Social Studies 11

Name ___________________ The War at Home – Total War

Total War  With the declaration of war, the Canadian government immediately became much more involved in the .  In April 1940, was minister in charge of the Department of Munitions and Supplies  Howe was known as the because he held extraordinary authority over the economy and wartime production  Soon, Vancouver was building , Montreal was building airplanes, the car industry was producing .  Farmers were told to produce more , and other foods  The policy of Total War meant that Canadians were willing to do to defeat the enemy Canadians in the Air  The (RCAF) had over 250 000 members with 48 squadrons overseas. Action took place in ________________________________________ ________________________________________.  Canadians also participated in the controversial . British and Canadian bombers raided German cities at night, while American bombers attacked during the day.  Canadian bomber ace Johnnie Fauquier: “There were sights you can’t forget. Firebombs, which set off as many as a hundred individual fires when they exploded, did the most damage. When you dropped thousands of them, the city looked like a vast boiling pot of lead. We were after military objectives: the seaport, armament works and so on. But there was another policy at work: ____________. ____________________________________________________________________________It’s not a thing we bragged about. But those people were at war with us and they were serious about it.”  The casualty rate among aircrew was very high. Nearly 10 000 Canadian bomber crew lost their lives in the war, of Canadians killed in World War II. “There were forty-three of us who graduated, forty three of us went to England. There were only three survivors. I am one of the lucky guys who lived.”  In 1941, the RCAF formed the women’s division, to support the war effort. Women worked as ______________________________________________________________________________. Female pilots were frustrated by the RCAF’s refusal to let them fly. Later in the war, women were allowed to fly bombers on flights to . The War at Home  The roles played by Canadians at home were just as important in winning the war as were the actions of the armed forces  Under the policy of Total War, Canadian factories were producing more goods than ever before. Workers put in long hours, many .  Before long there was a shortage of labour and women were again called on to assist. They worked as .  “ ” became a popular nickname for the women working in the factories  Women were in such high demand in factories in Ontario and Quebec that the provincial government began to provide .  Many workers, especially singe women, moved from rural areas to the industrial cities. Companies built dormitories to house them close to the factories, and government helped subsidize the food and rent in the dormitories. Canada’s Wartime Economy

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With the increase in production and employment, people suddenly had more money to spend. However, with much of production being shipped to Britain, there were fewer goods to buy. PM King wanted to avoid the and prevent Canada from falling into a massive , as it had done in the First World War. Canadians were encouraged to buy as they had during World War 1. Bonds would help Canadians save money, and help to solve the problem of inflation. The government would then use the money from the bonds to help . The government also , which helped the government raise revenue. Even with these efforts, prices and inflation rose in Canada during the war years. In 1941 the Wartime Prices and Trade Board took the drastic step of _____________________ _____________________ a way to prevent inflation. In 1942, the government introduced , which meant that Canadians were only allowed a certain amount of specific goods per week. For example, each Canadian was limited to a weekly ration of about , , 250 g. of butter, and . Canadian rations were generous compared with those in Britain and the United States.

What the War Meant for Canadians  Under the policy of Total War, Canada provided major military and economic support to the Allies. The value of goods produced rose from to _________________________________.  During the course of the war, financial aid given by Canada to the Allies amounted to ________________________________.  By the end of the war, Canada was known as the “ ”.  Virtually every sector of the Canadian economy experience a boom, as Canada became mostly responsible for most of the goods that were supplied to Britain, from _____________________ _______________________________________.  Canada’s enormous contribution to the war, in both human and economic terms, gave it a new role on the world stage.  Canadians became major players on the global conflict; ________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.