Study Guide: Rocks and Fossils (Mini-Book 2: Inside the Restless Earth: Chapters 2 and 3) Directions: Create flash cards, Venn Diagrams, charts, or foldables of the information below to study from for the quiz and test on this unit. Chapter 2: Rocks and Minerals (pp. 28-49) 1. Distinguish between the formation and breakdown of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. (See the Rock Cycle). (Key Processes: Uplifting, Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compacting and Cementing, High Pressure and Temperature, Melting, and Cooling and Hardening) 2. Distinguish between felsic and mafic magma. Give examples of each type of igneous rock. 3. Distinguish between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock. Give examples of each. 4.

Distinguish between clastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks. Give examples of each.

5. Distinguish between contact and regional metamorphism. 6. Distinguish between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rock. Give examples of each. Chapter 3: Rocks and the Fossil Record (pp. 60-79) Section 4 (pp. 74-79) 7. Define fossil. 8. Distinguish between the ways fossils can be preserved: petrifaction (permineralization and replacement), molds, casts, imprints, trace fossils, and whole organism. 9. Describe and give examples of what paleontologists have learned by studying fossils. 10. Distinguish between and give examples of observations and inferences. 11. Describe characteristics of index fossils and how they are used to determine the relative age of rock layers. Section 2 and 3 (pp. 64-73) 12. Define relative dating and the Principal of Superposition. 13. Distinguish between forces that can disturb rock layers: faulting, folding, tilting, and intrusions. 14. Define unconformity. 15. Using a diagram of subsurface rock layers: determine the relative ages of the rock layers (sequence the rock layers), and identify faults, folding, tilting, intrusions/extrusions, and unconformity. 16. Explain how knowing the half-life of a radioactive isotope, enables scientists to determine the absolute age of rocks and fossils using radiometric dating. 17. Determine the number of half-lives that have passed and the age of a sample, knowing the half-life of the radioactive isotope and the proportions of the sample that are still parent isotope vs. daughter isotope. (See practice problems done in class)

Study Guide: Rocks and Fossils

Distinguish between felsic and mafic magma. Give examples of each type of igneous rock. 3. Distinguish between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock.
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