The Judicial Council of ASUCR  University of California, Riverside   [email protected]  Majority Opinion W18-JR-01  Cortez-Hernandez, Cuenca v. Ayra, Moore, Li 

  JUSTICE PETER HADDAD delivered the opinion of the Judicial Council:    On  March  8,  2018,  the  petitioners  filed  a  case  regarding  a  veto  of  fund  allocations  for  the  R’  Gear  program  by  the  defendants.  The  petitioners  raise  concerns  about  the  constitutionality  of  whether  or  not  the  executive  cabinet  has  the  power  to  veto  allocated  funds.  The  petitioners  also  raise  concerns  about  the  circumstances  as  to which the veto originally  took  place.  As  the  case  was  presented  before  the council it was broken down into two distinct issues that ultimately would  decide  the  case.  The  complex  nature  of  this  case  brought  up  numerous  points  that  exemplified  dysfunction  within  elements  of  the  ASUCR  body,  however,  it  is  of  the  Council’s  opinion  that  only  the  constitutional  arguments  should  be  ruled  on.  Any  procedural  mishappes  that  took  place  should  be  dealt  with  internally  and  resolved  hastenly  to  limit  their  probability of occuring in the future.     Both cases were accepted by a vote of 5-0-0.  _______________    Issue  #1:  Does  the  Executive  Cabinet  of  ASUCR  have  the  power  to  issue  a  veto  without  holding  an  official  meeting?    The constitution states in Article IV Section F Subsection 1,   The Executive Cabinet shall have the authority to:   1.  Veto  legislation  passed  by  the  Senate,  provided  the  legislation  did  not  pass  with a unanimous vote of all Senators  present.  The  veto  must  take  place  within  seven  (7)  days  of  the  Senate  meeting  in which the legislation was approved  and consist of a majority vote () of the Executive Cabinet.    It  is  of  the  opinion  of  this  council  that  a  vote  constitutes  deliberation  and  communication  between  members  of  the  executive  cabinet.  In  order  for  this  to  sufficiently  take  place  a  meeting  must  be  called  and quorum must be obtained. It is  negligent to decide on an action that must be voted on without first meeting and discussing the topic at hand.     Thus,  it  is  of  the  opinion  of  this  Council  that  any  decision  made  without  specific  declaration  of  a  meeting  is  void.  Therefore, the veto of the allocation of funds for R’ Gear was not a constitutional action.    The  Constitution  and  Bylaws  do  not  specify  any  particular  procedures  for  calling  meetings  of  the  Executive  Cabinet.  However,  based  on  testimony  it  is  clear  that  the  Executive  Cabinet  observes  a  regular  meeting  time  every  week.  This  meeting  which  produced  the  veto  was  held  outside  of  this  time and would be considered a "special meeting" According to  Robert's  Rules  of  Order  Chapter  16.  Robert’s  Rules  of  Order  suggest  that  special  meetings  should not be held unless the  governing documents of an organization explicitly allow them.       

 

Chapter 16 Special Meetings  A  special  meeting  (or  a  called  meeting)  is  a  separate  meeting  of a society held at a time different from the  regular  meeting.  The  bylaws  must  provide  guidelines  for  special  meetings.  If  the  organization  is incorporated, or if  state  laws  have  authority  over  it,  a  special  meeting  provision  may  be  in  the  corporate charter or the state laws. If an  organization's  governing  documents  do  not  provide  for  the  calling  of  special  meetings,  the  organization  can't  hold  them.  The  bylaws  or  other  governing documents should specify the proper procedures for calling a special meeting,  including  who  can  call  it,  the  conditions  under  which  it  can  be called, and the number of days notice that members  must  be  given.  Notice  of  the  time,  place,  and  purpose  of  the  meeting  must  be  sent  to  all  members  in  advance  of  the  meeting.  At  a  special  meeting,  members  can  discuss  only  the  business  that  was  stated  in  the  notification  (which  is  referred  to  as  the  call  to  the  meeting).  If  some  emergency  business  is  transacted  for  which  no  notice  was  given,  the  organization must ratify that business at a regular meeting or at another special meeting. 

  Chapter 3 of the bylaws, Section 4, item (c) states:     ​"The  Executive  Cabinet  Meeting  requires  Executive  Branch  representatives,  Parliamentarian,  and  Executive  Cabinet Secretary to be present throughout the entirety of the meeting."     Although  3  Executive  Cabinet  members  may  have  been  present  at  the  meeting,  there  was  neither  the  parliamentarian  or  Executive Cabinet Secretary present.    Since  the  constitution  requires  that  the  veto  be  brought  about  by  a  vote of the Executive Cabinet, it is necessary to gather  this  vote  at  a  meeting  that  is  pursuant  to  the  governing  documents  of  ASUCR.  These  meetings  need  to  be  reasonably  advertised  to  all  members  of  the  Cabinet  and  have  the proper quorum and attendance as specified by the bylaws. Without  these  conditions  being  met,  meetings  can  be  held  which  systematically  exclude  the  minority  from  voicing  their  opinions  and exercising their right to vote.   _______________    Issue #2: Does legislation encompass allocation or are they separate actions?    Much  deliberation  took  place  when  deciding  this  question. However, the council drew from two main sources to make its  decision.    The  first  source  is  the  Chapter  XIX  of  the  ASUCR  bylaws  Section  2  subsection  a(i)  and  a(ii).  This  section  defines  legislation.    Section 2. Definition   (a)  All  legislation  passed  by  the  Senate  shall  be  in  the  form of an ASUCR Bill or an ASUCR Resolution, and shall  be defined as follows,   (i)   An  ASUCR  Bill  shall  be  defined  as  an  amendment  to  current  ASUCR  bylaws,  an  enactment  of  a  proposed bylaw, or a proposal for a constitutional amendment.   (ii)  An ASUCR Resolution shall be defined as an expression of a non-binding position of the Senate.     By  this  definition,  allocations are not included in ASUCR’s definition of legislation. This exemplifies that they are separate  and distinct actions that must undergo separate and distinct processes as per the definitions provided.  This point is further supported by the ASUCR constitution specifically Article VI Section E Subsection (1b) and (1c)  SECTION E. Powers of the Judicial Branch   1. The Judiciary Branch shall have the expressed explicit authority to:   (b)  Review  financial  allocations  as  needed  to  ensure  they  are  made  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  set  forth  in  the  governing  rules  of  the  Finance  Committee.  This  shall  not  be  meant  to  construe  any  jurisdictional authority over the actual substance of allocations, only that the Judicial Council must uphold  the guidelines that the Finance Committee sets forth;  

(c)  Verify  the  legality  of  all  approved  ​legislation  and  any  extraneous  cases  which  are  brought  before  the  Judicial Council as needed;     In  this  excerpt  the constitution specifically separates the two actions (allocation and legislation) this again supports the idea  that allocation and legislation are two separate actions.   The Council recommends further definition of terms found within the legislative process in order to minimize dysfunction  and confusion.  ________________    The  Judicial  Council  has  decided  in  favor  of  the  petitioners  due  to  the  constitutional  questions  addressed  above.  The  Council  is  aware  of  various  other points presented in this case, however, it is of our determination that the other points are  not  constitutional  questions  but  instead  procedural  problems  that  arise  from  miscommunication  and  disorganization.  Effective  following  the  publication  of this decision the R’ Gear initiative shall be allocated  pursuant to the senate vote that  took place on March 7, 2018.    Signed,   

    ___________________________________ Chief Justice Jo Gbujama

___________________________________ Justice Peter Haddad      

  ___________________________________  Justice Starla Carrillo 

___________________________________  Vice Chief Justice Matthew Whiles 

___________________________________  Justice Rume Diamreyan 

W 18-JR-01.pdf

This. meeting which produced the veto was held outside of this timeand would be considered a"special meeting" According to. Robert's Rules of Order Chapter 16. Robert's Rules of Order suggest that special meetings should not be held unless the. governing documents of an organization explicitly allow them. Page 1 of 3 ...

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