁal;ehtu[ekItGFikrN_ 17-sÁal;esckþIrlt;én GFikrN_ 18-sÁal;bdibTa[dl;nUvesckþIrlt;énGFikrN_ 19-sÁal;vtßú 20-sÁal;niTan 21sÁal;bBaØtþi 22-sÁal;GnubBaØtþi 23-sÁal;KnøgBaküEdlCab;tKña 24-sÁal;jtþi 25-sÁal;kareFVIjtþi 26-sÁal;Gabtþi nigGnabtþi 27sÁal;lhukabtþi nigKrukabtþi 28-sÁal;savessabtþi nig Gnvessabtþi 29- sÁal;Tudæúløabtþi nigGTudæúløabtþi 30-sÁal;kal. 21 1- erontMNBIGacarü TaMgykcitþTukdak;BicarNaedayl¥ 2-Qøaskñúgkic©xagedIm 3-Qøaskñúgkic©xagcug 4-Qøaskñúgkarvinicä½yGFikrN_ 5GFikrN_enaHKYrrm¶ab;edayFm’Na edayvin½yNa edayBaküeRbon RbedArbs;RBHsasþaNa Kb,Irm¶ab;GFikrN_enaHedayFm’CaedImenaH²cuH 5-min 20
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
- 17 –
eron nigyl;dwgBIbTBiesaFn_nanaEdlmanknøgmkehIykñúgkarkat;esckþI mankaryl;dwgnigQøasvagévkñúgviC¢aCIv³rbs;xøÜnCaecARkmtaMgBIedImdl;cb; mankaryl;dwgc,as;las;fa CemøaHRbePTNaKYredaHRsayedayc,ab;Na manesckþImuWgm:at;kñúgkarvinicä½ykþIrbs;xøÜn mansMdIBieraHBisar gayyl; minniyayerayray\tRbeyaCn_ ecHsÞg;xøÜnÉgfa etIGacedaHRsaykþIenH)anb¤min)an ebI)ank¾KYreFVI ebImin)ank¾Kb,Ih‘anR)ab;eKfamin GacedaHRsaykþIenH)aneT pþl;yutþiFm’ nig»kas[dl;TaMgedImecaTnigcugecaT elIkTwkcitþdl;GñkEdlmanbBaØaTn;exSay[køahan nigb®gáabGñkEdlRBehInekagkac[rabTab mankarBicarNaedayRKb;RCUgeRCaymunnwgvinicä½yeTas manGakb,kiriyasmCaGñkEdlkan;karc,ab; nigvinicä½ykþI .l.
K¦ karkat;esckþI dUc)anCMrabehIyBIxagelIfa karkat;esckþIdUcKñanwgkareFVIs®gÁam dUecñHecARkmRtUvmansuP vinicä½ykñúgkarkat;esckþIelITMnas;NamYy. RBHsmμasm<úT§)ansMEdgTukkñúgvin½ybidkCaeRcInEdl´sUmelIk ykmkTIenHEtmYycMnYndUcteTA KWecARkmRtUv³ 1-vinicä½ytamkal minvinicä½yxuskal 2-vinicä½yedayBakü niyayxSibRtecok 6-minEsVgrkEteTasxus 7-minmicEPñk minjak;cieBa©Im mingk;k,al mineFVIvikar³epSg²edayéd minbgðajédTeT RtUv QøaskñúgGasn³ QøaskñúgkarGgÁúy 8-RtUvsmøwgemIlRtwmEtmYyCYrnwm 9-RtUvBicarNaesckþIsin ehIyswmGgÁúyelIGasn³rbs;xøÜn 10-minRtUv eRkakcakGasn³ 11-minRtUveFVIkarvinicä½y[sabsUnü 12-minesBKb;pøÚvxus 13-minRbkasGabtþi 14-minniyaysmþIe)aHe)ak 15-minniyay rYsran;eBk 16-minniyayrh½shYs 17-mineBalBaküerayray 18-eBalBakümanTIbMput 19-mineBalBakü Gsurs 20-RtUvsÞg;emIlxøÜnfa GatμaGjGacnwgvinicä½yesckþI)anb¤eT 21-RtUvsÞg;emIlbuKÁldéTfa bris½TüenHGacsuxcitþedayesckþIeGonxμasEdrb¤eT 22-RtUvsÞg;emIlbuKÁl GñkecaTfa GñkecaTenHRbkbedayFm’b¤eT 23-RtUvsÞg;emIlGñkCab;ecaT 24-RtUvsÞg;emIlGñkecaTminRtUvtamFm’ 25-RtUvsÞg;emIlGñkCab;ecaT minRtUvtamFm’ 26-RtUvsÞg;emIlGñkecaTRtUvtamFm’ 27-RtUvsÞg;emIlGñkCab;ecaTRtUvtamFm’ 28-kMubM)at;BaküGñkecaTnigGñkCab;ecaTEdl niyaymkehIy 29-kuMRbkaspSayBaküEdl GñkecaT nigGñkCab;ecaTminTan;)anniyay 30-RtUveFVIGñkbBaØaTn;[rIkray 31-RtUveFVIGñkEdl manesckþIPitP½y[RsYlcitþ 32-RtUvKMrambuKÁlEdlkac 33-RtUv[buKÁlEdlCaGlC¢IsMEdgGabtþiecj 34-RtUveronbTnigBüBa¢n³EdlTak;Tg Kña[ecHcaMl¥ ehIysYrbuKÁldéTsinswmvinicyä½ esckþItamBaküebþCJa 35-RtUvBnül;GñkdéT[yl;RBmkñúgTIEdlKYr[yl; 36-RtUvBicarNaehtu nigminEmnehtu kñúgTIEdlKYrBicarNa 37-smøågemIlkñúgTIEdlKYrsmøwgemIl 38-mineBalnUvehtuplEdlminTan;mkdl; 39-kuMjuúaMgehtuEdl mkdl;ehIy[vinascakFm’cakvin½y. FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 18 –
Bit minvinicä½yedayBaküminBit 3-vinicä½yedayBaküEp¥mElðm minvinicä½yedayBaküRTeKaH 4-vinicä½yeday BakümanRbeyaCn_ minvinicä½yedayBakü\tRbeyaCn_ 5-vinicä½yedayBaküemtþacitþ minvinicä½yedaysMGb; 6-kat;esckþIRtUvtamc,ab; 7-kat;esckþIRtUvtamBaküebþCJa 8-kat;esckþIedayRbéB eTAtamsutþ³ KWxn§k³ nigbrivar tamGnuBüBa¢n³KWGkçr³nigbT 9-kat;esckþIedayminluHkñúgqnÞaKti ¬GyutþiFm’eRBaHRsLaj;¦ 10-kat;esckþIedayminluHeTasaKti¬GyutþiFm’eRBaHs¥b;¦ 11-kat;esckþIedayminluHemahaKti¬Gyutþi Fm’eRBaHvEgVg¦ 12-kat;esckþIedayminluHPyaKti¬GyutþiFm’eRBaHP½y¦. X¦ KuNFm’pÞal;xøÜn cMeNHdwg bTBiesaFn_ karkat;esckþI RtUvGaRs½ysnþancitþrbs;ecARkmpÞal;fa etI)anTTYlkar Gb;rMbnÞMcitþb:uNÑa manKuNFm’b¤eT eRBaHfaebIKμanKuNFm’RbcaMxøÜneT ecARkmxøÜnÉgminRtwmEtminGacbegáIn nitiPi)aleT KWEfmTaMgTajTmøak;nUvnitiPi)alEfmeTotpg. RBHsmμasm<úT§)andak;cuHnUvKuNFm’mYycMnYn sMrab;eFVIkarvas;EvgebkçCnvin½yFr b¤ecARkm munnwgseRmc[CnenaHeTACavin½yFr b¤ecARkmeBjlkçN³ KWecARkmKYrKb,ImanKuNFm’y:agticNas;k¾20y:agEdr Edl´sUmsegçbmkenARtwm6KuNFm’KW 1-CaGñk eKarBc,ab;d¾RtwmRtUv minrMelaPc,ab; 2-CaGñkEdlmancitþEdlRbkbedayemtþa kruNa muTita nig]ebkça 3-CaGñkminelaPln;luHedayGMNacénsMNUksUk)a:n; nigbkSBYk 4-CaGñkmanGakb,kiriyaEdlnaM[KU PaKI nigRbCaCnmancitþRCHføanwgkareCOCak; 5-eFVIGVI²kñúgRkbx½NÐénc,ab; eKalkarN_ minEmnedIm,IEt[ mhaCnRsLaj;cUlcitþenaHeT 6-minemIlgayCndéTeRBaHGagxøÜnmanbkSBYkeRcInCag manGayueRcIn Cag mancMeNHeRcInCag eLIy . dUc)anGFib,ayenAxagedImehIyfa c,ab;EdlGacRKb;RKgrdænigRbCaCn)an luHRtaEtc,ab; enaH manectnac,as;las; manlkçN³Cac,ab; manPaBRtwmRtUv manlkçN³minFak;fy nigmanviesaFnPaB. 22
1-CaGñkmansIlnigsMrYmkñúg)adiemakç 2-CaGñkmanQanEdlnaM[enACasuxkñúgbc©úb,nñ 3-minGaRs½yGamis³ 4-minGaRs½ybuKÁl 5-mancitþ F¶n;kñúgsgÇ minF¶n;eTAkñúgbuKÁl 6-mancitþF¶n;kñúgsT§mμ minF¶n;kñúgGamis 7-edIm,IRbeyaCn_ minEmnedIm,IesckþIKab;citþbris½Tü 8-minkacGaRkk; 9-ecHGt;Fμt; 10-manemtþacitþ 11-mancitþGnueRKaHcMeBaHRbyaCn_ 12-mancitþRbkbedaykruNa 13-EsVgrknUvRbeyaCn_ 14-minluHGMNac éneBor 15-mancitþRtg; citþTn; 16-CaGñkmanxøÜntaMgenACakNþalcMeBaHFm’pg cMeBaHvin½ypg 17-juaMg buKÁldéT[RCHføakñúgTIEdlKYr[RCHføa 18-minemIlgayBYkCndéT edayKitfaGatμaGj)anbkSBYkehIy 19-minemIlgayGñkecHdwgtic edayKitfaGatμaGjCaGñkecHdwgeRcIn 20minemIlgayPikçúx©I edayKitfa GatμaGjCaefr³cas;Cag.l. 22
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 19 –
c,ab;enHRtUvkar[manGñkykeTAbgÁab;[RbCaCnGnuvtþtamedayRbsiT§iPaB edaykñúgenH RbB½n§tulakar Calkç½NcaM)ac;mYyEdleRkABImanÉkraCüPaBehIy k¾RtUvmancMeNHdwgelIviC¢aCIv³rbs;xøÜn[)aneRCARCH RtUvmanbTBiesaFnRKb;RKan; RtUvmanKtiyutþiFm’kñgú karkat;esckþI nigRtUvCaGñkEdlRTRTg;nUvKuNFm’ Biesskñúgzan³CaecARkmEfmeTotpg. sMrab;GñkdwknaMEdlCardæaPi)al CaGñkmanGMNac kardak;xøÜn [rs;enAeRkamc,ab; CaerOgmYyEdllM)akCaTIbMput nigCaerOgEdlRtUveroneFVI CaerOgcaM)ac;RtUvEteFVI nigCa erOgRtUvbgçMcitþeFVI. RbCaCnEdlmankarecHdwg manesckþIkøahan mankarGg;Gackñúgc,ab; KWCakmøaMgmYy d¾sMxan;kñúgkarCMruj[ekItnUvnitiPi)al. EteTaHCay:agenHk¾eday karEdlmanrdæaPi)almYysuxcitþrs; eRkamc,ab; tulakarmYyEdlminxøackñúgkarbgÁab;[rdæaPi)alrs;enAeRkamc,ab; nigkarEdlRbCaCnecH eRCIserIsGñkdwknaMxøÜnEdlmanectnal¥kñúgeKalkarN_nitiPi)alenH minEmnCaerOgEdlGacekIteLIgkñúg ry³eBlxøImYy)aneT. dUecñH karekIteLIgénGñkdwknaMEdlCaFmμikCn nigRbCaCnEdlCaFmμikRbCa naMKña elIksÞÜyFmμaFibetyü¬nitiPi)al¦ enaH RtUvEtcab;epþImeFVIBI\LÚv RtUveFVIBIkumarPaB nigeFVIkñúgRKb;vis½y TaMgGs; TaMgCavis½yRkumRKYsar karRKb;RKg esdækci © karsikSa sasna nigkarkMsanþ. sgÁmPavUbnIykmμ elIvis½ynitiPi)al RtUvEtCacMENkd¾FMmYyénvb,Fm’ExμrnaeBlGnaKt. IV-
BIrdærbs;buKÁl eTArdæEdlmanc,ab; nigedIm,ICardæEdlenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgc,ab; ³
From Rule of Man to Rule by law, and towards the rule of law
Gnic©taFm’¬karERbRbYl¦ eRkABIkareFVI[eyIgmankarRBYy)armÖcMeBaHPaBminsßitesßrénCIvitnig vtßúTaMgBYgehIy k¾)anelIkTwkcitþeyIg[mankþIsgÇwmfa GVI²k¾Gacpøas;pþÚreTACal¥)anpgEdr kalebIeBl evlaeFVIdMeNIreTAmux nigenAeBlEdlTegVI¬kmμ¦ rbs;eyIgmanlkçN³Cabc©½yviC¢mankñúgkarpøas;bþÚrenH. kareRtomxøÜnsMrab;karpøas;bþÚr nigkareFVIsMviFankarelIkarpøas;bþÚr (Change Management) CakarmYycaM)ac; edIm,IeFVIdMeNIreq
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 20 –
enAkñúgGFibetyüTaMg3énBuT§sasna ¬GtþaFibetyü elakaFibetyü FmμaFibetyü¦ EdlRBH BuT§GgÁ)anbgðajGMBI\T§iBlEdlmandl;karsMerccitþrbs;buKÁlmñak;² munnwgbeBa©jskmμPaBNamYyenaH ¬ehIyebIsinCaeyIgykGFibetyüenH mkeRbIkñúgn½yfaGVIEdlCaFMEdlman\T§iBldl;karsMerccitþelIkar RKb;RKgRbeTsmYyenaH¦ RBHBuT§GgÁdUcCamin)anTietonfa GFibetyüNamYy minl¥enaHeT KWRTg;RKan;Et bgðaj[eXIjGMBIrebobdwknaMCIvitxøÜn¬b¤rebobdwknaMRbeTs¦ EdlEtgEtykGVImYyCaeKalsMrab;karsMerc citþ ehIyRTg;)anENnaMfa³ - buKÁlEdleRbIGtþaFibetyü (Rule of Man?) Kb,IeRbIsti[)aneRcIn - buKÁlEdleRbIelakaFibetyü (Rule by Law?) Kb,ImanR)aCJaRKb;RKgxøÜn nigecHBicarNa - buKÁlEdleRbIFmμaFibetyü (Rule of Law?) Kb,IRbRBwtþ[RtUvtamc,ab; TaMgkñúgGFibetyüsURtnigkñúggckávtþisURt RBHBuT§GgÁEtgEtelIksÞÜyGMBIkarRKb;RKgEdll¥Ca TIbMputenaH KWkarRKb;RKgEdleKarBeTAtameKalkarN_nitiPi)al b¤FmμaFibetyü.
EpnTIxagelIenH Cakarvaytémørbs;GgÁkarGnþrCatiGMBIkMriténnitiPi)altamRbeTsnimYy². enA kñúgkarvaytémøenH nitiPi)alKWCaGgÁRbkbmYyénGgÁRbkbTaMg623 énvis½yRKb;RKgEdlrYmman³ 23
Rule of law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.htm 1. Voice & Accountability,
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 21 –
¬1¦semøg nigKNenyüPaB ¬2¦sßirPaBneya)aynigkarminsUvmanGMeBIhwgSanigviecäTkmμ ¬3¦RbsiT§i PaBénrdæaPi)al ¬4¦nitiPi)al ¬5¦KuNPaBénkarRtYtBinitü nig ¬6¦karTb;sáat;GMeBIBukrlYy. BN’ébtgcas;CakMritl¥elx1¬BI 90 eTA 100°¦BN’ébtgx©ICakMritl¥elx2¬BI75 eTA 90°¦ BN’elOgCakMritelx3 ¬BI50 eTA75°¦ BN’TwkRkUcCakMritelx4 ¬BI 25 eTA 50°¦ BN’Cm<ÚCakMritelx5 ¬BI 10 eTA 25°¦ehIy BN’RkhmCakMritelx6 ¬BI0° dl;10°¦. RbeTskm<úCaeyIg Føak;eTAkñúgsMNMuBN’Cm<Ú KW enABIcenøaH10° eTA 25°¦. GVIEdlKYr[kt;sMKal;enAelIEpnTIEbgEckkMritnitiPi)alenHKWfa BN’ébtgenH manEtenAkñúg cMeNamRbeTsEdlmanesdækic©x
25
26
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Political Stability and Lack of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption.
Fm’sMrab;RBHraCa 10y:ag KW TanM sIlM bric©aKM GavC¢M mTÞvM tbM Gek;aFM GvihwgSBa© xnþiBa© GvieraFnM CasPaEdlmansmaCiksuT§EtCaRkumraCvgSEdlmansiT§ikñúgkarRKb;RKgEtb:ueNaÑaH BuMEmnraRsþFmμtaGaccUlCasmaCisPa)aneT 26 sutþnþbidk GgÁútþrnikay stþkni)at 1- ]sSah_RbCMuKña[(anjwkjab; 24
25
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 22 –
tameKalBuT§sasn_ nitiPi)al CaeKaledAmYyénkarvivtþn_ nigGPivDÆn_rbs;sgÁm EdlRtUvBwgelI eKaledAénkarvivtþn_ nigGPivDÆn_ déTeTot 3y:ag ehIynigeBlevlamYyeTotpgEdr. enAkñúgeKalkarN_ karGPivDÆn_4y:agrbs;BuT§sasna KW kayPavna sIlPavna citþPavna nigbBaØaPavna karBRgwgnitiPi)al GaceRbob)aneTAnwgsIlPavna¬karGPivDÆn_xagc,ab;¦. sIlPavna GacRbRBwtþeTA)an k¾luHRtaEtGgÁTaMg 3eTot RbRBwtþeTA)anl¥Edr KWkayPavna¬karGPivDÆn_pøÚvkay EdleRbob)annwgkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©¦. citþPavna¬karGPivDÆn_pøÚvcitþ EdleRbob)annwgkarGPivDÆn_pøÚvKMnit¦. nigbBaØaPavna ¬karGPivDÆn_pøÚvbBaØa EdleRbob)annwgkarGPivDÆn_vis½ysikSa¦. dMeNaHRsayb¤kargarEdlRtUveFVICacm,g KWkarbegáInGMNac[dl;RbCaCnkñúgkarCMruj[sßab½n kMBUlTaMg3ykcitþTukdak;dl;karGPivDÆn_eKalkarN_nitiPi)al. GMNacRbCaCnEdlGacnwgekIneLIg)an k¾luHRtaEteK)anTTYlnUv\sSrPaBxagEpñkesdækic© \sSrPaBxagEpñkkarsikSa nig\sSrPaBxagEpñkpøÚv KMnit . niyayedaygaysþab; KWmankMritCIvPaBRbesIredaymincaM)ac;BwgrdæaPi)al mankarsikSax
28
2- RBmeRBógKñaRbCuM RBmeRBógKñaQb;RbCuM RBmeRBógeFVIkic©EdlKb,IeFVI 3- minbBaØtþinUvGVIEdlminTan;)anbBaØtþiTuk ¬EdlTas;eTAnwgeKalkarN_edIm¦. minlubbM)at;nUvGVIEdl)anbBaØtþiTukrYcehIy ¬EtRbtibtþimaMmYn tameKalkarN_edImEdl)andak;TukBIxagedImehIy¦ 4- elakGñkNaEdlCaFM kñúgCnCativC¢I eKarBrab;GanelakTaMgenaH ykBaküsMdIrbs;elakfaCaerOgEdlKYrTTYlsþab; 5- karBarEfTaMbNþakulRsIþ kumarITaMgTLay [enAl¥edayminmankarKRmamkMEhg 6- eKarBskáar³bUCaectiy ¬bUCnIydæannigbUCnIyvtßú rhUtdl;GnusSavrIy_epSg²rbs;vC¢I 7- cat;[mankarrkSa XuMRKgkarBarEdlRtwmRtÚvtamFm’dl;RBHGrhnþTaMgLay 27 GgÁútþrnikay ctukáni)at 28 n½ydUcKñanwg 27 FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 23 –
Gnuvtþn_nitiPi)al. RbeTsEdleTIbnwgqøgputGMBIs®gÁam BIrbbpþac;kar BIkarGt;Xøan R)akdCaRbQmmux CamYynwgkarRbkYtRbECgy:agxøaMg BIeKalkarN_rdærbs;buKÁl eKalkarN_rdæEdleRbIc,ab;sMrab;RKb;RKg eRscEtcitþ nigrdæEdleRbIc,ab;sMrab;RKb;RKgedaymankMNt;. enHk¾CaerOgFmμtamYyénkarvivtþn_rbs; sgÁmEdleyIgRtUvTTYlsÁal; ehIynigCYyeFVIy:agNaedIm,IbM)at;eKalkarN_rdærbs;buKÁl bnßyeKal karN_rdæEdleRbIc,ab;sMrab;RKb;RKgeRscEtcitþ [mkenARtwmrdæEdleRbIc,ab;sMrab;RKb;RKgEdlman kMNt;vij munnwgdak;rdæTaMgmUl[enAeRkamGMNacrbs;c,ab;. GVIEdlKYrRbugRby½tñKWfa vivDÆnkmμénniti Pi)al eRcInEtRtUvrMxanCajwkjyedayGMeBIhwgSaEdlekItmkGMBIesckþIEdlminGacGt;Fμt;)ancMeBaHeBl evla kMhwgEdlekItmaneRBaHkarrMelaPsiT§imnusS nigkar)at;bg;nUvGMNacniglaPskáar³EdlFøab;ekItman )anedaysarkarminsßitenAeRkamnitiPi)al. V- niti)alkm<úCa³
R)afña kic©kar nig karBit³
Cambodian Rule of Law: Wish,
works, and reality
15qñaMehIyEdlraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaTaMg3GaNtþiRbwgERbgedaysμ½RKcitþxøH nigedayTTYlkarbgçit bgçMxøH kñúgkareFVI[nitiPi)alenAkm<úCamansPaBRbesIreLIg. BitehIyEdlfakm<úCaminFøak;dl;BN’Rkhm kþI k¾kareFVIdMeNIreTArkBN’ébtg RtUvqøgkat;kic©karEdlRtUvbMeBjeRcInNas; TaMgraCrdæaPi)al TaMgm®nþI raCkar TaMgGñkneya)ay TaMg®bCaBlrdæ nigsgÁmsuIvil edIm,IjúaMgesckþIR)afñaenH[eTACakarBit)an. ehIyGVIEdlsMxan;CageKmunnwgeFVIdMeNIrenaH Blrdækm<úCaKb,IsYrxøÜnÉgfa etIeyIgBitCacg;)annitiPi)al EdlmanBN’ébtgenaHb¤eT CaBiessraCrdæaPi)al EdlCatMNagrbs;ra®sþkñúgkarGnuvtþn_. enAkñúgeKal neya)ayeXasnasMrab;kare)aHeqñatGaNtþiTI4enH eyIgBMumaneXIjKNbkSneya)ayNamYykñúgcMeNam KNbkSEdlelcmuxmat;CageKTaMg5 KWKNbkSRbCaCn KNbkShV’únsuinbuic KNbkSsmrgSúI KNbkS neratþmrNriT§i_ nigKNbkSsiT§imnusS )anelIkniyayGMBIBaküfa nitirdæenH [cM²eLIy. enHs[eXIjfa nitiPi)al BMuEmnCabBaðacm,gsMrab;karQñHeqñatedIm,IeFVICardæaPi)aleLIy ebIniyayedaykarviPaKvij ebI eTaHCardæaPi)alEdlnwgekIteLIgenAeBlxagmuxenH CardæaPi)alEdlmankMritnitiPi)alTabkþI k¾enAEtCa rdæaPi)alRsbc,ab;mYysMrab;ExμrEdr. lT§plCarUbI CalT§plEdlExμrcg;eXIj nigEdlrdæaPi)alcg;bgðaj. nitiPi)al KWCaeKalkarN_ manlkçN³CaGrUbI eRcInCagrUbI mingayvas;pl)an lM)akkñúgkarbgðaj[yl;nigeXIjc,as;. karyk FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
nitiPi)alkm<úCa³ esckþIR)afña kargar nig karBit
- 24 –
nitiPi)almkeFVICarebobvar³rbs;bkSnigCati (National/Party Agenda ) GacnwgminekIteLIgedaygay² eRBaHkaryl;eXIjBIsar³sMxan;rbs;nitiPi)aleT EtRbEhlCanwgGacekIteLIg)anedaysarkarcg;)an kar TamTar nigkarbgçitbgçMGMBIRbCara®sþnigBI\T§iBlxageRkANamYy. dUecñH karecHdwg yl;dwg rbs;RbCa ra®sþGMBInitiPi)al GMBIGtßRbeyaCn_rbs;nitiPi)alkñúgkarGPivDÆn_ nigGMBIPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarEklMGrrebob rbbRKb;RKgRbeTs[kan;EtRbesIreLIgedayeKalkarN_nitiPi)al edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_rbs;RbCara®sxøÜnÉg GacCalkç½NÐcaM)ac;sMrab;karTamTar[dak;nitiPi)alCarebobvar³CatinaGnaKt. ebIsinCakñúgry³eBl 10qñaMxagmuxenH RbCara®sþExμrykcitþTukdak;eKalkarN_nitiPi)alenH[)anxøaMgenaH ´eCOfakare)aHeqñat sMrab;GaNtþiTI6énraCrdæaPi)al¬2018-2023¦ KNbkSnanaCaBiessKNbkSEdlRKb;RKgGMNacna GaNtþiTI5 nwgelIkykeKalkarN_nitiPi)almkniyayeXasnay:agTUlMTUlayCaminxan. sMrab;eBlenH ebIeTaHCaeyIgRtUveKdak;BinÞúfa kMBugrs;enAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;rdæEdlCarbs;buKÁlkþI rdæEdlykc,ab; eFVICa]bkrN_kñúgkarbMerIRbeyaCn_xøÜnkþI b¤rdæEdlmannitiPi)alkMritTabkþI k¾CakarBitmYyRbePTeTot EdleyIgkMBugCYbRbTH ehIyEdleyIgcaM)ac;RtUvEteFVIcitþ[rIkraykñúgkarrs;enA nigcUlrYmshkarCamYy edIm,IeFVI[lkç½NÐ\sSrPaBTaMg3KWesdækic© karsikSa nigkarKit ekIteLIg)anedaybribUN’sMrab;ra®sþExμrna bc©úb,nñ nigGnaKtEdr. ´eCOCak;Canic©fa ExμreyIgecHrs;CamYyKña nigeFVIvDÆnkmμnitiPi)alrYmKñaCanic©¡ ³´µ¶·¸¹´
FmμbNÐitehg mNIcinþa
