Time and Works of Narasimha -By Arun Kumar Upadhyay, IPS, M.Sc., AIFC B-9, CB-9, Cantonment Road, Cuttack-753001 0671-2304172/2304433, Mobile-9437034172 Email
1. Aim-Narasimha is an avat¢ra (incarnation) of Vi¾´u which are linked to the wars between Asuras and Devas. Thus, we have to ascertain the area of Devas and Asuras and their place in world politics and the approximate time of the wars, their purpose, and effects. What is Vi¾´u and his incarnations is also to be known. Then what are the places of Narasimha and in particular Narasimha-n¢tha in Paikm¢la in Baragarh district of Orissa. 2. Vi¾nu and his incarnations-The Supreme Lord is one. He is creator, created, place and process of creation, result and stages thereof, material and different directions of creation, and different stages of the world. In that sense, he is called D¢ru-Brahma. Brahma means-the highest, always growing, and who does bhara´a=looking after. D¢ru means wood, tree, forest. As the Supreme being is within every body, the making of man is same as making of Jagann¢tha idol. Body of man is not consuming earth and stones directly, it is built by eating plant products-called d¢ru. As man is D¢ru-creature, The Supreme Jagann¢tha also is D¢ru-Brahma. Other meanings are1. It is chain of creation from formless ocean of source material called rasa to 5 levelsSv¢yambhuva ma´²ala (Universe), Parame¾°h¤ ma´²ala (galaxy), Saura-ma´²ala (solar system), Ch¢ndra ma´²ala (sphere containing moon orbit which has normal conditions of life), and Bh¦-ma´²ala (earth planet). The chain is represented by roots of plant as source called up and stem, branches down wards. That reverse tree as chain is eternal, but the end products are individual objects closed within boundary (chhandas) which die away after their lifeG¤t¢ (15/1). 2. It is material of creations. In same way, timber of trees is used to make furniture etc. In general any material is called wood or tree. 3. It is different stages of creation like parts of tree from root to leaves. 4. It is a forest of trees like different chains of creation at different places and times. 5. It is place and foundation of creation like a forest. 6. It is himself static like a tree, creation is His desire only creates. Source material and creator aspect is called Brahm¢, maintaining the chain or cycle of creation, called yaj®a is Vi¾´u. Perception of the world and its steady decay is ¹iva. Vi¾´u is static aspect called sleeping. Its active aspect is called Jagann¢tha. In Durg¢saptaºat¤, chapter 1, when Lord was sleeping, he has been called Vi¾´u and after he is awake after leaving of Yogam¢y¢, he has been called Jagann¢tha. In literature, jagata and viºva-both mean the world. But in Veda and pur¢´as, their technical meaning is different- Vi¾´u is always called Jagann¢tha and ¹iva is Viºvan¢tha. Viºva is any part visible within a boundary which is complete and inter-connected (¹vet‘ºvatara upani¾ad 5/16 etc). galaxy, earth, man, its cell, atom, atomic particles-all are viºva. Jagata is an abstract aspect of viºva which is not visible. It is the process of life, action. 3. Eternal Avat¢ra-The source has been called up, so its resulting stages are down. A lower form of God, is descending, so it is called avat¢ra (=descending). The stages of creation in space are eternal incarnations, which are 5-
(1) Matsya (Fish)-The whole universe is a sea in which galaxies are floating like fish. Thus, the last zodiac sign is called M¤na (Pieces)=fish. Its lord is P¦¾¢ called Viºvaved¢=knowing all. (2) K¦rma (Tortoise)-Creation of galaxy is in elongated spherical zone whose shape is like back of K¦rma. InVedas, it is called k¦rma as it does work (kurmah=we do). It is a zone of radiation (Go=light rays), so it is called Goloka in Brahma-vaivartta pur¢´a, Prak¨ti kha´²a, chapter 3. This is the eternal field in which the great child called Mah¢-vi¾´u (galaxy) is created. This is also called B¢la-Gop¢la (Child managing Goloka). Its size is 1018 yojana, i.e. 10 times the size of galaxy of 1017 yojajans. (3) Var¢ha-It means Boar, which is an animal of water and earth both. But the Boar on whose teeth the earth looks like a dot is not the animal. It has to be many times bigger than earthabout 2000 tmes. V¢yu pur¢´a (6/12), tells that it is 100 yojana high (from sun) and its body is 10 yojana wide. Thus, earth is somewhere between 100 and 110 yojanas from sun. In terms of sun diameter as unit, distance of earth is 108-109 units. Thus, sun diameter is called yojana here. Size of earth is 1/109 yojana, i.e. about 1000 times smaller. In another unit, it has been called 212=4000 times bigger than earth in vedas. The spread material in space is called water and spread is ocean. For each level, there is an ocean-(1) Sanyat¤ ocean creating Svayambh¦ (=self -created universe), spread of rasa. (2) Sarasvat¤ ocean of ¡p or V¢h (v¢ri) because it contains the whole (av¢pnoti=obtains) creating galaxy. Its lord is Varu´a=lord of v¢ri. (3) Ar´ava ocean with mara (=mortal), water with lord called Mar¤chi (lord of mara)=sun. It is closest to us, so called Mitra (friend) also. This created solar system). (4) Ocean of water on earth. Earth of 3 levels (earth planet, solar system, galaxy) are created from these oceans. The intermediate stages of creation between earths-oceans are called Var¢ha, living on earth and water both. This is like a cloud-a mixture of air and water, so var¢ha means cloud also. The stage from which creation started is called ¡ditya (¢di=beginning). ¡ditya of universe, galaxy, solar system are called Aryam¢ (¡jam in Arabic), Varu´a, Mitra. Intermediate forms or Var¢ha of these are-(1)¡di-var¢ha, (2) K¦rma or Yaj®a (creation in cycle) var¢ha, (3) ¹veta-var¢ha =white or bright zone. Bh¦-var¢ha is creator of earth which took it out from Ar´ava ocean. The layer of clouds in atmosphere is Em¦¾a-var¢ha (adjacent). (4) Yaj®a-This is eternal cycle of creation at different levels. (5) V¢mana (dwarf)- This is compact form. For us, the field of sun (gravitational or bright zone) is body (ratha=chariot), of sun, its soul is body of sun called V¢mana. Ratha of sun in Vi¾´u pur¢´a etc. is stated to be 15.75 million yojanas (1 yojana=sun diameter) This is a sphere of diameter of 2 light years. There is no defintion or estimate of solar system in modern times. The zone of solid planets till mars is called dadhi-v¢mana (curd is solid form). This is the size of dadhi samudra (ocean of curd) in Bh¢gavata pur¢´a, part 5. In human body, ¢tm¢ (controller soul) is the V¢mana, body is ratha. In ratha-y¢tr¢, we have to see the V¢mana in the ratha. Sun is Vi¾´u as it encloses the planets within its pull. His 3 steps are zones of heat, brightness, light till 100, 1000, 105 yojanas(=sun diameter) from sun. These are within solar system. Parama-pada (limiting step) is galaxy at the end of which sun looks like a star. After that, it is not visible. This is one of the methods stated in books of astronomy that size of galaxy is that distance at which sun will look like an average star. Thus, parama-pada or galaxy is Mah¢-Vi¾´u. 4. Human incarnations- Supreme creator, the conscious being Puru¾a is seen at 4 levels(1) Kºara-physical form which is always decaying. (2) Akºara=functional identity (k¦°astha).
(3) Avyaya (same total)-This is chain of continuous transformations called reverse tree. (4) Par¢tpara-in which there is no distinction between different objects-all are one. Perception of change is called K¢la (=time), ruled by ¹iva who is perception aspect of Brahma. K¢la of the 4 levels are-(1) Nitya=eternal which always decays any object or system, called entropy in second law of thermodynamics. (2) Janya (=creative)-Creation is in cycles called yaj®a and measure of its cycle is called janya, which is unit of time-day, month, year etc. (3) Akºaya k¢la=total time of gross structures in space. (4) Par¢tpara-which is beyond imagination. Thus, Puru¾a (=man, Supreme being also) is called an Aja (=unborn, goat) of 4 legs. In same sense, it has been called Bakar in holy Koran which means God, or any 4 footed animal. The largest chapter Al-Bakarah is translated as the cow. It also means camel, goat or sheep. Bakrid is worship of Bakar. Levels starting from kºara merge successively into higher aspects, called sacrifice of self, symbolized by offer of coconut, a symbol of head. The 4 levels and 4 types of changes are called 4 vy¦ha (formations) explained in R¢m¢nuja philosophy. Commonly, they are 4 hands of Vi¾´u holding 4 objects-ºa¬kha, chakra, gad¢, padma. The permutation of 4 objects in 4 hands is in 4x3x2x1=24 ways, so there are 24 incarnations of Vi¾´u. This is same as 24 T¤rthankaras of Jaina. Combination of 4 objects in 2 hands can be in 10 ways, so there are 10 incarnations in short list. This is same as permutation of j®¢na, bala, kriy¢-symbolized by Jagann¢tha, Balabhadra, Subhadr¢.
Z Vñ` H$m`ª H$aU§ Z {dÚVo, Z VËg_íMmä`{YH$íM Ñí`VoŸ& namñ` e{º${d©{dY¡d ly`Vo ñdm^m{dH$s kmZ-~b-{H«$`m MŸ&& (ídoVmídVa Cn{ZfX² 6/8) =He has no work nor implements. There is none equal, how greater can be seen ? His power is beyond imagination, heard in many forms. His nature is seen in three foms-J®¢na (knowledge), Bala (force), Kriy¢ (action). (written below wall paintings of 10 incarnations in ma´²apa of Mah¢lakºm¤ temple in Jagann¢tha temple, Puri). If we name them as a.b.c-the permutatios are-a,b,c,ab,ba,ac,ca,bc,cb, abc=10 forms. K¨i¾´a had all the 3, so he is called Bhagav¢na and almost same as Jagann¢tha. As Narasimha, bala (force) was the main thing, so his place is called Bal¢chala or Balangir (achala or giri=hill). 5. Action by avat¢ras-The 3 lokas of Devas under Indra were-Russia (§¾¤ka), China (Ch¤na, of Mah¢na tribe=Han), Bh¢rata. Seen from below (south), Bh¢rata looks like an inverted triangle, called ºakti-triko´a. Being the main among 9 parts of Bh¢rata from Arab to Indonesia, its is called Kum¢rik¢-kha´²a. Seen from above, it is bound by semi circular Himalayas like crescent of moon. In addition, it is cold like moon. As moon spreads light of sun to world, India also spreads divine light or knowledge to world. In all the three respects, Bh¢rata was called Indu (=moon) which was pronounced as Inde by the Greek. Ruler of India was called Agni.(agra´¤ =leader). As he was able to feed (bhara´a) the world, Agni was called Bharata and the contry as Bh¢rata (Yajurveda 11/16, ¹atapatha br¢hma´a 1/4/2/2, 1/5/1/8, 1/5/ 19/8, 2/2/4/2,6/1/1/11, §k 1/161/14,4/25/4 etc.). Lord of east part was Indra, in west were-Mitra in Iran and Varu´a in Arab. Varu´a is called lord of Y¢dasa=Taj tribe who are in Tajikistan now. He was overlord of Pashas in west Asia now, and was called P¢º¤. He had great naval power and was called lord of waters (Jalaram). Asura empire was centered in north Africa whose Libya part is named after Prahl¢da, son of Hira´ya-kaºipu. There main influence was in P¢t¢la (north America). South America was Ras¢tala ruled by N¢gas under ¹e¾an¢ga. Europe was inhabited by Daitya (Dutch, Deutsch) in west and D¢nava (Danube river) in east.
Broad chronology is given in Brahm¢´²a, Matsya and V¢yu pur¢´as. After glacial floods in about 31000 BC, Svayambhuva Manu was the first human Brahm¢ to start the civilization in 29,102 BC. He was 26000 years before start of kali in 3102 BC. Vaivasvata Manu was 43 yugas (of 360 years each) or about 16000 years after him and then 28 yugas or about 10000 years passed till kali start(Brahm¢´²a pur¢´a 1/2/9/36-37,1/2/29/19, Matsya pur¢´a 129/ 76-77, Bhavi¾ya pur¢´a 3/4/18,26). Cycle of historic yugas is of 24000 years which is same as the glacial cycle explained in my books Vedic view of ¹r¤ Jagann¢tha and S¢nkhya-siddh¢nta. First half is avasarpi´¤ (descending) from satya, tret¢, dv¢para, kali of 4800, 3600, 2400, 1200 years. Second half is utsarpi´¤ (ascending) with yugas in reverse order starting with Kali. Now it is 3rd cycle called day of human Brahm¢ in which kali of avasarpi´¤ was from 3102 to 1902 BC and then utsarpi´¤ kali from 1902 to 702 BC, dv¢para till 1699 AD and then tret¢ is running. Mah¢bh¢rata, º¢nti parva (232/32-35) has stated that tret¢ is the period of yaj®a or industrial production. Thus, industrial revolution started in 1699 and after 300 years of sandhy¢ (junction), information era has started in 1999 AD. Vaivasvata Manu in 13902 BC is the transition zone. Prior to that, Asuras were supreme for 10 yugas (3600 years) and then Devas for 10 yugas. In about 10000 BC, there was glacial floods during period of Vaivasvata Yama caled Jamshed in Zend-Avesta. After the floods, §¾abha Deva was last among Devas and 11th Vedavy¢sa in about 9500 BC who revived the Vedic civilization. Though there were 17 more Vy¢sas till K¨¾´a-dvaip¢yana in 3102 BC, no body after §¾bhadevaji created any Vedic mantra. So, he is the first T¤rthankara of Avasarpi´¤. The last was Mah¢v¤ra, born just before closing of avasarpi´¤ in 1902 BC-on 14.3.1905 BCabout 18 years before 31.3.1886 BC when Siddh¢rtha Buddha was born. Decline of Asuras started with killing of Hira´y¢kºa byVar¢ha incarnation. Zenda Avesta tells that he went by boats in Amazon river and had put a mask of Boar worshipped by Asuras. So he went up to capital there un opposed and killed Hira´y¢kºa. There after, Asuras hated Boar which is an abuse in Islam. His younger brother Hira´yakaºipu was killed by Narasimha, who was called lion among men due to his strength. He is projected as lion with human face (Sphinx) in Ezypt and as a man with lion face in India. Thereafter, kings were called Simha (lion) for respect-in L¢ng¦lopani¾ad, R¢ma has been called Ramachandra Simha. After killing Hira´yakaºipu, Narasimha settled in ¹ri-parvata as per Narasimha pur¢´a (44/38.39).
BÝÐmo@{n gd©Xod¡ñVw h[aUm ñWm{nVmo {X{dŸ& Zaqghmo@{n ^JdmZ² gd©bmoH${hVm` d¡Ÿ&38Ÿ& lr e¡b{eIa§ àmß` {dlw$V: gwany{OV:Ÿ& pñWVmo ^º${hVmWm©` A^º$mZm§ j`m` MŸ&39Ÿ& ¹ri parvata extended upto Sr¤ºailam in Andhra pradesh from where ¹iva had fired missiles on B¢´a ruling towns of Vi¾´u, ¹iva, Brahm¢ (Puri, Bhubaneswar, Brahmapur). The missiles after destroying B¢´a ruling in Banpur formed a j¢la (net) of arrows called Jaleswar (Skanda pur¢´a, Rev¢kha´²a 165). Guptas belonged to this area and were servants of Andhra kings. Later on, Sanandana of Chola region on banks of K¢ver¤ worshipped Narasimha at ¹r¤-parvata called Bal¢chala in ¹ankara-Digvijaya (11/46).
nwam {H$bmhmo ~b^yYamJ«o nwÊ`§ g_m{lË` {H$_ß`aÊ`_²Ÿ& ^º ç¡H$dí`§ ^JdÝV_oZ§ Ü`m`ÞZoH$mZ² {XdgmZZ¡f_²Ÿ&46& Bal¢chala is now called Balangir or Bolangir. Sanandana was first disciple of ¡di-¹ankara called Padmap¢da and became first ¹ankar¢ch¢rya of Puri in 483 BC (Yudhi¾°hira ºaka2655), Vaiº¢kha ºukla 10th. Wife of Narasimha was Lakºm¤ , also called ¹r¤ (Lakºm¤-N¨simha stotra). After Narasimha, V¢mana duped Bali, grandson of Prahl¢da to make Indra as lord of 3 lokas. Bali went back to P¢t¢la (north America). Slightly after that, K¦rma pursuaded Deva
and Asuras to stop fight and cooperate for exploring mineral wealth-called samudra-manthana. Expanse of earth crust is also ocean (samudra) and extraction of minerals is its churning (manthana). This was done In mineral belt of India from Bilaspur to Ghatsila at the top of which lies Mand¢ra hill in Bhagalpur district whereV¢sukinatha shrine exists. Asuras of Africa were in direction of Nir¨ti (south-west), called negrito now. They were experts in excavation, hence all are still settled in the mining region having titles related to minerals-(1) Mu´d¢=iron ore, mura=iron (murrum), (2) Hansad¢=survey and finding ores like hansa (swan), (3) Kerketta-Locating mines on map, karka°a=compass.(3) Oram-gold, Aurum=gold in Greek. (4) Hembram=working with gold. Hema=gold. (5) Khalko-copper. Xalco=copper in Greek, Chalco-pyrite is copper ore. Center of iron ore area was Mur¢ town which has submerged in Hirakud reservoir in 1956 and shifted to Burla. Veda branch of that area was Mu´²aka whose upani¾ad remains. Br¢hma´a of that branch have Mu´²a title. Kºatriyas of Mur¢ were called Maurya. Gods were experts in refiningsmall amount of gold and silver from ores. They went to Zimbabwe (J¢mb¦nada gold) and Mexico (M¢kºika=silver) for refining gold and silver. Asuras were dissatisfied that Devas took supremacy by deceit and always felt that they could have won in war. Superiority was established by military victory of K¢rttikeya whose army called may¦ra (peacock)was naval power in Pacific region. He destroyed Krau®cha dv¤pa (North America) by missile attack. For maintaining military communication in pacific, he devised a shorthand script of tamil by changing meanings of 50 out of 2000 root verbs of sanskrit. It is generally believed that he was dissatisfied that Ga´eºa was made head of state despite victory by him. That dissatisfaction could not have made a long lasting language. Till today, Maoris of Pacific islands spread over the largest region of world 12000 kms in length and breadth speak the same language, which has descended from Tamil. Captain Cook had brought a Maori interprator from Hawai island who signed in treaty with Maori king of Newzealand in 1835 (Indian history in18vols. by BHISHMA, Bombay 1995, Vol16, pages 110-116). Tamil is shortened by merging initial 4 letters in each group of sanskrit consonants. Discrete objects are Brahma´ya, pattern by merging them is Subrahma´ya. Subrahma is merging of Brahma parts by sveda (sweet) as per Gopatha Br¢hma´a (1/1). Matsya incarnation was in 9533 BC when Jovian years of Pit¢maha and Saura methods both started with years Prabhava when Jupiter is in Pu¾ya star in Karka sign not in the first sign and star (Vi¾´u-dharmottara-pur¢´a 82/7,8). After 5100 years again they started together in 4433 BC when R¢ma was born. Some quotes are as follows-
g»`_mgrËna§ Vofm§ XodmZm_gwa¡: ghŸ& `wJm»`m Xe gånyUm©ømgrXì`mhV§ OJV²Ÿ& (69) X¡Ë`g§ñW{_X§ gd©_mgrÔe`wJ§ {H$b(92)AenÎmw VV:ewH«$mo amîQ´>§ Xe`wJ§ nwZ:(93)~«÷mÊS> nwamU(2/3/72) `wJm»`m Xe gånyUm© Xodmnm_H«$å` _yY©{ZŸ& VmdÝV_od H$mb§ d¡ ~«÷m amÁ`_^mfVŸ& (dm`w nwamU 98/51) X¡Ë`mgwao VVñVpñ_Z² dV©_mZoeV§ g_m:(62) à‡mXñ` {ZXoeo Vw `o@gwam Z ì`dpñWVm:Ÿ& (70) Y_m©Þmam`UñVñ_mËgå^yVíMmjwfo@ÝVaoŸ&71Ÿ& `k§ àdV©`km_mg M¡Ë`o d¡dñdVo@ÝVaoŸ& MVwÏ`mª Vw `wJm»`m`m_mnÞoîdgwaoîd^yŸ&(72) gå^yV: g g_wÐmÝV{h©aÊ`H${enmod©YoŸ& {ÛVr`mo Zmaqghmo@^yÐþX: gwanwa: ga:Ÿ&(73) ~{bg§ñWofw bmoHo$fw ÌoVm`m§ gßV_o `wJoŸ& X¡Ë`¡ñÌ¡bmoŠ` AmH«$mÝVo V¥Vr`mo dm_Zmo@^dV²Ÿ& (74) Z_w{M: eå~aíM¡d à‡mXíM¡d {dîUwZmŸ& (81) ÑîQ‰>m g§_w_whþ: gd} {dîUwVoO {d_mo{hVm:Ÿ&(84) EVpñVò: ñ_¥VmñVñ` {Xì`m: gå^yV`: ew^m:Ÿ& _mZwî`m: gßV `mVñ` emnOm§ñV{Þ~moYVŸ& (87)
6. Indra and Narasimha-Indra has been called Lokap¢la (ruler) of east. Center is taken as Ujjain which was 00 longitude in ancient world. Places of Indra are-(1) ¡kha´²alama´i near Bhadrak. Kha´²¢yata controls one kha´²a (part). Indra is lord of all kha´²as taken together.Thus, kºatriyas are called kha´²¢yata in Orissa only. (2) Bu²h¢r¢j¢ in Sambalpur is corruption of B¨ddhaºrav¢=first in chain of hierarchy. (3) Sambala is cantonment of army, Indra was called Bala and Balapati. (4) Att¢bir¢-Att¢=bhokt¢ or eater of food, enjoying the wealth. V¤ra=brave. Elder brother is successor of property, so he is called V¤ra in north west India. In South India, he is called Ann¢da (Ann¢). Brave inherit the land, they are right hand of king, so Att¢b¤r¢ is south of Bu²h¢r¢j¢ (dakºi´a=right hand, south, ¹atapatha br¢hma´a, 4/2/1/9). (5) Chhinnamast¢-isVajra-vairochan¤ya or vajra power of Indra. She is samlaeºvar¤, as her place is in cantonment of Sambalpur. Naturally, Narasimha stayed where the force of Indra was centered. Paikm¢l also means hill (m¢la)of foot soldiers (pad¢tika=paik). Other words related to Indra are also used in Orissa only-goj¢ (flow of light from sunconical from center and each point going in straight line), bay¢n¤ (weaving=vayana of creation by light source from sun), Bhu¢sun¤ (land of ºunah Indra), asan¢ (=polluted), Dhenk¢nal (²hakk¢=²amaru of ¹iva at Kapilas), Anugol (place of elephant army-as Ongole in Andhra pradesh, elephant army of Marathas was in Anugol of Belgam district in Karnatak), Mah¢b¢hu is used for Jagann¢tha only, r¢ga word for anger, musmus for crisp mixture (¹atapatha br¢hma´a, 6/6/3/10), °ok¢ (tokah=son in §k 1/114/8 etc), pari¾¢ (neighbour as in §k 1/ 164/20) etc. 7. Time-Var¢ha, Narasimha, V¢mana, K¢rttikeya-all the 4 were within 100 years war between Deva and Asuras before Vaivasvata Manu in 13,902 BC. At the time of K¢rttikeya, pole had shifted from Abhijit star which started in 16400 BC (Mah¢bh¢rata, Vana parva, 230/8-10). Till the supremacy of Asuras, year started with southward motion of sun-called day of Asuras in all texts of astronomy. At the time of K¢rttikeya, year start was from Dhani¾°h¢ in stead of Abhijit. Then, Dhani¾°h¢ was start of south motion of sun-in about 16000 BC. As year was starting with var¾¢ (rains), it was called var¾a. Ratha-yatr¢ is the start of new year or rains as per the ancient calender. Later on, in 13902 BC, Vaivasvata Manu, son of Vivasv¢n (Sun) started calender from vernal equinox and Chaitra month as stated in S¦rya-siddh¢nta. After glacial floods, this was revised by Maya Asura in 9323 BC at Romaka pattana (Rabat in Morocco, 900 west of Ujjain). This was just after §abhdevaj¤ had started world order. However, avat¢ras are counted in sequence of natural development of life forms from matsya (water), var¢ha (amphibian), k¦rma (land), Narasimha (half man), V¢mana (dwarf) etc. Then after §¾abhadevaji, Paraºur¢ma, R¢ma, K¨¾´a, Buddha, Kalki are in historic order. 8. Script-At time of Narasimha, Br¢hm¤ script was used in India. The world order was set by earlier Brahm¢ at Pu¾kara (120 west of Ujjain and 350 north-Bukhara in Uzbekistan). West (left) part from that place wrote towards left, east part India from left to right and north east (China, Japan) from top to bottom. This system still continues. Br¢hm¤ of 64 letters continues only in Karna°aka and Andhra Pradesh. After supremacy of Indra, he started Devanagar¤ with help of Marut (north west part is marut direction). So, Devan¢gar¤ is used only in north India and Orissa. Its consonants from ka to ha-are symbols of 33 devas. The script is a nagara (city) of devas in symbols, so it is devan¢gar¤. As Indra started this, he was called Lekhar¾abha. Alekha name is used in Orissa only. K¢rttikeya further shortened it to Tamil.
