Naming Acids What makes an acid unique and how are acids named?
Why? A variety of acids are used in foods, industry, and research. Acids are covalently bonded molecules, but when they are put into water they produce ions. One of the ions produced is always H+, which immediately combines with a water molecule to form the hydronium ion (H3O+). The H3O+ ion is what defines the acidic properties of a substance. Because of their special classification, acids have a naming system different from ionic or other molecular (covalent) compounds.
Model 1 – Binary Acids Acid
Name of acid in aqueous solution
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HBr
Hydrobromic acid
H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid
HF
Hydrofluoric acid
Cation (+)*
Anion (–)
H3O+
Cl1–
2H3O+
S2–
*Hydrogen ions (H+) join with water molecules in solution to form hydronium ions, H3O+.
1. Complete the cation and anion columns of the table in Model 1. Be careful to show the charges on the ions. 2. Why does hydrosulfuric acid contain two hydrogens? 3. Look at the formulas and names of the binary acids in Model 1. a. What prefix is used at the beginning of the name for all binary acids? b. What suffix is used at the end of the name for all binary acids? 4. The prefix “bi” means “two.” Propose a reason that the acids in Model 1 are all referred to as “binary” acids. 5. Write a rule for naming binary acids.
6. Look at the formulas of the ternary acids in Model 2. a. How are ternary acids different from binary acids in their structure?
b. What number do you think the prefix “ter-” refers to? 7. When ternary acids are mixed with water, ions will form. Fill in the table above with the formulas and names of the anions. 8. Examine the pairs of ternary acids in Model 2 that contain sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Each pair has one acid that ends in “-ic” and another that ends in “-ous.” These endings are related to the name of the polyatomic anion found in the acid (“-ate” or “-ite”). Complete the statements below with the correct acid name ending. Polyatomic anion ending is “-ate” → acid name ending is _______. Polyatomic anion ending is “-ite” → acid name ending is _______. 9. If the prefix “hydro-” were used to name a ternary acid, what problem would this create when naming HClO3? 10. Write a rule for naming ternary acids.
11. Predict the formula for chlorous acid. 12. Circle the acid(s) below that would be named beginning with the prefix “hydro-.” H2SO3
2
HF
H2S
H2CO3
HNO2
POGIL™ Activities for High School Chemistry
Extension Questions Model 3 – Halogen Oxyacid Acid Families Acid
Name of Acid
HClO4
Perchloric acid
HClO3
Chloric acid
HClO2
Chlorous acid
HClO
Hypochlorous acid
Cation (+)
Anion (–)
Anion Name Perchlorate
H3O+ Chlorite
HBrO4
Perbromate
HIO3 HFO2 HIO
IO–
Hypoiodite
13. Write the formulas of the cations and anions for each acid in the table in Model 3. 14. Consider the names of the oxyacids in Model 3 that contain chlorine. All halogens form similar oxyacids that use the same naming convention. Fill in the names of the halogen oxyacids to complete the table. 15. The table below includes both binary and ternary acids. Using what you have learned in this activity, fill in the missing formula and name for the anion in each acid, and give the formula of the acid. Acid name
... ternary acids. Using what you have learned in this. activity, fill in the missing formula and name for the anion in each acid, and give the formula. of the acid. Acid name Anion Anion Name Acid Formula. Hydroiodic acid. Chlorous acid. Hypobromous acid. Phosphoric acid. Sulfurous acid. Page 3 of 3. 19 Naming Acids-S.pdf.
which immedi- ately combines with a water molecule to form the hydronium ion (H3. O+. ). The H3. O+. ion is what defi nes. the acidic properties of a substance.
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