The 42nd International Congress for the History of Pharmacy 8-11 Sep. 2015 ISTANBUL

SL-01 09.09.2015 Hall A 11:45 – 12:00 The Beginngs of Western Pharmacy in Colonial Hong Kong, 1841-1940 Patrick Chiu Business Strategy Advisor

In the second half of 19 CE and the first few decades of 20 CE, Hong Kong, located on the South China coast with a deep water harbour, served as a free trade centre and earned part of its revenue by re-exporting opium to the Chinese Mainland and serving as a ship-building and ship-repairing centre. Its role at the time attracted traders and opportunists from many parts of the world. Western dispensaries served two functions in the 19 CE in colonial Hong Kong, a medical clinic serviced by a surgeon (also called a druggist) and an apothecary who sold drugs and sundries to expatriate traders and sailors. The dispensary manager often served as the apothecary but was not necessarily a qualified chemist and druggist. This situation continued until the sales of poisons were regulated in 1903 when only qualified chemists and druggists were allowed to undertake such trade. After 100 years of colonial rule in 1838, 87% of patients attending outpatient clinics at Chinese Hospitals still preferred Traditional Medicine and Pharmacy whereas 2/3 of inpatients receiving western pharmacy and treatment at the same hospitals. The objective of this paper is to explore the key factors in the development of western pharmacy in the community and hospital sectors and the impact of pharmacy legislation in the local sales of poisons and training of pharmacists in the 1841-1940 period in Hong Kong.

SL-02 11.09.2015 Hall A 11:45 – 12:00 Apothecary clothing in time of the Burgundian State. Inspired by the East? Nanno Bolt Cercle Benelux d'Histoire de la Pharmacie

Most studies on the history of mediaeval apothecaries are country-based. But the State of Burgundy included in 1477 (large parts of) Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and France. After the Act of Abjuration in 1581 the last link

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The 42nd International Congress for the History of Pharmacy 8-11 Sep. 2015 ISTANBUL

between the Netherlands and Burgundy expired. This study is on the apothecary clothing within the territory of the Burgundian State during the 15th and 16th century. The question ’’how was an apothecary dressed in the 15th and 16th century’’ could in general be addressed with the statement: ‘’similar to the dress of anybody else at that time’’. But based on the examples in this study we can now establish that within the territory of the Burgundian State some finetuning can be introduced: - the court-apothecary wore court-clothing - the town-apothecary, being a municipal servant, wore the municipal clothing

- an apothecary transformed into a medical-master wore a long black toga with damask lining - and the ordinary apothecary followed the fashion of his social and financial standing: the higher middle class As far as known only the master-apothecaries from Montpellier owned their own black robe for formal ceremonies in that period. The question ‘’was the apothecary clothing in time of the Burgundian State inspired by the East?’’ will be answered with a hesitating ‘’yes’’, as the fashion in the late Middle Ages had some far roots in the East.

SL-03

10.09.2015

Hall A

14:45 – 15:00

Chemistry and Pharmacology of medicinal plants in XIXth century Mexico Liliana Schifter, Patricia Aceves Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco

The Instituto Médico Nacional, created in Mexico City in 1888 was the most important research center for national medicinal plants used by the general population for therapeutic purposes until its closure in 1915. During the last 2 decades of the XIX century, the main line of investigation in mexican pharmacy was oriented towards medicinal plants; the various editions of the Mexican pharmacopoeia bear witness to this. The Institute was originally divided into five sections: Natural History, Analytical Chemistry, Experimental Physiology, Clinical Therapeutics and Medical Geography and Climatology. Plants of different origin (mostly from Mexico, but also asian and european) progressed through the various spaces of the Institute, where they gradually transformed into

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