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PT HA ER

12 5

Prepare to Read Section 4 Achievements of Ancient China

Objectives

1. Learn about the Silk Road. 2. Find out about the Han dynasty’s respect for tradition and learning. 3. Discover what important advances in technology were made in China during the Han dynasty. Target Reading Skill

Vocabulary Strategy

Recognizing Signal Words Signal words are words or phrases that give you clues. They prepare you for what is coming next. There are different kinds of signal words. Signal words may show how things are related, such as cause and effect. As you will recall, a cause is what makes something happens. An effect is the result of the cause. Some signal words that may show cause and effect include:

Cause because if on account of since

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Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide

Effect as a result consequently so then therefore

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Identify Supporting Details Each section of text has a main idea. The main idea is supported by details. The details give more information about the main idea. On the next page, the main idea for the text under the heading “The Silk Road” is implied. It is not stated directly. But it can be determined by adding up the details and seeing what they are about. The main idea can be stated this way: “Both ideas and goods were exchanged along the Silk Road. It connected China to the Mediterranean.” As you read, note the supporting details under each heading.

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Section 4 Summary The Silk Road Wudi’s conquests brought the Chinese into contact with the people of Central Asia. The Chinese exchanged goods with these people. A major trade route developed. It was called the Silk Road. 5 The Silk Road was a series of routes that covered more than 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers). It crossed mountains and deserts. It ended in what is now Turkey. From there, traders shipped goods across the Mediterranean. 10 Few travelers went the entire length of the Silk Road. Instead, goods were passed from trader to trader as they crossed Asia. With each trade, the price went up. At the end, the goods were very expensive. The Silk Road got its name from silk. Han farmers had developed new ways for raising silkworms, the caterpillars that made the silk. Wealthy Romans would pay high prices for Chinese silk. Wealthy Chinese would pay well for items from Rome.  New ideas also traveled along the Silk Road. For example, missionaries from India traveled to China along the road. They brought Buddhism with them. By the end of the Han dynasty, Buddhism was a major religion in China.

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1

Target Reading Skill The main idea of the section titled “The Silk Road” is “Both goods and ideas were exchanged along the Silk Road.” In the bracketed paragraphs find one example of each. Goods: ________________________ Ideas: _________________________

 Reading Check What are silkworms? _______________________________ _______________________________

Tradition and Learning Tradition and learning flourished during the Han 25 dynasty. Tradition

Learning

• Rulers wanted to bring back respect for tradition • Returned to the teachings of Confucius • Civil service required study of Confucianism

• Poetry flourished • Scholars created first dictionary • Sima Qian wrote the a history of China 

_______________________________

 Reading Check What contribution to learning did Sima Qian make? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

Key Terms Silk Road (silk rohd) n. an ancient trade route between China and Europe silk (silk) n. a valuable cloth, made by silkworms Chapter 5 Section 4

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Vocabulary Strategy

TH

In the bracketed paragraph, a signal word is used to rk show cause and Ma effect. Find the signal word and circle it. Then write the cause and effect below. E

t Tex

Cause: ________________________ _______________________________ Effect: _________________________

 Reading Check What did the Chinese write on before they invented paper?

Han Technology

_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

Review Questions 1. How did the Silk Road get its name? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2. In what ways did the Han dynasty show a respect for Chinese traditions? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

Key Term Sima Qian (sih MAH chen) n. (c. 145–85 B.C.) a Chinese scholar who wrote the most important history of ancient China, Historical Records 72

Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide

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Because the Han government was stable, the Chinese worked on improving their society. At this time, China was the most advanced civilization in the world. Farming tools were improved. The Chinese invented many devices. These things did not reach Europe for many centuries. The Chinese made advances in the arts, in bronzeworking, building temples and palaces, and in jade carvings. They also made discoveries in the field of 35 medicine. They learned about herbal remedies and acupunture. Besides improving farm tools, they also invented the compass and the rudder, a device used to steer ships. One of the most important Chinese inventions was 40 paper. At first, the Chinese used wood scrolls and bones to keep records. Later, they wrote messages and even whole books on silk. Then, around A.D. 105, they invented paper. Paper helped learning and the arts in China. After several centuries, the use of paper spread 45 across Asia and into Europe. Paper replaced papyrus from Egypt as the material for scrolls and books.  The Han dynasty ended in the A.D. 200s. But its deeds were not forgotten. People in China still call themselves “the children of Han.”

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