Set No. Code No: 410407 IV B.Tech. I-Semester Regular Examinations, November-2003 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Electronics and Communications Engineering)

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2.a) b)

In what kind of a problem space would a depth first search be better than a breadth first one? A problem-solving search can precede either forward or backward. Discuss the factors that determine the choice of direction for a particular problem.

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Max. Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks --Discuss the areas of application of Artificial Intelligence. Discuss the tic-tac-toe problem in detail and explain how it can be solved using AI techniques.

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Distinguish between conventional programs and rule based systems Translate the following sentences into formulae in predicate logic: i) Sam likes easy courses ii) Artificial Intelligence courses are easy iii) All students with high grades are bright or work hard iv) Sam likes playing tennis v) Every one is loyal to someone.

4.a) b)

What are Semantic networks? Explain its features with sample semantic net. Explain the classification of nodes in Semantic net

5.a) b)

List the key reasoning operations that are performed by JTMS An example of nonmonotonic reasoning involves birds and flying. Consider the following facts: -Most things do not fly -Most birds do fly, unless they are too young or dean or have a broken wing -Penguin and ostriches do not fly -Magical ostriches fly -Ttweety is a bird -Chirpy is either a penguin or an ostrich -Feathers is a magical ostrich Use one or more nonmonotonic reasoning systems answer the following: i. Does Tweety fly? ii. Does Chirpy fly? iii. Does Feathers fly? iv. Does Paul fly? Contd…2

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Code No. 410407

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Set No. 1

Describe how Alpha-Beta search works with relevant examples. How does the minimax search helps in solving tic-tac-toe problem?

7. a) b)

Differentiate between “Speech recognition “ and “speech understanding”. Describe the various classes of Grammars.

8.a)

Define and Explain “Learning” . Describe in detail, the range of activities covered by the concept “Learning “. Justify the statement –that “Learning is the most important characteristic of Intelligence”. Describe and discuss in detail, the important aspects of (i) Rote Learning (ii) Learning by taking advice. Illustrate answer with the help of relevant examples.

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Set No. Code No: 410407 IV B.Tech. I-Semester Regular Examinations, November-2003

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Electronics and Communications Engineering)

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Max. Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks --Describe with necessary diagrams, a suitable state space representation for 8 puzzle problem and explain how the problem can be solved by state space search. Show how heuristic can improve the efficiency of search.

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Discuss the following in detail. a. Hill Climbing b. Best – First search c. Constraint satisfaction

3.a) b)

Discuss in detail about Forward Vs Backward reasoning. Consider the following facts: (i) John likes anyone who likes playing tennis and football (ii) A is brother of B if A is a male, A has father F and mother M and B has the same mother and father as A does. Translate these facts into formulae in predicate logic and prepositional logic

4.a)

Explain how a link generates a hierarchical structure in a network? Explain with suitable example. How will you represent variables in Semantic net? Explain

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With neat diagram, explain the justification based truth maintenance system Explain the logic based truth maintenance system with an example

6.a) b)

Illustrate the minimax search for the tic-tac-toe game, with initial position. How Alpha-Beta method helps greatest pruning improvement in the above game?

7. a) b)

What are the four classes of grammars. Describe Backus – Naur Form (BNF) syntax used for programming languages with examples.

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Describe and discuss in detail, the techniques of (i) Parameter adjustment (ii) Macro-operations (iii) chunking used in problem- solving method of “Learning”. Explain the nature of utility problem. ###

Set No. Code No: 410407 IV B.Tech. I-Semester Regular Examinations, November-2003

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Electronics and Communications Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks --1.a) Explain the different control strategies used in problem solving b) Discuss the factors determining the choice of direction for a particular problem.

Trace the constraint satisfaction procedure solving the crypt arithmetic problem. SEND +MORE MONEY

3.a) b)

What are tautologies contradictions and contingencies. Consider the following facts: Jack likes all kinds of pets. Dogs are pets. Cats are pets. Any animal any one owns and is not killed is a pet. Mary owns a goat and is still alive Joe owns everything Mary owns. i) Translate the facts into formulae in Predicate logic ii) Convert ht formulae into clausal form iii) Prove that Jack likes goats using Resolution

4.a) b)

What are frames? Give a sample frame of a Computer department of a college. Explain reasoning using Semantic networks.

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Consider the problem of finding clothes to wear in the morning. The knowledge’s are -Wear jeans unless either they are dirty or you have a job interview today. -Wear a sweater if it's cold -It’s usually cold in the winter Wear sandals if it's warm -It’s usually warm I the summer i. Build a JTMS-style database of the necessary facts to solve this problem ii. Show how the problem can be solved and how the solution changes as the relevant facts change. TMSs are useful tools in solving constraint satisfaction problems. Give your opinion. Contd…2

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Code No. 410407

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Set No. 3

What is Alpha-Beta pruning ? Implement the alpha-beta search procedure for playing tic-tac-toe.

7. a) b)

Describe the steps involved in language understanding . How “ Parse tree ” helps in understanding language with examples.

8.

Discuss in a comparative manner (in detail) the important characteristics of (i) Deterministic Decision function approach (ii) probabilistic Decision function approach in pattern Recognition problems. Give examples where each approach is more appropriate.

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Set No. Code No: 410407 IV B.Tech. I-Semester Regular Examinations, November-2003

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Electronics and Communications Engineering) Time: 3 hours

Max. Marks: 80

2.

Discuss about AO* algorithm using a suitable example.

3.a)

What are Terms, Quantifiers, Free and Bound variables in Predicate logic? Explain Explain the methodology for converting predicate logic formula into prenex normal form

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Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks --Define the state space for the game of chess. What do you mean by an AI technique? How will you know that your AI system readily works?

Explain the various features of Declarative and procedural frames. With suitable example explain how linking of subframes is done

5.a) b)

Explain with an example, how a ATMS could be used in medical diagnosis? Write short notes on: i. Nondependency-Directed backtracking ii. Minimalist reasoning.

6. a)

Compare the representations of the sentence. “Dravid Produced a classy innings with his bat” in case grammar and conceptual dependency. What is Alpha-Beta Pruning?

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Show a parse tree for a) “Rama Killed Ravana with the help of Monkeys”. Explain what knowledge is necessary to produce a connect parse b) Represent the following sentence in case structure “The train passes through tunnel”.

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What is “ unsupervised learning” in which objects are recognized through clustering. Explain why the nature of the “goal” affects the process of learning. Describe in detail, the design of a pattern Recognition program for validating “hand-writing”. Discuss the inherent problems in detail.

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