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CHEM . RES. CHINESE U. 2005,21( 3)。355— 359 

Syntheses and Surface Properti es  of P0l yacryl 0ni tri le—based  Copol ym er M em branes Contai ni ng Sugar M oi et i es  HUANG Xi ao— j un,WAN Li ng— shu,DAI   Zheng— wei ,KOU Rui — qi ang  and  XU Zhi — kang ’   Ins t i t ut e   o f  Pol yme r   Sc i e nc e,Zhe ji ang  Uni ve r s i t y,Hangzhou 31 0027,P.R.Chi na  Rec ei ved  Sept.24,2004 

To i mpr ove  the hydrophi l i ci t y of  pol yacr yl oni tr i l e— base d membranes,sugar  moi et i es  wer e i ncor por at ed  i nt o  acryl oni t ri l e—based copol ymer s vi a the  radi cal  copol ymer i zati on of口一 al l yl  gl ucosi de( AG )wi t h acr yl oni —   tr i l e(AN)wi th 2.2  一 azobi s— i so— but yr oni t ri l e(AI BN )as  t he i ni t i at or  i n  di met hyl   sul phoxi de(DM SO). I t  was   f ound t hat  t he  yi el d i ncreased wi t h t he i ncr eas e of  t he  i ni t i ator  concentr ati on  and r eact i on t i me,whi l e i t  de—   creased wi th the i ncrease  of  the monomer  mol ar  r at i o of  AG t o AN. Rai si ng t he  AG propor t i on i n t he   monomer  mi xture  resul t ed i n the i ncrease  of  t he  AG cont ent  i n t he  copol ymer. M  of  t he  copol ymers  de—   creased wi th i ncr easi ng t he  AG monomer  f ract i on i n f eed.The  copol ymers  were  f abri cat ed  i nt o dens e mem —   branes  and t hei r  s urf ace  pr opert i es  wer e st udi ed by means  of  t he wat er  cont act  angl e measurement  and  pl at el et  adhesi on t est s. I t  was  f ound that  t he st at i c  wat er  cont act  angl e  on t he  membr ane decr eased si gni f i —   cantl y f rom 70。t o 33。wi th t he  i ncr ease  of  t he  AG content . The  adhesi ve num ber   of  pl at el ets  on t he  mem—   brane  sur f ac e al so decreased si gni f i cantl y wi t h i ncr easi ng AG c ont ent  i n the copol ymer s. These  resul ts   demonst rat e that  t he  hydr ophi l i ci t y and bi ocompat i bi l i t y of  t he  acr yl oni tr i l e—based copol ymer  mem branes   coul d be  i mpr oved  ef f i ci entl y by  t he  copol ymeri zati on  of   acryl oni t r i l e wi t h vi nyl  carbohydrat es.   Keywor ds   Pol yacr yl oni t r i l e.Sugar— cont ai ni ng copol ymer.Surf ace  propert y,Hydrophi l i ci t y,Pl at el et  adhe—   si on 

Art i cl e  l D  1005— 9040(2005) 一03—355一 O5 

To  i mpr ove   t he   surf ace   pr oper t i e s   of   pol yacr y—  

I nt roduct i on  As   a  t ype   of   wi del y  us ed  mem br ane   mat er i al s,  

l oni t r i l e— bas ed mem br anes,  c arbohydr at e s  at t rac t  

pol yacr yl oni t r ne(PAN ) has  been i nves t i gat ed by 

our  at t ent i on due  t o  t he i r  hi gh hydr ophi l i ci t y and 

many  re sear cher s   i n  t he   f i el ds   of   per vapor at i on,ul —  

e xc el l ent  bi ocom pat i bi l i t y. I t  i s  wel l  known t hat  

t raf i hr at i on。 and di al ysi sL 卜 -  . However, PAN—  

car bohydr at es  exi st   i n  m any  f or ms   and pl ay  i m por —  

base d mem br anes   are   r el at i vel y  hydrophobi c   wi t h  a  

t ant  r ol es  i n  l i vi ng s ys t ems  and have   re cei ved  con—  

l ow bi ocom pat i bi l i t y. Thes e  pr ope rt i es  l i mi t  t hei r  

si der abl e  i nt er e st  i n  r ece nt  year s[  一  . To endow 

f urt her  appl i c at i ons  i n aqueous  s ol ut i on  separ at i on  

synt het i c  pol ym er s  wi t h excel l ent  hydr ophi l i c  and 

and t hei r   us age   as   bi omedi ca l   devi ces.M uch  at t en—  

bi om i met i c   pr ope rt i es,   var i ous   vi nyl — c ont ai ni ng 

t i on has  be en  pai d  t o i mpr ovi ng t he   char ac t er i st i cs  

c ar bohydr at es  and t hei r  pol ym er  anal ogues  wer e  

of  PAN — based m e m br anes. The  copol ymeri zat i on 

s ynt hes i z ed. The  copol ym e ri z at i on of  vi nyl  carbo—  

of  AN wi t h hydr ophi l i c  monomer s  i s  cons i der ed as  

hydr at es  wi t h  acr yl oni t r i l e  can  al so   of f er   t he  hi ghl y 

one   of   t he  ef f ect i ve   m et hods   f or   such  st r uct ur ali m—  

i nt r i ns i c  hydr ophi l i c  chara ct er  t oget her  w i t h t he  

provem ent[   一 。。

Howeve r,i t   was  f ound  i n  our   pre —  

c ompat i bi l i t y  of   t he   copol ymer s   wi t h bi om ol e cul es.  

vi ous   paper s[ “・  ]t hat  t he  i ncor por at i on  of   com mon 

Li n[   引e t  a1 .r epor t ed t he  copol ymer i zat i on of  D —  

hydr ophi l i c  c omonomer s, such a s  2一 hydr oxyet hyl  

l ac t ose— o一(  一 vi ny1 )一 hydr oxi me   wi t h  a cryl oni t r i l e  by 

met hacr yl at e(HEM A ) and N — vi nyl 一 2一 pyr r ol i done  

us i ng  AI BN  as   t he   i ni t i at or   t o  i mpr ove   t he   pr oper t y 

(NVP),i nt o pol yacr yl oni t r i l e  by  c opol ymer i z at i on 

of   pol yacr yl oni t r. 1 e. However,t he  synt hesi s  of   D—  

c oul d not  i mpr ove  t he  hydr ophi l i ci t y of  pol yacr y—  

l ac t os e— o一(P— vi ny1)hydr oxi me  i s  re l at i vel y com—  

l oni t r i l e. Si mi l ar   r esul t s   wer e   al s o  desc ri bed  by  Ul —  

pi ex. Ther ef or e, i n our  pr evi ous  wor k[   , the  

bri c ht  et  a1 .[ 1 3   wi t h var i ous   ac ryl at es  and/or  

c opol ym er i z at i on  of口一 al l yl  gl ucosi de  wi t h  acr yl oni —  

met hacr yl at es  as  t he  gr af t i ng m onom er s  f or  pol y—  

t r i l e   i n  wat er  by  us i ng  K2 S2 O8 一 Na2 SO3   as  t he  i ni t i a—  

acryl oni t r i l e  uhr af i hrat i on  mem br anes.  

t or  syst e m was  r epor t e d t o i m pr ove t he  sur f ac e  



* Support ed by t he  Nat i onal  Nat ural  Sci ence  Foundat i on  of  Chi na( No.50273032).  

** To   who m  c or r e s po nde nc e   s h oul d  b e   a ddr e s s e d.E— mai l :x uz k@i ps m. z i u. e du. c a 

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356 

CHEM . RES.CHI NESE U .  

Vo1 .21  

pr oper t i es   of   PA N. Never t hel ess。t he  hydr ophi l i ci —  

t he  AG cont ent  i n t he  copol ym e r[  

t y  obse rved f or  t he   pol y( acr yl oni t r i l e— co一  一 al l yl  

was  d6 一 di met hyl  sul f oxi de  and t hre e  dr ops  of  D2 O 



The  s ol vent  

gl ucosi de) (PANCAG ) mem br anes  m i ght  com e  

we r e  a dded t o  t he  s ol ut i on. The  mol ar  f r act i on of  

f r om bound wat er  bec ause  ea ch sugar   m oi et y  pos—  

AG  i n  the   c opol ymer   can  be   cal cul at ed  ac c or di ng t o 

se ss es  f our— OH gr oups  and t he  copol ym er i z at i on 

t he   f ol l owi ng  equat i on:  

was  c onduc t ed  i n  wat er  i n  t he  pr evi ous  wor k. I n 

AG(   )一 Id /(  d + Ik)×100  

t hi s  w or k, t he  r a di cal  c opol ym er i z at i on of 口一 al l yl  

wher e  I i s  t he  i nt ensi t y   of  t he   peaks  i n t he  

gl uc os i de(AG ) wi th ac r yl oni t r i l e(AN ) by  usi ng 

H  N M R s pe ct r um .The   st at i c   cont ac t   angl e( SCA )  

2, 2  一 az obi si s obut yr oni t r i l e(AI BN ) as  t he  i ni t i at or  

of   t he  c opol ym er   m embr ane   was  measur ed  at   r oom 

i n di me t hyl  sul phoxi de(DM SO ) was  perf or me d t o 

t emper at ure   or l   a   c ont ac t   angl e   goni omet er  

avoi d  the   “bound  wat er   pr obl em ” ment i oned 

(OCA20,Dat aphysi c s,Ger m any)equi pped  wi t h a  

above. The  char act er i s t i c s  of  t he  copol ymer i z at i on 

vi de o c apt ur er. I n  a  t ypi cal  s ess i l e  dr op met hod。a  

re act i ons   wer e   st udi ed  and  t he   sur f ace   pr ope rt i es   of  

t ot al  of   5   L  of   dei oni z e d  wat er   was   dr oppe d  ont o  a  

t he  r es ul t i ng  c opol yme rs  wer e   charac t er i z ed.  

dr y  dens e  mem br ane   sampl e   wi t h  a  mi cr osyri nge   i n 

Experi m ent al  

an  at mos pher e   of   ai r . The   wat er   cont act   angl e  was  

1  M at erial s 

de t er mi ned  f r om  t he   i mage   wi t h   a  package   of   i m ag—  

Acr yl oni t r i l e(A.R.gr ade)and DM SO(A.R.  

i ng  sof t wa re. The   vi s cosi t y  aver age   mol ecul ar  

gr ade)wer e   com mer ci al   pr oduct s   and  wer e   pur i f i ed 

wei ght(   ) of  t he  copol ymer  was  cal cul at ed ap—  

by vacuum di st i l l at i on bef or e  use. AI BN (A .R.  

pr oxi mat el y  wi t h  t he   f ol l owi ng  equat i on[   :  

gr ade) was  re cr yst al l i ze d i n anhydr ous  al c ohol  at   5O  e . 口一 Al l yl  gl uc os i de  was  s ynt hes i z ed wi t h t he  

[  ]=2 . 86 5×1 0   ’   wh e r e[  ]i s   t he  i n t r i ns i c  v i s c o s i t y   of   t he  DMSO 

me t hod r e por t e d by  Tal l ey  e t   a1 .E z o ]

s ol ut i on  of   PANCAG  at  30 ℃ .  

2  Copolymeri zati on of AG and AN 

4  Fabri cat ion of  PANCAG M em branes 

. 

Copol ym er i z at i on of  AG and AN i ni t i at ed  by 

Sugar — c ont a i ni ng   m embr anes   wer e   pr epar ed  by 

AI BN wa s  c ar r i e d out  i n DM S0 under  st i r ri ng at  

c ast i ng t he  DMSO s ol ut i on  of  t he  c op61 ymer(7   ,  

70 ℃ . The  r eac t i on  was  t er mi nat ed  af t er  a   cer t ai n 

mas s  f r ac t i on)ont o a   gl as s  pl at e. The  mem branes  

t i me. The  r esul t i ng   pol y( a cr yl oni t r i l e— co一 口一 al l yl  

were  dr i e d  at   60 ℃ f or   24  h  and  t hen  under   vacuum 

gl ucosi de)( PA NCAG )was  i s ol at e d by  pour i ng  t he  

at  1   50 ℃ f or   24   h  t o  c ompl et e l y  r emove   t he   r esi dual  

r eact i on m i xtur e  i nt o anhydr ous  et hanol(A. R.  

s ol vent.The  f i nal   t hi cknes s   of   the   dr i ed  mem brane  

grade),and  f i l t r at e d,and t hen  washed  t hr ee   t i mes  

was  appr oxi mat el y 1   00   m.  

wi t h  et hanol  t o  r emove  t he  r es i due s. The  obt ai ned 

5  Adhesi on of Bl ood Plat el ets  

c opol ym er  was  dr i ed under  vacuum at  50 ℃ t o a 

A sa m pl e  of  20  mL of  hum an  f r esh  bl ood was  

c ons t ant  wei ght . The  yi el d (conver si on of  t he  

t aken  by  veni punct ure   of   a   s ol e   he al t hy  donor.The  

monomers)was   cal cul at ed  by  t he  mass  r at i o  of   t he  

bl ood  was   mi xed  wi t h t ri sodi um c i t r at e(1  par t  t o  9  

c opol ym er  pr oduct  t o t he  t ot al  m onom e r s  i n t he  

part s   of   bl ood)and  cent ri f uged  at  25 0  g  f or   10   mi n  

f eed.The  mol ecul ar  st ruct ur e  of  t he  c opol ymer  i s  

t o obt ai n pl at el e t — r i ch pl as m a( PRP). The  st udi e d 

s chemat i c al l y  s hown  i n  Fi g.1.  

mem br ane  was  cut  i nt o 1  cm × 1  cm pi e ces  and  pl ace d i n  a  t i s sue  cul t ur e  pl at e.The  f r esh  PRP(20  L)was  dr opped on t he  c ent er  of  t he  sampl e  and  0 

t hen  i ncuba t ed  at  37  c C f or   30  mi n.The  membr ane   was   ri nse d gent l y  wi t h  a  phosphat e  buf f er ed s al i ne   ( PBS)s ol ut i on,af t e r  whi ch  t he  adher ed pl at el et s  

HO 

H 

H 

Fi g.1  PANCAG synt hesi zed i n t hi s  wor k.  

wer e  f i xe d wi t h 2.5   ( m ass  f r act i on) gl ut aral de—   hyde  i n PBS f or  30  mi n. Fi nal l y,t hi s  sampl e  w as   washed wi t h PBS,and  dehydrat ed wi t h  a  ser i es  of  

et ha nol /wat er  mi xt ure s  wi t h i ncr eas i ng et hanol   vol ume  f rac t i on (30  , 40   , 50   , 60   , 70  ,  

3  Characterj zati 0n 

The   H NM R spect r a  we re  measure d on a   Br uck  Advance   DM X500   spec t r omet e r   t o  det er mi ne  

80   , 90  , 100 

et hanol, 10   mi n  i n  each 

mi xt ur e).The   sampl es  wer e   then  ai r— dri ed  and i n—  

vest i gat e d wi t h a  sca nni ng  el ect r on mi c r osc ope  af —  

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No.3  

HUANG  Xi a o- j un   e t   a1 .  

35 7  

t er   gol d  sput t er i ng  at  about  500   ma gni f i cat i ons.  

of the i ni ti ator  concentrati on and t he reacti on ti me 

Resul t s  and Di scussi on 

on  t he   pol ym er i z at i on  yi el d  a nd  t he   mol ec   ul ar  

1   Copolymeri zat i on of AN wi th AG 

wei ght   of  t he  r e sul t i ng c opol ym er   wer e  st udi ed  by 

The   t ypi cal  r esul t s   f or   t he   copol ymer i z at i on  of  

us i ng  a   (AN ) 。   (AG )一 85 :15  monomer  f e ed 

AN wi t h  AG  ar e   summ ar i z ed  i n  Fi g.2.The   ef f ec t s  

r at i o.As   can be  s een  f r om Fi g.2( A),t he  c opol y—   mer i z at i on  yi el d i nc r ease d w i t h i ncr easi ng re act i on 

1OO 

t i me  at  a c onst ant   ( i ni t i at or)/  ( monomer) r at i o  80 



r  ( I ):  ( M)=1:5 0 03,a nd   i t   do e s   no t   i nc r e a s e   any more when the react i on ti me exceeds 6 h.The 

 

60  v

M de cr eas es  sl i ght l y wi t h i ncr eas i ng t he  pol yme r—  

 

40 

. 

i z at i on t i m e. The  yi el d al s o i nc re ases  re m ar kabl y 

wi t h  i nc r easi ng  t he   (I)/  ( M )r at i o  f r om 5× 10 

2O 

t o 2.0× 10—0 .Howe ve r,i t   see ms   t hat,when  t he月  . 1 t I   ;  弓g 1 0暑 。0. 【  

O 

Po l ymer i z at i on  t i me/h 

;  弓g I o  

0. 【  

;  I n笛 I o   『 0. 【  

( I)/  ( M )ra ti o e xce eds  2.0× 10_。 ,t he  yi el d does   not   i nc r ease   any more,as  i s  se en f r om Fi g.2(B) .   On t he  ot her  hand,t he  M  de cr ease s  sl i ght l y wi t h 

i ncr easi ng  t he  ( I)/n(M )r at i o,whi ch  behaves   i n  a   ^



t ypi c al  f r ee  r adi c al  pol yme ri zat i on f a shi on. Bot h 

 

 

t he  c opol ym er i z at i on  yi el ds  a nd  t he   mol ecul ar  

. 

wei ght s   of   t he   re sul t i ng c opol ymer   i n  di f f er ent   sol —   vent s   dec re ase   acc or di ng t o t he  s equenc e  of  DM SO 

>DFM>DMAc[ - Fi g.2( C) ].Th e s e  mi ght   be   a s —   c r i bed  t o  t he   i nc ompat i bi l i t y  of   hydr oxyl  gr oups   of   z l( , I) / ( M)  

t he  sugar   m oi et y  wi t h  ei t her   t he   co- monom er( acr y-  

1OO 

l oni t r i l e)or   t he   i ni t i at or  i n  t he  s ol vent . So we  can  8O 



 



 

envi sage  t hat  conduct i ng t he  c opol ym e ri z at i on i n 

wat er  by usi ng  a  wat er - s ol ubl e  i ni t i at or  wi l l  i m—  

60 

pr ove  bot h t he  yi e l d and t he  m ol ecul ar  wei ght .   Such  wor k  has   been  r epor t e d  i n  one   of   our   pr evi ous  

40 

. 

papers[  



Fi g.2(D)shows  t hat  t he   m onom er  f eed 

2O 

mol ar   r at i o   has   gr eat   i nf l ue nce   on  the   copol ymer i za—   O 

DMS0 

DMF  Sol ve nt  

DM Ac  

t i on. The  yi el d of  t he  c opol ym er  was  l ower  t han  t ha t  of  AN homopol ym er . I t  dec re ases  sl i ght l y 

wi t h i ncr eas i ng t he  cont ent  of  AG f r om 0 t o 4   5   and t hen  decr eas es   shar pl y  wi t h  i nc r easi ng  t he   c on—   ^

 



 

t e nt   of   AG  f r om 5 0  t o  64   i n  t he   monomer   f eed.   Fi g.3  s hows  t he   ef f e ct  of   monomer  f ee d r at i o  on  t he   c om pos i t i on  and  t he   m ol e cul ar   wei ght  of   t he  

. 

c opol ym er . I t  c an be  see n  t hat  i ncr easi ng the   monomer   f eed  mol ar   r at i o   of  AG  t o  AN  pr i nci pal l y  i ncr eas es  t he  AG cont ent  i n t he  copol ym er. How—   e ver。when t he  AG  c ont e nt   i n  t he   copol ym er   i s   t OO  Fi g.2  Typi cal  resul t s  of   t he  copol ymeri z at i on.  

hi gh,t he  copol ymer  become  f r agi l e,de gr adabl e,  

(A ) Ef f ec t s  of  r ea ct i on t i me; (B) n(i ni t i a t or)/  

and wat er —s ol ubl e   due   t o  t he   s ugar   moi et i e s.I n   the  

(monomer)r at i o; ( C )sol vent; ( D) AG  c ont ent  i n 

ma ss   f r act i on  r ange  f r om 0   t o 30   ,t he  c ont ent  of  

monomer  f ee d on  t he  e opol yme ri z at i on yi el d  and t he   mol ecul ar  wei ght. The eopol ymeri zati on condi ti ons 

ar e  a s   f ol l o ws:  ( AN)/”( AG)i n   f e ed  i s  8s/15;t ot al  

AG i n t he  monom er  f ee d has  no obvi ous  i nf l uenc e   on  t he  mol ecul ar   wei ght   of   t he   r esul t e d  copol ym er .  

monomer  c once nt ra t i on [M]=0.2 g/mL;i ni t i at o r/  

But  t he  corr e spondi ng mol ecul ar  wei ght  dec re ases  

mo n o me r   r a t i o[ 1 ]/ [ M]一1 / 5 0 0;r e a c t i o n   t e mp e r a —  

r ema rkabl y  when  t he  c ont ent   of   AG  i n  t he  

t ur e   60 ℃ l  r e act i on  t i me   6  h.  

monom e r   f ee d  exc ee ds   4   5   .I t   i s   r eas onabl e   t o  sa y 

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358 

CHEM .RES.CHl NESE  U.   ^   v矗g 2l 0 u   u 唔 口一  

Vo1 .2l  

^. )

t hat  the  C — C bond of  AG i S  l i nke d wi t h t he   al koxy  bond  whi ch  has   a   ne gat i ve   e f f e ct   on   t he   r ad—   i cal  pol ym er i z at i on. Ther ef or e,copol ymer   cont ai n—   i ng a   hi gh  AG  pr opor t i on  ar e  not   sui t abl e   f or   mem—   brane  f abr i cat i on  and  has   not  been  st udi ed her e.  

0  《  o 

叠  o  ‘0 

芒  

蛊   苫  —  P  日 一 =u o— o ‘. 。0. 【  

Ma ss  f r act i on  of  AG i n  copol yme r(% )   Fi g.3  Rel at i onshi p bet ween t he copol ymer  composi ・   t i on  and t he cont ent   of  AG  i n  f eed.  

n( 1)/n(M )一 1/500.6   h.  

2  Contact Angl e of the PANCAG M em branes 

Fi g.4   shows   t he   st at i c  wat e r   c ont a ct  angl e s   of  

t he   membr ane s  f abri cat e d  f r om  t he   re sul t i ng  c opol ymer. I t  can be  f ound t hat  t he  c ont act  angl e   de cr ease s  f r om 70。t o 33。w i t h the  i nc rea se  of  the   AG c ont ent   i n  t he  c opol ymer.Si nc e  t he  c opol ym er   f or  membr ane  f abri cat i on wer e  s ynt hes i ze d by  f r ee   r adi c al  sol ut i on copol ym er i z at i on wi t h DM S0 as   t he  s ol ve nt  a nd  t her e   was   no “bound  wat er   pr obl em ” ment i one d i n t he  i nt r oduct i on s ect i on.  

t he  dec rea se  of  t he  cont ac t  angl e s  i s  sur el y due  t o  hy dr oxyl   gr oups  i n  t he  AG moi et i e s. The  de cr eas —   i ng of  t he  cont act  angl e  wi t h t he  i ncr eas e  of  AG  cont ent  i ndi cat es  t hat  hi ghl y  hydr ophi l i c   mem—  

br anes  have  been obt ai ned,whi ch i S  known t o be   benef i ci al  f or  t he  ant i f oul i ng  pr oper t y of  t he  pol y—   acr yl oni t r i l e— ba sed  me m br anes.   Fi g.5 

Eff ect  of  c r - al l yl  gl uc osi de cont ent  i n t he  

COpol ymer  on  pl at el et s  adhesi on at   25 ℃ .   ( AG )(   ):( A )0; ( B)8.79;( c) 17.73; ( D)   22.12.  

t er i al   cont ac t s   wi t h  bl ood.pr ot e i ns   wi l l   be   f i r s t  a d—   sorbed  ont o t he  surf ace  and def or m ,and t hen  t he   pl at el e t s  wi l l  be   adhe re d,act i vat e d,and a ggr egat —  

ed,SO  t he  pl at el et s  pl ay  a   maj or   r ol e  i n  t he   t hr om—   bus  f or ma t i on.The re f or e,a   st udy  on  pl at el et s  ad—   AG  mas s  f r act i on  i n  c opol ymer(% )   Fi g.4  Pur e wat er  cont act  angl e  on 

the  PANCAG membr anes.  

3  Plat elet Adhesi on on the PANCAG M em branes 

Fi g.5  shows  t he  si t uat i on of  pl at el et s  f r om  pl at e l et - r i ch pl a sm a(PRP) adher i ng  on t he  di f f e r—  

ent  PANCAG me mbr ane s. W he n a pol yme ri c  ma—  

he si on t o eval uat e  t he  bl ood  compat i bi l hy  of   mat e—   r i al s  i S  i mport ant .I t  c an be  s een obvi ous l y t hat   m any pl a t el et s  ar e  adher ed on t he  PAN mem brane  

s u r f a c e   E Fi g.5( A) ],whi l e   t h e   pl a t e l e t   a d he s i on   i s   suppre sse d on t he  PANCAG membr ane s[Fi g.5   ( B)一 ( D)].Thes e  r esul t s  c l earl y  i ndi c at e  t hat   t he   bl ood compa t i bi l i t y  of  PAN can be  i m pr oved ef f i 一  

维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

No.3  

HUANG  Xi a o- j u n  e t   a 1 .  

ci ent l y by t he  c opol ymer i z at i on wi t h a s ugar. . con. .   t ai ni ng vi nyl  monom e r. Thi s  mi ght  be  asc ri bed t o   t he  hydr ophi l i ci t y i mpr ovement  on t he  c opol ym er   me m br ane s.  

Concl   us i ons   The  f r ee  ra di c al  copol ymeri z at i on  of   acryl oni —   t r i l e  wi t h  a- al l yl  gl uc os i de  was  c are f ul l y  st udi ed  i n  an  or gani c   sol ut i on. The   r esul t i ng  copol ymer s   wer e   f abr i cat e d i nt o dens e  m embr anes  and t hei r  surf ace   pr oper t i es  wer e   st udi ed by t he  wat e r  c ont act   angl e  

measur ement  and t he  pl at el et  adhes i on t est . The   re sul t s  i ndi c at e  t hat  t he  st at i c  wat e r  c ont ac t  angl e   on t he  mem br ane  decr eas es  s i gni f i c ant l y f r om 7 0*   t o 33。wi t h  t he  i ncr eas e  of   t he  AG c ont ent .I t  has   been  al so conf i r me d t hat  the  i m pr ovement  of  hy—   dr ophi l i ci t y  i s   caus ed  by  t he  i nc or por at i on  of  sugar   moi et i es.Fur t he rmor e,wi t h  t he   hydr ophi l i ci t y   i m—   pr ovem ent,t he   pl at el et   adhe si on  on t he  c opol ymer   mem br anes  i s  r emarkabl y suppr es se d,whi c h sug—   gest es  t hat  t he  hemoc om pat i bi l i t y of  pol yacr yl oni —  

35 9  

[3] Bhat   A.A.,Pa nga rkar  V.G.,J.Memb r. Sci ..2 000.   167.187 

[4] Yua n  x.Y.,Sheng J.,He F..e t  a1 ..J.App1 .Po lym.   Sci .. 1 997. 66.1521  

[5] Renj i t h  D.。Reghun adhan  C. P., Ni nan K. N.. Eur.   Po lym. J.・2002・38.2003 

[6] Capek  I .,Jur ani c ova V..Bar t on  J.,Eur. Po lym. J.。   1999, 35,691  

[7] Zhang  C.,Du  Z.J.。Li   H.Q..P0 l yme t。2002,43.2945   [8] Kadi r   D..MehmetC.,l br ahi m  E..Eur.Po lym.J..1999.   36.83 

[9] Lu  Q.。We ng  Z.x..Zhou   S.x..e t   a1 ..Eur.Pot ym.J..   2002. 38.1337 

[1O] Sanghvi  P.G.,Pat el  A.C..Gopal kr i shnan K.S..Eur.   Po lym .  

.2OO0.36.2275 

[11] Huang  x.J..xu  z. K.,Wang  J . Q..e t  a1 .,Po lym.   Pr e pr i nt s,2004,45.487  

[ 12]   wan  L.s..  xu z.   K.. Yu H.   Y.. e t口, .. Po lym.   Pr e pr i nt s.2004.45.519  

[ 13] Ul br i cht  M..Ri chau  K..Kamuse wi t z  H..Co l l o i ds  Su  A  l  Phys i co c hem. Eng.As pe c t s.1 998. 138.353  

[ 14] Wang  Q.。Dor di ck  J.S..Li nha r dt  R.J..Chem.Mat e r.,   2002, 14,3232 

[15] Ladmi r a l   V..Mel i a  E.,Haddl et on D.M..Eur.Po lym.   ‘ ,..2OO4,40.431  

t r i l e   i s   i m pr oved  ef f ec t i vel y.Furt her   wor k  c oncer n—   i ng t he  f abr i c at i on of  t hese  sugar — - c ont ai ne d pol y. .   acr yl oni t r i l e— based  copol ymer   m embr ane s  and t hei r   appl i c at i ons   i n  he m odi al ysi s   and  pr ot e i ns   separ at i on  i s  unde r   way  i n  our  l ab.  

[16] Fe rr e i r a  L..Vi dal  M.M..Ger al des  C.F.G.C.,f t口, ..   Carbohydr.Po lym..2咖

.4J,15 

[1   7] Car nei r o  M.J ..Fe r nande s  A.,Fi guei r edo  C.M.,et   a1 ..   Carbohydr.Pot ym..2OO1.45,135 

[18] Li n  W.P.,Hsi eh  Y.L..War gani ch  D.,e t  a1 .,Pol yme r.   1998。39,4911 

[19] xu  z.K..Kou   R.Q.,Li u  Z.M.,e t   a1 ..Mac ro r ao le cul es .   References 

[1] Ni c o  S.,Hei nz   B..De s al i nat i on.2 001.139,191   [2] Ray  S.K..Sa want  S.B..Jos hi  J .B..e t   a1 ..J.Memb r.   Sci.. 1999.154.1 

2O03,36,2441  

[2O] Tal l e y  E.A..Val e  M.D..Yanovs ky  E.。J.Am.Che m.   S  ..1945. 67,2037  

Syntheses and Surface Properties of Polyacrylonitrile ...

grade),and filtrated,and then washed three times. with ethanol to remove the residues.The obtained. copolymer was dried under vacuum at 50 ℃ to a. constant weight. The yield (conversion of the. monomers)was calculated by the mass ratio of the. copolymer product to the total monomers in the. feed.

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