UDC 595.773.4 (4-013)

Entomological Review, 72 (5), 1993 (May)

35–47

Fruitflies of the Genus Urophora R.-D (Diptera, Tephritidae) of East Palearctic. II. Review of Species of the Subgenus Urophora s. str. (Communication 1)* V. A. KORNEYEV and I. M. WHITE Institute of Zoology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev; International Institute of Entomology of the Commonwealth Agriculture Bureau, London Abstract. The typical subgenus of Urophora is divided into several species groups, which along with the species included within them, are described on the basis of authentic material, including U. (U.) anthropovi sp. n. and U. (U.) sciadocousiniae sp. n. Special attention is paid to ovipositor characters and host plants. Thirteen figures are provided, including one of a complete fly. Keywords. Diptera; Tephritidae; Urophora (s. str.); systematics (U. anthropovi sp. n., sciadocousiniae sp. n.). In this and following communications species of tephritid flies of the subgenus Urophora are considered. The structure of species review and terminology accepted here are as in our first publication dedicated to W Palearctic species of Urophora (White and Korneyev, 1989); species redescribed and revised in the preceding work were only from materials additional to those that had been published earlier; new synonymy, as a rule, is offered without redescription. Unlike in the first paper, species are not arranged in alphabetical sequence, but are grouped according to their most important identification characters and association with certain groups of food plants. Only the type, dissected, and positively identified material is cited (usually ♀♀ and reared ♂♂). In this first communication groups of species without processes on the apex of the ovipositor blade are considered; in a second communication species with two pairs of processes or with partly yellow margins of scutum will be considered. Reviews of species with one pair of processes of the blade of ovipositor, a key to Palearctic species, and a checklist of literature cited will be included in the third and fourth communications. Materials investigated in the process of this work were kindly provided by the following individuals and organizations: V. A. Richter, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZIAS); A. V. Antropov, A. L. Ozerov, and A. I. Shatalkin, Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (ZMMU); Z. A. Fedotova, Institute of Zoology of the Kazakh Academy of Sciences,

*Originally published in Entomologicheskoye obozreniye, Vol. 71, No. 3, 1992, pp. 688-699. 35

Translation re-edited by the 2nd author for his personal purposes.

Alma-Ata (IZK); V. G. Dolin, V. M. Ermolenko, M. V. Zerova, M. A. Nesterov, and I. G. Plyushch, Institute of Zoology of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev (IZU); L. B. Volkova, Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of Animals, Moscow1; V. G. Kovalev [now deceased] and I. D. Sukacheva, Palentological Institute, Moscow; V. M. Basov, Pedagogical Institute, Elabuga, Tatarstan2; V. B. Rizun, Nature Museum of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Lvov (NM.L); B. Cogan and A. Pont, Natural History Museum, London fNHML); J. Zeiegler, Deutsche Entomologische Institut, Eberswalde (DEI); J. Dirlbek, Institut Rostlinne Vyroby, Prague (IRVP); Xing-Jian Wong, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing (IZAS); Y. J. Kwon, Kyungpook National University, Taegu (Korea) (KPNU); Museum Moravski, Brno (MMB); R.-E. Contreras-Lichtenberg, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (NHMW); P. I. Persson, Narurhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm (NHRS); A. Freidberg, Tel-Aviv University (TAU); A. Dely-Draskovits, Természettudomânyi Muzeum, Budapest (TMB); A. Smith, University Museum, Oxford University, Oxford (UMO); H. Schumann, Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin (ZMHB); R. Abraham, Zoologische Museum der Universität, Hamburg (ZMUH); R. Danielsson, Zoologiska Museet Universitet Lund (ZMUL); and W. Schacht, Zoologische Staatsammlung, Munich (ZSM). We thank the collectors and curators of collections for the provided materials and the administra tion of me Institute of Zoology of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and of the All-Union Institute of Biological Methods of Plant Protection (Chişinău, Moldova) for their financial support which made it possible to conduct investigations. Materials collected by V. A. Korneyev are preserved in IZU and IBM. We are particularly grateful to our wives, E. P. Kameneva and J. White, for their constant help during collection of material and also in the preparation of the manuscript. Subgenus Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Euribia (Euribia); Hendel, 1927: 38, — Urophora (Urophora); Foote, 1984: 140; White and Korneyev, 1989: 340 (Urophora species group 1); Korneyev and White, 1991: 217 (diagnosis and synonymy). 1. Dzieduszyckii Species Group Diagnosis of the group. Head. First flagellomere darkened or yellow, palpi strongly dilated to base and black; labellum of proboscis 1.5-2.8 times as long as 1st flagellomere. Thorax. Scutum shiny, with 4 indistinct stripes, not hiding underlying cuticle; forecoxae (cx1) in ♂♂ with stiff spines and in ♀♀ with bristles, femora black. Wing with darkened base and 3-4 transverse bands. Terminalia. Apex of ovipositor blade without steps. Composition. The group includes 4 species. U. syriaca Hendel is known only from the Middle East. Biology. Species, the food plants of which are known, are associated with Echinops spp. 1. Urophora dzieduszyckii Frauenfeld (Fig. 1). Frauenfeld, 1967: 498; Foote, 1984: 141 (Urophora); Hendel, 1927: 43 (Euribia). — syriaca Hendel, 1927: 49 (Euribia); White and Korneyev, 1989: 362 (Urophora).

'Material is deposited in ZMMU and part of it in IZU. 2 Part of materials is preserved in ZIS. 36

Fig. 1. Urophora dzieduszyckii. ♂ (syntype, NML). Redescription. Head. First flagellomere yellow, medi-apically darkened to dark brown and palpi black; height of genae 0.2-0.3 height of eye; labellum 1.8-2.2 times as long as 1st flagellomere. Thorax. Scutum black, posdm-curonotal lobe yellow in medial part from posdm-curonotal seta; base of bscut on border of medial yellow and marginal black areas of scutellum. Femora black, except apices. Wing. 3ands: subbasal and extending to A1, or in form of light brown darkened to Ai and posterior margin of wing; it is fused with discal band to R4+5 or slightly wider; hyaline interval between discal and preapical bands 0.8-1.2 times as wide as preapical band at level of R4+5; preapical and apical bands fused to R4+5. Terminalia not studied. WL ♂ = 4.2-4.5. Discussion. Materials studied by one of us (Korneyev) were not furnished with type labels (except the ♂ from the collection of Kovarts (ZIS), to which bottom label with word "Typus" was pinned). To read geographic labels and establish type locality became possible through the kindness of B. B. Rizun (NML). This species is probably represented only by an isolated population in the Dniester River canyon. In the type locality with steppe, patches of Echinops are still preserved; however, we still could not collect U. dzieduszyckii again. Synonymy of this species with Euribia syriaca may be confirmed only after study of additional materials. Materials investigated. 1. Type. Syntypes (♀): 2 ♂♂, Ukraine: Ternopil Prov., Zalischiky Distr. (Sin'kiv) (= Bogdanivka) 25.VI (year and last name of collector not indicated) ZIS, NML); locality of collection of syntype (♀), recorded by Hendel (1927), not established. 2. Urophora pontica (Hering) (Figs. 2 and 3). dzieduszyckii pontica (Hering, 1937: 244; Richter, 1965: 142 (Euribia). —pontica: White and Korneyev, 1989: 355 (Urophora) (redescription and biology). Discussion. Specimens from W Europe are distinctly smaller (WL ♂ = 2.6-3.0, AL = 1.1-1.3, ALI WL = 0.35-0.45) than specimens from SE (WL ♂ = 3.48 ± 0.36, AL = 1.76 ± 0.09, AL/WL = 0.51 ± 0.04) and Lower Volga River region (WL ♀ = 3.4; AL = 1.4; AL/WL = 0.41); however, they are all slightly smaller than U. syriaca and have shorter ovipositor (WL ♀ = 3.8-4.3, AL = 2.4-2.7, AL/WL = 0.550.75). 37

Figs. 2-4. Urophora R.-D., wing (2) and apices of aculeus (3,4). 2, 3) U. pontica Hering, 4) U. solaris Korneyev (a - enlarged). Shape of inner margin of preapical band is variable. Even in the topotypic specimen from Sarepta (Fig. 2) the pattern of wing differs very little from that of U. dzieduszycki. In specimens from the Ural Mountains 11 bands are fused on the anterior margin as in some specimens of U. syriaca. It is possible that E European, W European, Middle Eastern, and C Asiatic populations are represented by several subspecies of U. dzieduszyckii; however, study of more extensive material and samples is necessary in order to confirm this proposition. Material studied (in addition to published material). Russia, European part: Volgograd Prov., "Sarepta, 92, No. 13930, 72," ♀ (Becker) (ZIS). Bashkiria: Bashkirian Reserve, 31.VI-3.VII.1986, 2 ♂♂ (Kotenko) (IZU), Kazakhstan. Tselinograd Prov.: Zerendinskoe Lake, 30.VII.1899, ♂ (Ingenitskiy) (ZIS), Kokshetau Mountains, 13.VII.1957, ♀ (Narchuk); Alma-Ata Prov.: vicinity of Alma-Ata, 17.VIII.1928, 2 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ (Shnitnikov) (ZIS), same locality, coll. 1974, emergence VIII. 1975 (No. 2509/245-74), 8.VI. 1975 (No. 2510/100-75), ♀.(X.1976 (260-76)1, 6 ♂ and 3 ♀♀ (Ivannikov) (IZK and IZU); Ketmen', 2000 m, 13.VI.1991, ♀ (Ermolenko) (IZU). 'Numbers of samples and/or herbarium specimens are given because it will be impossible to read them until most of the herbarium and notebook of the collector, A. I. Ivannikov, is found. 38

3. Urophora solaris Korneyev (Fig. 4). Korneyev, 1984: 60. Rèdescription. Head. First flagellomere yellow, medio-apical flagellomere darkened to dark rown; palpi black, labellum barely longer (1.0-1.1) than 1st flagellomere; height of gettae 0.6-0.7 height of eye. Thorax. Scutum yellow, with 6 dark brown stripes; posdm-curonotal lobe and notopleura yellow; bases of b scut on yellow area. Femora, except apices, dark brown. Wing. Bands: subbasal band extending beyond R\ only in form of faint yellowish spot; discal band not interrupted; preapical band with deeply emarginate inner margin; transparent interval between it and discal band 2.5 times as wide as preapical band at level of R4+5; preapical band fused with apical band as far as R2+3. Terminalia. Apex of aculeus as in Fig. 4. WL ♀ =3.7=3.8, AL = 1.4, AL/WL = 0.37. Discussion. The species possesses all characters of the group, but the yellow mesonotum with lark stripes as in Terelliini or in Chloropidae is conspicuous. Within the genus such a partem does not jccur in other species. Materials examined. 1. Types. Holotype ♀. Tajikistan: Gorono-Badakhshan Autonomous Prov., Khorog, 1 .VIII. 1936 (A. Ivanov) (ZMMU). 2. Other materials. Same locality, 10.VI.1937, 1 ♀ (dissected) (collector not indicated, probably S. Ya. Paramonov) (IZU). 2. Quadrifasciata Species Group Diagnosis of the group. Head. First flagellomere darkened to black, gray, or yellow; palpi not dilated, always yellow and on apex orange, labellum of proboscis 1.5 times as long as 1st flagellomere. Thorax. Scutum shiny, with 4 indistinct fine pollinose stripes, not hiding underlying cuticle; cx\ in both sexes with setae without spines; femora black. Wing with yellow base and 4 bands fused in pairs to level of R4+5; subbasal with discal and preapical bands fused with apical band. Ovipositor of ♀. Blades apically truncate, without distinct steps (in U. neuenschwanderi from Crete with one pair of smoothedout steps). Composition. The group includes 2 species: U. quadrifasciata, with 3 subspecies, and U. neuenschwanderi; the latter species and U. quadrifasciata algerica were not found in the study area. . Biology. Species are associated with Centaurea spp. and Ptilostemon spp. (White and Korneyev, 1989). 4. Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen). In the study area 2 subspecies occur; distribution of the third subspecies, U. q. algerica (Hering), is limited to Mediterranea Urophora quadrifasciata quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Fig. 5) White and Korneyev, 1989: 356 (redescription, biology, and material). Materials studied (in addition to published material). Moldova: Naslavcha, from C. maculosa ("Cent. rhenana"), coll. 4.VI, emergence 11.VI. 1987, ♀ (Korneyev); vicinity of Dubossary, Reut River mouth, from C. diffusa, coll. 27.IV., emergence 22.VIII. 1986, 5 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ (Korneyev); vicinity of Kishinev, from C. diffusa, coll. 20.VIII.1986, emergence 27.VIII.1986-10.II.1987, 4 ♂♂ and 8 ♀♀ 39

Figs. 5, 6. Urophora quadrifasciata Mg., apex of ovipositors. 5) U. q. quadrifasciata Mg.; 6) U. q. sjumorum Rohd.

(Komeyev) (IBM); Synzhera, from C. diffusa, coll. 7.VIII.1987, emergence 25.IV-30.V.1988, 15 ♂♂ and 25 ♀♀ (IBM, IZU). Olaneshty, from C. biebarsteinii, coll. 29.IV, emergence 10.V-2.VI. 1936, ♀ (Korneyev) (IBM). Belarus, Vitebsk Prov., Kraytsy, 9.VIII. 1969, ♀ (Antonova) (ZMMU); Ukraine, Transcarpathian Prov.: Uzhgorod, 12.VII. 1964, ♀ (Zimina) (ZMMU); Ivano-Frankovsk. Prov., Verkhniy Berezov, W of Yablonov, 7-10.VII.1964, 2 ♀♀ (Zimina) (ZMMU); Zhitomir Prov.; Novograd-Volynskiy, 10.VIII.1977, ♀ (Korneyev) (IZU); Kiev Prov.: Peskovka, from C.jacea, VII. 1983, ♂ and ♀ (Korneyev); Koacha-Zaspa, from C. jacea, coll. 7.IV, emergence 17.V. 1935, ♂ and 5 ♀♀ (Korneyev) (IBM); Bykovnya, from flowers of C. pseudomaculosa, coll. IV.1977, emergence V. 1977, 5 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ (Korneyev) (IZU); Cherkassy Prov., vicinity of Kanev, Grigor'evka, from flowers of C. pseudomaculosa, 15.DC.1980, emergence 20.IX-3.X.1980, 20 ♂♂ and 18 ♀♀ (Korneyev); Kanev Reserve, 15.VII.1977, 3 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (Korneyev) (IZU); Khar'kov Prov.: vicinity of Efremovka, Volchansk, from C. biebersteinii, coll. 29.IV.1985, emergence 9.VI.1985, 12 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ (Berest) (IBM), Lugansk Prov.: vicinity of Severodonetsk, from C.jacea, coll. 27.111, emergence 13-20.IV.1981, 4 ♂♂ and ♀; from C. arenaria aggregata ("Cent, majorovii"), coll. 2.1, emergence 8-25.II.1983, ♂ and 3 ♀♀; Voevodovka, from C. diffusa, coll. 19.11, emergence 22.III-24.IV. 1983, 12 ♂♂ and 8 ♀♀ (B. Volkov) (ZMMU); Donetsk Prov.: vicinity of Slavyansk, of Bogorodichnoe, chalky slopes, 18.VI. 1983, ♂ and ♀ (Plyushch); Khomutovskaya Steppe Reserve, from C. diffusa, coll. 19.IV, emergence 29.V. 1978, ♀ (Zerova) (IZU); Odessa Prov., Zatoka (Karolino-Bugaz), sandy spit between Dniester River harbor and sea, from C. arenaria aggregata, coll. 3.V., emergence 17.VIII.1986, 3 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ (Korneyev) (IBM); D'ichevsk, from C. diffusa, coll. 24.IX.1984, emergence 3-10.V.1985, 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (Korneyev) (IBM); Kherson Prov., Chernomorskiy Reserve, from C. breviceps, coll. 23.IV.1985, 3 ♂♂ and 5 ♀♀ (Korneyev) (IBM); Kalanchak, from C. diffusa, coll. 2.V, emergence 30. VI. 1987, 2 ♂♂ (Korneyev and Kameneva) (IBM); Askaniya-Nova, from C. diffusa, coll. 19-20.IV, emergence 7-29.V. 1978, 4 ♀♀ (Zerova) (IZU); same locality, coll. 20.IV., emergence 20.V-3.VIII. 1985, 4 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (Korneyev) (IBM); Crimea, Botanicheskoe, from C. diffusa, same locality, coll. 22.IV, emergence 30.VI.1987, ♂ (Kameneva and Korneyev); Chatyrdag, from C. sterilis, coll. 29.IV, emergence 20.VI. 1987, 2 ♂♂ (Kameneva and Korneyev); Karadag, from C. sterilis, coll. 29.IV, emergence VIII. 1987, 3 ♂♂ and ♀ (Berest) (IBM); same

40

locality, 8.VII. 1979, ♀ (Zimina) (ZMMU); Russia. European part: Moscow, Bitsa, 22.VII. 1936, 4 ♀♀ (Rohdendorf) (ZMMU). Urophora quadrifasciata sjumorum (Rohdendorf). White and Korneyev, 1989: 357 (redescription, synonymy, and biology). Materials. 1. Types. Holotype ♀, E. sjumorum, Turkmenistan: Kara-Kala, syums, VII. 1931 (Petrishcheva) (locality not established). Holotype (♀) and paratype (♀) E. armeniaca. Armenia: No. 50834 (not examined, place of preservation not determined, supposedly in ZMHB [sic]; in ZSM, where part of collection of Hermann was not found), preparation of wing of paratype: "Armenia" (NHML). 2. Other spms. Azerbaijan. "St. [illegible] on Arax River," 4-5.VI. 1933, ♀ (Luk'yanovich) (ZIS); Talysh; Lerik Distr., Gosmalyan, Dzhabarsk, lowland, 12.VI. 1981, ♂ (Ermolenko); Shemakha Distr., Pirkuli, from flowers of C. iberica, collected 21.V.1972, emergence 30.V.1972, 3 ♂♂ and 8 ♀♀ (Zerova) (IZU); Nakhichevan ASSR, Dzhagry, at light, 10.V.1953, ♀ (Zagulaev) (ZIS), Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata (= "Semirechenskaya," partly) Prov.: "priyut Colony [Orphanage Colony], B. Almatinka," 4.VIII.1928, 2 ♀♀ (Shnitnikov) (ZIS); Chimkent Prov.: S spurs of Karatau, 19.VII.1976, 3 ♀♀ (Ivannikov) (IZU; IZK) Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek, Lebedinovka, from inflorescence of C. iberica, coll. 30. VII. 1986, emergence 15-30.VIII.1986, 4 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ (Korneyev) (IZU), Uzbekistan. Samarkand Prov.: Aktash, 14-24.VII. 1923, 4 ♀♀, Kumak near Kattakurgan, 26-27.IV, 16.V, 24, 30.VI.1929, 7 ♀♀ (Zimin) (ZIS), Tashkent Prov.: Chatkal Reserve, Baskyzylsay, from Cousinia tianshanica, 13.VI. 1981, ♀ (Beyko) (IZU); Kaskadarya Prov.: vicinity of Karshi, 20.V.1978, ♀ (Scherbakov) (ZMMU); [geographical locality not determined]: "NE of Bukhara, Yargak, near Khatyrchi," 23.IV-16.VI.1925, 7 ♀♀ (Zimin), "Bukhara, Shirabudin," 11-12.VI.1925, 2 ♀♀ (collector not known) (ZIS). Tajikistan. Regions of the Republic political division, Dushanbe, from inflorescence of C. iberica, coll. 20.Ill, emergence 8.V. 1981, ♀ (Diakonchuk) (IZU); Varzob, 12.VII. 1936, ♀ (Gussakovsky); "near Dong Lake of Parkhar Distr.," 23.VI.1934,♀ (Luppova), vicinity of Kulyab, 10-11, 17.VII.1933, 3♀♀ (V. Popov) (ZIS), Turkmenistan. Kara-Kala, 10.VI.1952, ♀ (Bonsova) (ZIS). Pakistan. "Swart, Mngora, from pupa on flower," 6.VI.1963, ♀ (Ghani) (NHVL). 3. Nigricornis Species Group Diagnosis of the group. Head. First flagellomere black, rarely yellow, palpi yellow, on apex darkened to black, brown, or orange, linear, rarely with spoonlike dilation; labellum of proboscis 1-1.5 times as long as 1st flagellomere. Thorax. Scutum shiny only on sides and near scutellum, in middle with 4 fused, densely pollinose stripes covering underlying cuticle; forecoxae (cx\) in both sexes with setae, but without spines, and femora black. Wing. With yellow base and 3-4 dark bands or without bands. Terminalia. Apex of blade of ovipositor without steps, acute. Composition. The group includes the 7 species discussed below. Biology. All species, food plants of which are known, most likely are associated with Cousinia spp. Cass., the largest genus of Asteraceae; in Asia Minor and C Asia it includes over 500 species (Cherneva, 1962). 5. Urophora nigricornis Hendel (Fig. 7). Hendel, 1910a: 106; Foote, 1984: 143 (Urophora); Hendel, 1927: 45 (Euribia). 41

Figs. 7-13. Urophora R.-D., apices of aculei (7-12) and palpi (13). 7) U. nigricornis Hendel; 8) U. antropovi sp. n.; ♀) U. tenuior Hendel; 10) U. spatiosa Becker; 11, 13) U. repeteki (a - paralectotype of Euribia repeteki; b - holotype ofE. ligulipalpis); 12) U. sciadocousiniae sp. n.

Redescription. Head. First flagellomere black; palpi yellow, and on apex darker to orange. Height of genae 0.32 height of eye. Wing. Bands: subbasal band reduced; discal band extended in ♀ almost to posterior margin of wing and in ♂ to M1+2, hyaline interval between it and preapical band 23 rimes as wide as preapical band at level of R4+5; preapical and apical bands fused to R2+3. Terminalia. Apex of aculeus as in Fig. 7. WL ♀ = 3.2, AL = 1.5, and AL/WL = 0.47. Examined materials. 1. Type specimens. Lectotype ♂ and paralectotype ♀ (dissected) (des. Hardy, 1961): ? Afghanistan [? Turkmenistan]: "Ober-Murghab 04.[18]87," "Reitter, 1894, Turkmenien," nigricornis det. F. Hendel (NHMW). 2. Other specimens. Turkmenistan: 10 km S of Ashhabad , 2327.IV.1987, 1 ♂ (Antropov) (ZMMU). 6. Urophora anthropovi Korneyev and White, sp. n. (Fig. 8). Description. Head. First flagellomere and antennae in general black; palpi yellow, on apices darkened to orange or brownish; height of genae 0.3 height of eye. Wing without bands, stigma on apex 42

brown or yellow, r-m and dm-cu narrowly edged with gray-brown, apex of wing with narrow grayish stripes from apex of R2+3 to M1+2- Terminalia. Apex of aculeus as in Fig. 8. WL ♀ = 3.1-3.3,41 = 1.6-1.8, and AL/WL = 0.53. Discussion. The species is close to U. nigricornis in the size of wings and ovipositor, differing ~om all species of the group in the reduced wing pattern. Examined specimens. Holotype ♀ and paratypes 3 ♂♂ and ♀ (dissected); Turkmenistan: 10 km S of Ashhabad (on plants of clay desert), 23-27.IV. 1987 (Antropov) (ZMMU, IZU). 7. Urophora tenuior Hendel (Fig. 9). tenuis Hendel, 1910a: 105 (Urophora) (nom. praeocc. Becker, 1907). —tenuior Hendel, 1910b: 311 (Urophora) (nom. nov. pro Urophora tenuis Hendel, 1910a, non Becker, 1907); Hendel, 1927: 49 (Euribia); Steyskal, 1979: 16; Foote, 1984: 145 (Urophora). — attigens Munro, 1934: 263 (Euribia); Steyskal, 1979: 9; Foote, 1984: 141 (Urophora), syn. n. — heratensis Dirlbek, 1968: 173 (Euribia): Steyskal, 1979: 1; Foote, 1984: 142 (Urophora), syn. n. Redescription. Head. First flagellomere yellow or darkened to gray or dark brown on apex and anterior margin; palpi yellow, on apex orange to brown. Wing. Bands: subbasal ban d from costal vein (C) extending to A1, fused with discal to R4+5; preapical and apical bands fused to R2+3- Terminalia. Apex of aculeus as in Fig. 9. WL ♀ = 2.5-3.4, AL = 1.2-1.6 (1.7), AL/WL = 0.40-0.55. Biology. The food plant is not known. It is very likely that U. tenuior, as well as other species of the group, develops in flowers of Cousinia spp. Because U. tenuior occurs most often on banks of springs in the middle mountain zone and also in floodplains of rivers (humid meadows) in the low mountain one and plains, it may be associated, for example, with only one hygrophilic and widely distributed species, Cousinia umbrosa Bunge (Nikitin and Geldikhanov, 1988). Discussion. It differs from other species of the group in distinctly short ovipositor and yellow 1st flagellomere, with darker part near apex; in these characters it is similar to U. spatiosa, but differs in wider bands on the wing. Examined materials. 1. Type specimens. U. tenuis Hendel: lectotype ♂ (des. Hardy, 1961) and paralectotype ♀ : ?Afghanistan [? Turkmenistan]: [= designated by] "Turkmenien, Kungruily, IV. [18]87" (Reitter) (NHMW) (not dissected), E. attingens: holotype (♀) and paratype (♀): Turkmenistan: "Bucharia, Repetek" (Oldenberg) (DBI) (not dissected). E. heratensis: holotype (♀) and paratypes, 30 ♂♂ and 8 ♀♀. Afghanistan: "prov. Herat, Bala Murghab, 470 m," 24.VII.1964 (Jakes) (MMB; IRVP) (not investigated). 2. Other specimens. Uzbekistan. Samarkand Prov.: Kumak near Kattakurgan, 26.IV.1929, ♀ (Zimin) (ZIS); Kashkadarya Prov., S of Karsha, 22.M.1978, ♀ (Shcherbakov) (ZMMU). Turkmenistan. Krasnovodsk Prov., Dzhebel, 10.VII.1934, ♀ (V. Popov); Akhcha-Kuyma, 5.VII.1934, ♀ (V. Popov); Kara-Kala vicinity, Sumbar River bank, humid meadow, 17 and 22.IV.1933, 2 ♀♀ (Ushinskiy) (ZIS); Maryysk Prov.: Badkhyz, Keneiya, 24.IV. 1976, ♀ (V. Kovalev) (ZMMU); Chardzhou Prov.: "Farab, N. W. Bukhara," 31.III-29.IV. 1912, 11 ♀ s (Holbeck) (ZIS); Repetek, 20.IV. 1937, 2

♀♀

(Kostylev) (ZMMU) Afghanistan: Rabat-Sangoi, 29.VI.1959, ♀ (Lindberg) (NHML). 8. Urophora spatiosa Becker (Fig. 10). Becker, 1913: 643; Foote, 1984: 144 (Urophora). —- tenuior. Hendel, 1927 (pro parte); Zaitsev, 1945: 4 (pro parte) (Euribia). 43

Redescription. Head. First flagellomere yellow, darkened on apex to pale brown or black; palpi yellow, darkened on apex to orange or brown, linear or weakly dilated at apex; height of genae 0.3 height of eye. Wing. Bands: subbasal band extending from Cto CuA1or to A1; discal band fused with it to R\ and extending to posterior margin of wing or terminated immediately beyond CuA1 hyaline interval between it and preapical band 4.3 times (3.0-5.0) as wide as preapical band at level of R4+5; preapical and apical bands fused to R2+3- Terminalia Apex of aculeus as in Fig. 10. WL ♀ = 3.0-3.4, AL = 1.3-1.8; AL/WL = 0.43-0.53. Discussion. This species resembles U. tenuior in its small size and short ovipositor, but differs in narrowing bands on the wing divided by wide hyaline interval. In the series of preceding species discussed above, bands are always wide, although Hendel (1927) reduced U. spatiosa to a synonym of U. tenuior. We continue to consider them as different species. Study of additional reared specimens of both species is necessary. Examined materials. 1. Type specimens. Holotype (♀): Iran: P[ersische] Beludschistan 10.V.1901 (handwriting of Becker) [in original description indicated: Bergkegel, Kuch-i-Tuften, leg. Zarundy] (ZIS). 2. Other specimens. Uzbekistan: Tashkent, 25.IV. 1925, ♀ (Dobzhansky) (ZIS). Iran: Tebriz (= Tavriz), 5-6.IV. 1914, 2 ♀♀ (Andrievskiy) (ZIS). 9. Urophora longicauda (Hendel). Hendel, 1927: 44 (Euribia); Steyskal, 1979: 10; Foote, 1984: 143 (Urophorä). — melanocera Hering, 1938a: 243 (Euribia); Steyskal, 1979: 10; Foote, 1984: 143 (Urophorä), syn. n. — attingens: Ivannikov, 1977: 32 (error in identification). Redescription. Head. First flagellomere black-brown, palpi weakly dilated or linear, yellow, on apex orange, dark brown or black. Height of genae 0.3-0.4 height of eye. Wing. Bands: subbasal band extending from C to A1, fused with discal band to longitudinal part of Sc or to R1; discal band completely, extending without narrowing to posterior margin of wing, rarely narrowing posterior to CuA1; hyaline interval between it and preapical band 0.8-2.0 (rarely 2.5) times width of preapical band at level of R4+5, preapical and apical bands fused to R2+3 or to R4+5. Terminalia. Apex of blade of ovipositor as in Fig. 11. WL ♀ = 3.8 ± 0.27 (3.3-4.3),//, = 2.42 ± 0.28 (2.0-2.9), AL/WL = 0.634 ± 0.034 (0.57-0.70) (n=18)1. Biology. U. longicauda develops in flowers of Cousinia affinis Schrenk (Ivannikov, 1977: "U. attigens"). In Lower Volga River region, the type locality of U. longicauda, there is only one species of Cousinia, a vicariant or synonym of C. astracanica (Chemova, 1962). Discussion. The species is difficult to distinguish from U. repeteki because of intermediate forms; diagnostic characters offered in the discussion below overlap in a small percentage of individuals. We consider both species to be distinct, but do not exclude that study of new reared materials may require revision of their status. Examined materials. 1. Type specimens. E. longicauda, syntypes (♂ and ♀): Russia, European part, Astrakhan Prov.: "Astrachan" (Gercke) (place of preservation not determined, presumably ZMUH). E. melanocera, holotype (♀): Afghanistan, "West-Hindukusch, Andarab, Banu-Ebene, 2000-2500 m, VIII" (Kotsch) (NHML). 2. Other specimens. Armenia; Vedi, Khosrov Reserve, 25.VI.1981, ♀ (Ermolenko) (IZU). Kazakhstan: Dzhezkazgan Prov., 124 km E of Balkhash, 30.VI.1974, 1 spm. 1

Mean ± σ, minimal and maximal values and number of specimens in the sample are shown. 44

(damaged; sex?) (Ivannikov) ("U. attingens") [V. Richter det.]; Kyzyl-Orda Prov., Dzhusaly, 13 km KVV, 6.VI. 1974, 2 ♂ and ♀ (Ivannikov) ("U. attingens"); Chimkent Prov., 20 km E of Suzak, sand desert, 16.V.1975, ♀ (Ivannikov); Alma-Ata Prov., sand desert of S Kapchagay, 5.VII.1976, 2 ♀♀ (Ivannikov); Taldy-Kurgan Prov., sand desert N of Malay-Sary pass, 9.IV.1977, 2 ♀♀, rolling sandy desert, S of MalaySory pass, 22.IV.1976, 2 ♀♀ (Ivannikov) (IZU and IZK). Uzbekistan; Kashkadarya Prov., Dasht, 189.IV. 1937, 2 ♀♀ [collector not known; handwriting of S. Pamaronov] (IZU). Kyrgyzstan. Osh Prov., Mikhaylovka, Kugart River valley, 12.V1926, ♀ (Dobzhansky); Alay valley, 15.VII.1928, ♀ (N. Kuznetsov) (ZIS). Afghanistan: Panmangebirge, 4000 m, 29. VII.1955, ♀ (Klapperich) (NHML). 10. Urophora repeteki (Munro) (Figs. 11 and 13). Munro, 1934: 265 (Euribia); Steyskal, 1979: 9; Foote, 1984: 143 (Urophora). — angustifascia Hering, 1956: 83 (Euribia), 1979: 9; Foote, 1984: 141; White and Korneyev, 1989: 344 (Urophora) (description, biology, and material), syn. n. — phaeocera Hering, 1961: 319 (Euribia); Steyskal. 1979: 10; Foote, 1984: 143 (Urophora); White and Korneyev, 1989: 344 (syn.: U. angustifascia, syn. n. — nigripalpis Hering, 1961: 320 (Euribia); Steyskal, 1979: 10; Foote, 1984: 143 (Urophora). Redescription. Head. First flagellomere black (in specimens from Cousinia hamadae yellow to dark brown), palpi slightly dilated or linear, yellow, darker to orange, brown, or black at apices. Height of genaO.3 height of eye. Wing. Bands: subbasal band extending from C to A1 or to CuA1, fused with discal band to longitudinal part of Se; discal band shorter or interrupted into spots posterior to r-m or rare completely developed, but then narrowed; hyaline interval between it and preapical band 3.1 (2-5) times as wide as preapical band at level of R4+5; preapical and apical bands fused to R2+3, rarely to R4+5. Terminalia. Apices of aculeus as in Fig. 12. WL♀ = 3.8 ± 0.25 (3A-4.V),AL = 2.7 ± 0.26 [(2.1-23-3.0], AL/WL = 0.7 ± 0.04 (0.62-0.78). (n = 36). Biology. Food plants in type localities of E. repeteki, E. angustifascia, and E. ligulipalpis are not known. In NE Karakum desert only 7 species of Cousinia of 2 sections occur (Nikitin and Gel'dikhanov, 1989); according to size of inflorescence 3 species of the section are of Chrysoptera (Alata order): Cousinia alata Schrenk, C. oxiana Tschern., and C. schistoptera Juz. In Israel the species was reared from C. hermonis Boiss. (section?) (Kugler and Freidberg, 1975). The species was also reared from flowers of C. tianshanica Kult, (section of Microcarpae) and C. hamadae Juz. (section of Leiocaules) and it was caught with an entomological net on flowers of C. microcarpa Boiss. (section Microcarpae). Discussion. The .species differs from most species of this group in the narrow, often short, discal and preapical bands with wide hyaline interval between them and also in rather long ovipositor. U. longicauda is a close species, not differing in size of the wing and ovipositor, but having wide discal and preapical bands divided by relatively narrow, hyaline interval. Relative width of interval remains the only distinguishing character. In some series individuals occur with rather narrow interval, only 1.7-2.5 times width of the preapical band and slightly narrowing posteriorly, and insignificantly shortened transverse bands, which we consider as U. repeteki with great difficulty. Most likely several populations associated with different species of Cousinia are close to this species and form a complex so far weakly represented in collections. In 60% of specimens from C hamadae, a yellow-brown 1st flagellomere and very wide bands are especially notable. Future investigators revising this group should take into account an error overlooked by Hennig (1961) and repeated by Steyskal (1979): in the holotype of E. angustifascia palpi are black and in the holotype of U. phaeocera yellow, and not viceversa, as was accepted formerly. Shape of palpi in type specimens of E. repeteki, however, are somewhat twisted and/or compressed at base, which makes them look "spoon-like"; however, their width in apical part is the same as in E. repeteki.

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Examined materials. 1. Type specimens. E. repeteki, lectotype (♀) (designated here) (not dissected, but apex of ovipositor exserted) and paralectotype, ♂ (not dissected); Turkmenistan, "Bucharia, Repetek (Oldenberg)" (DEI). E. angustifascia, holotype (♀); Iran, "Balutschistan," Iranshar, 800 m, 110.V.1954 (W. Richter and Schauttelle) (place of preservation not determined, presumably SMNS); paratype (♀), same locality, 22.V-2.VI. 1954 (W. Richter and Schauttelle) (NHML) (not dissected); E. phalocera holotype (♂); Israel (locality of collection and date not known) (O. Theodor) (place of preservation not known, presumably TAU), E. Hgidipalpis, holotype (♂); Afghanistan, "Aqtchah, 330 m," 15.V. [sic] 1959 (Lindberg) (ZMUL) (not dissected); paratype ("allotype") (♀): Afghanistan, "Masdjed=Tchoubi [a environ 60 km au nordouest de Herat, Paropamise, 2000 m"], 16.VI.1959 (Lindberg) (ZMUL) (not dissected). 2. Other specimens. Kazakhstan: Chimkent Prov., Aksu-Dzhabagly Reserve, 10.V.1975, ♀ (Ivannikov); Boralday-Tau Mountains, 4.VII. 1975, ♀ (Ivannikov); Dzhambul Prov., Kirgiz Alatau Mountains, 15.V.1976, ♀ (Ivannikov) (IZK, IZU). Uzbekistan. Bukhara Prov.: Kul'dzhuktau Mountains, Kyzylkum desert, desert habitat, from flowers of Cousinia hamadae, 1623.V.1981, 2 ♂♀♀ and 3 ♀♀ (Volkova) (IZU and ZMMU); Tashkent Prov., Chatkal' Reserve, Bashkyzylsay, on Cousinia tianshanica, 19 and 21.VI.1981 and 23.VI.1983; same locality, on C. microcarpa. 29.VI.1981, 8 ♀♀ (Beyko); same locality, from flowers of C. tianshanica, X.1981, 2 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ (Volkova) (ZMMU and IZU); Samarkand Prov., Aman-Kutan, 1500 m, 10.VII. 1931, ♀ (Gussakovsky) (ZIS); [territorial locality not found] "NW of Bukhara, Yargak near Khatyrcha," 2.V. 1926, ♀, "Changir near Khatyrcha," 11, 12 and 20.VI. 1930, 3 ♀♀ (Zimin) (ZIS); "Bukhara, Guzar Bek[stvo], upper part of Dukan-Khana River," 25.V. 1911, 2 ♀♀ (Holbeck) (ZIS); "Bukhara, KhozretBova, Baba-Tau Range" (? Surkhandar'ya Prov., Babatag Range), 13.V.1897, 2 ♀♀ (Kaznakov) (ZIS). Tajikistan: Kondara, 1100 m, Varzob River valley, 13 and 25.VI. and 3 and 7.VII. 1937, 6 ♀♀, Quak, 35 km N of Dushanbe (= Stalinabad), 29.VI.1937, ♀ (Gussakovsky) (ZIS). Tajikistan: Ashhabad , 10 km S, 23-24.IV.1987, ♀ (Antropov) (ZMMU). Afghanistan: Badakhshan, 2800 m, 12.VIII.1953, ♀ (Klapperich) (NHVL). 11. Urophora sciadocousiniae Korneyev and White sp. nov (Fig. 12). melanocera: Korneyev, 1983: 54 (Urophora) (erroneous determination). Description. Head. First flagellomere black; palpi yellow, to orange or brownish at apices, slightly dilated; height of genae 0.3 height of eye. Wing. Bands: subbasal band extending from CtoA\, fused with discal band to preapical part Sc or to R1, hyaline interval between it and preapical band 1.52.0 times as wide as preapical band at level of R4+.5; preapical and apical bands fused to middle of submarginal cell. Terrainalia. Apex of aculeus as in Fig. 12. WL♀ = 4.5-4.6, AL = 3.3-3.5, ALI WL = 0.74-0.77. Biology. Larvae develop in flowers of Cousinia eryngioides Boiss. (section of Sciadocousinia), conspicuous in very long (35-40 mm) bracts and rather shallow (6-7 mm) inflorescence; this species of Cousinia occurs in Turkmenistan (C Kopetdag) and also in N Iran and Afghanistan (Cherneva, 1962). Examined materials. Holotype (♀) and paratype (♀): Turkmenistan, Ashhabad Kopetdag, Chuli, from flowers of Cousinia eryngioides, 25.IV. 1975 (Diakonchuk) (IZU).

Prov., C

Discussion. The species is close to U. longicauda, but differs in greater absolute and relative length of the ovipositor. 4. Jaculata Species Group Diagnosis of the group. Head. First flagellomere yellow, palpi yellow, on apices darkened to 46

orange, and linear; labellum of proboscis 1.5 times as long as 1st flagellomere. Thorax. Scutum mostly Pollinose cx1 in both sexes with setae, but without spines; femora yellow. Wing with yellow base and 4 dark bands. Terminalia. Apex of aculeus without steps, acute. Biology. Larvae live in flowers of Centaurea (Solstitiaria) spp. and Mantisalea. Composition. The group includes 2 species distributed in Mediterranea, U. jaculata Rd. and U. hispanica (Strobl). [Urophora jaculata Rondani] White andKorneyev, 1989: 352 (redescription and biology). This species is known from Italy and Greece, but is completely absent in the materials studied from the former USSR, Iran, Afghanistan, China, and Mongolia. Its records in Caucasus (Zaitsev, 1947) have not been confirmed and are probably erroneous.

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