The Kiddy Carousel: Visual Exploration During Active and Passive Locomotion Kari S. Kretch & Karen E. Adolph New York University
BACKGROUND
NICHD Grant # R37-HD033486 to KEA
DISTRIBUTION OF GAZE DIRECTION
• Held & Hein’s (1963) “Kitty Carousel” highlighted the importance of active (contrasted with passive) locomotion for learning & development
Exploratory Walking
Target Retrieval
• Our “Kiddy Carousel” paradigm contrasts visual exploration during active & passive locomotion
METHOD
Caregiver
• 15 dyads: 9-month-old infants & their caregivers
Caregiver
Infant
• During target retrieval, active caregivers pointed eyes straight ahead on targets; passive infants looked to sides
Infant
• During free walking, both infants & caregivers rarely looked straight ahead; mostly explored objects on lateral walls
TIMING OF GAZE DIRECTION • Caregiver and baby looked at the same surface only 34% of the time • Caregivers walked through hallways; infants rode in forward-facing carrier near caregivers’ eye level • Head-mounted eye-trackers recorded gaze direction • 2 tasks: goal-directed target retrieval & free exploratory walking 3rd person view of caregiver’s locomotor path
Torso movement
Infant’s field of view
Caregiver’s field of view
CONCLUSIONS
point of gaze
• Both actively locomoting caregivers & passively locomoting infants visually explored the environment during locomotion; caregivers used locomotor movements to facilitate this exploration • During goal-directed locomotion, caregivers continually attended to the goal, but infants did not • Although caregivers and infants moved through the same path, their visual experiences were markedly different
The Kiddy Carousel: Visual Exploration During Active ...
forward-facing carrier near caregivers' eye level. ⢠Head-mounted eye-trackers recorded gaze direction. ⢠2 tasks: goal-directed target retrieval & free exploratory walking. 3rd person view of caregiver's locomotor path. Caregiver's field of view. Torso movement point of gaze. ⢠Held & Hein's (1963) âKitty Carouselâ highlighted.
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