TEST STUDY GUIDE: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION—ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1 & 2 Essential Question #1: What factors contributed to the turning point known as the Industrial Revolution and how did these factors change the societies of Western Europe? Learning Target A: Compare and contrast the society of eighteenth century Europe to Western societies today. *Refer to handout, “Rural Village Life in Eighteenth Century Europe” *Focus on the the following characteristics or terms: life expectancy, Marriage age & mortality rate, infant mortality, social classes, the commons, fuel sources and coal mining operation Learning Target B: Identify the causes of the Industrial Revolution and explain how these various factors transformed the societies of eighteenth century Europe *Refer to the handout, “Industrial Revolution: Urban Game Script” *Study the following questions: 1. What were the benefits of the canal? How did it contribute to a population explosion? 2. Why did the agricultural revolution (inventions and improved farming techniques) put the peasant landowner out of business? 3. What were the effects of the water frame? 4. Who are capitalists? 5. Why was there an unlimited supply of workers for the factories? 6. What are tenements? 7. How did the steam engine transform factories and transportation? 8. What is the puddling process? 9. Explain the importance of colonies and coal on the rise of industrialism in Great Britain (refer to notes) Learning Target C: Analyze the impact of the industrial Revolution on the living and working conditions of the working class. (refer to handouts) 10. What were the various environmental hazards in the new industrialized urban centers? 11. What health factors and living/work hazards contributed to a 10-year decline in life expectancy? Essential Question #2: How did the workers of the Industrial Revolution fight to pursue a higher standard of living? Learning Target A: Examine how the economic views of Smith, Malthus and Ricardo differed from the views of reformers like Bentham and Mill (Refer to notes) *Memorize the differences between the economists (physiocrats) and the reformer’s views over the following: •laws of the economy •the government’s role in the economy and poverty •the effects of population Learning Target B: Summarize the successes and failures of collective action (Refer to notes) *Describe problems with the working conditions that needed reform *Define and describe the effects of the following actions: Government laws, strikes, unions