CONCEPTUAL MODEL CONTROL SOCIETY CONFLICT MADURA EAST JAVA By : Rachmawati Novaria Achmad Sjafi’i Lecturer at the Faculty of Administration and Political Science, University 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, East Java- Indonesia Email : [email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT Indonesian state known as State Island, seen from a diverse population, there is some religion/belief, many tribes, cultures, races and different languages, making it easy occurrence of friction and conflict arises. The main problem of this study is as the revision of Law Number 32 of 2004 on Regional Government, it became increases the potential for conflict in Madura people, so we need a conceptual model of community control conflict, in order to create an atmosphere that is conducive to the development process in Madura, East Java. Based on a study conducted to the conclusion, that the distribution of the conflict there were approximately 47% of cases of conflict set in religious/belief distinction, terrorism and the rest comes to labor/minimum wage, social-cultural, land, economy and politics. Conflict prevention efforts religious background/belief distinction can be done by encouraging the role of religious communication forum to perform the role as a catalyst creating a good and harmonious relationship among religious groups that exist, While the problems associated with optimizing the role of labor performed tripartid forum, the existence of collective agreements and the regional minimum wage. Ultimately recommended conflict control model community, in which the need for a better coordination and cooperation between the provincial and district/city, relevant Government agencies, especially the field of security instituons, with private/non-governmental organizations and communities engage actively pursue the peace and tranquility. Keywords: Potential conflict , conflict society , conflict control model

INTRODUCTION Indonesian state is known as the island nation because it has the largest number of islands in the world. And when viewed from hiteroginitasnya population is very high, there are five religions, many beliefs, many different tribes, many cultures, many races, many languages. Similarly, the conditions that exist in Madura, East Java hiteroginitasnya level too high, making it very easy occurrence of friction and rubbing between each other and supported by government policies that do not favor them, even when viewed from districts in Madura, East Java still looks hiteroginitasnya. Decade of the last fifteen years of the New Order in line with peregseran reforms to be followed by the implementation of the Act. No.. 22, 1999, was revised into Law. 32 of 2004 on Regional Government, in Madura, East Java region turns increasingly increase the tension of conflict in society. Between the martial arts college, between the Sunni and Syiah, land issues, election issues, neighborhoods. In order to anticipate and eliminate the occurrence of these conflicts need to be prepared a map of the type and source of conflict in East Java. Basically they are faced with the problem of poverty and social inequality must bear the burden of living as if there is no way out how to solve it. This condition will lead to vulnerabilities, both structural and cultural, social, economic, political, and cultural, even concerning the legal aspects.

THEORY FRAMWORK 1.Conflict Causes and sources of conflict, (James C. Davis, 2009: 45-47) argues, that the conflict would occur if the situation decline after a long period of prosperity grow continuously and at certain periods the expectations of society is very large. So if the gap between expectation and reality widened, the greater the tendency of conflict. Opinions that are similar can be seen in the theory of "relative deprivation" which was developed by Robert T. Gturr. According to Gturr, occurs in a society where the gap between the "expected value" (Wellfare Value, Power Value, and Interpersonal Value) with "value capabilities" to gain earlier expectations, the people concerned will experience disappointment or frustration with a chance for the emergence of action radicalism. And the gap, the nature and form of its radik also higher. Radicalism would appear therefore that public frustration is no trigger. According to (James Scott, 2012: 203-204) that exceed the poverty threshold of subsistence (minimum requirement households) experienced a massive community of rural capitalization process and therefore it will be driving their aggression. Violation of their subsistence threshold and inability to adapt in a new social environment, economy, and politics can only be regarded as a trigger of conflict. The term plural society, was first used by (Furnival, 2012:67-68) to refer to public community consisting of two or more social order, community or groups that are culturally, economically and politically fragmented and institutional structure different from one another, or in other words a society in which the value system adopted by various social unity which it is a part is such that its members have less loyalty to the society as a whole. Single society is a society that supports the same culture system, whereas the plural society, in which there is more than one kind of ethnic and social groups who adopts a culture (subculture) different from one another. An urban community, perhaps accurately described as a heterogeneous society, even though they come from all backgrounds SARA (ethnic, religious, racial, or flow / factions) are different, but they are not clumped by the SARA. Heterogeneous opponent from a condition called homogeneous. Called homogeneous if community members are from SARA relatively equal. Called heterogeneous if it comes from a different inter-racial, but-once again-they are not clustered (segmented) based on the SARA. Furthermore, a so-called multicultural society, plural, or plural when the members come from different interconnected SARA and SARA are the basis of grouping the members of the community, so the community is composed of two or more ethnic and social groups

based on the SARA in general, primordial, and each developed a particular subculture. Intergroup interaction is lower than the internal interactions of the group. In fact, in many plural societies, social structures often are consolidative, so that the process leading to social integration is hampered. To be clear, the following characteristics of a multicultural society proposed by (Van Den Monthe, 2010: 145-15) 1. Experiencing segmentation into groups with each different subculture, 2.Has structure that is divided into nonkomplemen institutions, 3. less able to develop a consensus on basic values, 4. relatively often in conflict, 5. relatively social integration grows over coercion, and / or, 6. economic dependence, and / or, 7. domination of politics by a group against group other 2. Control of Conflict Conflict is a concrete reality in the community. However, it does not mean we have to let the conflict. Conflicts remain to be controlled to keep the guarantee of a social balance. In an effort limitation and control of conflict, (Nasikom, 2011: 89-91) proposed the concept as follows; a. Conciliation, is a tangible form of conflict control in certain institutions that allow the growth of a culture of dialogue, discussion, and decision-making from the public components. In order for these institutions effective must meet four (4) requirements, namely: a. autonomous; b. monopolistic; c. binding member, and d. democratic. And so the conflict does not appear in the form of violence, three conditions must be met, namely: a. member awareness of the principle of fairness to all parties honestly; b. is a member of the group who terorganisasir; c. members must comply with the rules that have been agreed upon. b. Mediation, is an effort to resolve the conflict by presenting a third party. This advice is not binding, but in this way to reduce the chance of conflict irrationality. They are in conflict will receive a "win win solutions". c. Arbitration, a control conflict when parties to the conflict requires the presence of a third party which will provide decision-making. This decision is binding and must be complied with them in conflict.

RESEARCH METHOD The main goal to be achieved first to know the types and sources of conflict in Madura, East Java. Second, to create a conceptual model of conflict management in Madura, East Java. To be able to achieve what the main purpose of this study, the study was conducted in a "descriptive - exploratory". The data source of this study is the formal leaders, informal leaders, and the public as well as bureaucrats. In this study is the study area of East Java Province, the source of the data from the formal leaders, and bureaucrats, especially from the Well Kesbangpol kabpaten is in Madura East Java province. People who are used as a source of information based on "purposive sampling", ie a sampling technique by means of an election in accordance with the purposes of the study. Data collection was conducted, among others, using techniques which include: a.Tehnik documentation, ie techniques to collect data by studying documents relevant to the study. b.Tehnik interviews, a technique to obtain the data in a manner to injure interview respondents as key information (key information), especially data that can not be extracted through technical documentation and questionnaire techniques. c.Tehnik observation, a technique of collecting data by direct observation on the object. Data obtained from the findings of the field is still the raw data, and does not have any particular meaning. Because the raw data before processing needs to be done in order to be able to contain the information that a certain sense. Data analysis techniques used in this study is descriptive techniques - qualitative. This technique seeks to analyze the data field findings by describing, explaining, analyzing qualitative, critical, detailed and sharp that in the end what is the intent and purpose of this study can be achieved, and can produce the required recommendations.

RESULT AND ANALYSIS Preview conflict in Madura, East Java regency 1. Bangkalan Based on the existing data are not a lot of conflict in the region Bangkalan. Existing data mentions only two jens conflict in the region, namely: conflict between fishermen in the sub district Kwanyar and conflict between Sunni and Shia groups which until now has not been resolved. Although there is not much conflict in Bangkalan, but in terms of the quality of both conflicts which occurred in Bangkalan weighs heavy quality. This means that the two types of conflict requires a long time and energy in the process of completion and potential at any time reappear despite insurmountable. Conflicts related to differences in beliefs between Sunni and Syiah groups in Bangkalan has yet to be resolved. Table .1: The conflict in Bangkalan No

1 2

Type Conflict

Conflict Fishermen Religion Flow Syiah

Location / Coverage

Main Causes

subdistrict. Kwanyar subdistrict. Kota

Boundary waters and fishing gear Difference in beliefs

There/ Not History Conflict There

Resolution Status

There

Process

completed

2. Pamekasan Based on existing data Pamekasan district has the potential conflicts that revolve around the areas of social, religious, Pilkades. In the last three years of conflict that have occurred can be seen in the following table: Table .2: The conflict in Pamekasan No

Type Conflict

Location / Coverage

Main Causes

1

Religion (Sunny-Syiah)

Sub district

Difference between Aswaja beliefs and Ahlul Bait ((ijabi/Syiah)

2

Pilkades

subdistrict

3

Pertanahan

subdistrict Galis

Formation Committee Pilkades not appear prone procedural status of the land disputes between farmers and PT Garam

There/ Not History Conflict there

Resolution Status

appears prone Done

Not

Done

There

no settlement yet

From the location of the conflict, religious conflict reconciliation rather difficult, because the two groups between ahlus Sunnah wal jamaah the group ijabi / Syiah who each perform a routine recitation over their congregation raises vulnerability to conflict because the difference in the conduct of their worship. Party district government and the MUI denagn FKUB districts hitherto kept malakukan approaches completion. Vulnerability to conflict also occurred on the eve of the elections that preceded the formation of the elections committee

deems not procedural. This problem has been done in the mediation of the district. The problem is there has to be completed status. Nearly resembles the Bangkalan, to Sumenep based on existing data also shows that conflict over land disputes between farmers salt with Salt Public Corporation. From the location of the conflict in the Pamekasan district is rather long conflict that occurs is a matter of land. This conflict is caused by a land grab land PT Garam, where people feel that the land is ancestral land, while PT Garam still feel the right to manage the land for the right to cultivate the PT Garam still valid.

3. Sampang Based on existing data Sampang district is one of the districts that have the potential for conflict is quite high when compared to other regions. In the last three years there were several pieces of conflicts as well as many things that could potentially conflict, this can be seen in the following table. Table. 3. The conflict in Sampang No

Type Conflict

Location / Coverage

Main Causes

1

Religion (Sunny-syiah)

2

Family feud editorial Tajuk Muluk and Raisul Hukama Use of the house to place of worship

Sub district Ketapang

4

Religion (chuch GSPII dg pastor Boaz Handoko) Religion (there jaringan JAT) Kamtibmas

Sub district Omben and Karang Penang Sub district Ketapang

5

Pilkades

6

Reservoir Nipa

7

Oil and gas exploration

3

PT. Santos and Husky

There/ Not History Conflict There

Resolution Status Has not finish process

not

Appear prone done

Amaliyah different religions

There

Appear prone done

Sub district Kota

Rallies

There

Sub District

Money politics

Not

Sub District Banyuates Water subdisctrict Sampang and Camplong

Land acquisition process

There

Appear prone done Appear prone done Appear prone done

damage fishing gear owned by fishermen

Not

Done potential conflict

From some locations such conflicts if three of them are grouped conflict religious backgrounds and beliefs, land conflicts, socio-cultural background of conflict, conflict on the environment and the rest of the natural resource conflicts. Conflict of religions and beliefs include: • Conflicts between family feud with the family Tajul Muluk Roisul Hukama that lead to differences in doctrine, known as the difference between Sunnah group with Syiah groups. • The use of dwelling house into a place of worship churches led by pastors GSPII Handono Boaz. On December 29, 2012 protests emerged from the Al-Islah Foundation Jamiyah of violation ministerial decree No. 2. And No. 08. 09 of 2006 on the establishment of places of worship. • The JAT network located in the district. Ketapang feared would emerge a new cadre aimed to terrorize and disrupt public security and order to achieve the mission vivi JAT. Most of JAT in Ketapang already out of the region, while there is still no activity that would stand out but the communication from the remnants of JAT members in Ketapang intensely JAT always communicate with members outside the Ketapang area.

• In kamtibmas centered in the town of Sampang caused propokator who want to create a situation that is not safe and comfortable as well as disturbing kamtibmas. • In the field of politics, especially before, during and after the implementation of the elections will be held simultaneously with proponents bring insecurity due to political money. • The implementation of the dam project in District Banyuates Nipa still less favorable due to the land acquisition process is inhibited, the emergence of such opponents, former village head and his son H. Badrawi and Idris Kiyai group. Commencement of drilling oil and gas exploration PT. Santos is the middle of 2007 until the current process continues to be implemented. In 2013 there PT. Husky and Petronas are ready to carry out activities in the waters of Sampang. With this event problems arise fishing gear damage allegedly affected exploration leading to protests against the company that carried out by local fishermen.

4. Sumenep Based on existing data Sumenep general condition is favorable, but there are some social problems can always be solved by government kabpaten. But there is also a potential conflict is an issue of faith, labor and fishermen. Tabel.4. The conflict in Sumenep No

Type Conflict

Location / Coverage

Main Causes

1

Religion (between sunny with syiah) Labour Fisherman

District

Scramble of influence personal

2 3

District Water regional

Minimum wage

fishing gear and fishing area

There/ Not History Conflict There

Resolution Status

There There

Done Appears prone

Can be overcome

Lectures organized by Majlis pilgrims Tafsir Al-Quran (MTA) is still often lead to conflict because they always blame the way worship is done by the majority of Muslims and difficult to be invited to the dialogue, while martial arts college because of the differences between members of the community with one another mutually the most substantial claim group or right. They had an average kid and development of the area Sumenep. Meanwhile, the conflict of religion or belief set in place between groups Tafseer Qur'an Assembly (MTA) with Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) menyengkut differences in our religious beliefs. Trigger Assembly conflict because Tafsir of the Qur'an is considered insulting religion Isalam by NU. Status conflicts in the process of handling by the district government, police and the Forum for Religious Harmony (FKUB). For martial arts college is an extension of the conflict in Sumenep, namely martial arts SHT and SHW. However, characteristics related to conflict with the Shia doctrine is a conflict that can arise at any time so it needs to be examined properly. A rally of workers in general caused by the berbedaan wages, which in Sumenep there are companies that provide wages to the workers still far from the provisions of the District government is minmum wage. Fishermen from the general public Sumenep conflict caused by fishing gear and fishing area to another area.

CONCLUSION Some records may be submitted relating to the conflict in Madura, East Java, as follows: 1. Cases conflicts religious backgrounds or beliefs generally occur in virtually every region of Madura, East Java province. 2. Which stands out in the case of conflict set in due to the existence of differences in beliefs Assembly Tafsir of the Qur'an (MTA) was rejected by residents. 3. Conflicts related to differences in beliefs between Sunnis and Shia flow is fairly evenly conflict in Madura, East Java, which occurred in Bangkalan, Sampang district, Sumenep. 4. Besides the presence of MTA and Sunnis and Shia conflict, a conflict that background belief is also associated with: the presence of FPI, where the flow of hard-line,. 5. Conflict set in labor is generally associated with the increase in Minimum Wages Regency / City (MSE) is not agreed upon by labor and occur in the district scale. 6. Conflicts related to issues of economic resources is generally the case with regard to coastal areas due to conflict fishermen fishing boundaries and fishing gear that is going on in Bangkalan and Sumenep. Much of the coverage area of the conflict are mostly located in the rural area coverage so the conflict is considered relatively small.

Recommendation Based on the conclusions, as described in the previous section, it can be submitted the following recommendations: 1. Whereas basically handling conflicts that arise in the community-specific, contextual and in accordance with the character of the conflicts that arise. In principle, the conflicts are related to differences in opinion or idea is more easily resolved than conflicts involving feelings and beliefs. 2. Conflicts associated with beliefs and conflicts that have a long history (a history of conflict) is generally more difficult to resolve and require a longer time so it takes patience in the process of completion. 3. Efforts to resolve the conflict that political background: village elections (Pilkades), the election will require the following steps: • Dissemination of the implementation phase of the elections and the election of village heads continually to the public through various media • Promote the creation and election organizers can organize their duties Pilkades neutral, impartial, transparent and properly in accordance with the applicable • Efforts to improve political education community to understand the principles of democracy is good and right • Law enforcement is neutral and impartial to any violators of the elections and Pilkades. 4. Conflict prevention efforts racial background can do the following steps: • Promote the role of the Ministry of Religious Affairs to promote understanding of the religious right and the whole. Encourage regular meetings for the parties to the conflict to always perform a dialogical process in order to reach agreements • To monitor and control the onset of premature activities or the development of new ideas and committed group of people who felt certain would lead to rejection or anxiety in the local community and secepar may perform a precaution. 5. Efforts to resolve the conflict set in the land can be done through the efforts of: • Increasing the role of the professional and neutral BPN • Socialization society comes to the status, rights and obligations in the field of agrarian or land 6. Conflict prevention efforts relating to labor issues, among others: • Optimization of the forum's role in resolving disputes Tripartid labor • Promote the creation of a harmonious relationship between workers and the company as an effective partner

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