HISTORY 12 THE RISE OF HITLER AND THE NAZI PARTY A) THE RISE OF ADOLF HITLER -After WW1 he organized the National Socialist German Workers Party-Nazis -His program denounced Versailles, Communists, Jews, and the Weimar Government -Led uprising in 1923-Beer Hall Putsch- was jailed, wrote Mein Kampf -Once out, Hitler organized the Nazis along military linesuniforms, swastika, Secret Police (SS) -Developed intensely nationalist program: 1) Unite all Germans in a common state 2) Cancellation of Versailles Treaty and reparations 3) Regain Germany’s lost colonies 4) Full-scale rearmament ***Appealed to many-including the wealthy, because it engendered pride and patriotism and it was an alternative to communism. *Note elements of Fascism B)HITLER SEIZES POWER -The Nazi Party gradually increased its numbers in the Reichstag (Parliament) between 1928 and 1933. -1928-1 million, 1930-7 million, July ‘32- 11million, Nov ’32-13 million. - By January 1933, Hitler’s Nazis had more seats than any other party but was not a majority. *President Hindenberg was persuaded by von Papen to make Hitler Chancellor. (Jan ’33) *Reichstag Fire in Feb ‘33 -Likely “arranged” by Hitler -Blamed on the Communists, Hitler’s main opposition in the Reichstag.

-Hitler knew he would get the “fear vote” from those who feared a communist revolution. -Got 17,000,000 votes and a majority in the March ’33 election *Enabling Act in March ‘33 -The Reichstag-with only Nazis in attendance-passed an Act which gave Hitler full dictorial power for four years. *Fuhrer- Hitler combined the positions of President and Chancellor when Hindenberg died in July ‘34 C) HITLER IN POWER -Appealed to emotion (cruelty, pride, greed, envy) rather than reason. - Master Race concept: Germans inherently superior. - Anti-Semitism (Persecution of Jews): Kristallnacht ’38, Nuremburg Laws ’34, “Final Solution”: total elimination of Jews -Scapegoats: All Jews and Communists blamed -Economic resources all channelled to war production with GOERING in charge. -Lebensraum- Germans entitled to living space -SS/Gestapo- Secret police that silenced oppression. HIMMLER in charge -“Night of the Long Knives”: in ’34, Hitler eliminated the SA (ROHM and STRASSER) because he needed the support of a regular army. - Propaganda: control of radio, press, and ultimately the mind. GOEBBELS in charge.

“STEPS” BY HITLER 1934-Combined positions of Chancellor and President, named himself Fuhrer 1935- Repudiated Versailles and armed Germany. 1936- Repudiated Versailles- troops in Rhineland 1936- Rome/Berlin/Tokyo Axis formed 1936- Olympics-refused to give medal to Owens 1936- Assists Franco in Spanish Civil War 1938- Repudiated Versailles- Anschluss with Austria 1938- Repudiated Versailles- annexes Sudetenland 1939- Makes “Non Aggression Pact” with Stalin 1939- Invaded Poland- WWII starts D) WHY DID DEMOCRACY (WEIMAR REPUBLIC) FAIL??? 1) Germans had no experience in democratic government- they were used to disciplined control. 2) The Weimer Government had to enforce the Treaty of Versailles. 3) Inflation ruined the economic stability of the middle classthey tended to blame government. 4) There were too many political parties- the disenchanted could find a party to support. 5) Hitler’s violent anti-communist policy drew support 6) The Depression hit Germany hard- the NAZI program offered a way out and an alternative to communism.

HITLER DATES Beer Hall Putsch In Jail, writes Mein Kampf 1,000,000 votes-12 Reichstag seats 7,000,000 votes-107 “ “ 14,000,000 votes-230 “ “ 12,000,000 votes- 196 “ “ Becomes Chancellor Reichstag Fire 17,000,000 votes-288 seats Enabling Act Night of the Long Knives Hitler becomes Fuhrer Kristal Nacht

1923 1923/24 1928 election 1930 election 1932 election 1932 election Jan. 1933 Feb. 1933 Mar. 1933 election Mar. 1933 June 1934 July 1934 Nov. 1938

HISTORY 12 THE RISE OF HITLER AND THE NAZI PARTY B) THE RISE OF ADOLF HITLER -After WW1 he organized the National German Workers Party. -His program denounced , Jews, and the Government -Led uprising in 1923-Beer Hall Putsch- was jailed, wrote . -Once out, Hitler organized the Nazis along military linesuniforms, . -Developed intensely nationalist program: 1) Unite all Germans in a . 2) Cancellation of Versailles . 3) Regain Germany’s lost colonies 4) Full-scale . ***Appealed to many-including the wealthy, because it engendered pride and patriotism and it was an alternative to communism. *Note elements of Fascism B)HITLER SEIZES POWER -The Nazi Party gradually increased its numbers in the_____________ (Parliament) between 1928 and 1933. -1928-1 million, 1930-7 million, July ‘32- 11million, Nov ’32-13 million. - By January 1933, Hitler’s Nazis had more seats than any other party but was not a majority. *President Hindenberg was persuaded by von Papen to make Hitler _____________.(Jan ’33) *_____________________ -Likely _____________by Hitler -Blamed on the_________________, Hitler’s main opposition in the Reichstag.

-Hitler knew he would get the ________________ from those who feared a communist revolution. -Got 17,000,000 votes and a _________ in the March ’33 election *_____________ in March ‘33 -The Reichstag-with only Nazis in attendance-passed an Act which gave Hitler __________________________________. *____________ - Hitler combined the positions of President and Chancellor when Hindenberg died in July ‘34 C) HITLER IN POWER -Appealed to __________(cruelty, pride, greed, envy) rather than __________. - ________________concept: Germans inherently superior. - ________________ (Persecution of Jews): Kristallnacht ’38, Nuremburg Laws ’34, “Final Solution”: total elimination of Jews -______________________: All Jews and Communists blamed -Economic resources all channelled to war production with GOERING in charge. -____________________- Germans entitled to living space -__________________- Secret police that silenced oppression. HIMMLER in charge -________________________ in ’34, Hitler eliminated the SA ______________________ because he needed the support of a regular army. -____________________: control of radio, press, and ultimately the mind. GOEBBELS in charge.

“STEPS” BY HITLER 1934-Combined positions of Chancellor and President, named himself ______________ 1935- Repudiated Versailles and armed Germany. 1936- Repudiated Versailles- troops in _______________ 1936- Rome/Berlin/Tokyo Axis formed 1936- Olympics-refused to give medal to _____________ 1936- Assists Franco in ___________________ 1938- Repudiated Versailles- ___________with Austria 1938- Repudiated Versailles- annexes ______________ 1939- Makes _______________________ with Stalin 1939- Invaded_________________- WWII starts D) WHY DID DEMOCRACY (WEIMAR REPUBLIC) FAIL??? 7) Germans had __________________ in democratic government- they were used to disciplined control. 8) The Weimer Government had to enforce the __________________________. 9) ________________ ruined the economic stability of the middle class- they tended to blame government. 10) There were too many political parties- the ____________________could find a party to support. 11) Hitler’s violent __________________ policy drew support 12) The ____________________hit Germany hard- the NAZI program offered a way out and an alternative to communism.