Index
INDEX
Cloud Computing 2011
1) What is Cloud Computing (CC)? 2) Why is this concept referred to as Cloud Computing? 3) Cloud computing provides following services 4) The concept of cloud computing fills a perpetual need of IT 5) Characteristic 6) Basic five layers of cloud computing 7) Four Development layers 8) Advantages of Cloud Computing 9) Disadvantages of Cloud computing 10) Future of cloud computing
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1. What is a Cloud Computing (CC)?
Cloud Computing 2011
Cloud Computing is an internet-based computer network, where a resource, software and applications are shared to be utilized by other computers connecting to it.
2. Why is this concept referred to as Cloud Computing?
It is because the internet is often visualized as a big cloud consisting of a large network of computers connected to each other. In essence cloud computing can be defined as a set of computers connected together sharing applications stored on the internet-based server. Cloud computing can be regarded as an extension of virtualization technology. Corporation can place applications or computer programs on the internet (not on their internal network). An example of cloud computing are Google Docs and Google Spreadsheets which are free for use by individuals but incur fees if used for commercial use. Another definition “Cloud computing” is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility like the electricity grid over a network typically the Internet. The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1960s, when“ John McCarthy” opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility.
Figure 1: Cloud Computing
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Cloud Computing 2011
3. Cloud computing provides following services
Computation Software Data access Storage That don’t require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Parallels to this concept can be drawn with the electricity grid, wherein end-users consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service.
4. The concept of cloud computing fills a perpetual need of IT A way to increase capacity and add capabilities of companies by Without investing in new infrastructure Training new personnel Licensing new software
Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption and delivery model for “IT” services based on Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources. It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided by the Internet. This may take the form of web-based tools or applications that users can access and use through a web browser as if the programs were installed locally on their own computers. Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through shared datacenters and appearing as a single point of access for consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings may be required to meet Service-Level Agreements (SLAs), but specific terms are less often negotiated by smaller companies.
5. Characteristic:
On-demand self-service Broad network access Resource pooling Rapid elasticity Measured service.
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Cloud Computing 2011
6. Basic five layers of cloud computing:
Figure 2: five layers of CC
Client: it is consists of hardware and software of computing. Examples include some computers, phones and other devices, operating systems, and browsers Application: deliver software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support. Platform: deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications Infrastructure: deliver computer infrastructure – typically a platform virtualization environment – as a service, along with raw (block) storage and networking. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data-center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service Server: The server’s layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific operating systems and combined offerings.
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Cloud Computing 2011
7. Four Development layers:
Figure 3 Types of CC
Public cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned to the general public on a fine-grained, selfservice basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider who bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis. Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organisations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the benefits of cloud computing are realized. Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. Private cloud is infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. They have attracted criticism because users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus
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Cloud Computing 2011
do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less hands-on management, essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".
8. Advantages of Cloud Computing
Save Hardware Cost: Companies can cut down on hardware investment because by using cloud computing they do not have to purchase additional server, peripherals and other network gear. Backup & Recover with Ease: Servers that run inside a virtual machine can be stored in one image file containing the entire system configuration and settings. In case a server crashes, you don’t have to scratch from beginning to perform reinstallation and reconfiguration. Simply take a copy of the saved image, restore data from last backup and the server will be back up and running again. You can save time, effort and resources. Easy To Deploy: Virtual servers can be cloned as much as possible and can be run on another machine without having to change configuration hence reducing the workload of IT staff and expedite the process. Save on Energy Bills: using cloud computing technology will be spared the need to maintain room temperature room to cool down server therefore reduce cost of electricity usage Reduced Space: The fewer the number of servers the lesser space to store the network equipment i the server is placed on a shared server or data center. Easier Maintenance and Management: Fewer numbers of servers will automatically reduce the time and cost to manage server. Hardware standardization: Hardware virtualization in cloud computing involves emulation and encapsulation so that the process of introduction and removal of a particular hardware can be carried out with ease. Easier to replace and upgrade: Replacing or upgrading a server specification can be easier to execute using cloud computing. If the parent server is overloaded and specifications are not sufficient anymore, we can easily upgrade the specification or move a virtual machine to another, more powerful server
9. Disadvantages of Cloud computing
It requires a stable internet connection, when there is no reliable internet connection you can’t expect to get the most of it. This can particularly be a hindrance for those living in remote areas without access to a reliable connection. When a data center crashes all the virtual machines will be affected. This can be prevented by backing up your data on a regular basis and using the so-called fail over or clustering though.
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If a parent server becomes a target in a hacking attack then the intruders will most likely be able to gain access to virtual servers using data stored on the parent server.
10. Future of cloud computing:
The future of cloud computing is expected to see lot of technological advances with a scope to change the world. Even now the current applications like email and accessing of social media through mobile handsets, which will be using the cloud based architecture. Uses applications which will extract entire potential of the cloud which will only be well known when it is used with Internet which has higher bandwidth rates and can be accessed at faster speeds because many of the public places like airlines, educational institutions now have hotspots which have wireless internet facilities. The load of maintaining software in client’s computer will be negligible since there is no need to install the software application on their computer so there will no need for the person to take stress for maintenance or troubleshooting issues if any arises. The applications can be operated on by using an interface designed especially for cloud computing which will make it easier for the person to access the software which is installed on one specific computer in a network. If the software can be accessed over web browser, then there will be minimal need to store data on the computer which indirectly points to another advantage offered by the future of cloud computing where the end user will not have to invest large amounts of money to buy hard disks which can store loads of information in various formats and types. All the data is stored safely on internet along with ready backup all the time. For people who is lot into gaming, future of cloud computing assures them that with the reduced usage of hardware, there will be no chance of virus entering the system since everything will be operated over the network and using web browser. Many areas of fields like medicine, education and space where there is need for larger storage spaces and which requires high bandwidth internet which might seem difficult if the system does not use cloud computing. Cloud computing reduces the cost and risks of having storage area and also can have the data stored readily with backup which does not have to be done manually.
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Bibliography http://www.Google.com http://www.wikipedia.org
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