AIAA 2007-1316

45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit 8 - 11 January 2007, Reno, Nevada

  

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Generates a single vortex ring u t

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Pulse width

crossflow x

Each time period generates a vortex ring

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u t Square wave excitation

Time period

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The Effect of Crossflow on Vortex Rings

The trailing column enhances the entrainment significantly because of the high pressure gradient created by deformation of the column upon interacting with crossflow. It is shown that the crossflow reduces the stroke ratio beyond which the trailing column forms. This reduction in stroke ratio is due to entrainment of crossflow ...

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polar vortex: Effects on Antarctic total ozone observations at var- ious stations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01805, doi:10.1029/. 2010GL045542. 1. Introduction. [2] The discovery of significant stratospheric ozone depletion in the mid‐1980s [e.g.,

Effect of earthworms on the community structure of ...
Nov 29, 2007 - Murrell et al., 2000). The development and application of suitable molecular tools have expanded our view of bacterial diversity in a wide range ...

The effect of Quinine on Spontan.Rhythmic contrac. of Rabbit Ileal ...
The effect of Quinine on Spontan.Rhythmic contrac. of Rabbit Ileal smoot. musc..pdf. The effect of Quinine on Spontan.Rhythmic contrac. of Rabbit Ileal smoot.

Effect of Torcetrapib on the Progression of Coronary ...
29 Mar 2007 - additional use of these data to understand the mechanisms for adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed in the suspended torcetrapib trial. Methods. Study Design. The Investigation of Lipid Level Management Us- ing Coronary Ultrasound to

Effect of Torcetrapib on the Progression of Coronary ...
Mar 29, 2007 - Pinnacle Health at Harrisburg Hospital, ... of Lipid Level Management to Understand Its Im- ...... College of Cardiology Task Force on Clin-.

An examination of the effect of messages on ...
Feb 9, 2013 - regarding promises rather than testing guilt aversion under double-blind procedures or discriminating among various models of internal motivation. (5) In CD, messages were sent before As made their decisions, and Roll choices were made

An examination of the effect of messages on ... - Springer Link
Feb 9, 2013 - procedure to test the alternative explanation that promise keeping is due to external influence and reputational concerns. Employing a 2 × 2 design, we find no evidence that communication increases the overall level of cooperation in o

25 Effect of the Brazilian thermal modification process on the ...
25 Effect of the Brazilian thermal modification process ... Part 1: Cell wall polymers and extractives contents.pdf. 25 Effect of the Brazilian thermal modification ...

The Effect of the Internet on Performance, Market ...
May 19, 2017 - are not the most popular ones, without affecting other movies. .... studies the impact of various policy, economic, and social changes, .... net users–where Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. ..... on the

The Effect of Second-Language Instruction on the ...
Jun 1, 2007 - into account the mental maturity of the children, no significant differences .... off-campus location, you may be required to first logon via your ...

The effect of time synchronization errors on the ...
In large wireless sensor networks, the distribution of nodes can be looked at in ...... tems with Rayleigh fading”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,. Vol.

The effect of management structure on the performance ...
Mar 4, 2009 - procedure. In a multi-domain network a particular network management/controller may have complete information about its own domain but ...

Doing and Learning: The Effect of One on the Other
Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Education in Technology and Science. Introduction. During the last ... constructing, and debugging some amazing machinery, their social and communication skills improved. Another .... o A change

The Effect of Second-Language Instruction on the ...
Jun 1, 2007 - In ,June, again in groups of five to seven, all subjects took the California ... achievement, and the California Reading Test, as a major subsection. Results of .... College; M.A., Univ. of Minnesota; Ph.D., Penn. State University ...

Reconsidering the Effect of Market Experience on the ... - lameta
Jun 10, 2010 - University, Royal Holloway, The Paris School of Economics and the LSE, .... market in which subjects can trade with each other without any ...

The Effect of the Financial Crisis on Remittance ...
the economic growth rate in advanced economies is unlikely to reduce the flow of ... despite the crisis, whereas countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.