Naming Molecular Compounds How are the chemical formula and name of a molecular compound related?
Why? When you began chemistry class this year, you probably already knew that the chemical formula for carbon dioxide was CO2. Today you will find out why CO2 is named that way. Naming chemical compounds correctly is of paramount importance. The slight difference between the names carbon monoxide (CO, a poisonous, deadly gas) and carbon dioxide (CO2, a greenhouse gas that we exhale when we breathe out) can be the difference between life and death! In this activity you will learn the naming system for molecular compounds.
Model 1 – Molecular Compounds Molecular Formula ClF ClF5
Number of Atoms of First Element
Number of Atoms of Second Element
Name of Compound Chlorine monofluoride
1
5
Chlorine pentafluoride
CO
Carbon monoxide
CO2
Carbon dioxide
Cl2O
Dichlorine monoxide
PCl5
Phosphorus pentachlroride
N2O5
Dinitrogen pentoxide
1. Fill in the table to indicate the number of atoms of each type in the molecular formula. 2. Examine the molecular formulas given in Model 1 for various molecular compounds. a. How many different elements are present in each compound shown? b. Do the compounds combine metals with metals, metals with nonmetals, or nonmetals with nonmetals? c. Based on your answer to b, what type of bonding must be involved in molecular compounds? 3. Find all of the compounds in Model 1 that have chlorine and fluorine in them. Explain why the name “chlorine fluoride” is not sufficient to identify a specific compound. 4. Assuming that the name of the compound gives a clue to its molecular formula, predict how many atoms each of these prefixes indicates, and provide two examples. mono di pentaNaming Molecular Compounds
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Model 2 – Prefixes and Suffixes Molecular Formula
Name of Compound
mono-
BCl3
Boron trichloride
di-
SF6
Sulfur hexafluoride
tri-
IF7
Iodine heptafluoride
tetra-
NI3
Nitrogen triiodide
penta-
N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxide
hexa-
Cl2O
Dichlorine monoxide
hepta-
P4O10
Tetraphosphorus decoxide
octa-
B5H9
Pentaboron nonahydride
nona-
Br3O8
Tribromine octoxide
deca-
ClF
Chlorine monofluoride
Prefix
Numerical Value
5. Examine the prefixes in Model 2. Fill in the numerical value that corresponds to each prefix. 6. What suffix (ending) do all the compound names in Model 2 have in common? 7. Carefully examine the names of the compounds in Model 2. When is a prefix NOT used in front of the name of an element? 8. Consider the compound NO. a. Which element, nitrogen or oxygen, would require a prefix in the molecule name? Explain your answer.
b. Name the molecule NO.
9. Find two compounds in Model 2 that contain a subscript of “4” in their molecular formula. a. List the formulas and names for the two compounds. b. What is different about the spelling of the prefix meaning “four” in these two names?
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POGIL™ Activities for High School Chemistry
10. Find two compounds in Model 2 that contain the prefix “mono-” in their names. a. List the formulas and names for the two compounds. b. What is different about the spelling of the prefix meaning “one” in these two names? 11. Identify any remaining names of compounds in Model 2 where the prefixes that do not exactly match the spelling shown in the prefix table. 12. Use your answers to Questions 9–11 to write a guideline for how and when to modify a prefix name for a molecular compound. Come to a consensus within your group.
13. Would the guideline you wrote for Question 12 give you the correct name for NI3 as it is given in Model 2? If not, modify your guideline to include this example.
14. All of the compounds listed in Model 2 are binary molecular compounds. Compounds such as CH3OH or PF2Cl3 are not binary, and compounds such as NaCl or CaCl2 are not molecular. Propose a definition for “binary molecular compounds.”
15. Collaborate with your group members to write a list of rules for recognizing and naming binary molecular compounds from their chemical formulas.
Naming Molecular Compounds
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16. For each of the following compounds, indicate whether or not your naming rules from Question 15 will apply. If not, explain why the naming rules do not apply. FeI3 ICl5 HBrO4
17. Using the rules your group developed in Question 15, name each of the following molecular compounds. Molecular Formula
Molecule Name
PBr3 SCl4 N2F2 SO3 BrF 18. Write molecular formulas for the following compounds. Molecular Formula
Extension Questions 19. This activity focused on molecular (covalent) compounds, while an earlier activity addressed ionic compounds. Notice that the formulas for both types of compounds can look very similar, even though their names are quite different:
Chemical Formula
Type of Compound/Bonding
Compound Name
MgF2
Ionic
Magnesium fluoride
CuF2
Ionic
Copper(II) fluoride
SF2
Molecular (covalent)
Sulfur difluoride
NaBr
Ionic
Sodium bromide
AuBr
Ionic
Gold(I) bromide
IBr
Molecular (covalent)
Iodine monobromide
Identify two differences between the names or formulas for ionic compounds versus those for binary molecular compounds. Also identify two similarities. Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds
Names and Formula of Molecular (Covalent) Compounds
Differences
Similarities
20. Use complete sentences to explain why AlCl3 is called “aluminum chloride” (no prefix required), but BCl3 is called “boron trichloride.”
Naming Molecular Compounds
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21. In the table below, first identify the type of bonding present in each compounds. Then fill in the missing name or formula for each compound using the appropriate set of rules. Chemical Formula
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