EiEDLDlilCAL NEWSLETTER

JAN

1976

Non-Profit Org.

U. S. POSTAGE

PAID Portland, Oregon Permit No. 999 Address Correction Requested - Return Postage Guaranteed

Sta t e of O?egon (2 of 2 ) l De pt . of Geo l ogy & l.!i:ieral I naus J 1069 State Off i ce Bldg . Portl a nd.Ote . 97201

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE DREliDN COUNTRY P. 0. BOX 8579

PORTLAND. OREGON

17207

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1975-1976 ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COMMITIEE PRESIDENT John H . Bonebrake 289-8597 4109 N. Winchell Street Portland , Oregon 97203 VICE PRESIDENT - LECTURES Opal M. Helfrich 253-7446 251 NE 133rd Avenue Portland , Oregon 97230 SECRETARY Dorothy R. Waiste 235-4320 133 SE 27th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 TREASURER Milbert M. Holzwarth 284-3444 2524 NE 34th Avenue Portland , Oregon 97212

DIRECTORS: MEMBERS-AT-LARGE Vincent J. Eggleston 253-6741 10030 NE Skidmore Street Portland , Oregon 97220 (3 years)

Emily L. Delano 236-2139 (Bus.) 1536 SE 11th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 (2 years) Robert Waiste 235-4320 133 SE 27th Avenue Portland , Oregon 97214 (1 year) IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENTS Clair F. Stahl 281-2220 George E. Malin Sr. 665-1051

ACTIVITIES CHAIRPERSONS BOOK PURCHASING Louis E. Oberson 282-3685 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland , Oregon 97212 EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR Norman A. Hessel 236-7860 1665 SE Harney Street Portland , Oregon 97202 FIELD TRIPS Donald G. Turner 246-3192 4350 SW Altadena Avenue Portland , Oregon 97201 HISTORIAN Viola L. Oberson 282-3685 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland , Oregon 97212 HOSPITALITY Effie M. Hall 246-2446 4707 SW Evans Street Portland, Oregon 97219

LIBRARIAN Shirley M. O'Dell 234-4879 117 SE 52nd Avenue Portland , Oregon 97215 LUNCHEONS Leo F. Simon 236-0549 7006 SE 21st Avenue Portland , Oregon 97202 LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Laurette W. Kenney 775-5697 4125 SE Gladstone Street Portland, Oregon 97202 MEMBERSHIP Ruth A. Goldson 244-2600 1351 SW Hume Street Portland, Oregon 97219 PROPERTIES Karl R. Bock 244-5194 9315 SW 37th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97219

PUBLICATIONS Lloyd A. Wilcox 636-6594 16650 SW Lake Forest Blvd . Lake Grove, Oregon 97034 PUBLICITY Arthur Hansen 236-5009 7326 SE 21st Avenue Portland , Oregon 97202 TELEPHONE L. Ellen Fahrion 244-2778 9229 SW Capital Highway Portland , Oregon 97219 TRANSPORTATION Donald A. Campbell 238-1057 4115 SE Morrison #2 Portland, Oregon 97214 PAST PRESIDENTS' PANEL Clair F. Stahl 281-2220 3235 NE 61st Avenue Portland, Oregon 97213

ACTIVITIES LECTURES: Lecture meetings on subjects related to the Earth Sciences are held at 8 p.m. , In Room 53, Cramer Hall, Portland State University at SW Broadway at Miii, on the second and fourth Fridays of the months. (Except July and August) FIELD TRIPS : Usually one field trip per month is scheduled via private car, In caravan or chartered bus. An occasional two-day trip with overnight camping is planned. EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR : Browsing time in the GSOC library, Room S7 at 7 p.m., with the scheduled seminar In Room S17 at 8 p.m. , on the third Tuesday of each month. (Except July and August) WORKSHOPS: Small groups are organized for intensive study of a specific subject by participating members. LUNCHEONS: Informal. Show and tell of earth science specimens. A local authority is programmed to give a talk - usually with films . Guests are welcome. Every Thursday noon in the Mountain Room , Downtown YMCA. ANNUAL EVENTS : The President 's Campout - Summer. Picnic in Crater at Mt. Tabor Park - August. Year-end Banquet - March . PUBLICATIONS : Trip Logs and price llsts are obtainable from the chairman. NEWSLETTER: The official journal of the Society Is The Geologlcal Newsletter. The editor Is elected by the membership.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER JANU ARY 1976

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935

CONTENT S

'

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES LECTURES twice monthly, second and fourth Fridays at 8 p .m., in Room 53 Cramer Hall , Portland State Univ.

2

O IL UNDER T H E NO RT H SEA By Vernon C. Newton Jr.

3

DRY FALLS WITH WALTHALL Lectu re report by Charlene Holzwarth

3

EARTH SCIENCE SEM INAR By C. T . L. Murphy

4

REPORT OF NOMINATION COMM ITTEE By Dorothy R. Wa iste, secretary

4

LUNCHEON HIGH LIGHTS By William M . Freer

4

WILCOXES' PEOPLE COLUMN By Lloyd and Reba

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER EDITORIAL STAFF Editor 282-3685 Vio la L. Oberson 3569 NE Slanlon Street Portland , Oregon 972 12 AESE member Associalion of Earth Science Editors

Assistant Editor Phyllis G . Bonebrake 4109 N. Wi nchell S treet Port land, Orego n 97203 Business Manager S hi rley O'Dell 11 7 SE 52nd Ave nue Portland , Orego n 972 15 C irculation Ma nager Art hur Ha nsen 7326 SE 2 1st Avenue Portland , Oregon 97202

289-8597

282-4879

Sta nley P rint ing Co m pany

9 January, Friday. LECTURE NIGHT Speaker: John F. Lawler, elementary school teacher, P ort land Public Schools. Subject: Fossil Lake Oregon: Ancient Mam mals, Birds, and Fish. 23 January, Friday. LECTU R E NIGHT Speaker: Dr. J oseph J. Kohut, associate professor, Earth Science Department, PS U. S ubject: "Everything you ever wanted to know about (geology) but were afraid to ask" or couldn't find. 11 January, Sunday. FIELD T RI P P urpose: Tour of Portland Air Base Weather Station and other facilities at the base. Leader: Lawrence J . Bellarts, Lt. Col. U.S . Air F orce (Retired) Locale and Time: Meet at 12:30 p. m. inside the·main gate of the base of NE 55th Cornfoo t Road . Directions: North fro m NE Columbia Blvd . on NE 47th to Cornfoot Road, he nce east to the base. Fee: 10¢ per person. Instructions: P lease display your GSOC sign on your car. 13 January, Tuesday. EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR. Chairpersons: Norman a nd Geneva Hessel. Place: GSOC Library at 7. p.m. Librarian, Shirley O'Dell. Seminar: At 8 p.m. in Room S l7 Cramer Hall Leader: Cynthia M. Drayer, geology major, PSU . Subject: App r aisal of Pa leoec o logy F ro m Morphology. LUNCHEONS every Thursday at noon. Mountain RC>om , Downtown YMCA . SW Taylor at 6th Ave.

LUNCH IS BROWN BA G ONLY. COF FEE, TEA, M ILK AVAILABLE. 236-5009

T he Geolo~ical Nell's/et/er is d esigned to a nnounce the activities o f the Society fo r the comi ng month; to report lectures. fie ld trips. eart h science seminars. workshops. a nd luncheons: to give i nfo rmation a bout the membership: to advocate guest editorials wherein the good o f the Society ca n be elicited: a nd to present acco lad es to those whose achievements arc of merit. It serves to i nform its readers concerning studies in the earth sc ie nces and especially those devc lormcnts that pertai n to a better under.aanding of the geo logical processe~ related to the Oregon Count ry: namely Oregon. Washington. Idaho. western Monta na. and sou thweste rn Wyom ing. It is published o nce each month and is d istributed to ea ch membership. S ubscriptions are $5.00. ordered fro m the Busi ness Manager. Printers:

VOL. 42 NO. I

8 January, Speaker: Topic: 15 Janua ry, Speaker: Topic: 22 January, Speaker: Topic: 29 January, Speaker: Topic:

Thursday. LUNCHEON. R .E . (Andy) Corcoran, State Geologist. What's New in Oregon Geology. T hursday. LUNCHEON. John F. Lawler, elementary school teacher, P ortland P ublic Sc)lools. The Making of Fine American Crystal. Thursday. LUNCHEON Larry L. McG raw, City of Portland fireman, retired. Pioneer Fruits a nd Pioneer Nurse rymen. Thursday. LUNCHEON F rank C. Petterson, managing partner, Supreme Perlite Co. The Manufacture of Perlite.

OIL UNDER THE NORTH SEA By Vernon C. Newton Jr. • Since our landing on the moon in .1971 none of the recent scientific and technological accomplishments seems to excite us much but when we consider drilling for and producing oil from beneath the North Sea, we should be considerably impressed by the enormous difficulties that have been overcome. At the present time, oil companies have discovered 34 oil fields and 48 gas fields beneath the North Sea. Another amazing development was just getting five countries to agree on territorial boundaries in the North Sea . Current estimates of the amount of oil to be won from the subsea region place the figure at more than 40 billion barrels of oil and 80 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in the British sector alone. Deposits in other sectors should yield another 20 billion barrels of oil and 40 trillion cubic feet of gas. If these prodictions hold, North Sea production will rank 4th in world production behind Arabia, Iraq, and the United States by 1983: Daily production from the North Sea should reach four million BJD by this time (roughly ~ of the amount now used by the United States). The North Sea basin trends northwest-southeast and measu res approximately 250 miles by 540 miles. Water depth is 250 to 300 feet in the southern portion of the sea and deepens to 600 feet or mo re at the northern end. A linear trench which reaches ·a depth of more than 1,200 feet lies between the fields in the north and the mainland of Norway. This physical barrier proved to be a problem to Norway as it was not possible to build a pipe line from fields in the central basin to its shore so arrangements had to be made with Great Britain to build the line to Teesside on the northeastern coast of Great Britain and other pipe lines to the northern islands on the west side of the North Sea basin. This agreement was accomplished, however, to the satisfaction of both countries. (The 34" line to Teesside was completed in 1975 and the northern island pipeline is still to be constructed) . . Oil and gas has been found in marine rocks ranging in age from Permian to lower Tertiary. Geologists divide the North Sea basin into three tnajor oil producing regions and one area which produces gas: 1. Tertiary Formations; Forties and Montros Fields off northern and gas condesate fields southeast of the Shetland Islands. 2. Upper Cretaceous (fractured chalk reservoirs) in the Norwegian and Danish areas. 3. Prolific Jurassic Sands of the northern end of the North Sea basin. 4 . Permian Formations in Southeast Britain and in North Holland (Gronigan gas field is one of the world's largest). Carboniferous beds were encountered at less than 10,000 feet below the ocean floor in the southern half of the basin while this age rock was found to be 16,000 feet beneath the ocean floor in the northern part of the basin. Marine rocks, therefore, thicken northward toward the north Atlantic Ocean. Thick evaporite deposits make up the Permian beds in the south half of the North Sea basin indicating long periods when this portion of the sea was a tidal region. Beds of carboniferious age or older have apparently undergone · more deformation than the younger rocks so most of the Paleozoic section is believed to be doubtful for oil and gas production.

The Geological Newsletter -

At the near-shore southern end of the North Sea the production is predominantly gas and this region wa: the first to be developed . Discovery ratios in the gas area was 20 dry to one producing well while it took eight dry to one producer in the northern area showing that experience greatly improved the odds. The North Sea fields have been discovered and prepared for development within the past ten years. This has required seismic surveys to be run across the entire basin and the drilling of scores of deep holes. Costs for drilling these holes varied between $3 million and $10 million each. A floating drilling platform costs the oil companies $60,000/ day at the present time. Probably as many as 50 production platforms, most of which are twice the weight of the biggest battleship ever built, have been fabricated in Great Britain, Norway, Germany, Holland, Jaoan and the United States. Pipe laying barges and auxilliary ships also had to be built. Capital outlay thus far in this venture totals in the billions of dollars. Economies of the countries involved in this huge oil venture have been greatly stimulated by the construction of equipment and purchase of supplies. Pipe lines up to three feet in diameter will be laid on the sea floor from the central North Sea fields to Britain. Facilities for handling one million BJD of crude oil are being built at the Teesside terminal. The pipe is laid on ditches where it crosses shipping Janes and where communication cables were crossed by the pipe line. The c~bles had t~ be raised, cut and respliced after laying the ptpe. Gas will be taken from the norwegian fields to Emden, Netherlands. Prior to laying lines to Holland, the companies had to remove World War II mines that were found 25 miles off the coast of Holland. Capacity of the Emden gas line wiJJ be 2.5 billion c.f.d. at 2,000 psi. This quantity is about ten times the amount consumed in Ore_gon. Platforms weighing 70,000 tons or more are towed to the site and sunk to the bottom by pumping water into the lower tubular members. A typical platform extends 50 to 60 feet above sea level. The largest production platform built to date for North Sea development measures 540 feet in height. About 30 wells are drilled from each platform. Cost of one production platform is now approximately $300 million. It takes on the average 30 days to drill one well. Some of the future wells will be completed on the ocean floor but thus far governments and oil companies have been hesitant to apply this technology. Shipping of the oil can be done by two methods: undersea pipe line or by offshore loading platform. For the smaller fields building a pipe line is not economically feasible so offshore loading would be used and a loading buoy stationed to support the field outlet. This system requires substantial on-site storage so where this system is planned, large concrete storage tanks will be constructed on the ocean floor. Production from one platform will range from 50,000 BJD to 200,000 BJD. Some of the large wells in the North Sea can produce between 10,000 and 20,000 BJD. Oil under the North Sea will bring much needed wealth to Great Britain, Scandanavia and western Europe in the years to come and will supplement the dwindling world supply of petroleum. *Vernon C. Newton Jr., petroleum engineer, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries.

January 1976

2

DRY FALLS WITH WALTHALL Lecture report by Charlene Holzwarth On November 14, Glenn E. Walthall, fluent speaker and biology instructor from Sunset High School brought rock samples, concretions, pamphlets, and many pressed flora of the Columbia Basin and the Dry Falls area. The rock labels included the names for the Crustose lichens common to the upper Sonora Desert. The November issue of the Pacific Search magazine containing J . Harlen Bretz's scab land concept with a picture of the University of Chicago geologist was on display with the other items for the Society members to enjoy before Walthall presented his excellent geology and fine Oower pictures selected from the 240 pictures taken on the recent GSOC Field Trip led by Don Barr to the Channeled Scablands of eastern Washington. The uses made by Indians of the wild flowers growing in the Columbia Gorge made the flower pictures doubly interesting. His comments on the 8.5 ph water at Soap Lake near Ephrata amused the audience. The slide scenes of petrified wood washed to the Vantage area by the Great Flood were instructive. Walt hall's theory of the original meaning of the pictographs included: I . religious symbolism, 2. su bduing the spirit of the animal to allow ascendance of power of the hunter, and 3. directions or a message to enlighten following hunters . While s howing the' plant Lewisia , red in Washington and white in Oregon, he conjectured about mineral expression· in different soils. The semi-tropical type of fossils deposited during an earlier age of completely different climate before the rise of the Cascades were shown as he mused "fossils were put here to confuse us." His comparison of the Dry Falls to more than three Niagaras was helpful. T hen he delighted us with an imitation of Don Turner keeping the bus load of members on schedule. He showed slides of imported weeds of Goat's Beard and Salsify, useful for food. The Western Kingbird was caught with identifying flight feathers exposed. The Rock Lace Fem found in the Coulees, the marmot's hibernation pattern, the Mountain Brush Rabbit and its 30 day gestation period with the possibility for ecological disaster were discussed. The th.ought that bumble bees and darkening beetles, along with puffballs and weeds have their place in the desert to unlock the minerals in the rocks was aired. He ended the evening's program with a 1925 poem b y Ralph S. Space: I walk within a n ancient forest where few other men have trod, I feel a part of nature and am much closer to my God. I bow my head and humbly tell of gratitude for nature and its wonders, for peace of solitude, for the privilege to be part of God's plan in a maximum of nature with a minimum of man .

In

!U~mnriam

GRACE POPPLETON Charter Member June 6, 1909 - October 14, 1975

The Geological Newsletter -

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE With the beginning of the new year, resolutions are in order. A good one to add to your list is better attendance at the regular GSOC meetings. September, November and December were irregular due to holidays and permitted only one Friday evening meeting to be scheduled. It will be good to resume our twice a month lecture night which will be in order through June. We hope many more of you will mark your calendars for the 2nd and 4th Fridays for these 12 future meetings. The fourth Friday in February is our Annual Meeting where reports of the year are given and results of the election announced. New officers will be installed at the Annual Society Banquet on March 12. It will be held again in Smith Memorial Center at Portland State University. Leo Simon will be continuing in his role as ticket man. Phyllis Bonebrake will serve as General Banquet Chairman. - John H. Bonebrake

·----------------------------------------· EARTH SCIENCE SEM INAR By C. T . L. Murphy The Columbia River had a thorough going-over b y the earth science group on November 18th. From its origin at Canal Flats in British Columbia to the south jetty terminus on the Oregon shore, the old waterway suffered meanders, gorges, downwarps, and uplifts, lava flows, landslides, sluices, da ms, ice jams, floods, waterfalls, and dry falls. But it's still with us. Bill Freer, topic leader, threw in some welldocumented history of early settlements as the Astor and Hudson's Bay developments. Under moderator Norman Hessel'i direction bits of discussion were advanced by Claire Stahl. Dale McKeragha n, Geneva Hessel ·and Hollis Orem. , Librarian Shirley O'Dell was on duty. Geneva s refreshment counter was popular.

-------·------------------------------------NEW MEMBERS WELCOMED

By The Geological Society of the Oregon Country Hackett, F. Earl 246-3291 0514 SW Palatine Hill Road Portland, Oregon 972 19 643-7207 Hawley, John W. and Diane B. 1340 NW Jenne Portland, Oregon 97229 621-3556 Hildenbrand, Paul R. and C. Joyce Route I , Box 264 Portland, Oregon 97231 Kenney, Albert R . Adelaide, South Australia 281-7252 Mostue, Brian and Emily C. 3134 NE 24 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97212 HONOR ROLL Members who have this month sponsored a member. Glenn Akins, Grace Scarbrough. JANUARY T IM E FOR BINDING NEWSLETTERS Please see directions at end of Index page in December issue.

January 1976

3

NOMINATIONS FOR 1976-77 The Nominating Committee presents the followinl? slate of candidates for the elective positions indicated for the year 1976-77. All have agreed to serve in these capacities if elected. President Opal M . Helfrich Vice President Normal A. Hessel Secretary Dorothy R . Waiste Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth Margaret R. Howell Editor Member-at-large(3 years)Lillian M. Miller In accordance with Article Vlll, Section 1 of the Society's by-laws, other nominations may be made by members of the Society by filing with the Secretary, on or before the 25th day of January 1976, a list of such nominations which shall be signed by at least ten members of the Society. Other members who will continue on the Executive Committee are Emily L. Delano, Vincent J . Eggleston, John H. Bonebrake and Clair F. Stahl. Ballots will be mailed to members about February I, 1976 and should be returned to the Secretary prior to the annual meeting - February 27, 1976. Dorothv R. Waiste. Secretary

---------------------------------------LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS

By William M. Freer Without any visible effort LEO SIMON wafted us back into the nostalgic past when he gave the November 13 Thursday Luncheon a superb slide show of some spectacular scenes now gone forever. These were his beautiful exposures of the Indians fishing from the rugged rock formations at Celilo Falls before the Falls were inundated by The Dalles Dam. The Indians, perched on their precarious platforms overhanging the churning swirls of the frenzied water, sometimes half lost in the spray, made one of the last dramatic action pictures of the Old West. ln addition, there were views of fishwheels at work, the old Dalles-Celilo Canal that circumnavigated the Falls, and some miscellaneous shots of the Lava Tube Forest out of Bend, and of picturesque Lake Chelan. What with Leo's more than perfect photography this was a most memorable program. The November 20 Luncheon had a rare archaeological experience when TOM MATHEWS, retired spectroscopist from DOG AM I, took it on a trip to the greatest of all Roman ruins at Baalbek, or, if you prefer, Heliopolis. The construction of this ancient and gigantic city in Eastern Lebanon, in tribute to Baal, the sun god, and other deities, was begun in about A.O. 60 and terminated unfinished 370 years later by Constantine the Great when the Roman Empire was Christianized and the original concept was outdated. The complex has temples of heroic proportions with columns 60 feet in height and eight feet in diameter in three sections doweled together with great iron dowels a foot square. Other 30 foot columns of red granite were imported from Aswan on the Nile. One huge monolith, squared on all sides and one end but still in its limestone quarry, weighs 1,500 tons. The architectural style is Greek with Roman influenc~. such as arches and domes. The whole amazing concept of this site staggers the imagination. NEW SUBSCRIBER Biblioteka Akademii nauk Vladimirskaja, 62 Kiev, USSR

The Geological Newsletter -

January 1976

WILCOXES' PEOPLE COLUMN By Lloyd and Reba In the last issue of the newsletter we mentioned that copies of Hodge's Mount Multnomah and The Jurassic and Cretaceous Rudistids of Oregon by Lupher and Packard were available from University of Oregon if purchased in bulk quantities and we would gladly act as middle man to assure you copies of these works for your library. The response to our announcement was something less than overwhelming, one prepaid request for two copies of Mount Multnomah, with postage included, bless her heart. Assuming that this really did not indicate a lack of interest from the membership, we ordered several copies of each and they are now available to you at the drop of a coin. They seemed to go very well at the December meeting; we disposed of all that we brought along. Oh, well, whatever does not sell will be added to the boxes and boxes of copies of the Society's Trip Logs that are plugging our back bedroom to the utter confusion of the adminstrator of my estate. DR. EARL C. and MARGERET MUCK celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary October 24. Festivities inc.Juded a dinner for 37 at Holliday Inn, hosted by their children and a reception October 25 at St. John's Luthern Church, followed by a three week vacation in the islands of Hawaii. DR. MUCK is still actively practicing dentistry. We wish them continued years of happiness and comfort. AL KEEN suffered a heart attack December 5 shortly after the conclusion of a program put on by th~ KEENS for the Oregon Agate and Mineral Society. RUTH advises he is now out of intensive care and resting well. AL is presently "in residence" at Providence Hospital but hopefully will be home again before you receive your copy of the newsletter. The thoughts of all of us are with you through this Christmas Season, AL, with best wishes for a speedy recovery. KARL and BEVERLY BOCK departed the Portland area in September for a seven week to4r of our great Southwest, concentrating their efforts in the deserts and the mountains. Come to think of it, where else would you go in .o ur great Southwest? They visited abandoned mines and abandonded towns and communed with the beautiful bristlecone pines in some of the area's higher reaches although they missed the groves in the White Mountains which they are saving for a later time. A coincidence? While strolling down the main thoroughfare of Virginia City, who should they run into but DR. JOHN and MARGARET ALLEN. JOHN, you know, is at the University of Nevada in Reno this year. (See last newsletter). A large group of GSOCers recently met at the home of WALLY and ELEANOR McCLUNG for pot-luck and then to Mt. Hood Community College where they thoroughly enjoyed a slide program depicting underwater scenes of the destruction of ships of the Japanese Navy in the harbor at Truk during World War II. The show, a frofessional production, was produced and presented by Dr. Otis Clingman, administrative assistant to the Dean. ELEANOR and WALLY departed December 15 for a three week trip to the Society Island group with major emphasis on the island of Tahiti where WALLY plans to engage himself in a series of experiments to determine if grass skirts are flammable . Sounds like he intends to light a fire under someone. He better watch out or ELEANOR will li~ht a fire under him! BOB WAISTE sez: Don't judge everything by appearances - the early bird may simply have been up all night. 4 1

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

..

To provide facilities and leadership for members of the Society to study geology, particularly the geology of the Oregon Country. The establishment and maintenance of a library of geological publications. The encouragement of geological study among amateurs and students. The support and promotion of geologic investigation in the Oregon Country. The designation, preservation and interpretation of importaQt geologic features of the Oregon Country. The development of the mental capacities of its members in the study of geology and the promotion of better acquaintance and closer association between those engaged in the above objectives.

MEMBERSHIP QUALIFICATIONS A member shall be a person at least twenty-one years of age who is interested in and supports the aims and objectives of the Society and who has been recommended by the membership committee. Membership shall be divided into seven classes as follows: Junior Member, Member, Fellow, Honorary Life Member, Sponsor, Patron, anet Benefactor. A regular member shall be: (a) a single person, or (b) a husband and wife. Children under eighteen years of age are included in their parent's membership, but are not eligible to vote.

A Junior member shall be a person under 21 years of age, not included in a family membership. DUES The annual dues for members living within reasonable access distance of Portland (30 miles) shall be $10.00, and for Junior members, $5.00. For those living more than 30 miles distant from Portland dues shall be $7 .00 and $3.00 respectively.

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP The Geological Society of the Oregon Country Date _ _ __ _ _ __ Individual: - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - Family:

Husband - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - Wife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ Children under 18 _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ __

( ) Junior: Address:

Residence-- - - -- - - -- - - - - - -- - - Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Business _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ Phone _ _ _ __ __ _

Occupation: - - - -- -- -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - -- -- - - Geolo~cal

interests and

hobbies= --------------------------~

Sponsoring member: - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - -- - - - - - - - Remittance of $ _ _ _ __ __ for dues is attached. Signature of Applicant

Make check payable and mail to THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY Attn. Secretary P.O. Box 8579 Portland, Oregon 97207

GJE Ol OGKC

r KMlE c HART

STRATIGRAPHIC DIVISION§

TIME

SYSTE M OR PERIOD

Est i mated ages of ti me boundor ies in mi 11 ions o f ye ors

ERA

SERIES O R EPO CH

DOMINANT LIFE AN IMALS

Ho locene Pleistoc e ne

Q U ATER NARY

Mon

2- 3 Pl iocene_ M ioc e ne O ligocene Eoce ne Pa leoc e ne

CENOZOIC TERTIARY

---

12 26 37- 38 53-54· 65

Upper (l ate ) Lower (Eorl y l

CRETAC EOUS

136 Uppe r (Late) M i dd le (Middl e ) Low e r (Eo1 ly)

J U RASS IC

ME§OZOKC

--

M o mmo ls, bi1ds, bony fish, mol lusks, o rthro pods a nd insects

Di nosours and Fly ing and swi mm i ng

rept iles

190- 195 Upper (L" te) M iddle (M iddle ) Lower ([or ly)

TRIASS IC

PLANT S

Fl ow e1 i119 trees and shru bs

.. Coni fers , Cycads , G inkgos and Fe rns

Ammon ites

225 PERM IA N

Upper (Late ) Low er (Eorlyl

PENNSYLVANIAN

Upper fLote l M idd le (Middle ) Lowe r 1Eor lyl

rept i les & Amph ib ians

M l'>S ISSI Pt'IAN

Upper ILo te ) Lower (Earl y l

Cr inoids a nd Blosto ids

DfVON l -\N

Uppe r (late l Mi ddle (Middle) Low er !Earl y)

SILUR IAN

Uppe1 iLo lel M iddle iM iddle ; low e r (Eorl y)

G ian t insec ts,

280

:; a

Qj

B 0

u

34 5

PALEOZOIC

Primi tive

Sho1ks & lungfish

395

Caro ls ,

Sc a le trees, Cordoites, Col o mite s , and Tree fe rns Pr i mitive sca le tree s and h e e ferns Lycopods and Psi lophy tes

430 - 440 OR D OV ICI M~

Uppe r (la t e ) Midd le IMiddl e l Lower (Eor ly)

Brochiopods , and

500 CAMBRIAN

Upper ( Late ) Middle (Midd le ) Low e r (Earl y)

Tri lo b ites

Al gae a nd Fu ng i

570

lPRECAMlBRliAN (More thor, 80'\ o f eorth's es li mote d 4. 5 b il lion ye a rs fal ls w ith in th is e1ol

lnfo1mo l subdivisions such as uppe1 , mi ddle , a nd lower; o r upper a nd low er; o r younger o nd older may be used locally.

3 , 600·

Beginni ng of pr imi ti ve p la n t ond a n ima l life

O ldest 1ocks l.no .vn i n Orego" Limeston e s in cer1t.ol Ore gon ccn roini ng Middle Devon ian fossils - abo ut 370 million years o ld. Olde st 1 oc k ~ known i n Nor th Ame r ic a : G rani t ic gnei sses in M i nn eso t a - 3550 mi ll ion ;eors o ld . Oldest fossi Is k,,own in the w o1Id : Algol sto mo to li te s in sou thern Rhodesia - 2. 7 bi l lion ye a rs old. Oldes t roc ks know n in the wo rld: Australia, Fin la nd , South Africa, and North Amede o h o ve roc ks a bo ut 3 . 5 b i llio n y e ars o ld . Ag e of t he earth: a bout 4. 5 bill ion year s o ld . Adopt e d from U.S. G e o logical Surve y and other so..irces. Ages o f o ldest rocks and foss i ls from T . W. Stein, U.S.G.S . Isotope Bronc!>, Morc h 1970.

Stat e' o f O regon De portme nt o f G eology and M ineral Industr ies 1069 Stole O ffi ce Bu il d ing, Por tland, O reg. 97201

&ECILCl&ICAL NEWSLETTER Non-Profit Org.

U. S. POSTAGE

PAID Portland, Oregon Permit No. 999

•

Address Correction Requested - Return Postage Guaranteed

. Dept . Of Geology and Mineral Industries (1 of 2)

•

•

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE DREliDN COUNTRY P. 0. BOX 8579

PORTLAND, OREGON

97207

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1975-1976 ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PRESIDENT John H. Bonebrake 289-8597 4109 N. Winchell Street Portland , Oregon 97203 VICE PRESIDENT - LECTURES Opal M. Helfrich 253-7446 251 NE 133rd Avenue Portland , Oregon 97230 SECRETARY Dorothy R. Waiste 235-4320 133 SE 27th Avenue Portland , Oregon 97214 TREASURER Milbert M. Holzwarth 284-3444 2524 NE 34th Avenue Portland , Oregon 97212

DIRECTORS : MEMBERS-AT-LARGE Vincent J. Eggleston 253-6741 10030 NE Skidmore Street Portland , Oregon 97220 (3 years) Emily L. Delano 236-2139 (Bus.) 1536. SE 11th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 (2 years) Robert Waiste 235-4320 133 SE 27th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 (1 year) IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENTS Clair F. Stahl 281 -2220 George E. Malin Sr. 665-1051

'

ACTIVITIES CHAIRPERSONS BOOK PURCHASING Louis E. Oberson 282-3685 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland , Oregon 97212 EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR Norman A. Hessel 236-7860 1665 SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 FIELD TRIPS Donald G. Turner 246-3192 4350 SW Altadena Avenue Portland , Oregon 97201 HISTORIAN Viola L. Oberson 282-3685 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland , Oregon 97212 HOSPITALITY Effie M. Hall 246-2446 4707 SW Evans Street Portland, Oregon 97219

LIBRARIAN Shirley M. O'Dell 234-4879 117 SE 52nd Avenue Portland , Oregon 97215 LUNCHEONS Leo F. Simon 236-0549 7006 SE 21st Avenue Portland, Oregon 97202 LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Laurette W. Kenney 775-5697 4125 SE Gladstone Street Portland, Oregon 97202 MEMBERSHIP Ruth A. Goldson 244-2600 1351 SW Hume Street Portland, Oregon 97219 PROPERTIES Karl R. Bock 244-5194 9315 SW 37th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97219

PUBLICATIONS Lloyd A. Wilcox 636-6594 16650 SW Lake Forest Blvd. Lake Grove, Oregon 97034 PUBLICITY Arthur Hansen 236-5009 7326 SE 21st Avenue Portland, Oregon 97202 TELEPHONE L. Ellen Fahrlon 244-2778 9229 SW Capital Highway Portland, Oregon 97219 TRANSPORTATION Donald R. Campbell 238-1057 4115 SE Morrison #2 Portland, Oregon 97214 PAST PRESIDENTS' PANEL Clair F. Stahl 281-2220 3235 NE 61s~ Avenue Portland , Oregon 97213

..

ACTIVITIES LECTURES: Lecture meetings on subjects related to the Earth Sciences are held at 8 p. m., in Room 53, Cramer Hall , Portland State University at SW Broadway at Mill, on the second and fourth Fridays of the months. (Except July and August) FIELD TRIPS : Usually one field trip per month is scheduled via private car, in caravan or chartered bus. An occasional two-day trip with overnight camping i~ planned. EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR : Browsing t ime in the GSOC library, Room S7 at 7 p .m., with the scheduled seminar In Room S17 at 8 p.m'., on the third Tuesday of each month. (Except July and August) WORKSHOPS: Small groups are organized for intensive study of a specific subject by participating members. LUNCHEONS: Informal. Show and tell of earth science specimens. A local authority is programmed to give a talk - usually with films, Guests are welcome. Every Thursday noon in the Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA. ANNUAL EVENTS : The President's Campout - Summer. Picn1c in Crater at Mt. Tabor Park - August. Year-end Banquet - March . PUBLICATIONS : Trip Logs and price lists are obtainable from the chairman. NEWSLETTER: The official journal of the Society is The Geologlcal Newsletter. The editor is elected by the membership.

•

THE 6EOL.D GICAL NEWSLETTER JANUARY 1976

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935

CONTENTS

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES LECTURES twice monthly , second and fourth Fridays at 8 p.m., In Room 53 Cramer Hall, Portland State Univ.

2

OIL UNDER THE NORTH SEA By Vernon C. Newton Jr.

3

DRY FALLS WITH WALT HALL Lecture report by Charlene Holzwarth

3

EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR By C. T. L. Murphy

4

REPORT OF NOMINATION COMMITTEE By Dorothy R. Waiste, secretary

4

LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS By William M. Freer

4

WILCOXES' PEOPLE COLUMN By Lloyd and Reba

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETIER EDITORIAL STAFF Editor 282-3685 Viola L. Oberson 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland. Oregon 972 12 AESE member Association of Ea rth Science Editors Assistant Editor Phyllis G. Bonebrake 289-8597 4109 N. Winchell Street Portland. Oregon 97203 Business Manager 282-4879 Shirley O'Dell 11 7 SE 52 nd Avenue Portland . Oregon 97215

Circulatio n Manager Arthur Hansen 7326 SE 2 1st Avenue Portland, Oregon 97202

236-5009

The G('o/11gim l Nell'sle1t1'r is designed lo announce the activi\ics o f the Society fo r the coming month: lO rcr1ort lectures. field trips. earth science se minars. workshops. and luncheons: lO give inforrnation;1boul the membership: to ad vocate guest editorials wherein the good of the Socie ty can he e lic ited: and to prese nt acco lades lo those whose achievement' a rc of merit. It serves lo inform it s readers conce rning studies in the: earth scie nce' and especially those developments that pertain to a he ller understand ing of the geologica l processes re lated to the O regon Country: name ly Oregon. Washingto n. Idaho. western Montana . and ' m nhwcstern W yom ing . It is published o nce each month and is distributed l<> ea ch membership . Suhscripl1on' arc S5.00. orde red from the Husiness Manager. Print ers:

S1a nlc~

Printing Company

VOL. 42 NO. I

9 January, Friday. LECTURE NIGHT Speaker: John F. Lawler, elementary school teacher, Portland P ublic Schools. Subject: Fossil Lake Oregon: Ancient Mammals, Birds, and Fish. 23 January, Friday. LECTURE NIGHT Speaker: Dr. Joseph J. Kohut, associate professor, Earth Science Department, PS U. Subject: .. Everything you ever wanted to know about (geology) but were afraid to ask" or couldn't find. 11 January, Sunday. FIELD TRIP Purpose: Tour of Portland Air Base Weather Station and other facilities at the base. Leader: Lawrence J. Bellarts, Lt. Col. U.S. Air Force (Retired) Locale and Time: Meet at 12:30 p.m. inside the main gate of the base ofNE55th Cornfoot Road. Directions: North from NE Columbia Blvd. on NE 47th to Cornfoot Road , hence east to the base. I Oe per person. Fee: Instructions: Please display your GSOC sign on your

car. 13 January, Tuesday. EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR. Chairpersons: Norman and Geneva Hessel. Place: GSOC Library at 7 p.m. Librarian, Shirley O'Dell. Seminar: At 8 p.m. in Room S 17 Cramer Hall Leader: Cynthia M . Drayer, geology major, PSU. Subject: Appraisal of Paleoecology From Morphology. LUNCHEONS every Thursday at noon. Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA. SW Taylor at 6th Ave.

LUNCH IS BROWN BAG ONLY. COFFEE, TEA, MILK AVAILABLE. 8 January, Speaker: Topic: 15 January, Speaker: Topic: 22 January, Speaker: Topic: 29 January, Speaker: Topic:

Thursday. LUNCHEON . R .E. (Andy) Corcoran, State Geologist. What's New in Oregon Geology. Thursday. LUNCHEON. John F. Lawler, elementary school teacher, ' Portland Public Schools. The Making of Fine American Crystal. Thursday. LUNCHEON Larry L. McGraw, City of Portland fireman, retired . Pioneer Fruits and Pioneer Nurserymen. Thursday. LUNCHEON Frank C. Petterson, managing partner, Supreme Perlite Co . The Manufacture of Perlite.

..,, .. At the near-shOie southern end of the N o~th Sea, the OIL UNDER THE NORTij SEA ..·. " .Pr
January 1976

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2

DRY FALLS WITH WALTHALL Lectu re report by C harlene Ho lzwarth O n Nove mber 14, Glenn E. Walthall, fluent speaker and biology instructor from Sunset High Schoo l brought rock sa mples, concretions, pamphlets, and many pressed flora of the Columbia Basin and the Dry Falls area. The rock labels included the names for the Crustose lichens commo n to the upper Sonora Desert. The November issue of the Pac(fic Search magazine containing 1. Harlen Bretz's scabland concept with a picture of the University of C hicago geologist was on display with the other items for the Societ y members to enjoy before Walthall presented his excellent geology and fine flower pictures selected from the 240 pictures taken on the recent GSOC Field Trip led by Don Barr to the Chan neled Scab lands of eastern Washington. The uses made by Indians of the wild flo wers growing in t he Columbia Gorge made the fl o wer pictures doubl y interesting. H is comments on the 8.5 ph water at Soap Lake near Ep hrata amused the audience. The slide scenes of petrified wood washed to the Vantage a rea by t he Great Flood were instructive. Walthall's theo ry of the original meani ng of the pictographs incl uded : I. religio us sym bolism, 2. subduing the spirit of the a nimal to allow asce ndance of powe r of the hunte r, a nd 3. directions or a message to enlig hten following hunters. While s howing the plant Lewisia. red in Wa shingto n and whi te in Oregon, he conjectured about mineral ex pression in different soils. The semi-tropical type of fossi ls deposited during an earlier age of complete ly different climate before the rise o f the Cascades were show n as he mused "fossils were put here to confuse us." His comparison of the Dry Falls to more than three Niaga ras was helpful. Then he delighted us with an imitation of Don T urner keeping the bus load of members on schedule. He showed slides of im ported weeds o f Goat's Beard and Sa lsify. useful for food. The Western Kingbird was caught with identifying flight feathers exposed . The Rock Lace Fern found in the Coulees, the marmot's hibernation pattern, the Mo untain Brush Rabbit and its 30 day gestatio n period with the possibility for ecological disaster were discussed . The th.o ught that bumble bees and darkening beetles, a lo ng with puffballs and weeds have their place in the desert to unlock the minerals in the rocks was ai red. He ended the evening's progra m with a 1925 poem by Ra lph S. Space: I wa lk within a n ancient forest where few other men have trod, I feel a part of nature and am muc h closer to my God. I bow my head a nd humbly te ll of grat itude for nature and its wond ers, fo r peace of solitude, fo r the privilege to be part of God's plan in a maxim um of nature with a minimum of man.

In

~~mnriam

GRACE POPPLETON C harter Member .J une 6, 1909 - October 14, 1975

The Geological Newsleller -

THE PRESIDE NT'S M ESSAGE With the beginning of the new year. resoluti ons are in order. A good o ne to add to your list is better attendance at the regular GSOC meetings. September, November and December were irregular d ue to holidays and permitted only one Friday evening meeting to be scheduled. It will be good to resume o ur twice a month lecture night which will be in o rder through June. We hope many more of you will mark yo ur calend ars for the 2nd and 4th Fridays for these 12 fu ture meetings. The fourth Friday in February is ou r Annua l Meeting where reports of the year a re give n and resul ts of the election anno unced. New officers will be installed a t the Annual Society Ba nquet on Marc h 12. It will be held again in Smith Memorial Center at Portland State University. Leo Simon will be continuing in his role as ticket man. Phyllis Bonebrake will serve as General Banquet Chairman. - John H. Bonebrake

·----------------------------------------· EA RTH SC IENCE SEM INA R By C. T. L. Murphy The Columbia River had a thorough going-over by the earth science group on November 18th. From its origin at Canal Flats in Brit ish Columbia to the so uth jetty terminus o n the Oregon shore, the old ~aterway suffered meanders, go rges, downwarps, and uplifts, lava flows, landslides, sluices. dams. ice jams. flood s. waterfalls, and dry falls. But it's still with us. Bill Freer, topic leader, threw in some welldocumented history of early settlements as the Astor and Hudson's Bay developments. Under moderator Norman Hessel's direction bits of discussion were advanced by Claire Stahl, Dale McKeraghan. Geneva Hessel and Hollis Orem. Librarian Sh irley O'Dell was on duty. Geneva's refreshment counter was po pular.

----------------------------------------· NEW MEMBERS WELCOMED By The Geological Society of the Oregon Cou ntry Hackett, F. Earl 0514 SW Palatine Hill Road P o rtland, Oregon 97219 H awley, John W. and Diane B. 1340 N W Je nne Portland, Oregon 97229 Hildenbrand, Paul R. and C. Joyce Route I, Box 264 Portland, Oregon 97231 Kenney, Albert R. Adelaide, South Australia

246-329 1

643-7207

62 1-3556

281-7252 Mostue, Brian and Emily C. 3134 NE 24 A ven ue Portland, O regon 972 12 HONOR ROLL Members who have this month sponsored a member. Glenn Akins, Grace Scarbrough. JANUARY T IME FOR BINDING NEWSLETTERS Please see d irections at end of Index page in Dece mber issue .

January 1976

3

NOMINATIONS FOR 1976-77 The Nominating Committee presents the following slate of candidates for the elective positions indicated for the year 1976-77. All have agreed to serve in these capacities if elected. President Opal M. Helfrich Vice President Normal A. Hessel Secretary Dorothy R. Waiste Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth Editor Margaret R. Howell Member-at-large(3 years)Lillian M . Miller In accordance with Article VIII, Section I of the Society's by-Jaws, other nominations ma y be made by members of the Society by filing with the Secretary, on or before the 25th day of January 1976, a list of such nominations which shall be signed by at least ten members of the Society. Other members who will continue on the Executive Committee are Emily L. Delano, Vincent J. Eggleston, John H. Bonebrake and Clair F. Stahl. · Ballots will be mailed to members about February I , 1976 and should be returned to the Secretary prior to the annual meeting - February 27, 1976. Dorothv R. Waiste. Secretary

-----------------· -------------------·---LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS

By William M. Freer Without any visible effort LEO SIMON wafted us back into the nostalgic past when he gave the November 13 Thursday Luncheon a superb slide show of some spectacular scenes now gone forever. These were his beautiful exposures of the Indians fishing from the rugged rock formations at Celilo Falls before the Falls were inundated by The Dalles Dam. The Indians, perched on their precarious platforms overhanging the churning swirls of the frenzied water, sometimes half lost in the spray, made one of the last dramatic action pictures of the Old West. In addition, there were views offishwheels at work, the old Dalles-Celilo Canal that circumnavigated the Falls, and some miscellaneous shots of the Lava Tube Forest out of Bend, and of picturesque Lake Chelan. What with Leo's more than perfect photography this was a most memorable program. The November 20 Luncheon had a rare archaeological experience when TOM MATHEWS, retired spectroscopist from DOG AMI, took it on a trip to the greatest of all Roman ruins at Baalbek, or, if you prefer, Heliopolis. The construction of this ancient and gigantic city in Eastern Lebanon, in tribute to Baal, the sun god, and other deities, was begun in about A.O. 60 and terminated unfinished 370 years later by Constantine the Great when the Roman Empire was Christianized and the original concept was outdated . The complex has temples of heroic proportions with columns 60 feet in height and eight feet in diameter in three sections doweled together with great iron dowels a foot square. Other 30 foot columns of red granite were impo.rted from Aswan on the Nile. One huge monolith, squared on all sides and one end but still in its limestone quarry, weighs 1,500 tons. The architectural style is Greek with Roman influence, such as arches and domes. The whole amazing concept of this site staggers the imagination. NEW SUBSCRIBER Biblioteka Akademii nauk Vladimirskaja, 62 Kiev, USSR

The Geological Newsletter -

January 1976

WILCOXES' PEOPLE COLUMN By Lloyd and Reba In the last issue of the newsletter we mentioned that copies of Hodge's Mount Multnomah and The Jurassic and Cretaceous Rudistids of Oregon by Lupher and Packard were available from University of Oregon if purchased in bulk quantities and we would gladly act as middle man to assure you copies of these works for your library. The response to our announcement was something less than overwhelming, one prepaid request fo r two copies of Mount Multnomah, with postage included, bless her heart. Assuming that this really did not indicate a lack of interest from the membership, we ordered several copies of each and they are now available to you at the drop of a coin. They seemed to go very well at the December meeting; we disposed of all that we brought along. Oh, well, whatever does not sell will be added to the boxes and boxes of copies of the Society's Trip Logs that are plugging our back bedroom to the utter confusion of the adminstrator of my estate. . DR. EARL C . and MARGERET MUCK celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary October 24. Festivities included a dinner for 37 at Holliday Inn, hosted by their children and a reception October 25 at St. John's Luthern Church, followed by a three week vacation in the islands of Hawaii. DR. MUCK is still actively practicing dentistry. We wish them continued years of happiness and comfort. AL KEEN suffered a heart attack December 5 shortly after the conclusion of a program put on by th~ KEENS for the Oregon Agate and Mineral Society. RUTH advises he is now out of intensive care and resting well. AL is presently "in residence" at Providence Hospital but hopefully will be home again before you receive your copy of the newsletter. The thoughts of all of us are with you through this Christmas Season, AL, with best wishes for a speedy recovery. KARL and BEVERLY BOCK departed the Portland area in September for a seven week tour of our great Southwest, concentrating their efforts in the deserts and the mountains. Come to think of it, where else would you go in our great Southwest? They visited abandoned mines and abandonded towns and communed with the beautiful bristlecone pines in some of the area's higher reaches although they missed the groves in the White Mountains which they are saving for a later time. A coincidence? While strolling down the main thoroughfare of Virginia City, who should they run into but DR. JOHN and MARGARET ALLEN. JOHN, you know, is at the University of Nevada in Reno this year. (See last newsletter). A large group of GSOCers recently met at the home . of WALLY and ELEANOR McCLUNG for pot-luck and then to Mt. Hood Community College where they thoroughly enjoyed a slide program depicting underwater scenes of the destruction of ships of the Japanese Navy in the harbor at Truk during World War II. The show, a frofessional production, was produced and presented by Dr. Otis Clingman, admjnistrative assistant to the Dean. ELEANOR and WALLY departed December 15 for a three week trip to the Society Island group with major emphasis on the island of Tahiti where WALLY plans to engage himself in a series of experiments to determine if grass skirts are flammable. Sounds like he intends to light a fire under someone. He better watch out or ELEANOR wit) liji;ht a fire under him! BOB WAI STE sez: Don't judge everything by appearances - the early bird may simply have been up all night. 4

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

To provide facilities and leadership for members of the Society to study geology, particularly the geology of the Oregon Country. The establishment and maintenance of a library of geological publications. The encouragement of geological study among amateurs and students. The support and promotion of geologic investigation in the Oregon Country. The designation, preservation and interpretation of importaot geologic features of the Oregon Country. The development of the mental capacities of its members in the study of geology and the promotion of better acquaintance and closer association between those engaged in the above objectives.

MEMBERSHIP QUALIFICATIONS A member shall be a person at least twenty·one years of age who is interested in and supports the aims and objectives of the Society and who has been recommended by the membership committee. Membership shall be divided into seven classes as follows: Junior Member, Member, Fellow, Honorary life Member, Sponsor, Patron, and Benefactor. A regular member shall be: (a) a single person, or (b) a husband and wife. Children under eighteen years of age are included in their parent's membership, but are not eligible to vote. A Junior member shall be a person under 21 years of age, not included in a family membership.

DUES The annual dues for members living within reasonable access distance of Portland (30 miles) shall be $10.00, and for Junior members, $5.00. For those living more than 30 miles distant from Portland dues shall be $7 .00 and $3.00 respectively.

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP The Geological Society of the Oregon Country Date _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Individual: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Family:

H u s b a n d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Children under 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __

( ) Junior: Address:

R e s i d e n c e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phone _ _ _ __ _ __ Business _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ Phone _ _ __ _ _ __

Occupation: - - -- -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - Geolo~cal

intereusand

hobbies=--------------------------~

Sponsoring member: - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Remittance of $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for dues is attached. Signature of Applicant

Make check payable and mail to THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY Attn. Secretary P.O. Box 8579 Portland, Oregon 97207

GJE OlO GKC

r KM lE c HARJ

STRATIGRAPHIC D][VI§ION§

TIME

SYSTEM OR PER IOD

Estimated ages of time boundaries in millions al years

ERA

SERIES OR EPOCH

DOMINANT lJFE AN IMALS

Hol ocene Pl eistocene

QUATERNARY

Mon

2-3 Pliocene Mioc e ne . - --------- -· O ligocene Eocene Paleocene

CENOZOIC TERTIARY

12 26 37- 38 53- 54 65

Upper (Late) Lower (Eorly)

CRETACEOUS

136

MlE§OZOilC

PLANTS

·-

Mammals, birds, bony foh, mollusks, a r thropods and insects

Dinosaurs and Fly ing and swimming re ptiles

JURAS SIC

Upper (Late) Middle (Middle ) Lower (Eo1 ly)

TRIASS IC

Upper (L;ite) Middle (Middle\ Lower I Early)

PERMIAN

Upper (Late ) Low e r (Early)

PENNSYLV AN l.Ar-l

Upper I Late ) Middle (Middle) Lower IEorly)

repti les & Amphibians

M ISS ISS IPt'IAN

Uppe1 l l ot e) Lower (Eorl y)

Crino ids and Blostoids

DfVON l -\N

Upper (late) M iddl C: (Middle ) Lower (Early)

190-195

Floweri ng trees ond shrubs

Conifers, Cycods, G inkgos and Ferns

Ammonites

225 G iant insects,

28 0

::0 .!

Primitive

c:

B ii

v

345

lPALEOZOIC

-

Sha1 ks & Lungfish

395 Uppe1 (late\ Middle i Middle'• Lower (Early)

S ILURIAN

Corals,

Sc ale trees, C o rdoites, Colomi tes, and Tree ferns Pr i mitive scal e t rees and h e e ferns Lycopods and Psi lophytes

430-440 OR D OV ICIM~

Upper (Lat e ) Middle (Middle) Lower (Early)

Brachiopods , and

500 CAMBRIAN

Upper (Late) Mi ddle (Middle) Lower (Early)

Trilobites

Algae and Fungi

570

lPRlECAMBRil AN ( Mare thar.

80"·c o f enrth ' s e s tima ted

4.5 b illion years falls within this e1 a\

Informa l subdi vis ions such as uppe1, middle, and lower; or upper and lower; or younger and older ma y be used loc all y.

3,600 ·

Beginning of primit ive plan t and a ni mal I ife

Oldest ro ck s kno w" i n Oregan Limesto nes in ce.,tro l O regon ccn roining Middle De vonian foss ils - about 370 million years old. Oldest rac h l.nawn in North America: Granitic g .. ei~ses in N'i nnesa ta - 3550 mill ion years o ld. 01-:lest fossi Is kr'own in the wor Id: Algal stomata I ites in southern Rhodesia - 2. 7 bi I lion years old . Oldest rocks known in the world: Australia, Finland, South Africa, and North Amedeo hove racks abo ut 3.5 bi llion years o ld. Age of the ear th : about 4. 5 bill ion years old. Adapted from U.S . Geological Survey and other so<.1rces. Ages of oldest rocks and fossils from T. W . Stern, U.S.G.S. Isotope Brancf., March 1970.

State of Oregon Deportment of Geology and M ineral Industries 1069 State Office Bui lding , Portland, Oreg. 97201

eeiEDLDGICAL

NEWSLETTER

ffB ..

1976

Non-Profit Org.

U. S. POSTAGE: PAID Portland, Oregon

Permit No. 999 Address Correction Requested - Return Postage Guaranteed

State of Oregotl (2 of 2) Dept. of Geology & ~iner a l Indust . 1069 State Office 5ldg. Po~tlnnd , Ore . 97201

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE DRE&DN COUNTRY P. 0. BOX 8579

\

PORTLAND. OREGON

17207

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1975-1976 ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COM MITTEE PRESIDENT John H . Bonebrake 289-8597 4109 N. Winchell Street Portland , Oregon 97203 VICE PRESIDENT - LECTURES Opal M. Helfrich 253-7446 251 NE 133rd Avenue Portland , Oregon 97230 SECRETARY Dorothy R. Waiste 235-4320 133 SE 27th Avenue Portland , Oregon 97214 TREASURER Milbert M. Holzwarth 284-3444 2524 NE 34th Avenue Portland , Oregon 97212

DIRECTORS: MEMBERS-AT-LARGE Vincent J. Eggleston 253-6741 10030 NE Skidmore Street Portland, Oregon 97220 (3 years)

Emily L. Delano 236-2139 (Bus.) 1536 SE 11th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 (2 years) Robert Waiste 235-4320 133 SE 27th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 (1 year) IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENTS Clair F. Stahl 281-2220 George E. Malin Sr. 665-1051

ACTIVITIES CHAIRPERSONS

..

BOOK PURCHASING Louis E. Oberson 282-3685 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland, Oregon 97212 EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR Norman A. Hessel 236-7860 1665 SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 FIELD TRIPS Donald G. Turner 246-3192 4350 SW Altadena Avenue Portland , Oregon 97201 HISTORIAN Viola L. Oberson 282-3685 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland, Oregon 97212 HOSPITALITY Effie M. Hall 246-2446 4707 SW Evans Street Portland, Oregon 97219

LIBRARIAN Shirley M. O'Dell 234-4879 117 SE 52nd Avenue Portland, Oregon 97215 LUNCHEONS Leo F. Simon 236-0549 7006 SE 21st Avenue. Portland, Oregon 97202 LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Laurette W . Kenney 775-5697 4125 SE Gladstone Street Portland , Oregon 97202 MEMBERSHIP Ruth A. Goldson 244-2600 1351 SW Hume Street Portland, Oregon 97219 PROPERTIES Karl R. Bock 244-5194 9315 SW 37th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97219

PUBLICATIONS Lloyd A. Wilcox 636-6594 16650 SW Lake Forest Blvd . Lake Grove, Oregon 97034 PUBLICITY Arthur Hansen 236-5009 7326 SE 21st Avenue Portland, Oregon 97202 TELEPHONE L. Ellen Fahrion 244-2778 9229 SW Capital Highway Portland, Oregon 97219 TRANSPORTATION Donald R. Campbell 238-1057 4115 SE Morrison #2 Portland, Oregon 97214 PAST PRESIDENTS' PANEL Clair F. Stahl 281-2220 3235 NE 61st Avenue Portland, Oregon 97213

ACTIVITIES LECTURES: Lecture meetings on subjects related to the Earth Sciences are held at 8 p.m., in Room 53, Cramer Hall, Portland State University at SW Broadway at Mill , on the second and fourth Fridays of the months. (Except July and August) FIELD TRIPS: Usually one field trip per month is scheduled via private car, in caravan or chartered bus. An occasional two-day trip with overnight camping is planned. EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR: Browsing time in the GSOC library, Room S7 at 7 p.m., with the scheduled seminar in Room S17 at 8 p.m. , on the third Tuesday of each month. (Except July and August) WORKSHOPS : Small groups are organized for intensive study of a specific subject by participating members. LUNCHEONS: Informal. Show and tell of earth science specimens. A local authority is programmed to give a talk - usually with films .. Guests are welcome. Every Thursday noon In the Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA. ANNUAL EVENTS: The President's Campout - Summer. Picn·ic in Crater at Mt. Tabor Park - August. Year-end Banquet - March. PUBLICATIONS: Trip Logs and price lists are obtainable from the chairman. NEWSLETTER: The official journal of the Society is The Geological Newsletter. The editor is elected by the membership.

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THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER FEBRUA RY 1976

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THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935

CONTENTS COLU MBI A R l VE R BASALTS: I NTERESTING PLACES TO VISIT By Dr. Aaron C. Waters HAVASU CANYON By Fran k Boersma M . D. O R EGON STATE GEOLOGIST TO BE BANQUET SPEAKER By Phyllis G . Bonebrake YOUR PET ROCK HAS A PAST By Geo rge A. Deeferd orfer M ICRO- C RYSTALS AND M INERAL SPECIES VIEWED Repo rt by Geneva Hessel THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE By J o hn H. Bo nebrake A LETTER FROM THE ED ITOR AND SOME FROM ACROSS H ER DES K By Viola L. Oberso n L UNC HEON H IG H LIG HTS By William M. Freer W ILCOXES' PEOP LE COLUMN By Lloyd a nd Reba

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER EDITORIAL STAFF Ed itor Viola L. Oberso n 282-3685 3569 E Stanton St reet Po rtland. Oregon 97212 AES E member A ssociation of Earth Science Editors Assistant Ed it or 289-8597 P hyll is G. Bonebrake 4 109 N. W inchell Street Po rtland. Orego n 97203 Busi ness Ma nage r Shirley O'Dell 282-4879 11 7 SE 52nd Avenue Portland . Oregon 972 15

Circula tion Manager Arthur Hansen 7326 SE 2 1st Aven ue Portland. Oregon 97202

236-5009

The Geoloxical Nt'1nle11er is designed to a nnounce the activiti e~ of the Society for the comi ng month: to report lecture,. rield t rips. earth science seminars. workshops. and luncheons: to give information ahout the members hip: to advocate guest editorials wherein the good o f the Society ca n be elicited: and to prese nt acco lades to thn'c whose achievement' a rc ol merit. It serve' lO inform it> reade~ concerning >tudies in the earth science' and especia lly thm.e deve lopment s tha t pertain to a hcu er unde rstanding of the geo log ica l pro ccs'c~ re lated 10 t he Oregon Country: na mely Oregon. Washington. Ida ho. wci.tcrn Montana. and southwestern Wyoming. It i' published once each month and is d ist ributed to each mem bcr;hip. Subscriptions arc $5.00 . ordered from the Busi ncs> Manager. P rinte r>:

Stanley P ri nt ing Company

VOL. 42 NO. 2

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES LECTURES twice monthly, second and fourth Fridays at 8 p.m. , in Room 53 Cramer Hall, Portland State Univ.

13 February, F riday. LECTUR E NIGHT. Speaker: Leona rd H. Delano, owner, Delano Photographies. Subject: G.S.O.C. Outreac h: Land for m· Provinces of O regon. Program presented by Past President's Panel. 27 February, Friday. LECTURE NIGHT. Annual Business Meeting o f G .S.O.C. Program:Color F il m: Evidence For the Ice Age. 17 February, Tuesday. EARTH SCIENCE SEMI NA R. Chairpersons: Norman and Geneva Hessel. Place: G.S .O.C. Libra ry at 7 p.m . Librarian: Shirley O'Dell Seminar: 8 p.m. in Room S 17 Cramer Hal l. Program: Old slides of India n sa lmo n fi shing at Celilo Falls by Leo Simon. If you have any slides of pre-dam co nstructio n o n the Colum bia Rive r, please bring them to show. 21 February, Saturday. FIELD TRIP. Destination: Crown Ze llerback Mill at West Linn, Oregon · Leaders: As a rranged by William Jianotti, General Manager. Time a nd Place: Meet at the West Linn Inn by 1:30 p.m . Fee: Each person IOcr. Instructi ons: Go to the West Linn Inn just across the old bridge from Oregon City. The West Linn Inn is o pen for meals o nly. We shall do some walking outside, so wea r boots. LUNCHEON S every Thursday at noon. Mountain Room , Downtown YMCA. SW Taylor at 6th Ave.

LUNCH IS BROWN BAG ONLY. SNACKS AN D DRIN KS AVAILABLE. 5 February, Thursday. LUNCHEON. Speaker: Michael H. Carey, Guide a nd public school teacher, Beave rton School District. T o pic: The Snake River By Boat. 12 Februa ry, Thursday. LUNCHEON. Speaker: John F. Mihelcic, minera logist. Topic: Geology and Minerals of Michigan. 19 Februa ry, Thursday. LUNCHEON . Speaker: Hugh Owen, social service worker, Model Cities. Topic: London During the Blitz 26 Februar y, Thursday. LUNCHEON. Speaker: Irma J . Greise( teacher a nd aut hor of In vestigating Our Eco System. Topic: Arc:haeology of Classica l Greece. LOOKING AHEAD 12 March, Friday. 41st ANNUAL BANQ UET,5:30p.m. S m ith Memorial Ballroom, Portland S tate University.

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COLUMBIA RIVER BASALTS: INTERESTING PLACES TO VISIT By Aaron C. Waters, Professor Emeritus, Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California The purpose of this report is to suggest a number of localities where interested observers can see some of th~ spectacular, but yet typical features of the Columbia River Basalts. Before we begin, a brief summary of the history of geologic field work on these rocks may serve as an introduction. Much information about the Columbia River Basalts had been acquired before the beginning of this Century. Early reconnaissances by J.C. Russell established that lava flows of basaltic composition cover enormous areas of the Pacific Northwest. He gave them the name Columbia Lavas, and called attention to the "remarkable exposures", typical of these lavas, which are found in the canyon of Yakima River, and in Moses Coulee and Grand Coulee of Douglas County, Washington Territory. He went on in subsequent years to reconnoiter the "plains" of eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, extensive areas in central and eastern Oregon, and the "plains of the Snake River" in southern Idaho. He extended his term Columbia Lavas (and Columbia Basalts) to the rocks of these adjacent areas . Included w~re not only the widespread basalts, ranging feom Eocene to Quaternary in age, but also lavas ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite, plus vast areas of volcanic ashes, tuffs, and breccias. G.O. Smith, Frank Calkins, and J.C. Merriam were among early geologic pioneers who felt that Russell's term, Columbia Lavas, was far too inclusive-not only in geography, but also in rock type and age. Smith and Calkins met this problem by rejecting Russell's term, and redefining the basalt of Yakima canyon (between Yakima and Ellensburg) as the Yakima Basalt. Merriam was working chiefly on the fossiliferous beds of the John Day basin of north-central Oregon. In a report published the same year (1903) as Smith's, Merriam retained the name Columbia River Basalt for the basalts he studied, but he excluded the tuffs, rhyolites, and andesites of the John Day basin, and also· stated that the name Columbia should be applied only to those basalts which are "most widespread along Columbia River." The best exposed section of basalts in Merriam's area was at Picture Gorge on the south fork of the John Day river. Here 14 flows of basalt are exposed between the older John Day Formation with its rich fauna of vertebrate fossils, and the plantrich Mascall Formation above. Over 50 years later I was able to show that the basalts Meriam wrote about do not occur along the Columbia River, differ somewhat in chemistry and mi-neralogy from Smith's Yakima Basalt, and are also somewhat older than the Yakima. I renamed Merriam's basalts, proposing the term Picture Gorge Basalt. The U.S. Geological Survey raised the term Columbia River Basalt to group status, with the Yakima and Picture Gorge basalts as separate units within it. Additional subdivision soon followed , and many, many more units are in the making. The slightly more alkalic basalts of the deep canyons in northeastern Oregon and adjacent Idaho are now called the lmnaha Basalts. Goles showed that trace elements can be used to 6

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separate the 14 flows of basalt at Picture Gorge into two (as yet unnamed) divisions. Meanwhile Mackin and his students had demonstrated that the basalt along the Columbia River near Vantage, 30 air miles east of Yak- · · ima Canyon, could be subdivided and their flow-by-flow stratigraphy mapped in detail by such physical features as jointing, presence of phenocrysts, or color of weathering. In 1961 Mackin gave formal names to some of the individual flows, among them the widespread Roza and Frenchman Springs flows. His methods were applied successfully by many other workers, but correlations between different areas were often in doubt because the physical difference within a single flow are not always consistent when that flow is traced laterally. In 1970-71, at the beginning of the upsurge in the use of portable X-ray fluoresence , M.J. Grolier took a vehicle equipped for such work to the Columbia River plateaus and obtained over 300 analyses of Columbia River basalts. Wright, Grolier and Swanson then developed a three fold division of the Yakima Basalt - Lower, Middle and Upper, and placed some of the older named flows as well as their newly described Ice Habor flows into these subdivisions. At present it is quite clear that by modern chemical and petrographic methods, coupled with careful field stratigraphy, it is quite possible to correlate individual basalt flows, or closely related sequences of flows, over wide areas. Such subdivision is both desirable and necessary to meet the many economic, industrial, and social problems that investigators must solve in the search for underground water or oil; in safe disposal of atomic, 'industrial, agricltural, and municipal wastes; and to monitor the safety of the huge dams, reservoirs, and hydroelectric or atomic installations in this rapidly developing part of the United States. Scientifically, too, basalts are currently of great interest because of their role in the theories of plate tectonics and sea-floor spreading, and because of their wide occurrence on the Moon. Many scientisits and engineers are presently at work on the basaltic rocks of the Columbia River area, and it will not be long until we have detailed knowledge of their distribution, flow-by-flow, and of the distinctive features of their c hemistry, mineralogy and field relations. The accompanying map, Fig. l , is a generalized and greatly simplified representation of areas underlain by the Columbia River basalts. Included without differentiation are the tripartite division of the Yakima, the Picture Gorge, and the lmnaha . Added also are patches of Miocene basalts along the Oregon Coast which Snavely and coworkers have shown to be "coeval" in chemistry, mineralogy, and probably in time with the Yakima Basalt of eastern Washington and Oregon. Do not expect basalt to be exposed at the surface throughout the entire area indicated on this map. Much of it east of the Cascade Mountains is buried under I to 50 meters of loess (wind blown silt and dust). Morever in structural downwaros ~uch as the Pasco, Umatilla, Lower Yakima , and Quincy Basins the Yakima Basalt is buried deeply beneath sedimentary fills of stream and Jake deposits (gravels, sands, silts, clays, diatomite, volcanic ash, and caliche-like marls. Younger volca nic rocks, including great areas of Pliocene-Quaternary basalts of a different composition, cover the Yakima basalts where they extend westward be-

February 1976

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· SEATTl.E I

" o

ATS

Caption, Figure I Figure I. Columbia River Basalts (after Waters, 1961; Snavely, 1973) (Columbia, Snake, Yakima, and Okanogan Rivers are shown but not labeled) ' Abbreviations Places for location · Towns C Centralia Cl Clarkston E Ellensburg N Newport P Pasco S Salem T Trinidad V Vantage Y Yakima

Volcanoes A Adams B Baker GP Glacier Peak H Hood J Jefferson N Newberry R Rainier TS Three Sisters

..

Places of interest C. gorge Columbia River Gorge db The Dalles bridge intersection de Douglas Creek h~ Hells Ca nyon 1r lmnaha River Canyon jc Joseph Creek dikes jdd Divide, Columbia-John Day moses C, Moses Coulee oa Ortley articline pc Pine Creek pf Palouse Falls pg Picture Gorge rg Rattlesnake Grade sc Snake R. Canyon (in Washington) sg Sentinel Gap sh Sand Hollow wg Wallula Gap

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February 1976

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tween Mount Adams and Mt. Hood except for great northward-facing cliffs that form the Oregon wall of the Columbia River gorge. Patchy but spectacularly cliffed erosion remnants also appear within the gorge on the Washington side. Yakima Basalt also appears beneath the younger volcanic cover of the Cascade Mountains at the bottom of the deep canyons of Bull Run River, Eagle Creek, and the west fork of Hood River. The Picture Gorge Basalt is similarly exposed in the upper part of the Clackamas River drainage. Fault block~ bring up Yakima Basalt from beneath overly'ing vo"tcanic roe.ks along the east.side of Hood River valley, a nd, south and southwest of Mt. Adams at Grayback Mountain and in an unnamed fault block ridge. West of the Cascades, in the area between Centralia, Washington and Salem, Oregon the Columbia River Basalts are mostly buried beneath younger sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Some of the largest and best exposures are in the City of Portland west of Willamette River and at nearby Oregon City. Along the Oregon Coast Snavely's basalts coeval with the Yakima are spectacularly exposed north of Newport, particularly at Yaquima Head and Depoe Bay, and again north and northeast of Tillamook Bav. The small map of Figure I cannot serve except as a very general guide to location of the specific places described below. When yo u plan to visit one of them arm yourself with the appropriate local Forest Service map, U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle map, or at least a good road map. Two kinds of features are indicated by abbreviations on Figure I: location guides (such as towns, vilJages, and major volcanic cones) are indicated by capital letters (S=Salem); features of special geologic interest are shown by lower case letters (pg= Picture G9rge). The abbreviations are listed beneath the caption of the map; also they are given in parentheses after each name in the text which follows. Important Canyon Sections: Among the most interesting and informative places to observe the physical features and continuity of the basalts are deep river canyons, and also the abandoned water courses ravaged during the ice ages by the "Spokane Floods." I will spend the most words on those made famous by the early geologic pioneers, but the ones in northeastern Oregon and adjacent parts of Idaho are in deeper and better-exposed cliffed can yons. Yakima Canyon (ye.) - Between Ellensburg (E) and Yakima(Y), the Yakima River is deeply entrenched in a canyon which cuts through three anticlinal ridges in the Yakima Basalt. The river canyon is not straight, it meanders in great sweeping curves. In the 1890s when Russell traversed the canyon on horseback it must have been a quiet ·charming place with great basalt cliffs covered with ponderosa pines and aspen. At that time the sparklingly clear Yakima River rushed through the canyon in a succession of wild rapids and quiet pools. Yakima Canyon is still charming and beautiful but there have been changes due to man. Most of the river has been captured for irrigation, and now flows in huge concrete canals which in places disappear into tunnels through the ridges. The echo of rumbling Union Pacific trains bounce off the cliffed walls, and a steady line of trucks loaded with produce negotiates the sharp meander bends.along Highway 821. 8

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The new Interstate 82 Highway was rerouted to bypass the entire canyon. It parallels the old route on a straighter and shorter course by climbing over the tops of the anticlinal ridges. However, many truck drivers-espeically those with overloaded trailers a.nd underpowered engines-still prefe r the longer "water level" route through the meandering canyon. Anyone interested in geology should leave Interstate 82 at the interchange where " Old Highway 99", now renumbered as 821, forks from the highway about seven miles north of Yakima. A short distance north of the intersection the old highway drops steeply into a deep roadcut that leads d own the steep canyon wall of Selah Creek. The type locality of the Ponoma Flow is this roadcut. The Ponoma is ch(lracterized by reversed remnant magnetisim and by definitive chemical and mineralogic features. Note that in this roadcut it has unusual jointing into huge long columns, each of which subdivides upward near the top of the flow into a plexus of small columns tangled together like the snakes on Medusa's head. This jointing is atypical, at most localities the Ponoma has slab-like vertica l joints. Continuing north the highway soon enters Roza Gap, a narrow canyon which the river has sawed through an anticlinal ridge. Here the right (northbound) lanes of the highway enter a tunnel. At the south end of this tunnel is the type locality of the Roza Flow, and also an excellent exposure of the next lower Frenchman Springs flow. The Roza shows large basal columns, strong bands of platy jointing, and orange-red weathering surfaces. This 100foot thick flow slants uphill (north) from the ·roof of the tunnel. Below it is l 0 to J5 feet of diatomite, silt and clay which overlies the Frenchman Springs Flow. Mackin designated the Frenchman Springs cataract alcove on the west side of Qunicy Basin, 30 miles to the east in the Vantage (v) area as the type locality for the Frenchman Springs flow. This alcove is also an outstanding place to visit and study the Roza Flow. On emerging from this tunnel the roadcuts are mostly in an old partly cemented talus. Across the river is a bold basalt cliff o n which you can pick out a flow contact well beneath the base. of the Frenchman Springs Flow along which stumps of petrified wood project from a weathered top of the lower flow. Petrified wood is widespread at this stratigraphic horizon throughout this part of central Washington.• Continuing northward note the arch-like cross section of the Uptanum anticlinal ridge on the east wall of the canyon. Mt. Baldy is at its crest. Note also that the jointing of some of the flow is jumbled and broken in the axis of the anticline. The north side of the ridge is a tilted pediment that cuts across the higher flows at an angle, showing that the U ptanum fold grew in at least two stages, with a period of halt between that was sufficient to wear away much of the top of the growing fold. Near the Ellensburg end of the canyon the flows of the Manastash are strongly deformed and locally faulted. Interbeds of clay and silt are locally crumpled as if they were putty. A return trip to Yakima along Interstate 82 will show many additional interesting features in the deep roadcuts that were necessary to get over the crests of the anticlines. Grand Coulee - During the Ice Age glaciers advanced down the Okanogan Trough and blocked the Columbia

Feb;uary 1976

River. The glacier-diverted stream poured over the south wall of its canyon near the site of the man-made Grand Coulee Dam, and cut a wide, nearly vertical walled canyon through the Yakima Basalt. This canyon was further scoured and widened by the Spokane Floods, released when the ice blocking the outlet of glacial Lake Missoula gave way and spilled an estimated 300 to 500 cubic miles of water across the plateau in each flood. At least two such floods occurred in late Glacial Time (l 2,000 to 18,000 years ago), and very likely there were many other such floods during earlier glacial advances. Grand Coulee, one product of these glacial drainage changes, is 50 miles long. It has two parts: Upper Grand Coulee, which extends from the Columbia River Canyon near Grand Coulee Dam to Dry Falls, and Lower Grand Coulee, which starts at the Dry Falls plunge pool alcove and ends about mile north of Soap Lake. The lower coulee was cut by a retreating waterfall which started where the diverted Columbia River tumbled over the side of a moncline near Soap Lake. After retreating 17 miles upstream and leaving a canyon in places over 800 feet deep in its wake, this waterfall was left high and dry when the Columbia finally returned permanently to its old canyon around "The Big Bend" at the end of the period of glaciation. Standing at the platform at Dry Falls State Park and looking at the barren basalt cliff, 350 feet high and 2Yi miles wide, and the quiet pool of water that fills the former plunge pool, it is alomost impossible to appreciate the immensity of the waterfall which 'tumbled over this cliff. During the Spokane Floods it must have bypassed more water than a hundred present Columbia Rivers, and thundered with the roar of 10,000 Niagras. Only by studying the exhibits in the Dry Falls Park Museum, and then walking over the whole area on foot, or better yet circling around it for several minutes in a lowflying airplane can one change the first feeling of disbelief to overpowering awe. Upper Grand Coulee is wider but not as deep. It, too, was probably cut by a cataract that retreated clear through to the Columbia Canyon. Today its floor is covered by a man-made lake, the "Equalizing Reservoir" for the water pumped from behind Grand Coulee Dam before it enters the huge irrigation canals that will lead it to the fields of central and southern Washington. The walls of Grand Coulee afford superb exposures for the study of the Yakima Basalt. You will enjoy a trip through Grand Coulee, and a tour of Grand Coulee Dam is also a rewarding experience. Picture Gorge (pg) - The type locality of the Picture Gorge basalt is a narrow canyon slot on the south fork of the John Day River in eastern Oregon. Its west (downstream) end is at the intersection of highways U.S. 26 and State Road 19, 31 miles east of Mitchell, 38 miles west of John Day, and (by State 19) nineteen miles south of Kimberly. Fourteen eastward dipping flows are almost continuously exposed in the roadcuts through this gorge. The basalt flow, in a roadcut on Highway 19 right at the intersection, rests on John Day Formation tuffs. Across the road, where Highway 26 turns east into the gorge, is a thin interbed, and then 13 more flows of Picture Gorge basalt, which are all but one exposed from top to bottom as they slant downward across the roadcut. At its east (upstream) end the gorge opens into an amphitheater-like basin in

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which the younger Mascall and Rattlesnake Formations are well exposed. At the west (downstream) end of the gorge the John Day Formation beneath the basalt is completely and spectacularly visible at Sheep Rock, and a little farther downstream the Clarno Formation and patches of Cretaceous conglomerate appear along the stream bed. Because of so many fossiliferous or otherwise interesting formations within this small area the region immediately around Picture (Jorge has become a showplace in Oregon geology. Most of it is incorporated in the new John Day National monument. All of these , formations were studied by Merriam, and described in his/ classic 1901 report, and they have been investigated by scores of geologists since. Nor have the lowly non-fossiliferous basalts lacked attention. If you walk through Picture Gorge, you will find many small and short (4 to 6 inch) holes drilled hroizontally into every flow taken for palemagnetic studies. Most, but not all, were carried away by oil geologists during a vigorous but unsuccessful search for petroleum in 'eastern Oregon during the 1950s. Morever every flow at waist height above the road is scarred by hammer marks, and the ground below littered with chips where scores of geologists - professional, amateur, and student -have broken out specimens to take home. Probably no other I-mile road in Oregon shows evidence of so much " geological pollution." Indian pictographs, which gave the gorge its name, occur along the stream bed but are hard to find. Many other localities in central Oregon afford excellent opportunities to investigate the Picture Gorge basalts. Among them are: I. the cliffs of Sutton Mountain, 2. Roadcuts on State 19 between Spray and Service Creek, 3. U.S. 95 north of Mount Vernon, 4. a county road south from Dayville to its intersection with the Suplee road, and 5. (the one I like best of all) a ragged, narrow little gorge on the North Fork of the Crooked River. It can be traversed only by walking, starting either at its upstream end where the Ochoco Forest summit road crosses the North Fork east of Big Summit Prairie, or from Tetherow's Ranch, reached by a dirt farm road off the point where the paved road between Post and Paulina crosses the North Fork. (Note aside: 20 years ago the fishing was great!) The Monument Dike Swarm: T he source of the Picture Gorge basalts from the swarm of dikes that can best be seen along the paved road that connects Kimberly and Monument, and along the channel of the north fork of the John Day River which parallels this road between the two towns. Kimberly is located on State Road 19, nineteen miles north of Picture Gorge, and Monument is located 11 miles east of Kimberly. At least 50 dikes are present along this stretch; all examined are of Picture Gorge type. Thayer has traced this dike swarm 30 miles southeast into the Aldrich Mountains area. Very likely they extend as far to the northwest, but all chance to trace them in this direction is lost a few miles from the Kimberly-Monument line because the Picture Gorge flows (and dikes) disappear beneath a thin cove~ of the upper members of the Yakima basalt. The known extent of the dike swarm is shown schematically in Fig. I. Canyon Sections of Northern Oregon: In northeastern Oregon and adjacent parts of western Idaho and northeastern Washington are numerous deep canyons (2 to 6

February 1976

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thousand feet). Here are the thickest and best exposed The Grangeville Plateau which borders the Snake and Salmon Rivers in Idaho has many places where thick secsections of the Yakima and underlying lmnaha basalts. tions of basalt are well exposed. One that is easily reached Basalt dikes also abound in this area. is the Whitebird Grade, on U.S. 95 between Grangeville The lmnaha River canyon, which gave the lmnaha Baand Whitebird. The Rock Creek Flow, an extremely thick salts their name, is easily reached by turning off Inter(up to 400 feet or more) flow with definitive physical and state 80 at La Grande, onto State Road 82 to Enterprise. chemical features, which have recently been made clear In recent years a road has been paved eastward from Enby Hooper, appears in this section. It is also found in terprise, via Joseph and down Little Sheep Creek to the Imnaha Canyon adjacent to the "window" of older rocks hamlet of lmnaha on lmnaha River. One to two miles mentioned above. Indeed, it is a good stratigraphic markdownstream from Imnaha one can pick a site on either er traceable over wide areas of northeast Oregon and side of the canyon where it is possible to climb the canyon Idaho. wall over a thickness of 3,000 feet of basalt with nearly Still another easily sampled thick section is along roadcontinuous exposures. The lmnaha Basalt occupies the cuts along Rattlesnake Creek Grade on State Road 129 in lower ~ of this canyon section; its flow dip two to five desoutheast Washington. This paved road between Clarkgrees north. Flows of Yakima basalt overlap this tilted ston, Washington and Enterprise, Idaho descends to the surface from the north; they are nearly horizontal. The Grande Ronde River a few miles north of the Oregon contact between Imnaha and Yakima, although subtle boundary. 32 flows totaling over 1500 feet of section are and not easily recognized when you stand near it, is easily exposed in the roadcuts. Nearly all flows are Yakima picked out on these steep canyon walls from a distance basalt, and they are thin; many are only 20 to 30 feet thick. because the older and somewhat altered Imnaha basalts The Chief Joseph dike swarm runs through this area and are nearly impermeable, whereas the welljointed Yakima its axis is only a few miles east. Thin flows tend to be more basalts above transmit water-readily. Therefore the contact is marked by a line of small springs. Even when the common near the ve nts. water from many springs dries up 'in the late summer The Chief Joseph Dike Swarm: This part of southeastmonths splotches of caliche from the evaporating water ern Washington and northeastern Oregon also contains mark the contact, and so does a line of vigorously growthe best exposures that I have seen of Chief Joseph dike swarm. Hundreds of dikes, compatible in composition ing brush. If you drive northward through the canyon on a rough with the Imnaha or with the Yakima basalts, trend mostly and rocky but graded road you wiJl find metamorphic close to NNW. Taubeneck, who has done the most imrocks beneath the base of the Imnaha Basalt. When Important work on these dikes, estimates that there are more naha volcanism began, the flows spread over a rough , than 2,000 dikes in the swarm. They are found within an landscape carved into Mesozoic greenstones, schists, and area that stretches from Huntington, Oregon into eastmarbles. A mountain peak of this old landmass projects central Washington, a distance of about 25 miles. as a "window" through the surrounding basalts on the One can see an occasional dike along many of the bottom of Imnaha canyon some distance upstream bepaved roads, for example near the base of the Rattlesnake fore you reach the deeper part of the canyon where metagrade on Washington 129, and along Little Sheep Creek on the road between Imnaha and Enterprise. A much morphic rocks are continuous. After reaching the mouth of Imnaha River you can higher concentration of dikes, however, is generally drive upstream to Dug Bar and get views into the Hells found along the center of the swarm. In northeastern Canyon (he) part of Snake River farther upstream. On Oregon and adjoining Washington within the deep canyour return take the road to the southeast at Imnaha yons of Joseph Creek and of Grande Ronde River in an (hamlet), and after a short drive (but a steep climb) you area only 10 miles wide at least 50 dikes, and maybe over reach Hat Point, elevation 6,982 feet. Here is a superb 100 can be seen. The problem in counting is that the same view into the middle part of Hells Canyon. The basalt dike is likely to be counted twice if it is seen on both walls cover above the metamorphic rocks is only I00 to 300 of a canyon, and even four times if it extends across two feet thick near Hat Point. adjacent canyons. If you wish to visit this concentration Another very thick section of the Yakima and lmnaha of dikes park your car on Oregon State Highway 3 at a basalts, probably the tliickest anywhere in Oregon, is in point between 27 and 30 miles north of Enterprise. Pick a the headwaters of the Minam River. This river drains the spot where the road runs right on the edge of the plateau, northwest slope of the high Wallowa Mountains Fault and Joseph Creek canyon drops off abruptly to the east. Block. The area is in rugged mountains southwest of EnDescend to the bottom of Joseph canyon and follow the terprise, and can only be visited by hiking. You will be creek northeast (downstream) to where it joins the wise to get directions and time estimates from Professor Grande Ronde, then work upstream along the Grande William Taubeneck of Oregon State University, who has Ronde until you get back to the paved highway (which is spent many years studying the rocks of the Wallowa now State Road 129 because you are in Washington. It is Mountains. a long but not particularly ardous hike through interestAnother thick section is on the west wall of Snake ing canyons, and you will see dikes that can be traced conRiver, near the mouth of Pine Creek (pc). It can be aptinuously up the canyon walls over distances of more than proached on roads that converge toward Ox Bow dam on 2,000 feet vertically. Snake river from Halfway, Oregon on the west, or from Columbia River Gorge: Thus far I have not mentioned Cambridge, Idaho on the east. The steep basalt wall of perhaps the most interesting and certainly the most beauthe Snake Canyon extends for a few miles downstream tiful of the areas in which to study and visit exposures of from the mouth of Pine Creek. Pick the spot where you the Yakima Basalt - the Columbia River Gorge through wish to climb. ' the Cascade Mountains between Troutdale and The 10 The Geological Newsletter - February 1976

Dalles. One reason is that l have described elsewhere (Bulletin 77, State of Oregon, Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, p. 133-162) and in far more detail than is possible here, the two most complete stratigraphic sections: Multnomah Falls and Multnomah Creek canyon a bove the falls up to Troutdale gravels; and the Lyle-Ortley Anticline area, on the Washington side between Hood River and The Dalles. Two interesting examples of Yakima flows that filled former canyons are easily visited. Both are illustrated and described in Bull. 77: The one at Hamilton Mountain on p. 138, and that at Crown Point on p. 142. Perhaps the most satisfying result of a visit to the Columbia Gorge, however, is an appreciation of the beauty of this remarkable area. Get off the fast-flowing traffic along Interstate 80 and take all the little side roads, and particularly the old highway now marked as the Scenic Route. Pause at the beautiful little "dells", "gorges", and the many waterfalls (i.e. Oneonta Gorge and Bridal Veil Falls). Climb to the top along one of the numerous trails, or still better "pioneer" a new route for yourself. Pasco Basin: This ends my discussion of thick canyon sections but another kind of "section" should be pointed out and emphasized: The cores from the deep wells that have been drilled in the Pasco Basin. In the same Bull. 77 mentioned above Donald :J . Brown and R.K. Ledgerwood report on these drill cores, and a lso give a good summary of the history of scientific research on the Columbia River Basalts up to 1973. Much work is now under way on the basalts of the Pasco Basin, a nd in time the cores from wells drilled there may constitute the best "type section" to which Yakima Basalts of other areas may be correlated and compared. Pacific Coast Areas: The Miocene basalts coeval with the Yakima Basalt along the Oregon Coast, and also farther inland but west of the Cascade Mountains, have been so thoroughly described and illustrated by Snavely and coworrkers that I will only list the important references here. Their article in Bull. Geol. Soc. America, v. 84, p. 387-424, 1973, is the best reference on d istribution, chemistry and correlation problems of these rocks. If you plan to visit specific areas along the Coast, these workers have given explicit directions in the well-illustrated field trip guides published in the ORE BIN: v. 31 , No. 2 and 3, 1969, and v. 33, No. 5, 1971. The Bull. 77 mentioned a bove also contains an interesting field trip guide by N .S. Macleod and Snavely on the sills, as well as lavas, of the central part of the Oregon Coast Ranges. The most interesting and varied a rea for a field trip is at Depoe Bay and the areas north and south of Cape Foulweather. Here are lava flows, pillow lava-palagonite complexes, sills, dikes (including a ring dike), and interesting sedimentary formations in well exposed sea cliffs. Carry the ORE BIN guidebooks listed above with you. Pillow Lava - Palagonite Complexes: Many times I have been asked: "Where does one go to see evidence that basalt flows have entered water bodies?" The answer for the Columbia River plateau is "Practically everywhere around the margin of the basalt." This answer is unsatisfactory, however, because basalt glass quenched in water slowly alters to a mineraloid dlled palagonite, and this in turn breaks down to clays, zeolites. These materials then The

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News/e11er -

weather into soils. As a result natural exposures are rare; artificial excavations such as deep roadcuts are generally · needed. As the Yakima basalt flows were erupted and spread outward, many continued to flow until they were pooled against the edge of the highlands that surround the basin. This dammed the streams draining the highlands causing them to spread in shallow lakes and find new outlets around the edge of the lava. At least some of these lakes would then be overrrun and obliterated by the next flow to reach the margin of the basin. Long ago R.E. Fuller worked out the details of how a pillow lava - palagonite complex develops in such situations. Here I shall cite only a few localities which are easy to find and visit. One has already been mentioned: The town of Depoe Bay on the Oregon Coast shows excellent examples of pillow breccias along its sea wall. A little north of the end of the sea wall, besides the Arch Rock Motel, foreset bedded palagonite and pillows such as Fuller described are wet! shown in one small area. A second locality, and one of the best exposed ofany, is the deep roadcuts at the highway intersections near the south end of the bridge (db) across Columbia River just east of The Dalles, Oregon. These roadcuts show superb examples of pillow lavas, pillow breccias, and palagonite tuffs, all inclined to the west where a former Yakima flow, moving west, entered a shallow lake. Cuts in different directions give a good idea of the geometry. The deep cut in line with the bridge also shows how the flow, after it had filled the lake, advanced over its own delta-like rubble and congealed just as would have on dry land . The classic outcrops that gave R. E. Fuller the basis for his interpretations a re also fairly easy to visit, but are spread out over a larger area . Drive first to the cross roads ·store at Trinidad (T), located on Washington State Route 28 between Wenatchee and Qunicy. Trindad is seven miles west of Qunicy, and about 25 miles east of Wenatchee. About one mile west of Trinidad on Route 28 a low bluff of pillow breccia and palagonite tuff parallels the road for more than one mile. Even from the road you can see the forset bedding where the flow was quenched and shattered as it entered the ancient lake, but if you leave your car and walk along the base of the bluff you will see many additional interesting and instructive features that give a good understanding of how such complexes are formed. Return to your car and drive slowly west to the mouth of Moses Coulee, watching the cliffs on the right where you will notice additional examples of pillow lavas and palagonite tuffs. Turn right on the paved road into Moses Coulee and proceed for about 15 miles to the point where Douglas Creek (de) enters the coulee from the left. On the way if you watch the walls of Moses Coulee you will see many places where pillow lavas can be visited by a short walk from the road. At Douglas Creek take the dirt road that starts up the creek, but leave it at the first rise, and descend on foot into the narrow slot of Douglas Creek. Walk up the creek bed for one or two miles. Here are perhaps the most interesting exposures of a palagonite complex to be seen on the plateau. (Note aside: If Douglas Creek is in flood, do not enter its narrow and tortuous canyon).

Fehmary 1976

II

The Spokane Floods: No report on the Columbia River Basalts is complete without a statement about the Spokane Floods. By removing the overlying loess the floods produced perhaps Y4 of the areas where the basalt is now exposed. Space does not permit either a text, or more importantly the illustrative materials that must be used to treat this topic adequately. Fortunately, however, the U.S. Geolgical Survey has recently published a beautifully illustrated booklet entitled The Channeled Scab/ands of Eastern Washington. You can buy it from the Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The stock number is 2401--02436, and it costs 65¢ - a real bargain! For Oregon readers, however. I will recommend an.additional area, completely within the State of Ore_gon, which is not mentioned in this booklet. As the Spokane Flood waters rounded Wallula Gap and raced westward down the Columbia, all of the water could not ne~otiate the narrows where John Day dam now stands. It backed up into the tributary canyons between Arlington and Quniton (Alkali, Jones, Lang, and Blalock Canyons) reversing their flow and then overtopping the divide between the Columbia and John Day Rivers. Here on this high flat Udd) between the two rivers the flood scoured the loess from the underlying basalt, and left numerous iceberg-floated erratics of granite and quartzite, some bigger than an automobile - well, at least bigger than a Volkswagon - stranded against the loess shorelines at about 1,220 feet above sea level. As the flood tumbled into John Day canyon, which soon filled with backwater from the flood, It deposited a bench of "giant ripple marked" gravel where its tractional waves dragged across the delta-like deposits that it had dumped into the ponded meltwater. Philosophy and Fantasy: It is fascinating to think back to the violent geologic history of the Pacific Northwest, to philosophize about the clear record of enormous floods of water and of molten lava that are written in the rocks, and to shudder at the possibility of such things happening today. But it is difficult to equate and understand the long geologic record in relation to the span of a human life. Swanson (1975, p. 901) tells us that the overall rate of production of the Yakima basalt is not notably different from that record in Hawaii and Iceland within historic times. But if this gives yo u a feeling of security, consider also Swanson's estimate (p. 883) that the main Roza Flow, which covered an area of at least 3,000 square miles, required only about three days to spread out from its source. The Geological Survey calculates that 500 cubic miles of water were released from glacial Lake Missoula; they estimate that the highest surge of this flood lasted only two to three days, and that the flood waters declined to normal stream flow within a month. Surely both of these events were enormous disasters to the living things of their time. A happier feeling of security comes, however, from realization that the Yakima volcanism has been dead for eight million years, and that the last glacial Lake Missoula was "uncorked" more than 12,000 years ago. But what about Mount Saint Helens which had mild and insignificant eruptions in the I 840s, and what about the man-made dams (rninescule to be sure as compared with the huge glacier dams) which in recent years have changed Columbia River into a series of mill ponds? 12 The Geological Newsletter -

Selected References Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Sia:e of Oregon; Geologic field trips in northern Oregon and southern Washington. Bull. 77, 1973, p. 206 U.S. Geological Survey, The Channeled Scab/ands of Eastern Washington: Government Printing Office, 1973, p. 24 Brock, M.R. , and Grolier, M.J ., 1973, Chemical anaylseso/305 basalt samples from the Columbia River plateau, Washington. Oregon and Idaho: Open File report, p. 35 Fuller, R. E., 1931 , The aqueous chilling ofbasaltic lavas on the Columbia River plateau: Am. J our. Science, v 21, p. 281-300 Hooper, P.R .. 1974, Perrology and chemisrryofthe Rock Creek Flow, Columbia River Basalt. Idah o: Geol. Soc. America Bull, v 85, p._15-26 Mackin, J.H ., 1961 , Stratigraphic section in the Yakima Basalt and Ellensburg Formation in south-central Washington: Wash. Div. Mines and Geology, Rcpt. Inv. 19, p. 45 Merriam, J .C., 1901 , A contribution 10 the geology of the John Day basin: Calif. Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v 2, p. 269-314 Russell, l.C. , 1893, A geological reconnaissance in central Washington: U.S. Geol. Surve.y, Bull. 108, p. 108 Smith, G.O., 190 I, Geology and waterresourceso/a portion of Yakima County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey, Water Supply Paper 55, p. 63 Snavely, P.O., Macleod, N.S., and Wagner, H.C., 1973, Miocene tholeiitic basalt of coastal Oregon and Washingt on and its relation to coeval basalt of the Columbia Plateau: Gcol. Soc. America Bull., v. 84, p. 387424 Swanson, D.A., Wright, T.L. , and Hclz, R.T., 1975, Linear vent systems and estimared rate of magma production and eruption/or the Yakima Basalt of the Columbia Plateau: Am . Jour. Sci., v. 27S, p. 877-905 Taubencck, W. H.. 1970, Dikes of Columbia River Ba6lllt in northeastern Oregon, western Idaho, and southeastern Washington: Pro- · ceed. 2nd Columbia River Basalt Symposium, 1969, Eastern Washington State College Press, p. 73-96 Waters, A.C. , 1961, Stratigraphic and lithologic variations in rhe Columbia River Basalt: Am. J our. Sci .. v. 259, p. 583-611 Wright , T.L. , Grolier, M.J., and Swa nson, D.A., 1973, Chemical variation related to rhe stratigraphy of the Columbia River Basalt: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 84, p. 371 -386

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ADVANCE NOTICE FOR FIELD TRIP -

20 March, Saturday. BUS TRIP to BONNEVILLE DAM. Reason for Trip: To tour the dam, cross to North Bonneville to tour the new relocation work, and return to Portland via Washington Highway 14. Leaders: William M. Freer on the bus. Richard D. MacDo nald , Geologist with and at North Bonneville. As arranged by Ed Ashley, Project Engineer, at Bonneville. Time/ Locale: Leave Lloyd Center Parking Lot ( 17 and Multnomah) at 8:30 a.m . Instruction: at Lloyd Center park free, but at own risk. Bring lunch, camera, and field glasses. We will be outside much of the time. Cost: Bus fare $5.25 payable to D.G.Turner.

----------------------------~----------For the latest QOrtrait of John Eliot Allen see page 15, Geotimes, December 1975. ·------------------------February 1976

HAVASU CANYON By Frank Boersma M.D. Mrs. Kenney called some three months ago and put in her request to Alberta-for me to provide the program for today. My immediate reaction was, of course, "I can't do that." But my wife countered . She happens to be the kind of person who thinks I can do anything--that is, anyth ing that she puts her mind to. First I would like to ask you folks to respond to three questions by a show of hands: How many of you have been to Europe? How many of you have been to Grand Canyon? How many of you have been to Havasu Canyon? To avoid confusion let us have a common tmderstanding relative to a few points of reference and definition. Havasu City and Havasu Canyon are similar only in semantics. Geographically Havasu City is about 170 miles down stream on the Colorado River from Havasu Canyon . For the present, just forget about Havasu City--the real estate development with restored "London Bridge" of chain saw McCulloch fame . From the Indian language "Havasu" is the word meaning "bluegreen water" ; "-pai" means people--so we have the llavasupai or people of the blue-green water." Now to orient the subject into perspective : The Grand Canyon in this part of northwest Arizona i s approximately one mi le deep, ten airline miles wide from n·o rth to south rim, twelve miles rim-to-rim through the depth of the canyon, and 250 miles rim-to-rim by hearest highway. The north rim lying at higher elevation has a climate similar to Canada whereas the south rim, which we consider now, has a climate similar to Mexico . The difference of some 1,000+ feet in elevation represents the general geological tilt from north to south of the sedimentary layers in this section of the country. Havasu Canyon is but one of many canyon tributaries entering Grand Canyon from the south side. I am going to deviate. somewhat from routine and not talk "about" Havasu Canyon--! am just sort of going to let the canyon develop. I want to dispel the concept held by many people that size is a criterion of quality; that bigness implies betterness; that monumental is a requirement for beauty. Now I have been pract i cing this talk at home each day for the last two weeks. So, if you folks sitting here could just manage to look a little more like a bathroom mirror, we'll begin. The year was 1937 when the pilot of a non-scheduled United flight, at 3,000 feet above the terrain, circled and dipped the plane's wing, that I, for the first time, looked down into the depths of Havasu Canyon. There I saw dimly in the shadows of the cliffs the hogans of the Havasupai. This fabulous introduction ignited a desire to explore more intimately that endured for the next thirty years. It was in 1966 that Alberta and I hastily developed inadequate plans to explore Grand Canyon and incidentally visit the Havasupzj. in one easy week. Being at that time inexperienced ·in traversing rugged geographical and geological environments, we fotmd the concepts of our desire far exceeded our capabilities. Our arrival on the south rim revealed that our entrance to Havasu Canyon had been over-shot by some 250 miles. Such a revolting development abruptly altered our plans but alerted another possibility. Outside the south gate of Grand Canyon Park we had observed a parked helicopter offering twenty minute scenic canyon flights. Without delay we made contact with the pilot. His schedule for the next day would preclude any possibility to fulfill our desire to visit the Havasupai; our proposed flight would require at the least a generous half day; permission from the ruling Indian Chief would be required to circumvent the probability that the copter would be impounded for trespass; and other diffiThe Geological Newsle11er -

Fehruary 1976

13

cul ties compoWlded beyond belief--"come back tomorrow"! Not being readily discouraged, this we did. It was now learned that the telephone service to Supai, the Indian village in the canyon, was out of order as usual; so permission to land was not established. The pilot had obtained the services of "John"--a local pioneer rancher who was acquainted with and knew the Indians by their first names. If we would not object to his accompanying us in the four-place craft, the journey would be attempted. On the way we flew across a most inhospitable landscape and between Grand Canyon walls. Not being accustomed to flight with \Ulobstructed view at 90 miles per hour, and 500 feet above desolation, the recurrent tugs of the seat belt from rough air currents would provoke momentary anxieties concerning the consequences that a forced landing might entail . Hopefully the gasoline gauge pointer approaching the "E" was indicative of "enough." My faith in mechanical integrity and human infallibility must not falter. The magnificent scenery was ptmctuated by ThlDlder Falls, Marble Canyon Rapids, and Indian ruins. These distractions made it difficult to concentrate on the development among our party of a good "cock and· bull" story that might extricate us from difficulty should our landing at Supai in Havasu Canyon be looked upon with disfavor. The journey was successful and for about thirty minutes we explored the most remote geographical locale. This was sufficient time to fix indelibly in our minds the desire to return later to evaluate more accurately the wonders that for us lay here Wlexplored. That evening upon our return to the south rim of Grand Canyon we obtained at the book store, Havasu Canyon by Joe Wampler. Two years later, by the comfort of the home fireplace, we conjectured who "Joe" might be? The name evaded descriptive connotations but implemented nl.amerous possibilities. We now realized that in such a remote region inhabited by semi-primitive Indians, a guide familiar with conditions we might enco\Ulter could be priceless, and who would be better qualified than "Joe" who had written this booklet? A carefully drafted letter brought the long-hand but decipherable reply, "Yes, I will take you. Meet me at Peach Springs, Arizona at 7 a. m., May 5, 1968." Reconnoitering through a road atlas disclosed there a Quamatchio Motel on the Hualpai Reservation and a room rent deposit was mailed. After five months, no reply. Upon arrival the evening before the appointment we were met with the greeting, "Oh! so you're the Boersmas--we wondered what you were going to look like?" This was followed by a hurried perusal through a voluminous stack of newspapers, magazines, and occupant mail where our deposit check was retrieved. "What's the matter--wasn' t the check any good?" "Oh, it was taken to Supai to council meeting and the Indians didn't know what to do with it so brought it back." "Well, if it would help, I will buy it back for cash . " "Oh, thank you, Sir! That would certainly help us out." On Sunday, May 5, 1968 we stowed our worldly possessions into and parked the car on the 200 foot wide strip of the motel grotmds bounded between the main railroad line and highway No. 66--the transcontinental route with the highest incidence of crime. At 7 a. m., "Joe" and his party arrived and eleven of us departed for Hualpai Hilltop some 63 miles across the southwestern desert plateau in northwestern Arizona. Our conveyance was a Pontiac sedan that had been abandoned along Hwy. No . 66, salvaged and reconstituted by our driver, "Chris." Now we were crossing the Hualpai Indian Reservation to reach the Havasu Reservation. The Havasu was originally set aside in 1880. Presently it is an irregular strip of canyon bottom land extending one and one-half miles north and south of the Indian settlement of Supai, and encompasses an area of 518.6 acres. The population of the tribe approximates 200 and has at no time exceeded 300. The canyon being hemmed in by cliffs is almost semi-tropical with an average temperature of 12 degrees -Fahrenheit higher than the surro\Ulding plateau which has 14

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February 1976

a temperate climate. 1be reservation was formally established in 1882 by presidential (Chester A. Arthur) executive order rather than by treaty. 1bis was significant as treaty Indians often received subsistence allowance; the Havasupai did not. 1bey hecame wards of the government and eligihle for other benefits relating to education, health, agriculture, awards of food assistance, and relocative programs. The road terminus at Hualpai llill top spread hefore us the vista of Walaoai Canyon which was to lead us by an eight-mile decending, tortuous trail into Havasu Canyon and to the village of Supai, Arizona. Brief introduction to the Havasupai language instilled the greeting equivalent of "hello" as "tchew-komew" which would impress the natives and assure them of our peaceful mission as we would meet them on the trail. Our, pre-arranged for, native wranglers an d fatigued horses emerged from below, and carefully considered assignments match i ng animal and rider were expediciously accomplished. I was addressed by "Mack," the wrangler, "Theez· is 'Mola-Jay', your horse (he happened to be a mule) ; he sick." Thereupon the old Indian walked away. I was left to contemplate!! Do I look like a person to ride a sick mule ? Is the sick mule expected to die imder me and toss me off on this precipitous and dangerous trail? There was no alternative--reluctantly, I mount! The mule is unmoved!?! Everyone starts down the trail except me and my sick mule. I try horse talk; I try mule persuasion; but he just stands--apparently he is good and sick! Hack returns, "See, I tole you," says Mack, "I think he just dies . " I feel the mule's ear; it is still warm; there is no rigor mortis. I reply, " No, Mack, he's still living." Mack says, "Hee understan llavasupai." The mule looks at Mack. "Now tell him, ''GIDDAP!" I repeat, "giddap!",but my heart i sn't in it. "Kick him," advises ~tack. "But I can't kick a sick mule. " Mack responds, "Hee ain't sick . I get words mixed up. Hee lazy." Slowly the mule walks into the trail. We are now di.fending on the cleft of a perpendicular cliff into the canyon. As the rear guard · of the downward caravan I am the last to meet, on a most narrow section of the trail, a mounted emerging brave clad in blue denims. As we approach each other on this perilous trail, disaster appears inevitable. From my higher position of insecurity I graciously wave and utter a resounding "tchew-komew .1 1 Nothing impedes progress, and as he brushes by me he responds, "Hi, Butch." Perhaps nowhere else in this country can you find a geographical and social unit which has preserved so well the abori ginal civilization of 100 - 200 - or 500 years ago. Today the Havasu supports a tribe of approximately 200 which was American before the continent was called America. These people have survived the stone age, the bronze age, the iron age, the industrial age, and into the nuclear age--their test of true endurance, however, will be the survival of the garbAGE of the tourist of today. TI1ese people are not morons; the tribe presents no sign of idiocy, feeble-mindedness, or even backwardness amon g its people. They simply think and feel in values that are in contrast to those of the white world. There is a high incidence of diabetes mellitus which is responsible for their reduced age of survival. Those few who attain the age of 40 have an excellent prospect of living to 80 or 90. Their characteristic attitude of indifference is responsible for their mode of survival. h'hen a physician prescribes medication and leaves a vial of tablets with instructions_, "Bill, now I want you to take one of these each morning," the reply is, "Ugh." The following week on a return visit the vial remains in its original position--untouched! The Geological Newsletter -

February 1976

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Tile same philosophy encompasses their religion. Their religion is only slightly developed and occupies minor importance. Prayers are addressed to natural occurrences and spirits are the cause of illness with the exception of a few minor ailments considered to be from natural causes. Among the medicine men are those who specialize to set broken bones, treat wounds and snake bites, or study weather and bring rain. They are consulted by old and young alike. In 1948 a simple but effective type of quonset and sandstone chapel was laboriously contributed and manned by the Episcopal Diocese. Services were instituted on a regular schedule and the Indians would wander in, remain a few minutes, and wander out of the proceedings without demonstrative evidence of either receptiveness or hostility--only indifference. The small children were the captive audience but as they approached the age of 12 or 14 they, too, would assume this mode of conduct. Finally, after a year or two, each successive disciple of the gospel has departed in utter frustration. Of a succession of faiths each has been equally ineffective. This attitude is, I believe, a typical anomaly of the Havasupai contributing to the remoteness of their civilization by being difficult to reach and quite tmtouched. In spite of these traits some inroads have been made through education, the military draft, and the demands of war industries that have recruited some as these compulsions found their way down the tortuous trail inflicting upon the new mothers a resrect for modernity and slang. A native custom of the 15th century will be enacted by an adolescent girl while she reads "Life Magazine." There is nothing in the Havasupai code of 500 years ago that forbids her to look at "Life Magazines•' and see photographs of the great "electro mechanical brain." The greatest indignities resented by the natives are to be required to huy a hunting license and to attend school. Supai is a beautiful remote Oasis with its roots embedded in the soil of pure Indian culture and its flowers blooming from the stimulus of the 20th century. My mule continues to trample the dust of the light colored Kaibab limestone of the Paleozoic era deposited 225 million years before. The previously superimposed 6,000 to 7,000 feet of sedimentary rock of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic had already eroded away before our arrival, except for, in the distance, the elevations of Red Butte and Cedar Mountain. When this erosion was completed, the Colorado River began its work and was to continue for the next nine million years exposing successively Coconino sandstone, deposited by wind and of light color; then the Supae Formation made up of some limestone and shale but mostly sandstone and rich red-brown in color. It is from this formation that there emerges the water table and oasis that produces the salient feature feature of the locale we shall survey. It is this flow of 60 cubic feet per second that we will now explore in its decent toward the Colorado Gorge which has already.cut back beyond the record of identifiable life on earth. In general, the geological tilt of sedimentary stratification in this part of the states is from north to south; consequently most springs occur along the north rim walls of Grand Canyon. It so happens that in this particular area some 5,000 square miles, extending almost to Williams, Arizona, 100 miles to the southeast, a section is tilted opposite and with its drainage point in llavasu Canyon. This extensive area of hydrofiltration develops a constant flow of mineralized water containing chlorides, sulphates, and carbonates. Looking carefully at the stream, you find the water clear with a slight greenish appearance; the current is strong and the bed is gravel and rock. At about valley level small dams begin to form and picturesque irregularities consisting of circle segments or scallops with the arc downstream instead of up as man-made dams are placed. It immediately becomes evident that the building up occurs faster than the erosive forces are taking away. A successive series of small dams impede the flow creating gentle riffles and shortly the stream is flowing over a bed of its own deposition overlying the sand and gravel it has carried. The deposition factor is the result of minerals in solution, of water having passed through 16

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February 1976

limestone, sandstone. and shale. By the time it reaches the canyon it is saturated. The chemical reactions involved may be graphically described as:

C02

+

11 2co 3

H20 ------ u2co 3 +

Caco 3 ------ Call 2 (co 3) 2

(carbonic acid) (soluble acid carbonate)

which on exposure to air gives up carbon dioxide : (insoluble calcium carbonate) The precipitation of the carbonates provide the cementing substance to make the natural dams; other excess falls in a light colored deposit covering the stream bed; the spray from the waterfalls blows on canyon walls and surrotmding vegetation--this evaporates and leaves a delicate f i lm which hardens layer upon layer so you can see a plant encased in its own tomb . Such, then, is the formation of the dams of travertine--translucent walls of delicate ambers and browns that grow from fractional measurements to an estimated three feet or more in thickness and heights of several feet. always adding to at their low point. Periodic erosive forces hy flash floods provide the disintegrating power, such as last occurred in 1954, that serves to remove these accumulations and more. Then the rebuilding technique resumes. As the flow o f water progresses downstream the color intensifies, clear and a sl i ght blue-green so that soon you become aware of its beautiful delicate turquoise tint. What produces this color? In a glass i t is clear and colorless as the water from your faucet at home. but it is difficult to dispel the illus i on. No explanation has been forthcoming to encompass all the variations. It is apparently a combination of light colored precipitates, green and blue-green aquatic vegetation , and the reflection and selective absorption of light . TllE WATER FALLS : The horses and mule have served us well and immediately below the village of Supai we dismount, deposit supplies, and establish hasc camp. Our wranglers and animals depart. We are now within a narrow valley at the hase of canyon walls of red Supac San stone Formation of the Carhoni ferous Pennsylvanian period . Successively down the gorge are sev~ral minor waterfalls and rapids. Interspersed are three major falls. A major falls is one more than 75 feet in height. 1. NAVAJO Falls (140 feet. somewhat less than Niagra 190 feet). llere the apron formation of deposition is characteristic of the properties of the water. Tile limestone base covered with lacy travertine is susceptible to flood erosion and this falls is subject to frequent alteration. This falls was named honoring the tribes paramotmt Chief Navajo, who died in 1898. 2. HAVASU Falls (170 feet, a 1i ttle less than Niagra). The limestone formation here is covered by more resistant and less sandy travertine; consequently contour changes occur less frequently. This falls was described by George Wharton James. distinguished author and traveler, as "the most exquisitely beautiful waterfall in the world." The stream leaps through a notch in the trave rtine rim and falls free into the turquois pool below. This is bordered by numerous translucent brown-amber scalloped travertine walled pools of varying size and depth. 3. MOONEY Falls (200 feet, a little higher than Niagra). The general setting is on a scale of greater grandeur--the higher walls , larger and more impressive aprons of travertine, more color and pattern in the walls, more spray . The descent to the bottom of this falls is by way of two ttmnels cut through travertine and down a cliff of 80° slope. Rusty iron spikes of dubious integrity serve as hand-holds as your feet seek chipped indentations in the rock--caution was advised. Shortly before the turn of the century an ex-sailor, characterized by a 17

forceful nature, was intrigued by stories of Spanish mines and mineral wealth. He entered the canyon in 1880, foWld the Indians hospitable and was escorted to the most likely locations of treasure . Enco\Ultering difficult transit at these falls, but as a sailor being familiar with rope techniques, he lowered himself down the bluff to go below the falls. Tite rope proved too short to reach the bottom; he was not able to get back ui}; the Havasupai were not able to rescue him. After a day or two of dangling agony he fell to his death on the sharp rocks below. Since this episode , his na111e remains perpetually inunortalized as, "Mooney Falls." Tite minerals recoved from the canyon have consisted of insignificant amounts of vanadium, lead, and zinc. Tite cost of mining far exceeded the value derived and obtained under the most laborious , dangerous, and time-consuming conditions in this inaccessible surrounding. In this brief presentation I have attempted to give you a concept of the beauty of hidden wonders in a canyon. Alberta and I have similarly explored much of this country, Canada, and Mexico . We have stood on the brink of an active volcano and marveled at the magnitude of subterranean forces that had split the earth's crust as far as eye could see. Our knees have trenbled as our footing shook while incandescent and irri descent lava hurled skyward and we shielded our faces from the searing heat. We have visited the arctic tundra and glaciers and seen the Aurora Borealis and the midnight sun. We have been to the hinterlands and high-lands of Guatemala; have caravanned the veld and seen the animals of Africa; have visited the southern Alps of New Zealand and the beaches of Australia; have strolled the walkways of Lamu along the shore of the Indian Ocean which was as primitive as Zanzibar 300 years ago. But of all this kaleidoscope, HAVASU FALLS represents the Shangri-La--the crowning achievement of natural beauty. And, I believe, this explains the fixation of the natives in this valley; their reluctance to leave; and the i r inevitable return after, at most, an absence of two or three years of exposure to "civili zation." This explains why the Havasupai have resisted, by indifference, the pressures exerted by the Park Service and the United States Government to the development of access highways to their canyon home. Under these circumstances it may be a surprise to learn that the Havasupai have a constitution and by-laws. (Titis may be a surprise to many Havasupai, too!) It is this document, officially U.S. approved March 27, 1938, that puts the stamp of authority and legality on triba~ legislation. This is an example of white man's effort to clothe Indi an affairs in the dress of statecraft. If it does not work, neither does it probably do harm. The aboriginal mind will not function in terms of Colonial American Political Science. Tite Indian has a mind of his own. It may be interpreted--it is not readily converted. See the happy Havasupai, He doesn't give a damn. I wish I were a Havasupai, My God!

18

Maybe, I am.

The Geological Newsletter -

February 1976

OREGON STATE GEOLOGIST TO BE BANQUET SPEAKER R.E. (Andy) Corcoran. state geologist, will have as his subject "Early Day Mining Activities in Oregon" at the 41 st annual Society banquet which will be held Friday, March 12 in the Smith Memorial Ballroom at Portland State Universi ty. Dinner will be served at 6:30 p.m., but the exhibit room will be open fo r viewing at 5:30 p.m. Donald G. Turner will have charge of the exhibits. A new feature will be a sale table of your donated Pet Rocks and Fossils; the proceeds of the sale arc to su pplement the banquet expenses. Mark yo ur own prices and leave the rocks with Vincent Eggleston who will man the table. Leonard H. Delano will serve as Master of Ceremo nies for the evening. The General Banquet Chairperson is Phyllis Bonebrake. and ticket seller Leo Simon will be at lectures and luncheons to take your reservations. Tickets are $4.25.

----------------------------------------· MICRO-CRYSTALS AND MINERAL SPECIES VIEWED Report by Geneva Hessel When Russel F. Kenaga Jr., lectured at the Geological Society of the Oregon Country meeting o n Dec. 9, he was already known to the members who also belong to the Oregon Agate and Mineral Society. He is past president of the Micro-Mineral Study Group and extended an urgent invitation for interested persons to join this group as an aid to the collecting and studying of minerals. Kenaga is an avid student of mineralogy and is now excha nging specimens and slides with people from all over the world. Moreover, he is preparing a loose-leaf publication on every known mineral tha t will contain the name, formula , crystal system, X-ray data. as well as optical and physical data. A tremendous undertaking. There are between 2,400 and 2,500 mineral species and new ones a re being validated each month. Of this number there are 2 per cent that do not have a crystalline structure; most occur as massive minerals and o nly 20 per cent do crysta llize. Of the latter a mo unt they appear only as thumbnail size. That is .2mm to 3-4mm. No wonder one needs at least a 20X microscope to see them. Kenaga presented a slide program of his own slides and some prepared by Dr. Julius Weber and Lou Perloff. Each slide was a specimen of exquisite beauty. Many specimens were collected in Oregon. Others came from all over the world. Some specimens occur in only certain locatio ns in the world and some locations " re now depleted. T here were a few slides of gold and diamond faces taken through a Francon interference microscope which allows light to travel only in one direction. The trigons on the specimen's face resembled a modernistic painting a nd were of exquisite design. One slide in particular I would really like to ha ve hanging in my home as a painting. T he spontaneity a nd enthusiasm of the speaker made his subject especially interesti ng.

SEE YOU THERE! WHAT: 4lst Annual Society Banquet WHEN: Friday, March 12, 5:30 to 10 p.m . WHERE: Smith Memorial Ballroom, P.S.U .

The Geological News/el/er -

YOUR PET ROCK HAS A PAST By George A. Deefeldorfer Every o nce in a while a simple idea comes along at j ust the right time, and the first thing you know it has bloomed like diatoms in the sea after a heavy rain. The noon gathering of the GSOC on January 8 learned the step-by-step develo pment of an idea that started out as a wild travesty on the current Pet Rock craze. Ralph Mason, deputy state geologist with the department of Geology and Mineral Industries, told the group how Phil Brogan wrote him just before Christmas and wanted to know about Pet Rocks, and how he, Mason, happened to come up with a genealogy sheet which he sent to Phil. Brogan incorporated the J?enealogy idea into his column for THE OREGON/A N. The city desk dry gulched Phil's copy and Early Deane wrote a front page article for the Sunday edition. From this point on everything went wild . The Associated Press picked up the story and moved in nationally. Radio and TV stations began plugging the story into their news segments. During all this Mason was happily taking a few days off up in the wilds of the McKenzie River, and it wasn't until late Sunday night when he returned home and was promptly interviewed by phone by a reporter from the SA LEM STATESMAN that the impact of his whimsy became evident. Monday at the department was a s hambles. The first call arrived at 8: 15 a .m. , from a TV station in Miami, Florida, followed closely by one from Ames, Iowa. and Vancouver, B. C . The Ca nadian Broadcasting Corporation doesn't fool around ; they got Mason on the line and plugged him "live" into their regular news broadcast - a somewhat unnerving experience. Two local TV stations, Channels 2 and 8 sent camera crews up to the department during the afternoon, neatly missing the first customer (a gra ndmother) and a 4-year old girl with a rock named Deedee. T uesday dawned damp but eventfully. T he first roc k arrived by mail from Boise, Idaho. Camden, New Jersey a nd Pullman, Washington stations called; and while being interviewed by Early Deane at THE OREGONIAN. THE WALL STREET JOURNAL called a nd wanted to know what was going on. About 20 people arived with their rocks during the day - some of which never suffered the confines of an official Pet Rock box. On Wednesday the UPI reporter showed up; DesMoines, Iowa, called as did Boise and Salem. THE OREGONIAN, for lack of any other worthwhile news ran a 3 column front page story in their Tuesday evening edition and again as a 2 column front page article Wednesday morning. The first international rock arrived from Vancouver, B.C. with a customs tag identifying contents as "l Pet Rock named Merle." Mason has no idea what the furure holds. T he department has now expanded the original genealogical sheet somewhat, after discovering that most of the clients were deadly serious about their pets and really wanted the low down on what the rock was and how it got that way. The current certificate provides scientific information on the front and a somewhat humorous a nalysis o n the back. " So far everybody who has come in has gone away happy. What this count ry needs is a good la ugh for a dollar," Mason declared .

Fehruary 1976

19

THE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE My term of office as your president is about completed. The year has not tarried. In this last message I wish to express sincere thanks to our members for supporting me and to convey gratitude to the board and to those who have worked so diligently to make this year a success. One who deserves acclaim is our Editor who has served for four consecutive years and has put much into her assignment. The Geological Newsletter, a most important organ of our society has been in good hands and has improved each year in format and in contents. It is near perfection. Viola Oberson, who has also served many years as Historian, is retiring as Editor and her work affords applause. Bill Freer deserves a hearty thanks for his good work in preparing the certificates for our speakers and field trip leaders in his flawless calligraphy, and for the gracious· way he serves as luncheon host. Our efficient luncheon hostess May Dunn and assistant Lillian Miller have done commendable jobs. Leo Simon, Luncheon Chairman deserves thanks for his diligence in serving another year in this capacity. Acknowledgment goes to Publications Chairman, Lloyd Wilcox who will be responsible for our Banquet programs as well as to Telephone Chairman Ellen Fahrion and Book Purchasing Chairman, Louis Oberson. Emphasis has been given in this column throughout the year to each committee head. It is through their good works that our Society functions smoothly. We trust that those who accept responsibilities to serve in the coming year will enjoy their respective jobs. - John H. Bonebrake

·---------------------------------------A LETTER FROM THE EDITOR AND SOME FROM ACROSS HER DESK The Geological Newsletter began its circulation in 1935, and as Phil Brogan says, "Over the years, I have seen, in professional journals, articles credited to the Newsletter. In the Oregon Country, it is our only medium for the distribution of club activities, discoveries, outings, etc. Long after we have joined our ancestors, the Newsletters will be available for Ieference in libraries." And in an earlier letter, "Congratulations on the new GSOC Newsletter - it is a dandy, the best, I am sure, in the long history of our group. The format is fine, the type is very easy to read." And as Emory and Ruth Strong wrote: "Ruth and I want to express our appreciation of your efforts expended on the GSOC Bulletin. It is always interesting and informative, we look forward to the next issue and value each one highly. You show skill in assigning subjects and expertise in persuading au thors to produce. A publication cannot be successful without a hustling editor to ferret out material, awaiting volunteer submittals results in stultification." Laurette W. Kenney reported, "Viola, because of her academic background in this field and certainly her dedication, has brought this periodical to a quality where it has given the Society a healthy image not only locally but beyond the bounds of this State - an image that we should want to maintain." 20

The Geulogical Newsletter -

In a Christmas letter from Francis Gilchrist came this appraisal, "And, Viola, I want to tell you how much we appreciate your long term as editor of the Newsletter. Your energy and imagination have made a real journal of it. The G.S.O.C . has been strengthened and the geological literature of the Northwest has been enriched by your labors." Lloyd Wilcox writes, "I was sorry to learn that you are relinquishing the Editorship of the Newsletter of the Geological Society of the Oregon Country. Through your guidance the last four years of the Newsletter have been the finest in its history. It is ·gratifying to see so many articles appearing in the Newsletter have become source material for articles published in the Oregonian and other newspapers. You should take great pride in your accomplishments." No ONE person could have done what these letters acclaim and I accept such positive reactions as a symbol representative for the many fine Oregon Country and California writers who have most generously fulfilled their assignments. In some cases, amateurs have turned in stories acceptable for publication in any professional earth science journal. For highest recommendations Laurette Kenney, T ruman Murphy, William Freer, Lloyd Wilcox. and Donald Turner take the honors. Their first page information sheets or regular feature columns always beat the deadline. The supportive staff members - Phyllis Bonebrake. Dorothy Waiste, John Mihelcic, Arthur Hansen, and Shirley O'Dell - all deserve accolades for the many hours of conscientious labor donated to this successfu l reportive production . Excellence in readability and craftsmanship has been our goal and that esteem awarded us acceptance in the national Association of Earth Science Editors. We have by our stafed policy on the first page of each newsletter fulfilled the aims and objectives of the Society thereby presenting an article of scientific value in the field of the earth sciences for the education of the membership and reporting on the monthly activities of the Society. We have published within the allotted budget and gifts from generous members during each year of our editorship. . For your cooperation and many notes of expressed kmdnesses, we are appreciative. I have declined the nomination to be editor during the coming year. Other writing commitments beckon me. It is my intent, however, to be availa ble for assistance as Margaret Howell heads a committee of stalwart souls who harness themselves to the time consuming task of assigning, editing, and delivering on time 350 monthly copies of the Geolojiical News/el/er to each member and subscriber in 20 states and in Accra, Ghana; Adelaide, South Australia; Alberta, Canada; Budapest, Hungary; Kiev, U.S.S.R.; Lisse, Holland; Nova Scotia, Canada; Pesaro, Italy; Santiago, Chile; and Stilleweg, Germany. - Viola L. Oberson Editor. 1972-1976. ACCOLADES ARE EXTENDED To Marcy Hertzmark for donating her copywriting skills and time to this issue of the newsletter. To Ruth Goldson for typing the Havasu Canyon story "camera-ready." To Dr. and Mrs. Frank Boersma for their generous support. To Harry Stanley, owner of the Stanley Printing Co., for a llowing us to paste-up the newsletter on his equipment and for the numerous courtesies he has extended us in his shop. We are grateful. February 1976

•

NEW MEMBERS WELCOMED By the Geological Society of the Oregon Country Balodis, Lidija 292-9525 3225 SW 97 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97225 Corcoran, R .E. (Andy) and Jean 244-5605 9551 SW 62 Drive Portland, Oregon 97219 664-0745.. Walthall, Glenn E. and Pauline IJ905 SW Ronald Court Beaverton, Oregon 97005 281-9424 Winder, Francis (Frank) J. 4638 NE 34 Portland, Oregon 97211 HONOR ROLL Mcmhcrs who this month have sponsored a memher. Virginia Varela, Hertha McCoy

Avenue ·

FROM THE SECRETARY: Pursuant to the provisions of the hy-laws of the Society, the annual meeting of the Geological Society of the Oregon Country will be held in Room 53, Cramer Hall, Portland Stale University on February 27, 1976 al 8:00 p .m. At this meeting results of the election of officers for the ensuing yea r will be announced, reports of committees will be read or copies made available, and any other husiness applica blc to the proper functioning of the Societ y will be conducted. Dorothy R. Waistc Mcmhcrship renewals arc due by March I . Payment therefor may he mailed or handed to the secretary or treasurer al meetings or luncheons .

---------------------------------------l. llNCH EON HIGllLlINF EISELE. A political science teacher al Gresham High School, and a friend of Hazel Newhouse, Mrs. Eisele is ohviously a superior teacher and has a luminous personality, and she took us on a luminous educator's tour of Mainland China. We went from Hong Kong to Canton to Kweilin to Changsa in Hunan Province; from Peking to Nanking lo Shanghai. Illustrated in color, we saw everywhere interesting evidence of the emergence of the New China, and it made us wonder where China will he hy the end of the century. It's rather scarcy . . .. Most interesti ng geological feature was the Karst Mountains in Kwaigsi Province an ancient limestone formation that has collapsed from subtcrancan erosio n into an area of overgrown hummocks and pinnacles, and very picturesque indeed . We can't understand how Laurette Ken ny managed lo hook this excellent program to coincide with Prdiidcnt hird's visit lo China. The Thursday Luncheon's high hatting average for high-qualit y programs was further e nhanced al the Dccc mhcr 11 Luncheon when l>R. V /\NCI·: I.. TERR/\ I.I. showed us a selection of his superlative slides of "Wi ld Flowers of Oregon." Rcmarkahly, he confined the selection lo two small areas Saddle Mountain and

I

the Columbia River Gorge. Herc grow a multitude of plants with a variety of lovely blossoms for those who have the eyes to see and the initiative to seek them out. Also member of the Native Plant Society. Dr. Terrall has, as a hobby, comhined mountaineering. botany and photography to develop the art of seeking them out and reco rding them on color film, and doing it beautifully. His color was inte nse, we thought, without heing exaggerated. and his composition was admirable. We thank him for this memorable program and for showing us.. how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin: even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.". ... The Society's Christmas party, featuring the ANNUAL JAM SESSION, arranged by HEATRICE DALE assisted hv MAY DUNN, was held al the December 18 Luncheon. The membership sang Christmas songs and carols lo the accompaniment of MS. N AT/\LI EH AYES, a professional pianist imported for the occasion he the REV. KARL BAClf . A number of jokes and anecdotes were read , after which Santa Claus appropriate ly appeared we suspect in the person of DON TURNER, who has the ideal specifications who distrihutcd the little jars of jam made hy l./\ll R ETTE KENNEY, from which custom this tradition derives its name. It wasanexcellent part y,cxud ingChristmasspirit, and everyone had a good time. Since both Christmas and New Year's l>ay fell on succeeding Thursdays, the Luncheon took a long vacation and next assemhlcd on January X, when R /\I .Pl I M /\SON , suhstil uting for /\ndy ( 'orcora n, told us "What's New in Oregon Geology." What's new was startling, to say the least. It in volved Ralph's conception during a struggle with insomnia of classifying and certifying the genealogy of Pel Rocks for l heir owners. Now, one can send his Pel Rock to the State Department of Geology and Mineral Industries and it will he returned with an imposingly certified document inscribed with its classification and genealogy for the nominal sum of $1.00. Designed hy Ralph one of this country's better humorists this certificate has to he seen lo he appreciated. Reaction lo l>Occfcldorfcr, who ever he is At l he .la nuary 15 Luncheon, I./\ l IR ETTE KENNEY, pinch-hitting for John Lawler, further familiarized us with New Orleans, which has come to he one of her favorite c ities. And well it might he, for it is pregnant with the histories of Spanish, 1-'rcnch, and American ownership and their rcsrectivc cultures. Rc<.:ounling the advanlurcs of her sc<.:ond vis it with film and commentary, Laurette is beginning to mak e us want lo go to sec for ourselves.

·----------------------------------------ANOTHER lJSE FOR PI T ROCK? Early Deanne writes " Instead of operating a gravel pit, it could he called a ra nch or, kennel. If your pct rock got lonesome, you could bring it out to the ranch- or kennel where it cou ld ha ve some company." How a hout some one locating some ideal Hcd Rocks where rct rocks could rest awhile - o r even locating some security Bed Rocks to help rock someone lo sleep. February /CJ16

21

WILCOXES' PEOPLE COLUMN By Lloyd and Reba The night of January 9 was another dark and stormy wintery night and people would have been forgiven if they had chosen to stay home instead of attending the scheduled meeting of OFS. So it must have been the personal magnetism of our own JOHN LAWLER that pulled them out of their warm abodes to attend his lecture on Fossil lake, Oregon, Ancient Mammals, Birds, and Fish . JOHN was aided by two of his students, 6th graders Tim Spinn and Danny Williams, who accompany him on many of his trips and who usually manage to come up with the finest specimens. Whatever, the crowd turned out to be one of the larger ones of the year, which means that many not so often seen faces were there. Like the BARRS, home for Christmas and a quick jab at the yard by DOROTHY, but gone again by the end of the month to continue their Odyssey, this time south through California with a start in the Redwoods and scheduling their journey to arrive in the Arizona desert in time for the spring flowers. I thought the HIGDONS were gone again to some far away place but there they were, though daughter Yvonne was missing. Her time is occupied with other things now. Like school and other things. I checked this on the phone but couldn't get his name. The McCLUNGS were there, too. Although they were not gone long enough to miss any meetings, anyone who celebrates Christmas and New Year's both on an island in the South Pacific and who watches Santa come to shore riding the surf in a native catamaran deserves mention in this column and will surely get it. Incidentally, WALLY advises that hula skirts are now being fire proofed. He couldn't light a fire under anything. Renewed members ALFRED and GRACE NICHOLS were there also. Haven't seen them since the Campout. And GERALDINE FLEGLE showed up after an absence much longer than that. Would you believe last March at the Banquet? She has been busy, busy, busy, but took time out to go to Los Angeles for a New Year's celebration which included choice seats at the Rose Bowl. Well, that's life. Some people do it and I stay home and write about it. BOB GAMER is back. He returned from his survey of ground water in Iran in October and has since visited relatives in California and attended a seminar in Michigan. Or was it the other way around? MARCY HERTZMARK doesn't come to our meetings very often but she was there this time and glad I was to see her as she volunteered to help me with the Banquet program. Oh, yes, it will soon be time for our Annual Banquet. Reserve the date, March 12, the second Friday of the month. Well, back to the meeting we started with. ROBERT BRUCE CAMPBELL, three months, attended his very first meeting accompanied by father DONALD and mother ALICE. He was the center of attention during refreshment time as several of the members tried their hand at coaxing out his first word. DON sez he is talking alread y but nobody seemed to believe it. 22

The Geological Newsletter -

Picture post cards continue to drift in occasiona,lly from the BARRS . From them we glean the highlights of a trip commencing in the Canadian Rockies, extending southward through our own Rockies gathering fossils, flowers and pictures along the way, through the southw~st deserts and now across the broad Pacific to the islands of Hawaii. Hey, that last phrase sounds familiar. As we write the final copy of this we learn that DON and DOROTHY are back in town. The W AISTES were in Los Angeles October 29 through November 9, attending a business meeting instituted by the Washington office of the Corps of Engineers for all Chiefs of Administrati~e Servies. BOB and DOROTHY enjoyed visits with friends along the way. There is a moral somewhere in this tale I am sure: CLARA BARTHOLOMAY, in great haste to go somewhere, was ironing a blouse to wear when the iron cord engaged a bowl of something and distributed it on the floor. Distractedly swiping at the mess with an electric broom, she caught the dangling belt of the blouse in the broom a nd slurp, it was swallowed . As she spent the next three hours dismantling the broom, cleaning the blouse, reassembling the broom, CLARA is said to have wailed: "Der hurrier I go, der behinder I get." lt was good to see DeFOREST BIXBY there. He comes just often enough to be conspicuous by his absence. Other people were absent that night and thereby conspicuous, too. . NORMAN and GENEY A HESSEL were called to California suddenly. We hope everything is O.K. MERLE HELFRICH was busy preparing for his first day in class as an instructor in spray painting technique and equipment maintenance at Portland Community College. Somebody asked me how AL KEEN was doing and I suddenly realized I hadn't bothered to inquire for some time so Saturday morning I checked on AL and found him feeling fine. Say, did you take note in the last issue of our latest subscriber? Biblioteka, Akademii nauk of Kiev, USSR!!! We have pierced the Iron Curtain!! Welcome to the fold Akademii nauk!! Now if that doesn't bring the CIA or FBI d own on my back, I'll see you all at the Banquet in March! Bob Waiste sez: The difference between a junior and a senior executive may be as much as forty pounds.

MEMBER HAS EXHIBIT: Adisplayofrcconstructions of Renaissance Triptych Paintings by John F. Lawler may be seen at the Holgate Branch Library, 7905 S.E. Holgate Blvd. until the end of the month. THE OREGON AGATE AND MINERAL SOCIETY presents its annual Gem and Mineral Show at OMSI from Jan. 31 to Feb. 8. Week Days from 9 to 5, Friday, 9 to 9, and Saturdays and Sundays 9 to 6. There will be outstanding displays, demonstrations, and sales. Free Admission to Show after Entering OMSI.

February 1976

•

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES (1)

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

To provide facilities and leadership for members of the Society to study geology, particularly the geology of the Oregon Country. The establishment and maintenance of a library of geological publications. The encouragement of geological study among amateurs and students. The support and promotion of geologic investigation in the Oregon Country. The designation, preservation and interpretation of importaot geologic features of the Oregon Country. The development of the mental capacities of its members in the study of geology and the promotion of better acquaintance and closer association between those engaged in the above objectives.

MEMBERSHIP QUALIFICATIONS A member shall be a person at least twenty-one years of age who is interested in and supports the aims and objectives of the Society and who has been recommended by the membership committee. Membmhip shall be divided into seven classes as follows: Junior Member, Member, Fellow, Honorary Life Member, Sponsor, Patron, and Benefactor. A regular member shall be: (a) a single person, or (b) a husband and wife. Children under eighteen years of age are included in their parent's membership, but are not eligible to vote. A Junior member shall be a person under 21 years of age, not included in a family membership. DUES The annual dues for members living within reasonable access distance of Portland (30 miles) shall be $10.00, and for Junior members, $5.00. For those living more than 30 miles distant from Portland dues shall be $7 .00 and $3.00 respectively.

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP The Geological Society of the Oregon Country Date _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Individual: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Family:

H u s b a n d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Children under 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

( ) Junior:

,

Address:

R e s i d e n c e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Business _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Occupation: - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Geological interests and hobbies: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Sponsoring member: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Remittance of $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _for dues is attached. Signature of Applicant

Make check payable and mail to THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY Attn. Secretary P.O. Box 8579 Portland, Oregon 97207

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State of Oreg on

(2 of 2 }

Dep~ . of Gco!ogy 1 '. i ncrn l I nd u3t .

1069 State Office ~ ljg , Portlnnd ,Ore . 97201

. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE DREliDN COUNTRY P. 0. BOX 8579

PORTLAND. OREGON

97207

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1975-1976 ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PRESIDENT John H. Bonebrake 289-8597 4109 N. Winchell Street Portland , Oregon 97203 VICE PRESIDENT - LECTURES Opal M. Helfrich 253-7446 251 NE 133rd Avenue Portland , Oregon 97230 SECRETARY Dorothy R. Waiste 235-4320 133 SE 27th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 TREASURER Milbert M. Holzwarth 284-3444 2524 NE 34th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97212

DIRECTORS: MEMBERS-AT-LARGE Vincent J. Eggleston 253-6741 10030 NE Skidmore Street Portland, Oregon 97220 (3 years)

Emily L. Delano 236-2139 (Bus.) 1536 SE 11th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 (2 years) Robert Waiste 235-4320 133 SE 27th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 (1 year) IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENTS Clair F. Stahl 281-2220 George E. Malin Sr. 665-1051

ACTIVITIES CHAIRPERSONS BOOK PURCHASING Louis E. Oberson 282-3685 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland, Oregon 97212 EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR Norman A. Hessel 236-7860 1665 SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 FIELD TRIPS Donald G. Turner 246-3192 4350 SW Altadena Avenue Portland , Oregon 97201 HISTORIAN Viola L. Oberson 282-3685 3569 NE Stanton Street Portland , Oregon 97212 HOSPITALITY Effie M. Hall 246-2446 4707 SW Evans Street Portland, Oregon 97219

LIBRARIAN Shirley M. O'Dell 234-4879 117 SE 52nd Avenue Portland, Oregon 97215 LUNCHEONS Leo F. Simon 236-0549 7006 SE 21st Avenue Portland , Oregon 97202 LUNCHEON PROGRAMS Laurette W . Kenney 775-5697 4125 SE Gladstone Street Portland, Oregon 97202 MEMBERSHIP Ruth A. Goldson 244-2600 1351 SW Hume Street Portland, Oregon 97219 PROPERTIES Karl R. Bock 244-5194 9315 SW 37th Avenue Portland , Oregon 97219

PUBLICATIONS Lloyd A. Wilcox 636-6594 16650 SW Lake Forest Blvd. Lake Grove, Oregon 97034 PUBLICITY Arthur Hansen 236-5009 7326 SE 21st Avenue Portland, Oregon 97202 TELEPHONE L. Ellen Fahrion 244-2778 9229 SW Capital Highway Portland, Oregon 97219 TRANSPORTATION Donald R. Campbell 238-1057 4115 SE Morrison #2 Portland, Oregon 97214 PAST PRESIDENTS' PANEL Clair F. Stahl 281-2220 3235 NE 61st Avenue Portland , Oregon 97213

ACTIVITIES LECTURES: Lecture meetings on subjects related to the Earth Sciences are held at 8 p.m., in Room 53, Cramer Hall , Portland State University at SW Broadway at Mill , on the second and fourth Fridays of the months. (Except July and August) FIELD TRIPS: Usually one field trip per month is scheduled via private car, in caravan or chartered bus. An occasional two-day trip with overnight camping is planned. EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR: Browsing time in the GSOC library, Room S7 at 7 p.m. , with the scheduled seminar in Room S17 at 8 p.m., on the third Tuesday of each month. (Except July and August) WORKSHOPS: Small groups are organized for intensive study of a specific subject by participating members. LUNCHEONS: Informal. Show and tell of earth science specimens. A local authority is programmed to give a talk - usually with films. Guests are welcome. Every Thursday noon In the Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA. ANNUAL EVENTS: The President's Campout - Summer. Picnic in Crater at Mt. Tabor Park - August. Year-end Banquet - March . PUBLICATIONS: Trip Logs and price lists are obtainable from the chairman. NEWSLETTER : The official journal of the Society is The Geologlcal Newsletter. The editor is elected by the membership.

•

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY MARCH 1976

THE CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES

Vol. 42,

No. 3

March 12 · Friday

4lst. Annual Banquet, bmith Memorial Ballroom, PSU. Exhibits open for viewing at 5:30 P.M. Dinner at 6:30 P.M. Speaker: R.E. (Andy) Corcoran, State ueologist "Early-Day Mining A·c ti vi ties in Oregon"

March 16 Tuesday

Earth Science ~tudy - Cramer Hal l, ttoom 17, 8:00 P.M. Lead er: Sue Bee Subject: Beginner's Crystallography 6SOC Library open at 7 P.M.

March 20

Field Trip: Bonneville vam by Bus Purpose: To tour the dam, cross to North tlonneville to tour the relocation work, and return t o Portland via washington Highway 14. Leaders . William M. Freer on the bus. Richard D. Macuonald, ge ologist, with and at North Honneville. ~t Bonneville as arranged by Ed Ashley, Project Engineer. Time & Place: Leave Lloyd center parking lot (17 & Mul t nomah) at 8:30 A.M. Cost: Bus fare ~5.25 payable to Donald Turner. Deadline to receive payment is Friday, March 12 to Notify the bus company. No refunds after this date unless replacement is available. Instructions: Park free, but at own risk, ~t Lloyd Center Parking lot. Hring lunch, camera, and field glasses. we will be outside much of the time; so, boots and heaMy clothing a re necessary.

~aturday

March 26

Mr. Jack Meyer, geo lo ~i st with the Northwest Na t ural Gas Uompany. Subject: ·•Natural ·Gas .l!iXplora ti on in Northwest Oregon." ~ peaker:

LUNCHEONS Thursdays at noon, Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA, SW Taylor at "Brown Bagttonly. ~nacks and drinks available.

~ixth

Avenue.

March 4

" GEOLOGY OF THE DRY FALLS AR1A " Speaker: Lloyd A. Wilcox Past Pre sident, GSOC

March 11

"GROUNDWATER GEOLOGY OF THI: KARKHEH RI.VER BASIN, IRAN" Speaker: Robert L. Gamer Geolo gist, Foundation Sciences, Inc.

March 18

"RECENT EROSION IN NEW MEXICO" (Rescheduled) S peaker : Neville M. Curtis Geologist, ~oil Conservation Service

March 25

"FRENCH POLYNESIA 11 Speaker: Wallace H. Mcclung Pas t ~resident, GSOC

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWS LET'rER MARCH

1976

Vol. 42, No. 3

TIIB STORY OF TI-IE AMMONITF.

By Cynthia Drayer The word Ammoni te means "Ammon' s stones". Anunon was an Egyptian god with ram-like horns. 11\e Ammonites existed from the Devonian to the end of the Cretaceous, and are classified in the animal ki ngdom thusly: Kingdom---Animalia Phyla---Moll us ca Class---Cephalopoda Subclass---Ammonoi dea Order- - -Ammoniteda The Nautiloids, which are more widely known, had the Subclass--Nautiloidea. To lessen the confusion, two very important words, Ammonoids and Ammonites, will be used continuously. One must remember that the Ammonites are part of the larger group, the Ammonoids, as indicated by their classification . 11\e Ammonoid group contains three different types of organisms, the Ammonites being only one of these. The Ammonoids came from two possible ancestors. They may have descended from the Nautiloids, a curled form, or they may have descended from the genus Bactrites, a straight form. Although one might instinctively pick the Nautiloids because of s i milar physical appearance, it is now believed that Bactrites was the ancestor. Bactrites is more likely because of the discovery of a "missing link", which possesses characteristics of both the Ammonoids and Bactrites. Ammonoids reached their greatest abtmdance and variety in marine sea waters , 120 to 600 feet deep, in which there was plenty of algae. It is interesting to note that Ammonoids did very well in areas where pelecypods (clams) and gastropods (snails) were .rare or absent . Ammonoids occur as fossils in many parts of the world and are most abtmdant in Mesozoic rocks . Because they ohtained world wide distribution and lived a short span, geologically, they make excellent "guide fossils". 11\is world wide distribution was probably helped by the low specific gravity of the shells. When the animal died its she 11, now lighter than water, would rise to the surface and ·be spread by surface currents to beaches far from its natural range. Ammonites lived in large schools and ate fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, and their own kind. Prey was seized by their tentacles and eaten with a powerful beak . Aragonite composed the shell of most Ammonoids, while the apertures of some Ammonites wer e composed of the more stable calcite. The head-foot, with suckerless tentacles, could be retracted into the shell an
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Vol. 42, No. 3

The sexes were separate . Four arms in the male were used for copulating and the eggs in the ovary of the female, located in the mantle, were encased in a gelatinous mass.

There are three main divisions of the Anunonoids group, which are based on the complexity of their suture patterns on the lobes and saddles . Those Ammonoids with simple lobes and saddles are Goniatites (see Diagram lA) . Those with sutures that have divided lobes but undivided saddles are called Ceratites (see Diagram lB). The most complex suture pattern is that of the Ammonites (see Diagram IC). It is composed of very wrinkled saddles and lobes. The first ammonite suture appeared in Permian time. The Mesozoic era, especially the Triassic period, was dominated by the Ammonites until their extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period, 65 million years ago .

o.+\~chfller\

-to St\~\\ No..u+, lus c,-"':J~

s e~h Df1

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWS LETTER MARCH 1976

Vol. 42, No. 3

26

Nautiloids differ from Ammonites by having smoothly curved septa and simple suture marks . The Nautilus is the closest representative in looks and behavior to the Ammonite, so Diagram 2 is a good approximation for the internal structure of the Anunonites. (111e words lDlderlined are shown in the diagram.) The chambers are portions of the shell that were vacated as the growing body moved forward. The chamber partitions, or septa, were secreted by the mantle. The septh are attached to the inner shell forming a line of junction known as t e suture. The animal retained connection with its abandoned chambers by a slender tube, the siphuncle. The formation of the siphuncle was complex procedure. As the body moved forward a fleshy stock, or siphon, remained and the septtun (one septa), was built around it with a backwardly directed neck. A connecting ring secreted by the siphon continued to the septum behind. Necks and rings formed the siphuncle tube. The siphuncle was very important for the Arnmonite' s buoyancy. Either lime was deposited in the siphuncle to make the Ammonite heavier, or gasses were transported along it into the chambers to .make the Arnmonite lighter. ~~ Reasons for the Ammonites intricate suture patterns may be explained by two theories. One theory is called the Orthogenic Trend, or the tendency for one type of variation to become established and continue, even without beneficial value. The other theory is Natural Selection, which holds that the elaborate septa and suture patterns helped as a buttressing effect for strength, giving the Ammonite an advantage to survive . 1lle Ammonites, when immature, had the septa and suture patterns of their previous ancestors, and it is only the more mature Ammonites that took on the characteristic species suture pattern . It is, therefore, necessary for compromise between these two theories, to account for the survival of the immature Ammonites . There were many evolutionary trends for the Arnmonoids . The major trend was the curling in of the shell. Experts believe that the shell of the gastropod and that of the Ammonoids were derived from a common shel 1 type. Many Ammonoids narrowed their apertures after reaching maturity. This may have been to prevent the animal from being pulled out or because the animal could no longer keep a secure hold on its shell. Some developed larger beaks and ears, which may indicate the Ammonite seldom swam. The sutures became more complex, the shell got larger and lighter, and a change in the position of the siphtmcle occurred throughout geologic time. Throughout its history the Ammonoids continually changed in the occurrence and abundance of its different suture types . This history may be condensed into geologic periods. Devonian-- The Amm:>noids were still relatively few but made a significant advance . All Devonian Ammonoids have goniatitic sutures. Mississippian--Goniatites, very abtmdant during this period, are used today to help stratigraphers as guide fossils. The first Ammonoid with ceratitic and goniatitic suture types were prevalent. Permian--Goniatiti c sutures were still present but this period became dominated by the complex Ammonite suture types. 1llere was a great dying out

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at the end of this period. Triassic--Large Ammonites with great variety were present and, like the Goniatites of the Mississippian period, are used today as guide fossils. At the end of this period there was another great dying out and only one genus, Phyloceras, survived. Jurassic--Only Ammonoids with Anunonite sutures survived the great dying out of the Triassic. Cretaceous--Both Ammonites and Belenmites were abundant . By the near end of this period, however, many Ammonites had reverted back to ·the goniatitic and ceratitic suture forms. This drastic change in forms was a vain attempt to adapt to a rapidly changing environment. The Ammonites were, however, unsuccessful, and died out at the end of the Cretaceous period forever. According to Margaret Steere, who was kind enough to provide this informatfon, Ammonites can be fotmd in the following areas in Oregon. Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Ammonites are found along the Rogue River near Agness and up the Elk River. Late Cretaceous Ammonites of the Hornbrook Formation may be located in the Ashland, Jacksonville, and Medford areas along the highway south of Ashland. They may also be found west of Talent along Dark Hollow Road. Late Cretaceous Ammonites of the Hudspeth Formation can be fotmd at the Jackson Brothers' Ranch north of Mitchell . In fact, any place where there is an outcropping of the Hudspeth shales there are Ammonites. Late Cretaceous Ammonites may also be found south of Antone at Rock Creek, and near the cities of Suplee and Izee. Some Ammonites can also be uncovered in the Wallow Motmtains, Eagle Creek, and south of John Day at Seneca. References Fenton, Carroll L., and Mildred A. Fenton. In Prehistoric Seas. New York: Doubieday ft Company, Inc., 1962. Fenton, Carroll L., and Mildred A Fenton. 'Mle Fossil Book . New York: Doubleday &Company, Inc., 1958. Ficher, Alfred G., Cecil G. Lalicker, and Raymond C. Moore. Invertebrate Fossils. New York : McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1952.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWS LET'rER MARCH 1976

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· WEATHEH AND THE UNITl.D STA'l'ES AIR FORCE By D. G. Turner A group of thirty-nine GSOC members and guests proved hardy enough to brave a rather showery January day (the 11th.) in order to visit the Portland Air Base and it's Weather Station. Upon our arrival at the main gate we were courteously met by the Air Police who directed us to our parking area. We were divided into three groups to be taken in turn through the Weather Station. Lt. Col. Lawrence J. Bellarts, u. s. Air Force (Retired) led these groups into the Weather Station where Lt. C~l. Roger Becker and his staff of weather personnel explained, and showed, the work involved in the operation of the station. In the preparation of the weather map, much has to be considered. The temperature aloft comes from Salem, Oregon's balloon launch, as do readings of pressure and humidity. The Balloon carr~ ies a radio transmitter lRadiosonde) in a lightweight box and sends back these measurements to a ground receiving set which prints them out on a recording chart, which must be converted back to actual values. The Portland Weather Station, for surface readings, uses it's own instruments, including the aneroid barometer, the recording barometer, the mercurial barometer (most accurate), the hygrothermometer (temperature dew point),wind guage, and rain/snow gauge among other.a . All these measurements are used to compile information for the Heteorologist•e working diagram (adiabastic chart). The personnel of the station then proved very knowledgeable in answering a number of difficult questions. The groups, when finished at the weather station, were in turn piloted by V~ncent Eggleston to the Officer's Club, where refreshments were provided, and received with great enthusiasm by all.

Lt. Col. Bellarts, when finished at the weather Station, joined us and gave an excellent presentation of many of the weather problems faced in flying. Among problems discussed were understanding the earth's atmosphere: from the earth's surface to 25-30,000 feet at the poles, to 55-65,000 feet at the equator, is the Troposphere; out 26-29 miles above the polar troposphere is the Stratosphere; out 19-22 miles beyond the Stratosphere is the Mesosphere; and the Thermosphere beyond this • . Some of the scientists use other sets of criteria. Large wind systems; cyclones are low pressure systems with counter clockwise winds (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere), while anticyclones flow in the opposite directions, on the average move from west to east in the Northern Hemisphere, and furnish the most important means of heat exchange between high and low latitudes.The Jet Stream is a narrow belt (100-400 miles wide), 3,000 to 7,000 feet thick, at least 300 miles long, and of at least 50 knots speed, generally found at an altitude of 20,000 to 4o,OOO feet. This wind is very useful in long distance flying as a great fuel saver. Coriolis Effect: the deflecting of the wind and other objects such as bullets during . shoo.ting, to ,s he right ·in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere, ~reating the westward flowing "Trade" winds around 30°north latitude, and the east flowing winds of the middle latitudes, with just the opposite ~ffect in the Southern Hemisphere. Wind Shear: the change in wind speed and/o~ wind direction resulting in a "tearing" or "shearing" effect with sometimes severe turbulence, and is a potential hazard to aircraft, especia~ly during landing or taking off as the aircraft moves from the non-moving cooler air to the quiet cold air layer. t.:ol. Paul Lawson was called upon a nu ·nber of times to share his knowledge of flying and weather, and was found quite well informed.

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Lt. Col. Lawrence Ballarts is to be thanked for org ~nizing and leading an excellent field trip, and Vincent Eggleston, too, for setting up this field trip and for driving one of the pilot cars.

BIBLIOGRAPHY for "Weather and the United States Air Force" Day, John

A.

~ompany,

"The ::>cience of Weather" 1966, Addison-Wesley Publishing Reading, Massachus etts.

Federal Aviation Agency, Department of Commerce. '~viation Weather" 1965, u. s. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. c.

PARKING FOR

BAN~UET

Arrangements have been made for free parking in the fourth floor of the parking building between Hall and ·Harrison streets, for the evening of our 4lst. Annual Banquet. This affair is the climax of GSOC year and we are looking forward to a good time with a good committee functioning and our State Geologist, R. E. (Andy) spea~ing. His topic will be "Early Day Methods of Mining in Oregon". Instructions for guests: Time: Friday, March 12th., 6;30 P.M. Place: Smith Memorial Center, · Grand Ba llro ~m, 3rd. floor. On West Broadway between Montgomery a.n d Harrison. Parking: Across Broadway, 4th level. There is a walk ramp over the street that exits on the 3rd. floor of Smith Memorial, where the banquet will oe held. Tickets: Make reservations before the banquet night. See Leo Simon. Price S4.25 per plate. Displays: The room will be open for viewing displays at 5:30. Don Turner will welcome items for display. Pet Rocks: Bring your pets which you would like to donate to be sold for the benefit of the club. Please place your estimated price on his collar. You may take your pet earlier to Vincent Eggleston, or if you call him he will pick it up (he promises TLC.)

Wanted-Banquet Exhibits Exhibits are needed for the March 12th. USOC banquet. lf you can furnish an exhibit for the banquet, please notify Donald u. Turner (Phone 246 -3192). The tables will be unguarded during the meal period. The exhibits s h ~ uld be ready for viewing before 5 :30 P.H.

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EARTII SCIENCE SEMINAR Appraisal of Paleoecology from Morphology is a legitimate geological topic which might be expressed in shirt-sleeve English, Dead Men Leave Clues. Anyhow that's what Cynthia Drayer did to it Tuesday night, January 20th, at the return of Library Night after the holiday recess. · Chairman Norman Hessel introduced Cynthia as a geology major at PSU but we all knew her well as a valuable member of the society. The yoWlg enthusiast programmed her thesis on the blackboard and referred to it as she built up her case. Skeletal structure of a fossil, she said, may tell us something of the environment of the animal. From the ever widening cell circle of the ammoni te or the nautilus, its siphon piercing each septum one may deduce its living pattern. In the deep sea where he can put his foot to the grotmd the animal is able to keep from being forever buried by pressurizing his cells to keep afloat on the surface where his wings move him and his trailing antennae provide his substenance. Horned animals have developed this appendage to defend themselves or to assure their dominance of the clan or herd. Of what possible use could a lowly freshwater clam make to reveal a bit of environment? This Pennsylvania resident had a habit of leaving for the paleo student to worry his head, a long fossil burrow, possibly filled· up with sediment. This chap needed to have the upper part of his body in the water for there's where the food was. But he anchored his nether quarters in the mud for stability in the current. As sedimentation kept intruding on him he struggled upward to leave the shaft behind. If the mollusk left a long tunnel, the student theorizes he lived for some time in fairly gentle waters that supplied him with sustenance and at the same time that alluvium was forcing him upward. · Cynthia's biological nomenclature kept me scratching but I was glad I had joined the enthusiastic attendance at the meeting. The society is proud to acknowledge the fine contribution made to their program by such knowledgeable and dedicated yoWlg people as Cynthia Drayer and her fellow student, Susan Bee, who also contributed to the session . Some fine fossils were displayed, corals, pecten shells and c~inoids. Cynthia even wore some of her fossils as ornaments, a sliced and polished ammonite at her throat . and a perfect Cani>rian trilobite as a setting for her finger ring. Librarian Shirley O'Dell issued books. coffee counter.

Geneva Hessel presided at the

C. T. L. Murphy

MARCH 1976

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LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS By William H. Freer The January 22 Thursday Luncheon had the interesting experience of listening to a specialist unique in his field -- an historical horticulturist, or perhaps a horticultural historian. Anyway, LARRY L. McGRAW, City of Portland fireman, now retired, told us about "Pioneer Fruits and Pioneer Nurserymen" in one of the most interesting programs of the season. He told us that prior to 1845 all fruits propagated in the Pacific Northwest were planted from seeds brought by the Russians and the Spaniard.a. But in 1847 a horticultural genius from Iowa named Henderson Luelling arrived on the banks of the Willamette wi t h two wagon-loads of grafts and root-stock which he began cultivating and developing on a five acre tract now occupied by the Waverly Golf Club. Developing new and improved varieties and strains of apples, pears, prunes, plums, chetries and other tree fruit s , Henderson Luelling and his brother Seth, were instrumental to a high degree in establishing the great fruit industry of the Northwest. Once, Oregon apples brought as much as a dollar apiece from the gold miners of California; once, the world's largest orchard was situated a few ~iles north of Dufur. In this 3 ,000 acre orchard at least one row of trees was 10 miles long. The heyday ot this great truit industry is past, but it is good to have an authority ot Mr. McGraw's stature to tell us how great it used to be. His reputation is such that he was selected by the Oregon Historical Society to restore the historical orchard at their Howell-Bybee House on Sauvie Island. Which c9uld be the subject for another good Luncheon program -Incidentally, Larry, it is heart-warming to know, i s a nephew of our late, great Lon Hancock. Perlite is composed of mixed glassy silicates, like Apache tears, and we heard about it at the January 29 Luncheon from FRANK c. PETTERSON, ~f the Supreme Perlite Co. Perelite is slightly soluable, porus, ultra light, .expandable under heat. It is fragile, non compressive, abrasive, and a thermal reflector. It is impervious to moisture, is fire-proof, and a lot of it comes from Northern New Mexico. It is a new and developing industry, and is used as an aggregate in various concretes for building materials, in cavity insulation, as an aerator in agriculture and as a filtrate. We came away from this program with a much better ac quaintance with perlite. ·MICHAEL H. CAREY is a public school teacher from Beaverton, but beside that he is a guide and an avi d river-runner who escorts trips. At the February 5 Luncheon he escorted us down "The Snake River by Boat." Illustrated with his excellent slides we safely negotiated the rapids in the last remaining 37 miles of free-flowing river in rubber boats in an e xciting, exhilarating, though for us relaxed, mood. We felt very much there, the more so, probably, b ecause our own intrepid river-run!ler, Della Michel, was among those aboard and was seen fr equently on the screen, sometimes we suspect in -- uh -- unposed exposure•. Our old and valued friend, JOHN MIHELCIC, told us more about the "Geology and Minerals of Michigan" at the February 12 Luncheon. lie reviewed some of the geology of the Great Lakes area, with particular reference to the great iron and copper deposits found there -- among the richest in the world. Illustrated with his own slides and his whimsical humor, he gave us another informative gl i mpse of the now familiar area in which he feels most at home. Thank you, John, for one more of many good programs --

'l'HE GEOLOGICAL NEWS LETTER MARCH

1976

Vol. 42, No. 3

N~W

32

MEMBEHS• AND NEW ADDRESSES

•MORHISON, J. Rex and Gladys 696-1294 5610 NE 40 Street Vancouver, WA 98661

FARNHAM, Frances 115 NW Oregon, #18 Bend, OR 97701

•PANKOW, Hugo A. and ~leanor T. 292-5263 155 NW 99 Avenue Portland, OR 97229

GAMER, Robert L • and Louise C 1893 Lexington Circle, SE Salem, OR 97302

ALLEN, Dr. John E. and Margaret M. Dept. of Earth Sciences Portland State University P. o. Box 751 Portland, OR 97207 BOOTH, Pat (Margaret D. ) 13160 SW Walker Road Beaverton, OR 97005 Sponsors:

MILLER, Arthur H. and Tenny B.

2550 Lancaster Drive, NE, Apt.51 Salem, OR 97303 AKINS, Glenn J. and Elizabeth Office of the Governor Policy and Planning Commission Pouch A· D. Juneau, Alaska 99801

Dr. Frank Boersma and Daniel H. Griswold

CORRECTIONS, please! In the February Geological Newsletter article entitled Columbia River Basalts: Interesting Places to Visit by Dr. Aaron C. Waters there were a number of errors that need to be corrected in your copy. Please correct these most glaring mistakes. Transposed letters and omissions: Page 6 Col. 1: from Eocene Page 8 Col. 1: bounces Page 9 Col. 1: Niagara Page 9 Col. 2: south eastern (not north) Page 9 Col. 2: Picture Gorge Basalt is Page 10 Col. 2: 225 miles (not 25) Page 10 Col. 2: Enterprise, Oregon (not Idaho) Add on map page the 18th Place of interest: ye Yakima Canyon (These numbers and letters were inadvertently transposed. It is standard practice in bibliographies to end with the number of pages in a book, i.e. 206p., but if an article is cited in a journal and the article is paged continuously throughout the journal it is thus: p.120-132 .) So correct the Selected References to read: 24p. 3Sp. 45p. 108p. 63p. Thank you, Viola L. Oberson, Editor 1972-1976.

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1976

Vol. 42, No. 3

33

WILCOXES' PEOPLE COLUMN By Lloyd and Heba It's a ne w year an d a new editor. Greeting s to bo t h. May the year bring her pr oblems no greater than w h~ t to do wi t h a l l o f the material she receives. DOUG BUSHEK'S mother ha s jus t received a letter from his CO advising that lJO UG bas been chosen l\irman of the mon th for his sq uadron for outstandi ng per f ormance. Con grat ula t i 0ns DOUG. My work t o0k me to the Madras country a few we eks a ~o and I availed myself of the opportunity to scoot on up to ~end for a visit with some of our ~entral Ore gon friends. I was saddened to learn that CLARENCE BOYD passed away Novembe r 2, las t . He was 81. Living so far away as t hey did, we didn't see much of CLA HENCE and u ENEVIEVE but it was & pleasure to renew a cq ua int ences each year a t the Campout. We will mis s him. I had a report tha t PHIL BROGAN was recently re l e a sed from the hospital bu t that report, quoth PHIL, "Is grossly exaggerated. It' s been a long time since 1 was in a hos pital. I f e el f i ne. 11 And, indeed, he looked it, too. On the way back to Madra s, I cruised t he rim of t he Deschu t es Canyon in the Redmond a.rea, looking for the aerie of n UTH and AL KEEN. I found it · too, but n ~ t the KEENS, who are no t quite ready yet t o ge t away fr om ~o rtland. AL is n0 t yet completely recovered fr om his recent heart aittack a..l.though he is getting iaro und and is n ow attending t he lunche ons. January had a fifth .Friday along toward t he end of the month so P3 used the occasion for a dinner meeting at the Ione Plaze. A. rather large grou p turned out, fifteen, 1 believe. it was e s pecially gratifyin g to s e e VR. J AMES STAUFFBR back wi t h us aga in. This was the last meeting of t he fiscal year, t hus c oncluding the chairmanship of CLAIR STAHL. He will be succeeded by J OHN BONEBRAKE who will chair this committee for the coming year. The time span between the present when t his is wr i t ten and t he fu t ure when it reaches you mer~es confusedly a t t ime s wi t h t he pre s ent when you re a d this a nd t he past when it wa s writ t en, and 1 oft en find my tens es out of order. So when I sa y that ARCHIE and LAURA STROMG are lea.ving sh ortly for a two or t hr e e week trip to the southland to visit friend s a nd poss ib l y a relative or two in t he Indio-Palm Springs area it means that they haven•t yet left Port l and a s I write t hi s but will have returned to Portland by the time you read this. See what 1 mean? It is eas ier wi t h the HAMMONDS , DR. J J HN and ESTER. At t his writing they have already returned fr vm a two week visit to Calif0rnia . J OHN report s tha t California appears very dry for this t ime of year with little sn ~ w paok in the mountains a nd he predicts a coming s eason of serious consequences t o t he state' s a ~ ricultu r e. ARTHUR HANSEN and Ll!:WI S BISC HOFF depar t ed from Portland Februar3 10 for a two week air trip to the resort cities 0f Mexico. Sun bathing and pe uple WF1tching, yes. '!'hey didn't mention fishing OT cliff diving .

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWS LETTER MARCH 1976

Vol. ,

42,

No.

3

Did you read the article in the February 1 Northwest Maga~ne section of the Oregonian entitled "Searching for Rocks Fr om the Sky"? It spoke of the great interest in mete orites held by scientists and their eagerness to find and examine new specimens. roremost among the seekers is one RICHARD N. PUGH, te a cher of science at ~leveland High ~chool. According to the a:rticle, MR. PUGH is spending an everincreasing portion of hi s free time in teaching interested persons how to identify these rocks that f a ll from the sky. MR. PUGH is scheduled to lecture to the Society in April. And while we are speaking of newspaper articles, how about a kudo to our Newsletter for its article by ur. Aaron ~. Waters on the Columbia River basalts which became the subject of PHIL BROGAN'S column in the Oregonian of Yebruary 8. And the Oregon J ourna l reports that DR. ARTHUR and FREEDA J ONES were among the recipien ts of the Aubrey R. Watzek award presented to "persons who have pioneered in their respective fields of endeavor, ·;i nd because of whoa t he P:J cific Northwest, p!Y'ticularly the ..,t :-ite of Oregon, has become the richer " in ceremonies at Lewis and ~lark Colle~e March 2. We, in our Society, have been aware of that for years. LA.UrtETTE KENNEY frightened all of her friends when s he was taken to the bos µital suffering from pains in her chest. ~fter thr ee days of test and rest, what was feared to be a heart attack turned out to be a rib separation. Not as serious, perhaps, but certainly bothersome. norse yet, she doesn't know how or when it happened! You still have time to place your reservativn with LEO SIMON for tickets to the sea ~ on•s extravaganza, the ~nnual Danquet of OFS. Don't miss out on this most enjoyable of occasions. Join with your friends to say go0dbye to last year's officers and to welc ome the new ones. Good fo ~d, good fun, g)od entertainment. ne h~pe to see you t here • . BOB WAISTE sez: A woman's idea of thrift is to save enough on one purchase to buy something el~e.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETT~R Official Publication of t he GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF '£HE OREGON COUNTHY Since 1935 Published Monthly. Editor Assistant .l!;ditor Business Manager

- Margaret H. Howell - 244-5728 - Marcy Hertzmark - 288-3347 - Lloyd A. Wilcox - 636-6594

Staff Assist a nts -

Ruth Goldson • .!!;ffie l{a ll, Opal Helfrich, uorothy waiste.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

To provide facilities and leadership for members of the Society to study geology, particularly the geology of the Oregon Country. The establishment and maintenance of a library of geological publications. The encouragement of geological study among amateurs and students. The support and promotion of geologic investigation in the Oregon Country. The designation, preservation and interpretation of importaQt geologic features of the Oregon Country. The development of the mental capacities of its members in the study of geology and the promotion of better acquaintance and closer association between those engaged in the above objectives.

MEMBERSHIP QUALIFICATIONS A member shall be a person at least twenty-one years of age who is interested in and supports the aims and objectives of the Society and who has been recommended by the membership committee. Membership shall be divided into seven classes as follows: Junior Member, Member, Fellow, Honorary Life Member, Sponsor, Patron, and Benefactor. A regular member shall be: (a) a single person, or (b) a husband and wife. Children under eighteen years of age are included in their parent's membership, but are not eligible to vote. A Junior member shall be a person under 21 years of age, not included in a family membership.

DUES The annual dues for members living within reasonable access distance of Portland (30 miles) shall be $10.00, and for Junior members, $5.00. For those living more than 30 miles distant from Portland dues shall be $7 .00 and $3.00 respectively.

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP The Geological Society of the Oregon Country Date _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Individual: - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - Family:

Husband------- - - - - - - - - Wife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Children under 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

( ) Junior: Address:

Residence------ -- - - - - - - - - - - - Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Business _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Occupation: - - -- - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - Geological interests and hobbies: _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Sponsoring member: - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Remittance of $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _for dues is attached. Signature of Applicant

Make check payable and mail to THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY Attn. Secretary P.O. Box 8579 Portland, Oregon 97207

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THE GEOLOGICAL .NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935 VOL. 42, NO. 4

APRIL 1976

C.ALDDAR OF ACTIVITIES April 9 Friday

Lecture - Cramer Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8:00 P.M. METBORITES

Speaker:

Dick Pugh, science teacher, Cleveland High School

April 20 Tuesday

Barth Science Study - Cramer Hall, Room 17, PSU, 8:00 P.K. WILDFLOWKRS FOR THB CURIOUS Leadersr Esther A. Kennedy and Charlene K. Holzwarth GSOC Library open at 7:00 P.11 •

.lpril 23 Friday

Lecture - Craaer Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8:00 P.K. THB DRAMA OF LIJ'B OH PLANBT KARTH Speaker: Dr. Francis G. Gilchrist, emeritU8 professor of biology, Lewis and Clark College

llay 1

J'ield Trips C8.11&8sia Area Purpose: To study the unique wildflower area, the first project of Nature CoMervancy in Oregon (1963). Leader: Murray Miller, CU8todian for Camassia Area.

Saturday

Tiae and Place:

Meet at West A and Buse Streets, West Linn at the east end of the West Linn Union High School at 10:00 A.K.

LUHCHBONS Thuredays at noon, Mountain Roo•, Downtown YMCA, S.Wo Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Soup, hot sandwishes, fruit and drinks available. April 1

ASSAM, INDIA, Illustrated Speaker: Hazel R. Newhouse, geographer

April 8

TH! HILLS OF INDIA, Illustrated Speaker: Arthur C• Jones , M. D. , re tired

April 15

MBXICO CITY TO VERA CRUZ Speakers: Arthur Hansen, printer, retired, and Lewis Bischoff, salesman, Eastman Kodak Stores, retired

April 22

WHAT IS P.ALBOECOLOGY? Speaker: Cynthia Marie B. Drayer, geology major, PSU

April 29

HOW COMMON IS LIFE IN THB UNI VERSE? Speaker: Dr. Francis G. Gilchrist, emeritU8 professor of biology, Lewis and Clark College

July 25-31

PRESIDENT'S CAMPOUT Newberry Crater - IOOF Campground - Paulina Lake

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER . 36

APRIL 1976

TIIE OCCURRENCE OF THE GENUS EPITONIUM IN THE KEASEY FORMATION IN OREGON By John F. Lawler The purpose of this paper is to give the reader an increased awareness of the great diversity and number of species and varieties of fossil fauna to be found in the Keasey formation. This will be accomplished through a discussion of certain characteristics in five species and variations of a single gastropod genus--the Epitonium. · The Keasey formation is a marine formation, Oligocene in age (35-40 million years old) . It is composed of a massive tuffaceous siltstone, about 2,000 feet thick. Outcrops occur in numerous exposures along the Nehalem River, in northwestern Oregon. The past ten years of collecting in the highly fossiliferous Keasey formation have yielded five species and variations of the gastropod Epitonium. Examples of all five have been collected in outcrops from what is referred to as the Railroad Trestle Locality. Outcrops of this locality are located to the right and left of a high railroad trestle, on Oregon State Highway 47, 6.2 miles north of the Sunset Highway (Oregon State Highway 26). The Epitonil,llll is a characteristic gastropod of the Keasey formation. 11lis shell is commonly called Wentletrap, Staircase or Ladder Shell. The name Wentletrap is of Dutch origin, and refers to old spiral staircases. The genus is well represented in the fossil record from the Triassic period (225-180 million years ago) through recent times . 'Ihe animal is carnivorous and lives in deep water. It is an important food for larger fish. Classification of the Epitonium is as follows : Ki.ngdom Phyla Class Subclass Order Superfamily Family Genus

- - - - - - - - -

Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Prosobranchia Mesogastropoda Epitoniacea Epi toniidae Epitonium

During the growth periods of the Epitonium the lip of the shell thickens, forming isolated ridges during succeeding growth periods . These ridges (growth scars, varices or spiral ribs) differ considerably from one species or variation to another. A brief description of each species and variation, as acteristic growth scars, is as follows:

det~rmined

by its char-

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

37

APRIL 1976

Epitonium (Boreoscala) keaseyense Durham 11le growth scars are wide, and show strong vertical grooves. Tilis is the most commonly found species in the Keasey formation.

Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni Dall Vertical as well as horizontal grooves appear on the growth scars.

Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni "var. eugenense" (Durham) The growth scars are faint and smooth. 11le shell has a china-like appearance.

Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni Dall subsp. refulleri Durham The growth scars are very narrow, and are sharply edged. I have observed only a single, incomplete specimen of this variety.

Epitonium sp. I cannot locate a species name for this type. Tile growth scars are very thin and are very closely spaced, appearing as a rather fine, wavy pattern on the shell surface.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

38

APRIL 1976

References Hickman, Carole Jean Stentz. The Oligocene Marine Molluscan Fatma of the Eugene Formation in Oregon. Eugene: University of Oregon, 1969. Shimer, Harvey Woodburn, and Robert Rakes Shrock. Index Fossils of North America. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1944. Steere, Margaret L. Fossil Localities of the Stmset Highway Area, Ore,gon. Ore Bin, v. 19, no. s, Portland: State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, May, 1957. Weaver, Charles E. Paleontology of the Marine Tertiary Formations of Oregon and Washington. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1942. Zim, He'.rbert

s.,

and Lester Ingle.

Seashores.

New York:

Golden Press, 1955.

ROYAL TREATMENT at CROWN-ZELLERBACH Our West Linn Field Trip on February 21, 1976 in warm, sunny weather brought 25 GSOCers t~gether for an informative and entertaining meeting on the banks of the Willamette River across from Oregon City. Don Turner introduced Murry Miller, Honorary Life Member of the Geological Society of the Oregon Country, U.S.F.S. retired, and leader in the preservation of geological phenomenon of this area. Mr. Miller showed us a map of the region as he gave a brief geologic history of the West Linn area, detailing the three flows apparent here . 1be Boring, Troutdale and Columbia River Basalt can be seen on the river banks. 1bey are Upper Pliocene to Miocene in age. He made a brief mention of the Eocene Goble Volcanics at New Era. '

George Malin in~roduced Robert Gaiser. After a talk outlining the backgrotmd and character of the West Linn Mi 11, we were divided into five groups to ease our hearing near the machinery. Bob Higly, Dick Kuhn, Lew Brainard, and Mike tv!aloney, also accompanied us . We walked past the Corps of Engineer's locks, the C-Z Filter Plant, and a barge from the Wauna Hill tmloadin g pulp . Th.ere have been no digesters in this mill since 1968. On the way to the Saw Mil 1 Area we were dwarfed by 2 ,000 pound rolls of paper wrapped and addressed to TV GUIDE and TIME among others. Arriving at the Woodmill we saw "cants " being tumbled and sliced into two foot blocks by power machinery. 'Ibe revolving steel cylinders were tmused on this date but we saw hydraulic high - pressure water streams1 peeling bark in other machines. The mechanical Grinders were fed either Sp~ce or Hemlock with White Fir mixed into either according to texture requirements of different paper qualities demanded. The Grinders produced grotmd wood pulp wi th gr eat physical strength required of the operator.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

39

APRIL 1976

After pausing for a cool breath and a view of the dam, high waters and nearby fish ladders, we proceeded to the Hixing Room to view the colors and other additives used in different qualities of paper. Somewhere along here we saw huge circular saw blades for slicing big rolls of paper into smaller sections. After admiring this towelling being produced on No. 4 and the directory stock on No. 3, we advanced to No. 9 machine which was turning out catalog pape.r . There we saw an employee tapping the roll with a wooden mallet to check the tension and dryness of the product. We saw No. 5 and No . 6 machines coating paper with a hoaling powder to make high quality paper for text books. A brand new cotton surfaced roller was available for inspection as we heard about the "super calenders" where paper is carefully threaded between a series of steel and fiber rolls under high pressure to form the polished, glossy surface for magazines such as U.S. NEWS &WORLD REPORT and NEWSWEEK. The oldest machine west of the Mississippi River was quiet on this date but it is used to make "CREZON" particle board with a wood pattern to decorate interiors. We did not go upstream to view the primary and secondary water treatment facilities along with part of the $112 Million Corporate-wide pollution control projects, trusting the judgment of the fishermen angling below the ~fill. When in West Linn, you smell somethin' cookin', the Crown-Z people will cry, "Not I." We were impressed with the great machines and the small Himulus alsinoides growing along the board walk . We observed the automation of the massive operation and the friendliness of the employees. (One commented, "They don't seem to be hiring today ?" as we trudged out.) Thank you Mr. William Jianotti for arranging this excellent field trip. Charlene Holzwarth

EARTii SCIENCE SEMINAR The February 17th Library Night saw veteran Leo Simon in the role of mentor with exceptional slides of Columbia gorge scenes. The strait-laced Oneonta George, the backsliding Rooster Rock, the slip-shod Table Mountain which spawned the Bonneville slide, only led upstream to the forever-departed Celilo Falls, the favorite fishing ground of The Dalles Indians. Relics of an old fish wheel and the beginnings of the now-inundated Celilo Canal are all now buried under The Dalles pool. Such things are of historical as well as geological value, a way of life now stilled. These geological examples seem ageless hut they do provide a foundation for the fantastic romance of this gallivanting old planet and bring eager worshipers to the auditorium on alternate Friday nights . New members Donna and Ray Garza were welcomed hy the small attendance which braved a stormy night. The Norman Hessels were in charge and Librarian Shirley O'Dell handled the book business. C. T. L. Murphy

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER APRIL 1976

CONODONTS - A LECnJRE BY DR. JOSEPH J. KOHUT By Cynthia M. B. Drayer On January 26, 1976 an exhuberant Dr. Joseph J. Kohut gave a most thought provoking lecture on the mystery and history of the organisms called conodonts. Originally scheduled to talk on, "How to Find Material in the Library Relating to Geology," he expanded his lecture to include these microscopic "animals" •

.

·When first discovered in the 1800's, the conodonts were identified as fish teeth, which meant that their morphological features were given teeth terms such as cusp, blade, and base. Being believed to be a tooth it was simply assumed that the oldest part of the tooth was ori the outside and the yotmgest part was on the inside. It was composed of the same material as the mineral apatite, was found to occur in "assemblages" (a non-random lineup), and was found in non-organic black shales. 'Ibis occurrence in non-organic black shales makes the conodonts extremely important in stratigraphic correlations. Since these early days many new discoveries have shed light on the conodonts. One discovery, a conodont with a repaired broken cusp, revealed that the oldest part of the organism was on the inside, not on the outside. 'Ibis meant that the conodont had been enveloped by flesh, tmlike teeth . Rut the most important discovery was that of the "conodont animal" from the black shales of Montana. A disc-shaped creature with a fin was fotmd to contain the small conodonts in a central area of the gut. P.fany scientists believe today that the teeth-like conodonts, found in abundance today, were used to help in digestion of the much larger ancient "conodont animal". One must wonder, though, whether this is a correct deduction for several more disc-shaped creatures have been fotmd and, in some, the conodonts are randomly distributed. What this would mean is that instead of the disc-shaped creature being the "conodont animal", it could have been the "conodont eater". 'Jbe debate is still raging as to which of these two deductions is correct . With this final food for thought, those in attendance were invited to come up front and see actual specimens of conodonts through microscopes . Large sized models were also provided to help one comprehend their main distinguishing characteristics . A great amotmt of knowledge was received by the audience and a big thanks goes to Dr. Joseph J . Kohut for his articulate lecture. FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL BANQUET SALUTl!S BICD'l'ENlfIAL, lfOD'NS' YEAR

By .llaroy Hertzaark The eYening of .llarch 12, 1976, at PSU'e Saith Keaorial Center Ballroom, was definitely one to remember. Banquet Chairperson Ibyllis Bonebrake deftly organ- . ized the eTent ae well ae creating the indiTidual place pieces, with the help of husband John, and Kathy Caselton. Lloyd Wilcox, Jlarcy Hertzaark and Dorothy Waiete executed the prograas most ably. The tine display of geologic materials was organized by Donald Turner and . ihe contributing aeabere. Hoste and Hostesses Ruth Goldson, Charlene and •ilbert Holzwarth, Viola and Louie Oberson, and Margaret Steere were aoet helpful in greeting those •embers an~ friend!! who attended the banquet and locating table seating. Outgoing President John Bonebrake deliTered a short welcoming address and introduced the Rev. Karl A. Bach, who then gaTe an invocation to the event. Hext to be introduced was 11&8ter of Cereaoniee, Leonard ·Delano, who, in turn, presented the aembers at the head table.

..

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER APRIL 1976

41

lfr. Bonebrake then proceeded to giTe his farewell address during which he praised the Society for honoring International Women.a' Year by electing its firat woman president, Opal Helfrich. hid applause and beams, Opal adn.nced to the lectern to receiTe the traditional symbols of office and to deliTer her inaugural address. IPollowing thie, ;wr. Bonebrake returned to the spotlight to start a new "tradition" by calling every officer who serTed with him plue all the colllli.ttee chairpeople and their aasistants for their contributione to the Society to the front of the hall to receiTe certificates of appreciation. Bach certificate had the recipient's name calligraphed by William 1reer. In a Tery moTing speech, lfr. Bonebrake announced that Viola Oberson had been aa4e a Fellow of the Society for her four yeara of effort as editor of the G:IOLOGICJ.L IBISLBTTBR. Kre. Oberson receiTed a standing ovation when she adT&nced to receive her certificate and give her acceptance speech.

Pollowing an interaission, R. E. (Andy) Corcoran, State Geologist, delighted with a lecture and elides on "Early-Day llining Activities in Oregon." He said that he felt that the as.in point of hie reeearch and subsequent lecture was that Oregon gets its economic beginning fro• the gold mining activity. We were told that the firat discoTery of gold in Oregon wae the "Lost Blue Bucket lline" which receiTed its n&11e when some children picked up the gold nuggeets and put thea in a blue bucket and they were not discovered until eeTeral weeks later. The aain aining aethod was the sluice box ae the equipment for underground aining had not been perfected yet. Kr. Corcoran described the town of .Auburn in eastern Oregon as being the second largest city in Oregon, next to Portland, in the 1840's and showed ue a slide of the now abandoned site, Tirtually nothing left of a town which boasted 5,000 people. It has been estimated that Oregon produced over 1200 aillion at 160 an ounce, although it is difficult to be accurate since quite a bit of the gold wae aoTed to California and counted as being lllined in that state. He mentioned that the First National Bank in Baker hUJ a good display of gold nuggets and materials from : the gold rush era. Jlr. Corcoran cited Kr. Miles Potter as his main source for information and elides. WI

lfusic was next on the agenda as Dr. Arthur Jones led us in "Land of the Fossil Hunters," and we were treated to a seleotionJby the Merle Helfrich Ensemble, consisting of Mildred Washburn, Lillian Miller, Reba Wilcox, Opal Helfrich·, Wally McClung, Dr. Jones, Dr. Karl Bach and Merle at the piano. "My Pet Rock," composed by Dr. Arthur Jones, was ably sung to the tune of "My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean." In honor of our country's Bicentennial, the Past President's Panel (p3) presented us with one minute's worth of highlights from their respectiTe administrations. Those present included Clarence Phillipe (1936), Kenneth Phillipe (1941), Dr. John Kliot Allen (1946), Arthur Jones, M.D. (1947), Leo Simon (1949), Albert Keen (1954), Dr. :rr&ncis Gilchrist (1956), John H&111JDond, D.M.D. (1961), Leonard Delano (1962), Lloyd Wilcox (1966), Ralph Mason (1967), Wallace Mcclung (1969), Louis Obereon (1970), Archie Strong (1971), F. McNeal Fahrion (1972), George Malin Sr. (1973), Clair Stahl (1974), and John Bonebrake (1975)~. It waa indeed a deed we.11 done!!! An interesting film, "The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes" was shown and delighted ue all with its catchy narrative. Those of us on the last President's Caapout might haTe remembered seeing it during one of our field tripe while in the Olympics. It was just as informative the second time around!

That slippery fellow "Time" got by us again and with many warm farewelle, the banquet was retired until next year.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER APRIL 1976

42

PR!SIDDT' S l".ARBIKLL ADDRESS

By John H. Bonebrake Tonight I co11plete ay term of office as your president. I could.

I haTe serTed the beet

A few points as to the origin of this society night be of interest to you. In the Articles of Incorporation, it states that in 1936, we were organised and registered with ·the State ae the "Geological Society of the Oregon Country." Th.ere were eight names subscribed on that original docuaent. One of them, Kenneth Phillipe, is here tonight. Others were Dr. Bdwin Hodge, A. F .. Pratt, Lillian Neff, A. D. Vance, Barney McNab, Tracy Wade and William McKenzie. These were not the only persons involTed. There were a sizable number of "Charter Jle11bersll who aa.de up the group •eeting ·together in 1935. In so registering with the State we becaae a formally organiEed society as our name implies. That ' aakes 42 years that we have been in- existence. It seeu appropriate that I repeat some of the reMOM for our existence ae listed in the docwaent. They ares 1. 2.

3.

4.

To provide facilities for the study of Geology. To establish a Library of Geological work8,aape and specimens. The encourageaent of Geologic~l study among Sll&teurs. The proaotion of better acquaintance and association between those interested in these features just mentioned, and othere.

Thus we haTe a worthwhile and dedicated heritage to 11aintain. I belieTe that in the past year we have successfully promoted the study and .interest in Geology as detf'l'Tained by Dr. Hodge as ·11sted therein. Initially the inauguration of a president of our society included a series of questions and answers to proTe his, or her, qualifications to serTe. We haTe gotten away froa .such a feature in our prograns. An example of the questions wast 1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

I

aJD

What is the definition of geology? What are the aain diTisions of the geologic ti•e schedule? What are soae of the principal divisions of geology? What are soae of the geological features of Oregon? Who was Dr. Tholll&S Condon? •••• and other questions.

of the opinion such quizzing should be re-initiated--but not tonight.

In the past year we haTe had a number of goals. They have been considered though not always accoaplished. We have had eight BxecutiTe Board meetinga. Board meetings have been objective and most outspoken. They ehould be no other way. It seell.l!I like it has been a short year. With respect and humility I do appreciate haTing been per11itted to serTe as your president. Looking in reverse, I am &Jl8.zed at the willingness of numerous of our 11e11bers to carry on the work of the Society. Tonight I &Jll going to initiate something that has not been done in the past, and it will not necessarily be carried on in the .f'utllre. It is ay pleasure to award Certificates of Appreciation to the chair11en of all collllittees and their assistants, to ·the meabers of the Executive Board, and a few othere.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER APRIL 1976

43

INAUGURAL ADn'RESS O'Pal M. Helfrich Thil!I evening I should like to discuss vith you a. species wioh a.s yet has not been 'Widely recognized and a.bout wicb there is some question as to ho~ it should be classified. Its habitat seeme to be located l'%"1'1'1'oally in the W'illS!llette Valley, although rather sizable tlockl!I are knovn to nest in Vancouver and east of the Caeca.dee. 1fe1ther the Ooluabie. RiTer nor the JIOU!ltaine appear to be a barrier to itl!I 8l)J"ead to other areas. .It bas been eeen &l!!!I tar as Alaska to the north, Virginia to the east, Calif'omia to the south, and the coastal region of Oregon to the \Met. Id.e ntification of the members of this grott'P has been difficult doe to lack: of characteristic markings, dze, y,1Ulll8p or coloring. The female, contrary to most trpeciee, a'P'f'8ars to be the more ~lorf'al.. At times they can be identified by m e)'9 ring, Which on closer inspection a'PP&a.rs to be a· B'f'!'Cial lens wich enables them to sJ)Ot their quarry. They ean be Been sewrsl. timee a month nocldq to empty room in the dovntown area, 'Where they are euily attracted to feeding stations. Like the houee tinch and English sparrov, they se• to be able to coexist vith ci•ilbation, although it is noted that they seflll to eJlhibit a nref'erence for rocky outcropJ>inga avay trcm human habitation. Fe.oh 8UllBer they migrate for a short period of thle to some secluded lll)Ot in the mmmtains, desert or at the seashore. Arter dark they can be attracted to the light or an open tire. This is the time wen their song ia moat often heard. Since the einging tahe place e.tter dark, ac.e have thongbt they might be classed vi.th the nightingsl.es, but this theory does not hold up wll, since n!ghtingalea seem to be confined to Eu~. A careM. monitoring or their song indicates they are capable or en extremely vide variety or song, and acne have therefore concluded they are related to the mockingbird.

Because or the n8Jlle they are comonl.y know by, one muet be carefttl not to cont'Use them vi.th 1!Ul-pwckere, a variety or voodpecbr, ainoe they are rockpeckers. Nor are they to be contueed with goatwobra, althougb at tilllea their behavior mipt lead to the emcluaion that they belong to the common nighthawk ot ~is ~· The other school or thought holds that they ehmild be clueed-With the Ranonoide, end prel')Orlderanoe of evidence both taxoncm:lcally and culturally ~rt this view. My close observation and association vith the group leads me to conour.

I have of'ten J)O!ldered as to 'What attracts individuals f'rm such a wide . variety or baokg!tounds to the Geological Society of the Orep Country. In conversation with other members, the reasons most of'ten cited are their f'riendl.ineas, intelligence, native curiosity, and aoet of all their love of all the natural scienoes. ·we are moat blessed to have among our member!!! a great many professional geologists \Ibo impart a sound scientific base, ~ich coupled with the enthusiasm of the amateur, makes ours the outstanding group it is.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER APRIL' 1976

44

The SUC09S8 Of any organization is dependant Ul)O?l the wrk Of uny ""1lling bands, minds and hearts, with which our society is bomlti.Mly blessed. I am sure this ie a Yery important factor in our celebration of forty years together. When cont!lidering tha officers you have elected end the chairmen of the Yarious committees \Alo have agreed to serve, the coming yesr seems to 'f !ull of promise. I am very buable 8!ld proud to have been asked to serve as your president. Vi.th the moat abundant minerB.1 th.at exists on this earth, and without which life on this -planet would not be l)Oaeible, I should like to to&st the grandest group, the salt of the earth, the G-sockere.

NEW GSOCers Bargar, Joe L.

252-6o2.3

Joe is a civil engineer, retired from the Corps ot Engineers. His interests are foundations and materials, photography, native plants. He is sponsored by Vincent Kggleston.

Andresen, Dave & Nancy 4765 SW 180 Avenue Aloha, Oregon 97005

649..6470

Dave is employed by Tektronix, Inc. Dave and Nancy have tour children-Stephan, Kristi, Mark and Karen. Their interests are geology and "getting out in the open." Ray and Elaine Kinsman are their sponsors.

1.3239 NE SacraJl9nto St. Portland, Oregon 972-:JJ

Hearn, John P. &Madeline 771-774.3 7631 SE Raymond Street Portland, Oregon 97206

Joseph Beemer told John about the GSOC. He attended out" banquet and joined ws officially. He is interested in geology, agate hunting and gardening.

Kirscht, Leo & Dorothy A. 635-3153 2945 Dellwood Drive Lake Oswego, Oregon 97034 Romans, Paul B. & Diane C.287.. 9280 2324 NE 36 Avenue

Leo works at Pacific Power. George Huster is the sponsoring mamber.

Portland, Oregon 97212 Wells, Judy 1332 NE 21 Avenue, #8 Portland, Oregon 97232

Paul teaches science at Jackson High. Paul and Diane are parents of Becky, Kirk, Jeff and Scott. Their interests are fossil lmnting and general outdoors. Don Barr is their sponsor.

282-7500 Judy is interested in volcanology. Cynthia M. Drayer is her sponsor.

---DRW NEW ADDRESSES Bellarts, Lawrence J. & Stella B. 17915 SE Vogel Road Boring, Oregon 97009 Moffit, Donald C. & Grace H. 3210 Highway 34 Waldp9rt, Oregon 97394

Sachtler, Harry H. 931 SE 50 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97215 Wattenbarger, Donald C. ~ Carolyn K. 119)9 SE 67 Avenue Milwaukie, Oregon 97222

THIS MIGHT BE THE LAST NEWSL~TTER YOU WILL REC.~rvE if your dues are in arrears. (Art. III, Sec. 5 of the by-laws). Please send paynent now or at least notify the secretary (235-4320) of your i ntention to renew membership.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

45

APRIL 1976

LUNCHBON HIGHLIGHTS :By Willi&.11 II. Freer The Society'I! popnlar Thun1day Luncheon programs in the downtown YJICA's Mountain Room continue to maintain their high level of quality which continues to attract audiences of from 40 to 60 people eTery weeko For instance, at the February 19 Luncheon our old friend, HUGH OWEN, gave us a dramatically graphic description of "London Du.ring the :Blitz" during the late lamented trouble of 1939 to 1945. Warsaw and Rotterdam had been reduced to rubble, and London resignedly awaited whatever fate heid in store for it. It waited, and waited, and waited. Finally c8.Jlle the :Battle of :Britain, and after that the :Blitz began -- ninety days of constant bombing from fire bombs, buzz bombs, delayed-action bombs,. and worst of all, 1100 V-2 rockets. :But damaged as it WBJ!I London -•urvived nicely -- compared to 118.!lY other cities. It was sand by the !'Jlender but intrepid :British Air Poree, about .:irhom Winston Churchill pronounced the deathless dictUJI that "Never in the history of mankind have 80 many owed so mu.oh to so few!" Hugh himl!elf had a most interesting and responsible assignment during the :Blitz. He was the architect in charge of damage control for the .Houses of Pa.rli&11ent, :Buckingham Pa.lace, St. Jaaes' Palace, Clarence House ·and Marlborough House, the home of the Queen llother Mary. He was in charge of provisions for the safety of the Ro_ya.l Faaily. We are happy to report to you that Hugh is retired as of March 16, and that he is happy in looking forward to fresh and exciting ne• - ~hallenges, and we congratulate him! IRMA GREIS.EL gave the February 26 Luncheon an elegant program whea she spoke to it 012 the "Archaeology of Classieal Greece." Irma, who is a teacher and the author of "Investigating Our Eco System" is a polished lecturer, and her co11mentar1 together with excellent slides gave us an illuminating glimpse of the culture of ancient Greece from about 2000 to 400 B.C. Included among others were scenes of the agora -- the market place -- and the Acropolis in Athens, the theaters at Epidarus and Delphi with their perfect acoustics, · the Lion's Head, and the temples of Apollo, Athena and Hera (Juno), mother of the gods. This excellent exposition was laced together with enough Grecian geology to make it a perfect example for a Thursday Luncheon program. At the March 4 Luncheon LLOYD WILCOX gave ue· a brief · but concise picture of the "Geology of the Dry Falls Area" of the Grand Coulee in. Eastern Washington. Lloyd, who has made himself something of a specialist o! this fantastic feature, s1stematicall1 outlined the complex history, according to J. Harlan Bretz, of the greatest torrent there is any record of the world having kDown. Two gigantic falls, one of Boo feet and the other of 400 feet, over which .flowed the volume of 700 Niagaraa to carve the Grand Coulee a couple of million year• ago. We went to Iran with BOB GAMER to look into the "Groundwater Geology of the Karkheh River Basin" at the March 11 Luncheon. Bob had a job over there inspecting tube well development for irrigation for the Development and Resources Corporation, and we were more than glad to help him. But first, like the good host he is, he showed us around Iran to make ue feel more at home. We visited the storied Vale of Kashmir, and the imposing ruins of ancient Persepolis; the tomb of Esther, and various mosques and ruins and caravansaries. This vas a good trip and a well conducted one!

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER APRIL 1976

46

tEWS OF MEt.eERS By Lloyd A. Wilcox 7

Elsewhere in this issue you will find a complete r~port of the activities that together made-ou~ annual banquet the success it always is, but since it is one of the big events of the year for OFS and, more importantly, I need material for this column, I will risk duplication of MA~CY'S work to make some co1T111ent of my own. Unfortunately, for me, I was tied down to a sales table in the exhibit hall during the free time and could, therefore, only garner tidbits as they wandered past "'t table. I am sure that I saw DR. and lilfi~. Vl'l-t lT W iEF\ of Tacoma in the crowd. If so, my string stretched out acros~ the map awarded them the distance honors for this year. Unless we consider DR. JOHN ALLEN and 1#\P.GAf-.ET as citizens of Reno. But why should we subtract from the total value of Oregon, two of her finer citizens? They were just on loan to Nevada. JOHN has completed his contract with the Nevada Bureau of Mines as a research geologist and is back home in · Portland, foot loose and fancy free until August when he and MARGAf<.ET wi 11 fly to Australia and New Zealand for six weeks to attend the International Geological Congress. JOHN announced that the ruby red plagioclase crystal owned by ~uincy Howell, brother of PAUL HO~ELL, has been sold, and true to his promise, ~uincy has donated the proceeds of the sale to the Paul Howell M emorial Fund at Portland State University. The amount of the sale, ,.aooo.oo, substantially i~ creases the balance of somewhat over ~2000.00 existant. The interest from this fund, as you all know, helps to underwrite the cost of field work for graduate students in the earth sciences. This fund is still growing and gratefully encourages your participation. Donations can be ma.de in the name of PAUL, FF:ED I-Id LLEF\ , GEDnGE ~,A LT E~, indeed, any of our former meni>er s now deceased. ~OWENA HOVEN journeyed up from Springfield to join us in our celebration, spending the weekend v. i th W\f<.GAr.ET STEERE.

The exhibits on the whole were terrific. I was most impressed with the beautiful photos of campout country displayed by KATHY CA~ ELTON. They were professional quality portraits in the true sense of the word. BRICE and MILDFIED WASHBUF.N displayed a beautiful case of mixed lapidary featuring choice Oregon material. CL}.lh 5TAHL's shell exhibit, ARCHIE STRONG's display of minerals and LEO Sllv.ON's table full of fossils were outsta nding. As was the beautiful array of "local opal" shown by COL. L}.WSON. Donald Cook displayed a full portfolio of color shots of our campout at Crescent Beach. The Pet Rock tabl e, I understand, turned in a tidy prof it. What constitutes a tidy prof it I do not know. Never having had such an item at a previous banquet, there is nothine to judge by so any return at all may be considered a tidy profit. No? For my part, I have b_een cracking Keasey concretions for years looking for crabs with no success. So it was with great delight that I was able to purchase my very own Zenthopsis Vulearis, once more ~azing at the world after a twenty odd million year rest in his o~n private ball room. DOUG BUSHEK writes from coldest Alaska (-30) telling of his recent experiences and what occupies his thoughts and time while serving out his enlistment in our frozen northland. DOUG's letters are most interesting. I wish that space permitted us the opportunity to print one of them in its entirety. I think I will .Q~vote this column to one of his letters someday. So be careful what you say from now on DuUGI BCB ViA l!:.TE sez: The big r ock said to the littl e rock, a little boulder and move closer~"

11

V 1hy don't you get

President John Bonebrake making his farewell address.

Andy Corcoran opening the speech of the evening with a joke.

Master of Ceremonies Leonard Delano and President Opal Helfrich enjoying the transfer of some of the official regalia.

CHARTER MEMBERS: Kenneth Phillips Louis Oberson Harri Jennison Dr. Arthur Jones Ruth Schminky Leo Simon Mildred Phillips Clarence Phillips

PAST PRESIDENTS: Back Row: John Bonebrake, McNeal Fahrion, Leonard Delano, Dr. John Allen, Lloyd Wilcox, Al Keen, George Malin, Archie Strong, Dr. John Hammond , Irv Ewen Front Row: Dr. Arthur Jones, Wallace McClung, Leo Simon, Dr. Francis Gilchrist, Clarence Phillips and Louis Oberson

EDITORS: Dr. John Allen, Irv Ewen, Dr. Francis Gilchrist , Viola Oberson, Geraldine Flagle, William Freer

Interested viewers of exhibits

•

Margaret Steere, Leo Simon, Laurette Kenney and Dale McKeraghan look on as Phyllis Bonebrake presents certificate to Bill Freer.

r

Merle Helfrich Ensemble doing their thing.

MAY

1~16

~ lE g [L ll ~ ~re ffi\l

[NHE\Wl~ l ~LI tr rE ~ '

~ [E IEJJ[L D ~ ~ Lb~[L ~[OJ IT:~ ~UV ~r~H~ g~~~ [Q][NJ

[b[Q]LU)[NJ IJ~V

P.O. BOX 8579 PORTLAND, OREGON 97207 Return Postage Guaranteed Non-Profit Orq. U.S. POSTAGE.

PA'D

Port lo.f'\d,Otegon Pe:rmi-l No. 999 Rat. of OI'egoa

0 ot

a)

Dept. of Geology ! llael'al Iadast, 10&9 State Off ice Bldg. Portland,.Ore. 97201

GEOIOOICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1976-1977 PDMINISTRATION

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Opal M. Helfrich

251 NE 133

~venue

Portland, Oregon 97230 Vice President Norman A. Hessel 1665 SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 Secretary Dorothy R. Waiste 133 SE 27 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth 2524 NE 34 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97212

Directors

253-7446

236-786o

235-4320

284-3444

t1ll1~ M. Miller (3 years) Vincent J. Eggleston (2 years) Emily L. Delano (1 year) Immediate Past Presidents John H. Bonebrake Clair F. Stahl

GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER Editor Margaret R. Howell Assistant Editor Marcy Hertzmark Business Manager Lloyd A. Wilcox

771-6154 253-6741 236-2139 289-8597 281-2220

244-5728 288-3347 636-6594

ACTIVITIES CHAIRMEN Earth Science Study Hellis and Margaret Orem Field Trips George E. Malin Sr. Historian Lillian M. Miller Hospitality Lynn E. Malin Lectures Norman A. Hessel Librarian Kathleen Caselton Luncheons Ieo F. Simon Luncheon Programs Laurette W. Kenney

234-2650 65$-10$1 771-6154 6$5-1051 2J6-786o 252-4870 236-0549

Membership Ruth A. Goldson Properties Robert Waiste Publications Lloyd A. Wilcox Publicity Marcy Hertzmark Telephone L. ~llen Fahrion Transportation Rosina F. Higdon Past Presidents' Panel Jolm H. Bonebrake

244-2600 235-4320 6)6-6594 288-3347 ...

244-2778

2$4-B25S 289-8597

775-5697 ACTIVITIES

LECTURES: Second and fourth Fridays, 8:00 p.m., Room 53, Cramer Hall, Portland State University, SW Broadw~y at Mill Street. FIELD TRIPS: Usually one per month, via private CAr, caravan or chartered bus. EARTH SCIENCE STUDY: Third Tuesday, except June, July, August, 8:00 p.m., R~nm 17, Cramer Hall. Library, Room S7, open at 7:00 o.rn. for browsing. LUNCHEONS: Every Thur~day nqon, exceot holidays. Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA, SW Taylor at Sixth Avenae1 Br~wn bag, Or ~nacks and beverDges available. ANNUAL EVENTS> President's Campout - summer. Picnic - 4ugust. Banquet - March. PUBLICATION: The Geologic!! Newsletter, published once each m.Unth and mailed to each ~mbership. Subscriptions available to libraries and organizations at $5.00 a year. Single copies, So cents.

..

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935 MAY1976

VOL 42, NO. 5

CALENDAR OF AC'l'IVITIBS May 14 Friday

Lecture - Cramer Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8:00 p.m.

GEOLOGY AND ARCHEOLOGY OF THB CENTRAL SAHARA Speaker:

I'

May 18 Tuesday

Andrew B. Smith, Anthropologist

Earth Science Study - Cramer Hall, Room 17, PSU, 8:00 p.m.

FOSSILS FOR B:g}INNERS Leader: Clair F. Stahl GSOC Library open at 7:00 p.m. - Kathy Caselton, Librarian

May 22 Saturday

Field Trip: Saddle Mountain Purpose: Guided tour to the top of the mountain to study the marine geology so aptly exposed. There also will be condupted short tours for those who don't wish to climb to view the flora, scenery , and any fauna that might appear. Leaders: Vincent Eggleston and Louis Oberson Time and place: Take Sunset Highway west to Saddle Mountain State Park - about 70 miles from Portland. Meet at 10:00 a.m. Bring lunches.

May 28

Lecture - Cramer Hall , Room 53, PSU, 8:00 p.m. ND ZEALAND'S TWO ISLANDS (Illustrated) Speaker: Margaret L. Orem

LUNCHEONS 11lursdays at noon, Mo\Dltain Room, Downtown YMCA, s. W. Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Soup, hot sandwiches, fruit and drinks available.

..

May 6

COLLECf ING HERKIMER DIAMONDS Speaker: John Rex Morrison , Supervising Engineer, retired, Eastman Kodak Co.

May 13

PICTURESQUE JOHN DAY COUNTRY Speaker: Leo F. Simon, Photographer.

May 20

MAYAN RUINS ON YUCATAN PENNINSULA Speakers : Arthur Hansen, Printer, retired, and Lewis Bishoff, Salesman, retired, Eastman Kodak Co .

May 27

GEOLOGICAL GLIMPSES OF MANITOBA, CANADA Speaker: Dr. Ruth Hopson Keen, Professor of General Science, retired .

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER MAY 1976

48

POSSIBILITY OF MOUNT BAKER ERUPTION NOW "LESS LIKELY" Although Mount Baker in northern Washington continues to emit large amounts of steam, U. S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, scientists today said that the chance of an eruption and major mudflow or avalanche now seems less likely than was estimated i n mid-1975. While stressing the uncertainty of such estimates, a statement issued in June 1975 by USGS scientists warned that the increased thermal activity probably indicated a ten-fold increase in the likelihood that a large and destructive mudflow or avalanche might be generated on the slopes of Mount Baker in 1975. A chief concern at that time was that the volcano was building toward an eruption, and such a situation would have posed a significant hazard to the surrounding area.

'

Because of these increased hazard estimates, public access to some areas near Mount Baker has been restricted by the U.S. Forest Service and the Puget Sound Power and Light Company since June 1975. Dr. Richard S. Fiske, geologist and Chief of the Office of Geochemistry and Geophysics, USGS National Center, Reston, Va., recounted that, "In the summer of 1975, the Survey, in collaboration with the University of Washington, intensified a program of geological, geophysical, geochemical, and hydrological ' monitoring of Mount Baker. Despite the increased steaming, however, our monitoring activities during the past eight months have been unable to detect any of the geological 'warning signals' usually associated with impending eruptions. "For example, seismic and ground deformation measurements made since last July have produced no evidence that magma is rising into the 'plumbing system' beneath the volcano," he said. "As a result," the USGS spokesman said, "we now conclude that an eruption is not imminent and possibly is no more likely than it was before the increased steuing began.

"Because of the lack of evidence that the volcano is building toward an eruption," Fiske said, "the chance that a large avalanche or lttldflow will be triggered by a steam explosion or some other volcanic event in the near future also seems lessened. "Even this lower level of probability implies a certain degree of potential hazard," Fiske said, "but the hazard is one that existed prior to March 1975, although its nature was probably not recognized by the public or agencies responsible for land management." If the present level of thermal activity has not significantly increased by June 1976, and if the volcano continues to show no signs of an impending eruption, the USGS plans to reduce its current intensive monitoring program on June 30, 1976. "We still think it advisable, however, to continue periodic visual observations and to maintain some seismic and ground-deformation measurements," Fiske said. "This lower level 'volcano watch' should be continued as long as the present increased thermal activity persists•: he concluded. U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, release dtd. April 6, 1976.

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THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

49

MAY 1976

MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL MEETING February 27, 1976 The annual meeting of the Geological Society of the Oregon Country was ca1led to order at 8:00 p.m. by President John Bonebrake in Cramer Hall, Portland State University. Approximately 60 members were present. Following introduction of guests and the usual annotmcements by activities chairmen, the annual reports were made and copies placed on file with these minutes. President John Bonebrake reported on activities of the past year. Vice President Opal Helfrich mentioned subjects covered by lectures and the annual picnic at Hoyt Arboretum. The secretary, Dorothy Waiste, reported that ballots, of which 93 had been returned, were opened just prior to the call to order and were counted by Truman Murphy and Neal Fahrion. The ma.jori ty of votes ware cast for the candidates named by the nominating committee and the following were elected: Pr~sident, ~al M. Helfrich; Vice President, Norman A. Hessel; Secretary, Dorothy R. Waiste; Treasurer, Milbert M. Holzwarth; Member-at-large (3 years), Lillian M. Miller; Edi tor, Margaret R. Howell. Total me11bership as of this date is 267 (414 1111!UDbers), a net loss of two memberships si nce last year. Treasurer's report for the fiscal year shows income (excluding banquet) of

$3156.0J and expenses of $2864.13. (Income shows more than actual because of overlapping of late payment of 1915 dues and early payment of 1976 dues.) (Report by Milbert Holzwarth.) Editor Viola Oberson reported that newsletter costs totaled $1857.28, with a balance of $2.72 on hand. She also expressed appreciation to all who had contributed in some way toward publication of the newsletter. As historian, she reported on the book of the presidents, the press book, and the memorial record book. Shirley 0 1 .Dell's librarian's report makes mention of income from fines and sales and expenditures for binding and miscellaneous supplies, and urges that more members make use of the library. Book Purchasing Chairman Louis Oberson listed books ordered for the library this year. Norman Sessel mentioned topics discussed at Earth Science Seminar. Field Trips chairman Don Turner stated t hat there had been eleven field trips. Ruth Goldson, Membership chairman, reported 93 visitors at lectures and 33 new and reinstated memberships during the year. Hospitality chairman Effie Hall named those who had assisted during the year and expressed appreci ation for their efforts and donati ons of cookies. Leo Simon, Luncheons, reported that 2552 members and visitors had attended during the year 1975. Laurette Kenney, Luncheon Programs, itemized income and expenses, mostly for guest speakers' lunches. Lloyd Wilcox, Publi cations, reported that the only item handled was printing of the banquet progrillllS, accounting for which is included in the banquet report. Publicity chairman Arthur Hansen reported that publicity has been carried by Portland's two daily and three weekly newspapers and TV channels 2 and 8. Don Campbell, Transportation, mentioned cooperation of members in arranging for rides. Ellen Fahrion gave the report of the Telephone Committee. Karl Bock, Properties, thanked those who substituted for him during his absence.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER MAY1976

50

After introduction of the new off ice rs, the business meeting was adjourned at 9:00 p.m., to be followed by viewing of the motion picture "Evidence for tbe Ice Age."

PROPOSED BUOOET

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS and DISBURSEME;NTS March 1, 1975 to Feb. 29, 1976

1976-77 Projected Income Dues

Newsletter (Sales, subscr.) OKSB Interest (Switch acct.) Miscellaneous

$2300 200

45 55 $26oO

Expenditures Newsletter Rent PSU Rent PO Box Bonds, Insurance Administrative Expenses Campout Pll.blicity Membership Membership Awards Picnic Programs Library Historian Corporation License Membership Roster

Books Misc., Contingencies

$146o 261 40 105 150 100 10 15 70 20 25 25 10

'

50

50

204

$2600

RECYCLE YOUR NEWSLETTERS The Society has use for any you do not wish to keep. We have particular need at this time for issues of Jan. and Feb. 1975 and Feb. 1976. Call Lloyd Wilcox, 636-6594.

Receipts Dues $2749.89 Interest - CY.SB 32.10 Sale of old printed matter 10.00 Campout (see Disbursements) 52.00 Newsletter contribution 50.00 20.00 other contributions Hospitality 10.00 Earth Sc. Sem. Hospitality 8.10 Library 17.63 Newsletter Sales, subscriptions 205.11

$3156.03

Disbursements Rent, PSU 298.00 Newsletter 1975-76 1857.28 1976-77 79.10 Administrative Expense 83.92 PO Box Rent 59.20 Corporation License Fee 5.00 Insurance, Bonds 255.00 Historian lJ.72 Dues refunds 5.00 Batteries for Speaker's Stand 3.99 Membership Roster 23.88 Newsletter Subscription refunds 5.00 Newsletter check collect. chg. .50 Campout (see Receipts ) 152.00 Membership 17.$0 Publicity 10.04 Library 6.oo GEOTIMES subscription 9.00

$2884.13

Funds available for Current Expense: March 1 1 1975 - U. S. Bank $1715.89 Feb. 29, 1976 - u. s. Banlc 501. 74 Ore. Mut. Sav'gs 1732.70 2234.44 Far West Federal Savings: March 1, 1975 Interest income February 29, 1976

3960.57 213.48

$4114.os

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THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER MAY1976

51

EAR1ll SCIENCE SEMINAR By C. T. L. Murphy Sponsor Norman Hessel opened his March 16th session by presenting his discussion leader, Susan Bee. Susan was well-known to the class from previous lectures. One of the ablest tecnicians to address the seminar, she is a geology major at Portland State. Her subject was Beginners Crystalography. She had many natural specimens to illustrate her points but, in addition, showed large hand-sculptured models of her own design and manufacture. These transparent models were threaded with bright colored string in each of its axis to actuate the faces of the crystal. The identity of a crystal, she said, begins with the axis, and she proceeded to illustrate, starting with

A. the cubic system, an isometric crystal with three axes identical as halite, galena, pyrite and fluorite. B. a tetragonal system with two axes of equal length but the third at variance such as calcopyrite, idocrase, zircon and scheelite. C. the orthoclase system of three axes of 90 degree angles but with three different lengths, including sulphur and barite. D. a monoclynic (single in cline) system with two 90 degree axes and one axis that varies, generally of different lengths represented in gypsum and orthoclase.

E. triclinic with all axes at different angles as represented in turquoise, albite, rhodonite and man - made blue vitrol. F. a hexagonal system with one vertical axis and three horizontal axes as in quartz, apatite, dolomite and conmdum. During her lecture Sue had excellent support from Geneva Hessel and Opal Helfrich and from Phyllis Neff, an associate from the \D'\iversity. A society member making his first visit to 'the seminar was Bert Gillett. This program of technical studies of geology is an education rather than a travelogue and appeals to those who wish to improve their knowledge of the science. Librarian Kathleen Caselton issued books.

Geneva Hessel's coffee hour had

full support.

PRZSIDENT 1 S CAMPOUT Plans are being made to hold the carnpout the last week of July (July 24August 1) at the IOOF campground on Paulina Lake (Newberry Crater) in Central Oregon. The lake i s approximately 40 miles south and east of Bend, at an elevation of 6300 f eet.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

52

MAY1976

Preliminary information indicates that the campground is forested, with sites for camps and campers. There is no pi?ed water; you caITY your own from the pump. There is electricity, but only for light use. Do not plan to use el9ctric heaters or hot plates. There may be some outdoor cooking si tes, but you will have to furnish your own wood. If the winter snow has not damaged it, there is a large building with a f i replace where we can holj our group activities. There wi ll be a reasonable daily charge for camp si tes. There are older housekeeping cabins, small stores and restaurants at both Paulina and &ast Lake Resorts, two or three miles from the campground. There are Forest Service campgrounds on the shores of the lakes, one with piped water. There is a trailer park on Highway 97 at the Pauli na Lake junction (elevation 4300 feet}. There are two or three motels in LaPi.ne (about 20 miles from camp) but only two units with kitchen faci l i ties. LaPine has stores, restaurants, garages, post office, bank, and other facilities. Ellen Fahrion (244-2778) and Alfred Nichols (654-8125) will be able to furnish additional details on accommodations. NEW GSOCers

---DRW

Jones, Roy and Pearl 8390 Wheatland Road, NE Salem, Oregon 97303

393-3494 Pearl is interested in rock and mineral collections and general geology. This is a gift membership from her niece, Opal Helfrich.

Patterson, Mrs. Nora P. O. Box 574 Molalla, Oregon 97038

829-9421 Nora, whose lnlsband was a geologist, is interested in the study of geology. She also is Opal• s aunt, and this membership is a gift.

Sargent, Samuel C. 1824 NE Wasco Street Portlcnd, Oregon 97232

282-7911 Sam is a geologist, retired from the Federal Power Commission. He also has worked for private industry in South America and Asia and for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. He is a former GSOC member--1954-56. He is interested in "lots plus photography." Dan Griswold is his sponsor.

Sturley, Ynez H. 909 SW 12 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97205

Ynez is a volunteer for the Northwest Pilot Project. She has a general interest in geology and in writing. May Dunn is her sponsor.

Vanderlinde, Jerry A. & Thuy 292-5998 Jerry is chainnan of the Art Department at North Dakota State University. Jerry 902 N. 8th Street Fargo, North Dakota 58102 and Thuy have one son, Orion. It was at Jerry's suggestion that his mother, Opal Helfrich, began the study of geology in Ralph Mason's class at PSU. This led to membership and active participation in GSOC, and now to this gift membership for Jerry and Thuy. Eilert, Don and Grace 8621 SW JO Ave., l!pt. 204 Portland, Oregon 97219

245-376o Don is new to our Society, having become a member since hi s recent marriage to GSOCer Grace Scarbrough.

---DRW

-<

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER MAY1976

53

EARTH SCIENCE EXPERTS TO REVIEW PACIFIC NORntWEST GEOLOGY Washington's claim to the world's largest documented flood, geologic hazards in the Gulf of Alaska, the end of the Ice Age in California, a large grot.md-water reservoir in Idaho, and the million-year long history of Clear Lake, California are just a few of the topics being discussed by U.S. Geological Survey scientists attending the 72nd Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, at Washington State University, Pullman, Washington this week (April 5-7, 1976). The USGS scientists are among several ht.mdred earth science specialists from across the cot.mtry who will discuss a wide range of topics related to geology of the Pacific Northwest. Several field studies are also planned in conjt.mction with the meeting, including one to the ''Channeled Scablands" of eastern Washington. The Scablands were carved about 18-20 thousand years ago when glacial Lake Missouli broke through its ice dam and produced what has been called the world's largest documented flood. At its greatest extent, Lake Missouli covered about 3000 square miles and contained about 500 cubic miles of water -- half as much as Lake Michigan today. Some highlights from USGS papers at the meeting: ABOtrr WASHINGTON

* Satellite and aerial photographs of the Channeled Scablands show

giant ripple marks and many other features that still remain from the Ice Age Spokane flood, according to USGS geologist Dr. Paul Weis. Although the flood probably only lasted a few days, marks of the flood are still prominent on the landscape, including deep canyons, mounds of sand and gravel, and ripple marks. Largest of the scabland channels is Grand Coulee, a canyon SO miles long and as much as 900 feet deep.

* Circular rock structures near Odessa, Washington, surrot.mded by rings of lava dikes may have formed when ground water interacted with lava cooling about 12 - 15 million years ago. ABOtrr OREGON

* Fossils found by USGS paleontologists near John Day, Oregon, indicate that mountain building in that area took place several million years later than previously indicated.

ABOUT IDAHO

* Beneath the eastern Snake River plain is a vast grot.mdwater reservoir that contains at least 250 million acre feet (3.1 x 1ollm3) of water, a USGS hydrologist reported.

* The Idaho Batholi th -- a huge mass of granitic rock -- is a geologic puzzle that is just now being solved. It has very old ancestry, but has been thoroughly reworked in the geologically fairly "recent" past the last 70 million years, according to B. F. Leonard, geologist in the Survey's Denver office.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

54

MAY 1976

ABOUT CALIFORNIA

* At Clear Lake, USGS scientists have mapped active faults that may be related to the San Andreas system. One of the faults bounds The Geysers steam field, separating the vapor-dominated steam field (presently the only producing geothermal field in the nation) from hot-water fields to the northeast.

* The end of the Ice Age (Pleistocene epoch), approximately 10,000 years ago, marked an abrupt change in climate of the Sierra Nevada, as indicated by the "moraines" (heaps of clay, sand and gravel) left behind, said Dr. Malcolm Clark .

* Angle of hill slope was more important in determining where landslides will occur than were the scars of earlier landsl i des, according to a study made of southern California landslides by Dr. Douglas Morton.

* Mount Shasta consists of four overlapping cones that formed during a period of more than 100,000 years. The last main eruption was less than a few thousand years ago. Steam vents indicate that the volcano is still cooling, but far from dead, said USGS research Dr. R. L. Christiansen, Menlo Park. ABOtrr ALAS.KA

* Dark and light annual sediment layers (varves) in Skilak Lake, Kenai Peninsula, were contorted by historic Alaskan earthquakes, and provide a "fossil" record of the 'quakes. As beds left by the eruption of Augustine Volcano in 1963 and 1935, as well as ash from earlier eruptions, probably from Augustine and nearby Iliamma Volcano, were also found in cores of the lake beds by geologists John Sims and Michael J. Rymer.

* The Gulf of Alaska is highly 'seismic" (subject to earth tremors).

For this reason, hazards to proposed petroleum operations include active faults, rapid uplift and depression of blocks of the earth's crust, possible tsunamis ('tital waves") , as well as high rates of beach erosion and deposition, and icebergs, among others. Continuous study of these and other dangerous conditions allows planners to select safer sites for petroleum production, said a group of USGS marine geologists.

U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, release dated April 1, 1976.

SOCIETY OF MISCELLANEOUS OREGON GEOSCIENTISTS The Spring meeting of SMOG will be Thursday, May 6 at Randall's Chuck Wagon, 3170 Commercial St., SE, Salam, at 6:45 p.m., buffet dinner, $5.00. The speaker will be P. J. Stephenson of James Cook Uni versi ty, Queensland, Australia, visitin:5 Rs sear ch Associate at the Center for Volcanology, U of o. Subject: Young Basaltic Volcani s ·n in North Queensland and i ts Unusual Mineralogy. Make r es ervations with Ernest H. Lund, Dept. of Geology, U of O,

3ugene, Oregon

97403 before May 4.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

55

MAY 1976

LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS By William M. Freer Our speaker for the March 18 Thursday Luncheon was NEVILLE M. CURTIS, geologist from the Soil Conservation Service, a team-mate of Jasper Holland and a crony of Dan Griswold's. In an illustrated talk he told us about "Recent Erosion in New Mexico" and gave us dramatic illustrations of this very serious ecological problem in our arid areas. He impressed on us the erosional potential of the impact of a single drop of undi!fused rain in this type of country. He blamed a large part of the problem on over-grazing by livestock in places where it takes a square mile to support one head of beef. It would seem that the margin of profit in such areas is not large enough to warrent the damage done to tne terrain, and that stock raising in these areas should be permanently prohibited.

a

•

At the March 25 Luncheon WALLY McCLUNG took us on a brief but refreshing winter vacatioa trip to Tahiti where he and Eleanor spent last Christmas. As you will recall, Tahiti is one of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, a.ad wae the favorite playground of James Michener. Re~mber "Tales of the South Pacific"? Tahiti, Moorea, Huahini and Bora Bora? All those luscious girls? Well, Wally took us to this tropical, exotically beautiful garde~ spot with absolutely superb color shots and running commentary. With Eleanor there we can assume that Wally's conduct was more sedate than Jamee Michener's was, and quite naturally, in the languorous atmosphere of this salubrious climate, no one wanted to go back to work after lunch. The April 1 Luncheon found us on the other side of the world with HAZEL NEWHOUSE in the Indian state of Assam. In the northeast corner of India Assam is snuggled up against Sikkim, Bhutan and Tibet, and the great Brahmaputra River flows down the middle of it from the Himalayas. The world's record rainfall is recorded here at Cherrapunji, which has had 1041.78 inches in a year--twenty-five times as much as we have here in Portland. But it didn't rain while Hazel was there; it just got smoggy. After showing us around the country, she greatly delighted the assemblage by leading a hunt for the white rhinoceros on an enormous elephant. We have known Hazel since she was a_~emure young lady in school-or thought we did. But never, in our wild~st aberrations,would we have predicted an episode like this for her!

•

It seemed most appropriate that in the Lenten season DR. ARTHUR JONES should give the April 8 Luncheon an illustrated pilgrimage through "The Hills of Judea." We explored the country with hia, viewing the land forms, new irrigation systems, and many of the old familiar Biblical scenes--Bethlehem, Nazareth, the River Jordan and the Sea of ualilee, Golgotha and the Mount of Ulives, Christ's tomb, and, of course, the old walled city of Jerusalem. In Biblical times one of the world's large cities, the wall enclosed only eighty-nine acres. Dr. Jones also told us something of the De~d Sea scrolls, and how and where they were found. ARTHUR HANSEN and LEWIS BISCHIDFF took the April 15 Luncheon on a junket from "Mexico City to Vera Cruz" in the first of a two installment journey. The next segment will be from Vera Cruz up into the Yucatan Peninsula to see the Mayan ruins at a future date. We stayed in Mexico City long enough to wonder at this teeming, modern metropolis of seven million people, and saw some excellent shots of its famous museum with the Diego Rivera murals. Afterwards we wended our lei$urely way to Puebla and Vera 'Cruz. Arthur gave the commentary while Lew showed the slidea.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER MAY1976

56

NEWS OF iv.EMBEf-,5 By Lloyd A. Wilcox . . ..

Once upon a time HOLLIS and MARGAF.ET ~EM took a two week vacation trip to New Zealand. Because t heir visit turned out to be such a wonderful occasion, they flew bock again and spent five glorious weeks touring the north and south islands. They returned to the states March 19, r eluctant to l eave t ha t most beautiful country. The LATHROPS , DF.• THEODCF-.E and MAF.JE, are also r ecent returnees, having spent several weeks on a trip to Los Angeles to visit the ir children a nd grand children and then back home through the Arizona desert, Brice Canyon a nd Zion. V. hile in Arizona they visited the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff. It was here that the planet Pluto was discovered. They also visit ed the famous \dnslow Crater, now known as the Berringer Crater, a fter the family that owns the land. The most enjoyable place that they stopped was Walnut Canyon National Observatory, which, along with the Lowell Observatory and the Northern Arizona Museum which features geology and anthropology, are three musts for anyone who visits the Sunshine State. They didn't know how close they were to bumping into DON and DCf\OTHY BARR who are continuing their Odyssey fr om the spring bloom of the Arizona. desert to Grand Canyon, Brice and Zion. A recent card list s rain, snow, des ert sand storms and breakdown of their car. Guess they're having fun. New Prexy, OPAL HE LFRICH, announces that the location of our campout t his year will be on the shores of Paulina Lake in the cauldera of Newberry Cra ter. It will take place the last week of July which, she informs me, will be in the dark of the moon, presenting the Central Oregon heavens at t he ir finest. This is the best country in the world to start your investigation of the fascinating subject of geology. The land is new, rec~ntly formed and easy to read, particularly with the help of the experl-guides that OPAL is arranging to have acco"l>any us on our field trips. Don't miss this campout, anyone. It's go ing to be the finest ever. YFC retired April Fool's Day after 39 years of knocking around on western railroads. Don't know who the joke . is on yet. One of his last official functions was to dine a fellow worker in Klamat h Falls on the occasion of his ~ 5th year of service. On t heir return from this chore, he and F.EBA stopped off at the Sv.eethome F.ock 5hov, wher e t hey enjoyed t he exhi b its a nd talki ng wit h what seemed to be half of our Society. AL and F.UTH l<. EE N Ytere busily a t wor k -j udging the foss il exhibits. Vie wer e very well represented in the viewi ng s ection. M.ich loot made its way back to GSCC homes, my own favorite procurement be ing a beautiful set of oak bookends frorr. 5tinking V1ater. Due t o the expansion of their own facilities, the Earth Science Department of Portland St ate University has reluctantly informed us that it will in all probability be necessary for us to move our library in the very near future. Our Executive Board is wr estling with this problem now and a re open t o a ny workable solutions. What do you have in mind?

..

r..,. ' ·

DOUG Blf- hEK was in Anchorage rec ently t o have his teeth

ti ghtened'! ?'! '!~1

BUB v,AISTE sez: One of the best ways to lose a fri end is t o t ell him something for his own good.

I

'

l~/ti

JUN

~ ~[QJ[L lEJl ~ ~r:b~JL ~[]IT:~~UV [Q]f TH~ ITJ ~ [ ~ [g) (NJ [6 [g] [Ll) (NJ J ~ V P.O. BOX 6579 PORTLAND, OREGON 97207 Ret u.rn Po5tage Guaranteed Non-Profit Orq. U~S.

POSTAGE.

PAID Port lond 0t-egon 1

Per-miiNo. 999 sute '1f <>ngoa Cl ot 21 Dep~. of Geology ! lltnel'al Indust. 1069 State Office Bldg. Portland.Ore. 97201

GEOIOOICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1976-1977 ADMINISTRATION

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Opal M. Helfrich

251 NE 133

~venue

Portland, Oregon 972YJ Vice President Norman A. Hessel 1665 SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 Secretary Dorothy R. Waiste 133 SE 27 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth 2524 NE 34 Avenue Pnrtland, Oregon 97212

253-7446

236-786o

235-4320

284-JW.i4

Directors tillion M. Miller (3 years) Vincent J. Eggleston (2 years) Emily L. Delano (1 year) Immediate Past Presidents John H. Bonebrake Clair F. Stahl GEOLOGICAL NETNSLETTER Editor Margaret R. Howell Assistant Editor Marcy Hertzmark Business Manager Lloyd A. Wilcox

771-6154 253-6741 236-2139 289-8597 281-2220 t

244-5728 268-3347 636-6594

ACTIVITIES CHAIRMEN Earth Science Study Hellis and Margaret Orem Field Trips George E. Malin Sr. Historian Lillian M. Miller Hospitality Lynn E. Malin Lecl.!.Ures Norman A. Hessel Librarian Kathleen Caselton Luncheons Leo F. Simon Luncheon Programs Laurette W. Kenney

234-26.50 655-1051 771-6154 655-lOSl

2J6-786o 252-4870 236-0549

Membership Ruth A. Goldson Properties R(')bert Waiste Publicati!ms Lloyd A. Wilcox Publicity Marcy Hertzmark Telephone L. ~llen Fahrion Transportation Rosina F. Higdon Past Presidents' Panel John H. Bonebrake

244-2600 235-4320 636-6594 286-3.347 244-2778

254-82S5 289-8597

775-5697 ACTIVITIES

LECTURES: Second and fourth Fridays, 8:00 p. m., Room 53, Crarr~r Hall, Portland State University, SW Broadway at Mill Street. FIELD TRIPS: Usually one per month, via privflte cflr, caravan or chartered bus. EARTH SCIENCE STUDY: Third Tuesday, except June, July, August, 8:00 p.m., R~om 17, Cramer Hall. Libr;:iry, Ronm S7, open at 7 :00 o.m. for browsing. LUNCHEONS: Every Thursday' nobn, exceut mlidays. Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA, SW Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Brown bag, or snacks and beverDges available. ANNUAL EVENTS: President.'s Ca~ut - summer. Picnic - 4ugust. Banquet - March. PUBLICATI~: The Geological Newsletter, publ~shed once e ach m6nth and mailed to each membership. Subscriptions available to libraries and organizations at $5.00 a year. Single copi es, So cents.

...

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935 VOL. 42, NO. 6

JUNE 1976

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES

June 11

hiday June

2S

Friday

LECTURE - Cramer Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8100 p.m. MT. BAKER AND OT'rlER CASCADE VOLCANOES Speaker: Dr. Paul E. Hammond, Department of Geology, PSU IECTURE - Craner Hall, Room

53,

PSU, 8:00 p.m.

RECENT MEGATHOUGHTS ON OREGON GEOLCGY Dr. John Eliot Allen, Department of Geology, PSU Next EARTH SCIENCE STUDY September 21.

June 5 Saturday

Field Trip:

North side of Columbia River from The Dal.lea to Arlington. Purpose: Explore the geology of Columbia Canyon east of the Gorge, inspecting the folding and faulting prevalent in that area. The trip 1.s hopefully timed to greet the wild flowers of the prairie country. Meet 9:30 A.M. at The Dalles Dam Viewpoi nt on the NORTH side of The Dalles Bridge (on the Washington side of the bridge opposite The Dalles .J Allow two hours travel tirzie. Total trip length is approximately 260 1ailes. Bring lunch, Rock Hammer, Camera, etc. Sunny weather has been ordered.

LUNCHEONS Thursdays at noon, Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA, s.w. Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Soup, hot sandwiches, fruit and drinks available. June 3

Hal' WATER FOR HEATING PORTLAND Speaker: R. E. (Andy) Corcoran Oregon State Geologist.

June 10

THE MAKING OF FINE AMERICAN CRYSTAL Speaker: John R. Lawler Portland School Teacher.

June

17

June 24

Sikkim and Nepal Speaker: Dorothy D. Scattergood Curator, Retired, Bruckner Museum, Albion, Michigan. BORAX

Speaker:

Dr. Clyde B. Hutt Physician and Surgeon, retired.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER JUNE 1976

58

THE .BONNEVILLE DAM FIELD TRIP Anonymous The weather on the 20th of March might have been more considerate of the field trip, but apparently field trips mean little to the weather, and it da'WUed dark and wet and raw. Nevertheless, eighteen dauntleae souls -- four of whom were guests -- were waiting at the Lloyd Center rendevous at take-off time. The trip to Bonneville Dam, past all those old familiar features that have become dear to our hearts, was uneventful, and we arrived at the Corps of Engineers plush new visitor's een•er on schedule. Here we were greeted by our )guide and protection •~ she is a certified security officer -- personable Mrs. Pat Benson, who showed us around the Corps' attractive new facility which also houses one of the fieh counting stations. Before one of the large glass windows we were mesmerized by the salmon swimming up the fishway. One big one lingered at the window peering out at us for a long time, and we bagan to have the eerie feeling that he waa counting us. Pat eventually coaxed us away f~o• this fascinating feature and took us on a tour of the powerhouse. T~is areat structure over a thousand feet long houses ten giant turbine• together with their generators, which produce 518,400 kw of electricity. When the new powerhouse on the Washington side of the river is put on the line the power from the dam will be more than doubled, producing en.oug:ttf.electrici ty for a city larger than Portland. Pat opened the housing of o•e ~t the turbines and showed us how the complex mechaniem works. Of all the questions we asked her, only one she couldn't answer, and after a disappearance of two minutes she was back with the information. The daa is completely automated and needs only two powerhouse operators per saift to operate all functions. All too soon it was time for us to go, and Pat led our caravan acroea the top of the spillway dam to North Bonneville, 'the site of the new powerhouse, our next destination. At the Corps' headquarters in North Bonneville we were met by our next host, Richard D. MacDonald, who is the project geologist in residence for the new powerhouse. Here he gave u• a brief talk explaining the geology of the aite, the plans and specifications for the new powerhouse, the work in progress, and the problems encountered. Presently the cutoff wall, a concrete barrier two feet thick enclosing the building site, is being poured. This is to keep the water out of the excavation for the powerhouse structure while it is being built. One of the problee in excavating for the cutoff wall is the loose, gravelly material underlying the site, and to surmount thia diffioulty bentonite, a firming agent, is being injected into troublesome places to keep the walls of the trench from sloughing before the concrete is poured. At the conclusion of the talk coffee and doughnuts were waiting for us in the hall -- courtesy of Mrs. MacDonald, a most sensitive, understanding, and gracious lady -After the most welcome coffee and doughnut interlude Mac took us out to the site and showed us the location of the new powerhouse and where the cutoff wall was being poured, along with the interesting equipment used in doing it. After that he took us to the site of the tunnel that must be driven for the relocation of the Burlington Northern, since the new powerhouse will be built where the railroad is now. The pilot tunnel has been completed and will be incorporated in the main tunnel. Since the afternoon was yet young when we said goodbye to the MacDonalda, we wandered up the Washington side of the river to Collins Point to see how the slide waa doing. At a wia& place in the road half a mile

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

59

JUNE 1976

up the elide we parked the cars, and soon after getting out we were intercepted. by a tall, youngish-looking gentleman and hie tall, younger-looking son, who had come down the road to welcome us. He was Barry Murray, a writer-photographer for the slick magazine market, and being much interested in the slide himself -- since he lives on it -- he took us another halt mile up the road to hie house. Here he pointed out to us many interesting features of this restless, nervous terrain; ·fenceposts askew and out of line; little ponds and basins that had not been there last year, and other areas whare others had been previously. Trees w•re growing at peculiar angles, and rifts ·a ad displa~~~nta - in the · earth were numerous. Barry told us that even the farm animals learn to walk cautiously to avoid cave-ins. A BPA power line crossing the slide had to be relocated, and the telephone line going up the road has a generous loop at each pole to ease tension should it occur. The slide is about four miles long and perhaps half as wide, and is moving at the rate of about eighteen feet a year; indeed, Barry's own house has overtaken and passed a neighboring house that used to be below it. Moving property lines are a probea. Or do the property lines move? Barry Murray, hospitable and generous with his time,. gaTe us an interesting and illuminating hour that generated a more personal acquaintan~e with the Collins Point slide. On the way back we stopped at a point above Stevenson where we looked for zeolites in an exposure of Ohanapecosh Equivalea~ and then on to Cascade Locks for refreshment before dispersing to go our separate ways. This field trip, led by Bill Freer, turned out to be a truly rewarding one with unexpected dividends. Who can ever tell what's going to happen on any field trip? Note: The writer of this chronicle prefers to remain anonymous because he should have had it in the last issue of the NEWSLETTER but didn't, and he is not anxious to have his indolence identified. CAMASSIA FIELD TRIP May 1, 1976 By Geneva Hessel "On the first warm day in May" there were thirty GSOC' ers and guests assembled at the entrance to Camassia Natural Area for a tour of this, the first area set aside in Oregon by the Oregon Chapter of The Nature Conservancy. The unique geological and biological features of this area had been recognized and studied by Murray Miller for many years be.fore the purchase of these 22-1/2 acres in 1960 by The Nature Conservancy. Mr. Miller is custodian of the grounds with Dr. James Stauffer and Lewis and Clark College being the administrators.

Camassia is so names for the abundance of the blue Camas lilies, a food plant important to Indians. Since there are more than 300 plant varieties in this natural area, it was a pleasure to have Mr. Miller and Dr. Stauffer identify each plant that caught our eyes including some rare ones that we had not discovered. The tract also contains an excellent record of the Missoula Flood, for it includes completely scabbed areas, channels, ponds and granitic erratics. After a lunch stop along the banks of the Willamette River, Mr. Miller pointed out the three terraces or benches with Columbia River Basalt as bedrock and Boring Lavas on top. Other stops gave us the opportunity to hear from Mr. Miller some of the interesting history of the Oregon City area and to see "hot spots" and the extreme weathering of Boring Lava compared to Columbia River Basalt that is older.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER JUNE 1976

60

EARTI1 SCIENCE SEMINAR By C.T.L. Murphy Library Night program April 20th opened to a full house composed of the Old Guard and a whole passel of guests . Extra furniture provided seats for all. Director Norman Hessel had provided a seasonable and popular subject, Wild Flowers of the Northwest, certainly within the scope of earth science . Charlene Holswarth and Esther Kennedy were co-sponsors, Charlene with wall charts and diagrams of plant structures and Esther with a fine slide display illustrating her lecture. Her pictures were from Nature's wilds, from the president's camp-out of last sUJ1111er and from her own garden. Botanical nomenclature rolled off her tongue as from a well-educated Roman of the 10th century, but your correspondent settled for such common designations as store crop, columbine, avalanche lily, al'Ulll root, shooting star, phlox, paint brush and Indian thistle. Some of her subjects were endemic to the Olympic Mountains and were very rare. Esther also demonstrated with living plants, some from her own garden, giving her students actual specimens in hand as they identified square stems, parallelveined leaves, the various stamens, petals and stigmas by hand lenses and from the blackboard charts. When the subject was finally identified as a fai ry lantern there was universal pleasure. One celebrant threw the speaker for a · loss when he (do I have to say who?) objected to red mustard. Said the culprit, "Everybody knows that mustard is yellow all over the fields." But Esther Kennedy taught hi m a thing or two. She had been a research specialist for the Whitaker School Outdoor Lab . and besides she had the support of a lot of members of the Native Plant Society present including ~he organization president, Dr. Jeffcott . We were glad to welcome this former member of the Geological Society. Visiting guests were Jerry and Don Gospodnetich, Tina Healey, Steve and Mary Speen with their two youngsters, Mitch Graham, Dianna Hunter, Marianne McClain, Linda Scarpelli, Betty Ferguson and Carol Overland. Society Librarian Kathy Caselton was on the job with her books, and she also presented slides from her botanical field trips including columbine, pentstemon, iris, marsh marigold and many others. Geneva Hessel's coffee counter was popular. The May session will present Claire Stahl with a program of Fossils For Beginners.

PRC:SIDENT 1 S CAt-i!'OUT

- PAULI NA LAKE

July 24-31 See your May newsletter for preli minary i nformation. If you wish r eservations at OTHER than the IOOF campground, call Ellen Fahri on, 244-2778, or Al Nichols, 654-812S, for names and addresses of trailer parks, resorts and motels in the area. Dr . Bruce Nolf of Centra.l Oregon Communi ty College at Bend will give an illustrated lecture at the beginn i ng of t he campout. Further det ails in the July newsletter.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 61

JUNE 1976

CAAMER HALL SEISMOORAPH TO BE REPIACED The PSU Department of Earth Science has for four years had in Cramer Hall a display of a working seismograph, which bas consistently attracted great attention and interest. Recently this valuable visible recorder of current earthquake activity was reclaimed by its owner.

1

Requests for a replacement have come from many sources, and as a result we are initiating a campaign to replace it with a modern recorder, whose cost will be about $51 000.00. We are soliciting donations to a seismograph fund as follows. This will place you on our mailing list as a PSUDES ASSOCIATE : Donor Up to $25 Patron $26-$50 Benefactor $51-$100 Fellow $101 or more. A list of names and a.f'filiations of PSUDES ASSOCIATES will be a permanent part of the new display.

Checks should be made out to the "PSU Development Fund (ESGF) ". tax deductible. Mail to:

They are

John Eliot Allen, PSU-ES p. o. Box #751 Portland, Or. 97207

NEW GSOCers Hildenbrand, Sue E. P. O. Box 10S38 Portland, Oregon 97210

222-7463

Sue is interested in general geology, knitting, reading and walking. She is employed at the Mallory Hotel.

Kirt, Jean E.

228-1068

Jean is interested in field trips. She is retired. Her sponsor is Mary J. Burgwin.

255 SW Ha?Tison St., 17G

Portland, Oregon 97201

NEW ADDRISSES Bock, Karl R. & Beverly A. 659-9179

4722 SE Jackson Street

Milwaukie, Oregon 97222 Farnham, Frances

1003 NW Brooks Street Bend, Oregon 97701

Roscoe, Roderick T. 206-776-5511 c/o Warnek 6408 - 233rd Place SW Mountlake Terrace, Wash. 98043

.382-5671 Varela, Virginia 1215 4th Street Oregon City, Oregon 97045

656-75.37

It is almost time to begin compilation of a new membership roster. Only names of those whose dues are current will be included. Please send yours NCM to the treasurer or secretary, or to GSOC, PO Box 8579, Portland, Oregon 97207.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER JUNE 1976

62

IBEN AS NOW! By Sir Archibald Geikie "Some geologists find 1i terary labour more irksome and arduous than fieldwork, and would rather survey many square miles of complicated ground than write a few pages descriptive of them. To others, again, the difficulty lies in deciding what they shall exclude from the report of their mapping . Amidst a crowd of details, all of which have their own interest and importance in the eyes of the surveyor who has patiently gathered them, perhaps with no small expenditure of time and toil, in a mountainous country and a tempestuous climate, it is not always an easy or a grateful duty to have to determine which shall be omitted from what is intended to be a general and perspicuous sU111D&ry of the geology of the ground that has been examined. Hence, while the field-work may be of equal excellence from both types of observers, the descriptive account of it may be somewhat meagre in the one case and correspondingly redundant in the other. It is obviously hardly possible for an editor, even when fully conversant with the subject, to secure among the essays of variously gifted contributors that degree of uniformity of treatment which he might desire. Considerable excision and condensation were found to be absolutely necessary in the manuscript of the present volwne; and perhaps some readers may wis~ that these alterations had been carried still further.• • •." Preface to:

'Mle Geological Structure of the North-West Highlands of Scotland 1907.

RETIRED ASSOCIATES OF PSU HEAR OF GSOC FROM DR. JOHN ELIOT ALLEN* All you need, said Dr. JOhn Eliot Allen, Professor Emeritus of Geoloy Geology, Portland State University, in order to enjoy geology is a tank full of gas, a hammer and a hand lens. All around us, especially here in Oregon, the lands crust, rocks, minerals and the dormant and not so dormat dormant peaks await exploration. Morever, you can have the time of your life doing it and you need not be a professional for many amateurs share their enthusiasm for this outdoor, as well as, indoor hobby. There are, he said, within the forty-two year old prestigious Geological Society of Oregon, some fifteen committees who plan a yearround variety of activities including a weekly luncheon meeting each Thursday noon at the downtown Portland Y.M.C.A., bi-monthly lectures in Room 53, Cramer Hall, Portland State University on the second and fourth Yridays of each month; an annual ten-day campout to study the rocks of a special region, _and an annual banquet to celebrate the nature and rewards of following this absorbing science and hobby. *Taken from the Retired Associates of P8U Newsletter, May, 1976 (Thank you, Dr. Allen for the plug! )

t

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

63

JUNE 1976

LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS By William M. Freer

)

WHAT I S PALEOECOLOGY? was the provocative title of CYNTHIA DRAYER'S talk to the April 22 Luncheon where she effectively answered her own question for us. She defined paleoecology as the interrelationship of ancient organisms to their environnmnt and other ancient organisms. Clearly, simply, Cynthia gave us an outline to begin with. First, one must naturally have a fossil. A fossil is any evidence of past life. Then we must start with the premise that every life form has a function. Accepting this, we go on to the second premise: Similar forms have similar functione. Our next step is to examine our fossil. Then we examine the material of deposition. After this we find a modern analog. (An analog is a modern life form similar in as many aspects as p~s s ible to our fossil.) : Now, we examine the behavior and environment of our analog. Finally, we compare our fossil with our analog and make cur deductions. Cynthia, a geology major at PSU, will get her bachelor's degree this month. She gave us an excellent program and has the potentiality of becoming a fine instructor. The subject of DR. FRANCIS GILCHRIST'S thought provoking talk to the April 29 Luncheon was, "How Common is Life in the Universe?" He first defined life as a "living machine" that transforms energy to growth, and pointed out that a living machine can exist only in a very narrow range of temperaturef that life can exist in gasses, li quids, and eolide; that water, neceesary to life, has been on this planet for three billion yaars in some form or other, and that carbon is a necessay constituent of life. He painstakingly developed the long, slow process by which the alter in the oceans evolved into the particular nutrient broth that would support life, but he would not presume to say by what intricate combination of circumstances life actually began. At the end, he posed two perplexing questio#s: What are the chances of life elsewhere in the universe, and, more disturbingly -- at the rate we are manhandling our planet -- how long will our present technology last? Collecting Herkimer Diamonds is not only a hobby of JOHN REX MORRISON'S, but was also the topic of his talk to the May 6 Luncheon. Theee spectacular quartz crystals come from Herkimer County, New York -- also famous for its cheddar cheese -- and occur in cavities encased in limonite, calcite, dolomite. · So•e of them have sea water entrapped in them. they have eighteen facets, and ·some 1Specimens are perfect. Among other things they are used for radio detectors. Some are huge -- we saw one that was four by nine inches. Dr. Arthur Jones brought his own along. They come from a geologically interesting area eroded by a flood from Glacial Lake Iriquois. This was another splendid program~

•

Hearts were warmed and old memories were revived and nostalgia practically dripped in the Mountain Room at the May 13 Luncheon when LEO SIMON showed us his beautiful mint-quality slides of the Picturesque John Day Country. It was like a reunion -- there they were, all old, familiar, well-loved scenes of this favorite area dear to the hearts of all GSOCers. Picture Gorge, the Painted Hills, the dedication of the monument with Sheep Rock in the background and Lon Hancock and Murray Miller standing in front, the Rattlesnake Formation, the Clarno, Lon in the Fossil Bede . Antelope, Shaniko, Crunp Hancock, and many, many more. Ne"arly every view showed a spectacular geologic feature in superb color and perfect composi ~ion. • • • It was not only a deep insight into the Geological Society and its ~i'story; it made you proud to live in Oregon!

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER JUNE 1976

64

NEWS OF MEMBERS IJ.oyd A. Wilcox

By

CilIDY DRAYER celebrated her 23rd birthday April 6. Poor CllIDY! Do you realize that l/23rd of her life flitted by in the past year? On the other hand, JESS RENTSCH, who passed another milestone on March 5, us ed only l/85th of his time on earth to attain the same goal. Take heart, then, a.U of you who wander toward life's golden years. Youth has its problems too! Somewhere between these two in age, EFFIE HALL and OPAL HELFRICH added another year to their tally on May 20. But no way am I going to try to determine what fraction of their time on earth slipped by in the past yea.r. That's a no no after a woman passes CINDY's age. CilIDY will graduate from Portland State University in June with a B.S. in Paleontology. JOHN ALLEN's story of the course of the Spokane Flood after its emergence from Wallula Gap was destined to come off the press sometime this summer. It is being published. by DOGAMI. A check with MARGARET STEERE of DOGAMI staff disclosed that due to an overload of work and curtailment of budget, the publishing of this important addition to our knowledge of some of the catastrophic history of our L'lll!lediate past may perforce be delayed. MARGARET did say, however, that she felt safe in stating that it is sure to come out before the next Ice Age brings another flood, thereby reducing the effectiveness of this report. MARGARET MILES retired from her job with the Portland City Planning Cormnission in March due to illness. She advises that she is feeling better day-by-day since that time and soon hopes to be back in the groove at the Thursday luncheons. Carrying on the tradition of service to others that we would like to attain, CLAIR STAin. recently gave a talk about fossils to the 8th grade students of 5 Oaks elementary school and a talk ·on minerals to the 1st grade class at Bethany school. Both of these schools are in the Beaverton school district. GSOCers are infiltrating the ranks of SMOG in ever increasing numbers. Eighteen were on hand at the May 6 meeting in Salem to wine and dine and enjoy a fine lecture on Young Basaltic Vulcanism in North Queensland and its unusual mineralogy by P. J. Stephenson of James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. Mr. Stephenson is at present a visiting Research Associate at the Center of Vulcanology, University of Oregon. YFC and REBA recently spent a glorious five days camping in the rain with the KENNEDYS, BILL and ESTHER. The main purpose of the trip was to attend the wil
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1976

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P.O. BOX 8579 PORTLAND, OREGON 97207 Return Postage Guaranteed Non-Profit Orq. U.S. POSTAGE.

,

PAID Port lond,Otec;lon Pcrmi-lNo. 999 State of Oregott (1 ot 2) Dept. of Geology 4 111.neral Induat. 10&9 siate Office Bldg. Portland,Ore. 97201

GEOLOOICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1976-1977 ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Opal M. Helfrich

251 NE lJJ

~venue

Directors 253-7446

Portland, Oregon 972J) Vice President

Hessel 166$ SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 Secretary Dorothy R. Waiste 133 SE 27 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth Norman A.

2524 NE 34 Avenue

2J6-786o

235-4320

284-3444

Portland, Oregon 97212

t1ll1~ M.

Miller (3 years) Vincent J. Eggleston (2 years) Emily L. Delano (l year) Immediate Past Presidents John H. Bonebrake Clair F. StBhl GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER Editor Margaret R. Howell Assistant Editor Marcy Hertzmark Business Manager Lloyd A. Wilcox

771-6154 253-6741

2)6-2139 289-8597 281-2220

244-5726 28~3347

636-6594

.ACTIVITIES CHAIRMEN E8rth Science Study Hellis and Margaret Orem Field Trips George E. Malin Sr. Historian Lillian M. Miller Hospitality Lynn E. Malin Lee1tures Norman A. Hessel Librarian Kathleen Caselton Luncheons !so F. Simon

Luneheon Programs Laurette W. Kenney

Membership 234-2650 65$-1051

771-6154 6$5-1051 236-786o 252-4870 236--0549

Ruth A. Gnldson

Properties Rnbert Waiste Publications Lloyd A. Wilcox Publicity Marcy Hertzmark Telephone L. Bllen Fahrion Transportation Rosin~ F. Higdon Past Presidents' Panel Jolm H. Bonebrake

244-2600 235-4320 636-6594 288-3347

244-2778

....

254-82SS 28?-8597

775-5697 ACTIVITIES

LECTURES: Second and fnurth Fridays, 8:00 p.m., Rnom 53, Cran~r Hall, Portland State University, SW Broadway at Mill Street. FIELD TRIPS: Usually one per month, via private car, caravan or ehartered bus. EARTH SCIENCE STUDY: Third Tuesday, except June, July, August, 8:00 p.m., R~nm 17, Cramer H~ll. Library, Ronm S7, open at 7:00 o.m. for browsing. LUNCHEONS: Every Thursday noon, exeeot holidays. Mountain Room, Downtown YMCA, SW Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Brown bag, or snacks and beverr:iges available. ANNUAL EVENTSz President's Ca~out - summer. Picnic - 4ugust. Banquet - March. PUBLICATIOO: The Geological Newsletter, published once each ~nth and mailed to each membership. Subscriptions available to libraries and organizRtions at $S.oo a year. Single copies, So cents.

..

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935 VOL.42,N0.6

JULY 1976

CAI.ENDAR OF ACTIVITIES

July 9

Friday

LECTURE - Cramer Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8:00 p.m. THE PRESIDENT'S CAMPOUT - Orientation and Discussion. Dr. Ruth Hopson Keen and others.

July 24-31

PRESIDENT 1 S CAMPOUT - Newberry Crater, Central Oregon. See

article on following pages for details.

LUNCHEONS Thursdays at noon, Downtown YMCA, SW Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Mo food or beverages available. July l

MAPS

Speaker:

July 8

July

15

Frank J. Merryman Foreman, Retired, Railway Mail Service, U.S. Post Off'ice.

NEWBERRY CRATER AND THE '76 CAMPOUT Speaker: Dorothy R. Waiste Secretary, GSOC. '!WELVE MONTHS ON THE YUKON RIVER Speaker: Douglas N. Bushek Sgt., United States Air Force.

July 22

A QUICK TRIP TO MAZATLAN Speaker: Emily L. Delano Co-OWner, Delano Photographies.

July 29

FOSSILS FROM HERE, THERE AND EVERYWHERE

Speaker:

Bert Gillett · School Teacher, retired.

LOOKING AHEAD

August 13 Friday

BROWN BAG ONLY.

.ANNUAL PICNIC - Hoyt Arboretum

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

JULY1976

66

PRESIDENT'S CAMPOUT Opal M. Helfrich

By

With the me1 ting of the snow in the High r,ascades signaling the coming of the cenming season, ,,ie once again make nlans for our annual cempout. From July 2/, to A .ugust l this year the Geesockers will be found pitching their tents in NAwberl":1r Crater in Central Oregon about 40 miles south ana east of Benn. The TOOF campgrcnma on the southern shore of Paulina Lake is sftuated in a ehaey grove of trees 'Where there is ample room for trB.ilP.rs, canroors or tents. ~ome tables are available in addition to a eou-ole of large outdoor wood stoves. There are a few electrical drops uhich ma..y be used for lighting only, and the grounns will be lit at night. Our source of water will be a ,,iell, so bring containers for carrying water. Toilet f'acilities wiJl be r>it toilets. A large log lodge with fireplace and electricity wilJ t>rovinE' snace for our evening cenmfires and t>rograms. There is also an outnoor stage 'A"' may use for disn1eys of plants, rocks, fossils or other collections made on our trins. ~ince

we will be cemt>ing at ~~ ~. the nights msy be cold so plan accorMngly. ~ome of our trfos will be into the high desert by dsy so nlan for extremes in tenmerature in clothing. A.t this time it is not t>Ossible to m-e"ict how the mosquito hatch will be in the high lakes area, so renellP.nt might be needed. Fishing gear, cmnera.s and binoculars will also be usef'ul. fl.t both Paulina ann 'F.ast Lake Resort!'! there is a small eunnly of groceries, a sm.a.11 cafe, boat rentals, and regular gas. In addition, a laundromat and nublic shot.iers are locater! at Fast Lake Resort. ·

nr.

Bruce ~Tolf of Central Oregon Community College who has marle a study of collapMd calrlP.ras will nresent a slide ~how on Saturday night, the Uth, "1hich ~·rill helu us unnersta.nd hoi.r this srectacnler area. wa.s formed.

On Sunrlay, 1.ra nlan a. trin to the to-p of Pau11n8 Peak on the south rim for an overviet.~ of the featul"P.s formed b~r the volcanic activit;r in this area.. We i.rill also vi~it the lHg Obsidian Flow to the east of the neak, one of the largest fielns of volcanic glas~ on the continent. Later in the day, a notJuck is nlennea. !ou may bring either a. hot dish, salad or dessert, nluF1 your inOividual table service. Beverage!'! ·-rill be sunnl ie a. This 'Jill give us t~ to renet.r old acqua:intencPs ann enjoy e.ach others fellovship.

On Monclay, "'r. Ruth H. Keen will lead us on a trin to the Lava Cast Forest, Lava River Caves, and the nev Lave. Lanrl$ Visitor Center at Lava Butte. ~e ha.s 1.en tnany of her students in this area t.lhen she was teaching for the State SY'fttem of Higher Fducation an~ traveling throughout the state. On Wemie~da.y, Larry Chitwoon, geologist for the U. s. Forest ~ervice at Bend will lP.a.n ns over the ~ast rim of the crater to "'evils Garden, Derric)< Cave, Rube Long's Ranch, Fort Rock ann Hole-in-the-ground, a giant volcanic maar or e'.X")losion crater.

Bob Waiste has offe.r~cl to concfuct a tour of the r.ascade Lakes Highway l-lbere one can see foresti::, crystal clear lakes and streams and breathtaking views. Other optional trios will bf:I available to Foss il Lake and Chrietmas Lake, anr1 Pine Mountain where the University of Oregon has an observatory and seismolow station. 'For those who uould like an eagle's eye view of the geology, arrangement~ mav be made for a charter nlane flight.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 67

JULY 1976

Atlvence regi~tration MAY be made e.t either the June 25 or the July 9 lecture nights fir by me.11 by addressing Milbert M. Hol1warth, Treasurer 'P. O. Box 8579, Portland, Oregon 97?-07. A contribution of $2.00 per night for ea.eh cenmsite 'rl.11 cover our exnenses . If ;vou have ever seen the s kyline of the High Ca..c;cade peaks from Central Oregon, it is a sight you will never forget. Our ow Phil Brogan will be joining us end sharing the wonclers of his part of our state. forward to seeing you the last week in July.

Bu]letin 57:

Mletin Ii:?: ~lletin

71:

Lunar Geological 1"ield Conference Guide Boole, 1965: 'Peterson I Groh, editors.

$3.50

Andesite Conference Guide Boole, 1968: ~ole •••••••••••••••••••••

~ 3 .50

r~ology

Area,

of

~elected

Lava Tubes in the Bend

Oregon, 1
Above e.ve.ilable from In"nstries.

~tate

We look

~2.50

of Oregon Department of Geology ann Mineral

10~9 ~tate

Office Building

'Portlanii, Oregon 97?01

PROM THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The Board has voted to contribute $J_OO toward a scholarship for Danny

Williams so that he may attend a paleontology student research session at Camp Hancock, August 9-30, 1976. Request for consideration of thi s award was made by John F. Lawler, teacher in the Portland Public Schools and a GSOC member. Danny has agreed to address the Society later, explaining the benefits derived from attendance at the research session. Norman and Geneva Hessel have been appointed chainnen for the annual picnic to be held the evening of August 1.3 at Hoyt Arboretum.

The looseleaf notebook containing the original copy of the Articles of Incorporation and the Certificate of Filing Articles of Incorporation has been placed in the locked cabinet in the library. Signatures of some of the charter members also are to be fotmd in tm notebook.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTE.R JULY 1976

68

GEOLOGY & ARCHAELOGY OF THE CENTRAL SAHARA LECTURK :BY DR. ANDREW :B SMITH

Reported by Geneva Hessel Dr. Smith took us with him as ·he made his way to an archaeological site in the Central Saharan Desert called Adrar Bous. The locale in the Air Mountains of the Republic of Niger i s thought to be a type-site for hwnan occupation in the Sahara Desert. The massif of Adrar Bous is typical of the Air MotD'ltains which are a series of ring complexes composed of granitic intrusions surro\D'lded by metamorphic and volcanic material that supplied the raw material for the prehistoric inhabi tants. The occupation sites gave abtmdant evidence of alternating moist and dry climatic conditions. From 2100 B.C. until today the climate has been much the same as today (rain falls perhaps once in twenty years). In places the wind has removed the stratification of the soil and artifacts are concentrated at a single level on the ground surface. At parts of the site simple stone hand-axes were found of a type that are fotD'ld throughout most of Africa and parts of Europe. These are thought to be 150,000 - 200,000 years old. Adrar Bous continued to be occupied by various cultural groups \D'ltil 2400 B.C. Before 5000 B.C., a lake stood on the southern edge of the massif long enough for diatomites to form, and today in these diatomite beds are fotD'ld the bones of catfish, turtle, and hippopotamus, as well as the fine retouched stone blades used as part of their tools by former peoples for fishing and h\D'lting. When the lake dried, calciWD carbonate concretions formed that have been radiocarbon dated to 7310 ± 120 8 . C. Subsequent to this there was a dry period, then the site was re-occupied by a lakeshore culture from 4000-2400 B.C. whose stone tools were made from vi tric tuff. The nearest source of this raw material is 300 km. to the south . These people introduced cattle into the Central Sahara, but were still h\D'lters and fbhers . From the numbers of adzes that were fo\D'ld it is probable that they were also wood-workers. They left drawings of people, dogs and cattle on the rock walls of the Air Mo\D'ltains. Another study into the beginning of cattle herding in West Africa was made by Dr. Smith in the Tilemsi Valley, north of Gao, in the Republic of Mali. In this area of the Sahel zone he fo\D'ld no previous occupation before 2000 B.C. The area was occupied at this time (between 2000 and 1300 B. C.) by people who had a similar cultural pattern to that fo\D'ld in the Central Sahara. They were also cattle herders who h\D'lted and fished, as well as worked wood. Among the artifacts from the sites were small clay figurines of cattle. obviously made by children emulating their elders with the important elements in their . culture. Today's children in the area mll.ke figurines of camels. Another site in northern Ghana has produced early cattle remains. 1his site has been dated to between 1600 and 1200 B.C. The progressively yo\D'lger dates for these early cattle herding people as one goes south suggest that they had been forced out of the Sahara by the increasing aridity. Cattle can survive on marginal grasslands and scrub but only if they can be watered every other day. The current belief that the Sahara is encroaching on the southern lands today may well be true, but the data shows that the conditions in this area have been subject to change at least since hmnan occupation began (perhaps as much as 200,000 years ago) and large areas of stabilized dtD'les in northern Nigeria dated to c. 20,000 years ago show that the desert once extended much further south than it does today .

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 69

JULY1976

MALHEUR NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE By Eleanor & Wally McClung The refuge occupies a portion of the Harney Basin which lies within the basin and range province of Southeastern Oregon. The erosion of material from higher elevations has filled the basin with quarternary alluvium. It is bordered on the east and the south by tke Steen• Mountain,which is the highest and most scenic of Oregon's fault block mountains. The Steens play a critical role for it is the snowme l t which provides the source of the lifegiving water to sustain the great varie ty of plant and animal life. The west aide of the ~teens slope gently to the valley of the Blitzen River which occupies the hinge line of the fault block and it is this north flowin~ stream which provides the nourishment for the area. The west boundary of the reserve is contained by the Jackass Mountains, a tilted fault block of Miocene Steens Basalt. The ephemeral Harney and Malheur Lakes lie within the northern boundary. Historically the first white men to traverse the area were trappers from Fort Vancouver led by Peter Skene Ogden. He wrote the first published accounts of the region describing his travel over the lava plateaus of Eastern Oregon and his contact with the Indians on the shores of Harney Lake. In the early 1850 1 8 miners from the gold fields of California were attracted to the new diggings in Idaho and as they crossed Southeastern Oregon they observed and reported the broad, well watered grassy valleys so suitable for the raising of stock. This of course attracted the California stockmen first. Perhaps the most famous cattleman was Peter French of Chico, California who was financed by his father-in-law Dr. Glen. Peter French settled in the Blitzen valley in 1872 and through sheer ability developed the 132,000 acre ''P" Ranch. Hi• colorful life was ended in 1897 and the properties passed through a series of private ownerships. During this latter time the vast numbers of waterfowl became decimated by professional hunters for the millinery trade. Trappers likewise almost eliminated the fur bearing animals. Pioneer conservationists realised the importance of the area to wildlife and the impact human activity was making upon it; ao in 1908 the government under President Roosevelt was pursuaded to purchase a portion of the old "P" Ranch around Harney, Malheur, and Mud Lakes. In 1935 the Blitzen Valley portion of the 11 P" Ranch was added to the reserve to assure it of a continuous source of water. In 1941 the Double 11 11 0 Ranch was acquired; since that time additional minor properties were secured. Near the refuge headquarters a center was built by the Job Corps and when the Corps was disbanded the facilities were leased by a consortium of 21 colleges, thus making field studies of the refuge possible by interested students. Over Memorial Day weekend the Helfrichs, McClungs, and waists bad the pleasure of staying at the former Job Corps Center, now known as the Malheur Environmental science Center. Accomodations were excellent, cafeteria style food was good and the area fascinating. Hawk-eyed ~leanor McClung and Bob Waiste identified 77 species of birds. Coyotes, deer, ' and antelope were

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER JULY1976

70

plentiful. The French Glen Hotel is now open after a new manager was secured. It has been refurbished in an appropriate decor and the family dining was deli~htful. Reservations for both the ~cience Center and the Hotel should be secured in advance. For those interested in earth science aubjecta the refuge offers unsurpassed opportunities for observation.

EARTH SCIENCE SEMINAR By

c.

T. L. Murphy

The spring program of Library Night closed May 18th, with a fine lesson on Fossils for Beginners. Panel chairman, Normal Hessel, wisely chose Clair Stahl, dean of the Society's experts, to lead the discussion. The study of fossils is a part of the science of Paleontology. The group agreed that a.good de:f'ini tion of a fossil would be "any trace of past or prehistoric lif'e". The instructor outlined many ways in which organic life may have been preserved, through burial in sediments, impregnated, frozen, mummified, encased, entrapped (as in amber, tar) or petrified. He outlined the preservation processes. Even non-organic remains indicated early life through trails, burrows, tracks, impressions, coprolites and gastropods, molds and casts, plus any abandoned artifacts as tools. Then Clair spread a fine display of fossils for class identification and evaluation. Archie Strong contributed an impressive collection of his own, marine and terrestrial.. Clair offered four choice texts for . students: Fossils for Amateurs, Mac Fall and Wollen Handbook of Paleontology for Beginners and Amateurs, Winifred Goldring Invertebrate Fossils, Moore, Lalicker, Fischer The Fossil Book, The Fentons The program was interesting and worthwhile and appreciated by the good attendance. Library Night now goes into summer recess to reassemble September 21st, under new sponsors, Hollis and Margaret orem, members who have followed closely the Seminar program. Our thanks to the retiring Hessels and greetings to the new sponsors. Librarian Kathy Caselton was on hand with her duties and will continue them through the summer Friday night lectures.

Nl'N'

Strand, Lester C. 1142 NE 104 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97220

252-5249

GSOCer

Lester is interested in general geology. He is retired. Clayton Brothers i s his sponsoring member.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 71

JULY 1976

LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS By William M. Freer

Tae May 20 Thursday Luncheon booked the second installment of the two-part ARTBUB HANSEN-jLEW BISCHOFF Mexican junket in which we traveled from Veracruz to Villaheraosa to Campeche to M/rida to further investigate the "Mayan Ruins of the Yucatan Peninsula." We visited the ruins of the ancient cities of Palenque and Kabah, of Uxmal and Chichln Itzl; once again we saw t4e Nunnery and the Ball Court~ and all the other celebrated spectacular structures i~ these viwinities. Among the many fascinating viewe ehown ue waa a splendid example ot one of the massive stone carvings of an. Olmec head • . This interesting program wound up on the tropical resort island of Cozumel.

Dr. RUTH HOPSON KEEN gave us some "Geological Glimpses of Manitoba, CaAadL" at the May 27 Luncheon when she reviewed the highlights of a memorable excursiott that she and Al made up into the Canadian Shield, where are found some of the oldest rocks in the world. Segments of the trip got aixed up with some of the biggest caravans of rock hounds and fiahermen that ve ever saw, and knowing Al ae we do we suspect that th••• aay have been the motivation for the trip. Commenting generally on the geology of the area, Ruth told ua that aaoient glacial Lake Agaaeic is now four separate lakee, into the largest &f whick, Lake Winnipeg, flows the Red River ot the North. Among other things, we learned that Manitoba is populated largely by Icelandic and Ukrainian stock along with that of smaller ethnic groups; that they are on the metric scale and naturally use the Celsius scale tor temperature. An outstanding feature was an excursion by rail to the port of Churchill away up north on Hudson Bay. "Hot Water for Heating Portland" was ANDY CORCORAN'S provocative subject for the June 3 Luncheon. We have always envied the ease with which J.ndy completes his assignments, and this is doubtless one of the reasons why he is the Oregon State Geologist. In this case he simply brought JOHN W. HOOK along to do it for him. John Hook is a consulting geologist troa Salem who resi gned from the Reynolds Metals Co. to explore potential geothermal energy sources in Oregon. He is presently exploring the possibility of tapping hot water from wells on Old Maid Flat on the slopes of Mt. Hood to pipe to Portland in a 48-inch pipeline to be ueed in industrial steam plants, and should the supply warrant it, hot water heating for at least part of Portland. This exploration is being funded by the Inergy Resource and Development Administratioft, Northwest Natural Gaa., and the state Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Should an adequate supply of hot water of 150 to 200 degrees be found to be available it will be a great boon to Northwest Natural Gae and to Portland. and its viciRity. John outlined the project for us and then showed us beautiful slides of diagrams and charts explaining the development of the whole process. Thie waa a smooth, professional expositioa for the layman by an excellent speaker, and furthermore it was a bright and exciting Luncheon program that we shall not soon forget. In a bea~tifully luminous program JOHN R. LAWLER explained "The Making ot Fine Aiierican Crystal" to the June 10 Luncheon. His prime example was the famous Steuben glass manufactured by this subsidary of the Corning Glass Company of New York. Detailing the manufacture--bloving, cooling, etching--of this superb American product, he went on to tell us

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER JULY1976

72

about individual pieces and the artists who executed them. Many ot these pieces, the ultimate in crystal. elegance, and valued in the thousands of dollars, have been used for state gifts to kings and emperors of foreign countries. John is a gifted and eloquent speaker and held his audience in fascination. Afterwards he showed us catalogs and framed prints of some of the most famous pieces that he had procured by devious methods on his visits to the ahowrooms. He even brought along his own pet piece for show and tell. Tae question and answer period lingered long after tae meeting was over, and understandably, for this program was a very special treat!

l\EWS CJ" tJiEtJBERS By Lloyd I,. Wilcox Heikki Malkki is a handsome• distinguished looking gentleman, the father of three daughters. He is a Justice of the Supreme Court of Finland. His younger brother, Pentti, is a physicist, employed by the government of Finland as an oceanographer in the Institute of Marine Research, a division of the Department of Trades and Industry. His area of interest is the study of the currents of the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, and their interrelationship with such diverse items as icebergs and pollution, which is becoming as much a problem there as here. Pentti has two sons and a daughter. His sons are of the age of the grandsons of YFC which eventually left Pentti wide open to the manipulations of two little schemers. These gentlemen were recently in Portland as part of a group of 66 members of Viipuren LP.uluveikot, the Singing Brothers of Viipuri, a choral group of male voices famous over all of Europe for the excellent quality of their singing. They are an old group, originally from the city of Viipuri, located in that part of Finland that was lost to Russia in their war with that country in the early days of World War.II~ Now based in H~l~inki! the ~roup are presently making appearances at principal west coast cities, ·1nclud1ng Vancouver, B.C., Seattle, Po~tland, San Francisco and Los Angeles. From the City of Angels they fly to New York for their final appearance before returning home. While in Portland, Heikki and Pentti were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. Neal Cooper of LP.ke Oswego who just happen to be the In-law parents of the daughter of VFC which is how he enters the picture. It was his rare privilege to chauffeur Henry and Peter, as they chose to be called, through the Columbia Gorge for a day of sightseeing and many interesting -conversations anent the life and times of Finlanders and Amerioans. Peter, more conversant in our language, acted as interpreter for his brother when the flow of conversation increased in tempe. We covered as much of the culture of our two nations as could be possible in one short day of travel with the beauty of the Gorge competing for every minute of our time. Finland is a long narrow country trending north-south and acting as a buffer nation between Sweden and Russia. It stretches approximately 800 miles from the Baltic Sea to within a few miles of the Arctic Ocean, being separated from that body of water by a narrow finger of Norway that stretches across the northern coast of Europe to meet t~e Russian border. The Baltic Sea i& a shallow body of water, averaging 300 feet in depth with a maximum of .about 1000 feet. The southern part of Finland is dotted with long, narrow lakes trending generally north-south and filling the depressions left by the retreating continental ice

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sheet of the glacial period. Most of Finland today is rebounding from the weight of that tremendous load of ice at a vertical rate of three centimeters per century. I had a&sumed that fish would be one of the more important staples of the Finnish diet but Peter said no, that beef and pork, locally raised, were far more importan~. The national standard of diet i& very similar to ours. Finland has a democratic form of goverrrnent, headed by ·a President who necessarily treads a narrow line in maintaining his country's freedom under the watchful eyes of big brother. Wage& are relatively lower and prices and taxes relatively higher than we are accustomed to. free, or almost free medical aid and housing are available to all who need it. There are no needy as we know them in this land of plenty. Social unrest, particularly among the younger generation, seems to be on a par with the problem& we are faced with here. Indeed, Finland sounded to me to be a pretty well Americanized part of Europe. Or should I say that we are the western hemispherical equivalent of Finland~ One thought keeps recurring to me as I write thi&. How incongrous it seems that I, who cannot name one Justice of our own Supreme Court since the retirement of Douglas, spent such a day as that picnicing beside a tuni:>ling mountain stream and spitting watermelon seeds together with a member of the Supreme Court of another nation. Ah, well, such sweet vignettes of life are what we live forl When EiART BALDWIN picked up a roll of film returned from processing he discovered there had been a mixup in destination. The returned film was not his. Among the pictures he recognized scene& of Dea.th Valley, the Snake River, Black Butte and a big gravel quarry he is certain is in the Portland area. Also there are pictures of a tall, handsome boy with a G pick. Since film processing for the Eugene area is normally done in Portland, EWA~T feels that his film was somehow mixed with that of a Portland resident and, if he is lucky, that Portland resident could be a fellow GS
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scientist wrote a big paper describing his ~ork and his momentous discovery: When you pull the wings off of a flea, he becomes deaf. You're never too old to learn, as the saying goes. LAlliETTE KEt-1-JEY was recently shown a rock by her grandson Peter, a pre-school graduate entering kinderiarten this fall. The rock was one he had picked up somewhere enroute to his maternal grandmother's home in northern Idaho. It was definitely igneous. LAURETTE noted a little pink chunk on the edge which she took to be a phenocryst, so deducted it must be a porphyry from the Rockies. She thereby enlightened young Peter, making the proper corm.ents pertinent to porphyries in general. With a stance that would have done credit to our patron DA. ED*IN HODGE, young Peter responded, "It's not a porphyry! It's a Gt£ISSllll 11 I have a field trip in mind. It would be a three day bus trip to the area between Bend, Burns and Lakeview. It would entail two nights lodging on the road, one night at Burns and one night at Lakeview as well as three days' meals. I have in mind restaurant stops for dinner and breakfast and box lunches. One fee, paid in advance to cover all above expenses. Probable date, next Memorial Day. A lot of advance planning will be necessary. An early indication of interest from a sufficient number of members will put me to work on the advance planning. BOB WAISTE sez: Reckless driving never determines who is right, only who 'is left.

/

PREPARIN:; FOR THE CAMPOUT! ! ! !

AUG

1976

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY P.O. Box 8579

•

Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE PAID Portland, Oregon Permit No. 999

Portland, Oregon 97207

Return Postage Guaranteed

.. oreg~n Cl of 2) Dept. of Geology &: Mineral Ittdust.

State of

1069 State Office Bldg. Pot>tla.nd,Ore.

<]7.201

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY

1976-1977 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Opal M. Heltrieh 2$1 NE 13.3 wenue P
Norman A. Hessel l66S SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202

Secretary Dorothy R. 133 SE 27 Portland, Treasurer Milbert M.

Waiste

Avenue Oregon 97214 Holzwarth

2524 NE 34 Avenue Pnrtland, Oregon

~DMINISTRATION

253-7446

Directors UllUn M. Miller (3 years) 771-6154 Vincent J. Eggleston (2 years) 253-6741

Emily L. Delano

236-786o

235-4320

284-Jti44

I11111ediate Past Presidents

John H. Bonebrake Clair F. St~hl

289-8597 281-2220

GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER Editor Margaret R. Howell Assistant Editor Marcy Hartzmark Business Manager

Lloyd A. Wilcox

97212

(l year) 2,36-2139

244-5728 26S..3.347

636-6594

ACTimIEs CHAIRMEN Science Study Hollis and Margaret Orem Field Trips George E. Malin Sr. Historian LilliRn M. Miller Hospitality Lynn E. Malin Lectures N~rman A. Hessel Librarian Kathleen Caselton Luncheons !so F. Simon Luncheon Programs Laurette W. Kenney E~rth

234-26.50

65S-lOSl 771-6154 6S5-lOSl

2J6-786o 252-4870 236-oS49

Membership Ruth A. Goldson Properties Robert Waiste Publications Lloyd A. WildoX Publicity Marcy Hertzmark Telephone

L.

~llen Fahri~n

Transportation Rosin~ F. Higdon Past Presidents' Panel Jnhn H. Bonebrake

244-2600 235-4320 636-6$94 288-3.347 244-2778

2$4-82SS 289-8,97

77,-56?7

.. ACTIVITIES LECTURES: Second and f<"urth Fridays., 8.&00 p.m., Rnom 53, Craner HF.lll, Portland State University, SW BroadwAy at Mill Street. FIELD TRIPS: Usually nne per month, via privAte cRr, caravan or chartered bus. EARTH SCI~NCE STUDY: ·Tbi~d Tuesday, except June, July, August, 8:00 p.m., Rnnm 17, Cramer H.qll. LibrAry, Rnnm 57, open at 7:00 n.m. for browsing. LUNCHE:ONS: Every Thursday noon, ex~eot holidays. Mr>untain Room, n,,wntnwn YMCA, SW Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Brnwn bag, or snacks and bever ~ges RVRilable. ANNUAL EVENTS: President's Ca~out - summer. Picnic - August. Banquet - ~rch. PUBLICATIOO: The Geolog~ Newsletter, published once each mi_•nth and mailed to each membership. Subscri~tions aVAilable to libr~ries and nrganiz~tions at $$.OO a year. Single copies, 50 cents.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935 AUGUST 1976

VOL. 42, NO. 8

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES August 13, Friday

ANNUAL POTLUCK PICNIC SUPPER at 6:30 PM. At Hoyt Arboretum. Take route to OMSI, continue through parking lot to top of hill, keep left, then turn right after passing gate, short distance to parking area and covered dining area down hill on left. Bring either hot dish, salad or dessert AND your own table service. Coffee, tea and punch will be furnished. Call Geneva Hessel at 236-7860 for any questions. The area is without electricity, so bring flashlights.

August 21 Saturday

Field Trip: Oregon Coast--Newport-Otter Crest Area. Leader: Clair F. Stahl. Meet at 10:00 A.M. at Beverly Beach Day Use Parkin~ Lot. Purpose: Beach geology, Coast Ran ge geology, fossils, rocks, scenery. Bring llDlch, rock and fossil digging equipment, camera, field glasses. Dress to fit the weather.

LUNCHEONS Thursday luncheon meetings will be at noon, in the GREEN ROOM of the HUNGRY HORSE RESTAURANT in the Georgia Pacific Building on S. W. Fourth Avenue, between Taylor and Salmon Streets, in Portland, Oregon. Programs for August, 1976 are: August

S,

PERSONS AND INCIDENTS FROM GSOC CAMPOlTfS. Speaker: C. Trwnan L. Murphy, Teacher of Band, Orchestra and Glee Club, Retired.

August 12,

CURRENT TRAFFIC LAWS OF OREGON. Speaker: Emil Takstad, Supervisor, Motor Vehicles Division, State of Oregon, 5821 N. E. Glisan St., Portland, Oregon 97213.

August 19,

GEOLOGY OF THE '76 CAMPOUT AREA. Speaker: Clair F. Stahl, Past President, GSOC.

August 26

BOTONY OF THE '76 CAMPOUT AREA. Speaker: Esther A. Kennedy, Resource Person, Retired, Whitaker Outdoor Laboratory.

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A NATIJRAL HISTORY WONDERLAND GLACIER NATIONAL PARK By Don Barr During the last year Dorothy and I have had the opporttmity to visit many areas of natural beauty. One of the most interesting geologically and flora wise was Glacier National Park. It is the geologic past that makes Glacier National Park, which is located in Northwestern Montana, a most fascinating place to visit and study. The rocks that project so strongly on the landscape were deposited some billion or more years ago. These were deposited during Precani>rian time in a shallow sea to the west of a land mass that drained the Canadian Shield. For millions of years layer after layer of sediments were deposited on the sea floor later to become solidified into limestone; later, other sediments forming mudstones covered the limestone and these in turn were overlaid with more sediments that compacted into additional limestone. These strata of limestone and mudstone are now exposed due to faulting and a variety of erosional processes. Some SO million years ago stresses in the earth's crust acted upon the deeply buried mudstones, standstones and limestones of the old sea bottom. As the tensions and strains became acute, the rock warped and finally broke. The western part which was over a thousand meters thick and composed of Precambrian and more recent rock slid over the eastern part which had cretaceous rock on its surface. The entire mass slid as a relatively smooth plate. It is theorized that the rocks had in them enough water tmder high enough pressure that they were able to support most of the load and made it possible for the rocks to glide almost frictionless over those beneath them. These pressures and earth movement continued for a long period of time until a great 300 mile wide section of the earth's crust had been moved more than 35 miles to the east capping yotmger rock with strata more than a billion years old. This great mass of Precambrian rock is known as the Lewis Overthrust. The overthrust must have tilted to the east instead of the west as it does now, otherwise the mass of rock would have had to slide up hill. The line of outcrop of the Lewis Overthrust l'lmS somewhat parallel to the eastern and southern margins of the Park. 'Ihis same process of slide on mass of rock over another has created other mountain systems throughout the world. 'Ihe carving of the Park's rugged landscape was principally the work of glaciers during the last three million years. 'Ihe area of Glacier National Park was covered by massive glaciers almost long enough to be called an ice cap with a scattering of mountain peaks rising above the ice like small islands. 'Ihe moving ice deepened the main valleys and cut back the base of the cliffs to form U-shaped valleys. Tributary stream valleys were not cut as deep as the main valleys and thus have become hanging valleys over which streams pltmge to the floor of the main valleys. Glacial ice, by plucking away at the mountain sides has formed cirques . In many of these cirques, recent glaciers can be seen still performing the same kinds of erosional processes on a smaller scale, as did their predecessors. A number of glacial moraines can be seen in the park, some on the valley floors and others damming lakes such as Lake McDonald and St. Mary's Lake. The motmtains and the valleys in this park expose a geologic history of great ancient seas, of great forces which elevated, crumpled and broke the earth's crust, of the never-ending patterns of erosion of motmtains by streams and their modification hy vast glaciers, of the melting and recession of the massive glaciers that formed the broad U-shaped valleys. Some of the valleys, in turn, were partially filled with water forming lakes now seen in the park . Fossils can be seen in some of the formations.

'Ihe Altyn Limestone, the

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oldest Precambrian formation contains fossil seaweeds which reseni>le Brussels sprouts. A slightly younger formation, the Appekuny, which lies above the Altyn Limestone, contains ripple marks and mudcracks in its greenmudstone. Other formations contain worm tubes and algal stromatolites. Because of the size of the park and the range in elevation, a wide variety of plant and animal life finds suitable habitat within the boundaries. Titere are four life zones contained within the boundaries of Glacier National Park. The first of these life zones is the Transition Zone with elevations between 3500 and 4500 feet. Tite zone extends higher on the east side than on the west because of the difference in climate and precipitation. Some of the flowering plants in this zone include the White Clematis and the White and Purple Pasque Flower. 'nle Canadian Zone is a second zone with elevations about 4000 to 6000 feet above sea level. Some of the characteristic plants found at this elevation include the Lodgepole Pine, Engleman Spruce, and Mountain Ash. Other showy plants that are seen in abundance are the Red and Black 'IWinberry, Purple Clemantis, Wild Hollyhock and Queencup Beadlily. A third zone, the Hudsonian, so named because of its similarity to the Hudson Bay area of Canada, has Alpine Fir and White Bark Pine as its main trees. Some of the bright flowers to be seen are St. John's Wort, Globe Flower, Red Mimulus and Blue Gentian. The fourth and most rugged life zone in the park is the Arctic Alpine Zone. It is contained within the elevations of 7500 to the top of Mount Cleveland that has an elevation of 10,448 feet. There are no trees in th is zone, but it contains a number of species of lichen, Alpine Forget-me-nots and Columbine. The Park's great floral display begins in early spring in the valleys and some open slopes and progresses up the mountain sides as the snow recedes finally ending up with a spectacular display in the high alpine meadows. Some of the plants typically seen in these high alpine meadows are Heather, Gentian, Beargrass and Glacier Lily. A variety of animals and birds can be seen in the Park. Included are Bighorn sheep and Mountain Goat. Other large animals easier to see are elk, deer and moose. lbe smaller animal population includes beaver, hoary marmot, river otter, marten, pika, a variety of squirrels and chipmunks. 'nle most noticeable birds are thrushes, sparrows, Clark's nutcracker, water ouzel, and ptarmigan . At a distance hawks and eagles are sometimes visible. In this country the fare is rich for the avid seeker after the strange and beautiful. For us, dwellers in a volcanic land, it was a feast. It is a must for those who have not seen it.

NEW GSOCer SHRADER, Lea 620-2848 16065 S.W. Queen Victoria Place Tigard, Oregon 97223

Lea, who was first a meni>er in 1963, is returning to us after an absence of eight years. She is interested in geology, gardening and genealogy. Her sponsor is Ada Palmer.

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LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS By William M. Freer We went on a guided tour of Nepal with .tJOROTHY D. SCA·r '.L'BRGOOD at the June 17 Thursday Luncheon. l·irs. vcattergood is the retired curator of the Bruckner Museum at Albion, Hichigan, and of course knows her way around. She thought Nepal would interest us, which it did. we were supposed to go to Sikkim also, but we loitered too long in Nepal and didn't have time. But we are looking forward to that trip in • • • September, perhaps? Nepal, draped along the southern slope of tae Himalayas above India, is an exotic place; a land of violent contrasts; a laJld of intense extremes; a land of ups and downs. For i nstance, it is a scant 100 miles from lush, tropical jungle waere the tigers play tag with the elephants to the icy blasts ta~t caress the top of the world -- Mt. ETereat, elev. 29,002 feet above mean sea level, the playground of the horrendous Abominable Snowman. Ethnically, Nepal is principally Hindu but the society is matriarchal and polyandry is practiced. In the winter the yaks move inside and live with the families that own them -- yuk! But there are compen8atiol18 -- the rhododendro~ grow seventy feet tall! Some of the world's greatest scenery must be in Nepal. It is the home of that indomitable Sherpa guide, Tenzing Norkay, who ushered Sir Edmund Hillary to the top of Mt. Everest in 1953. In a most interesting Luncheon program on June 24 we learned about "Borax" from DR. CLYDE B. HUTT who gave us a scientifically detailed resume of this important element. Developing the history, the chemistry, and the uses of borax, Dr. Hutt took us from the ancient Babylonians , who used it for a flux in welding jewelry to the present day operation of the U.S. Borax and Chemical Company in the Calico Mountains of California's Death Valley. He included mention of our own Cregon borax operation at Alvord Lake around the end of the century. He gave us a description of the 20 Mule Team rig that has become one of America's most famous and enduring advertisments. This was made up of two huge wagons -- one trailing the other plus a large water tank -- drawn by 18 mules with a pair of draft horses leading them. This celebrated team pulled a load of 36~ tons 163 miles on a 20 day round trip through temperatures of up to 1~0 degrees r. At the July 1 Luncheon FRANK MERRYMAN, who has a lively interest in maps, told us something about them. Frank has an extensive collection of them, some of which he brought for exhibits. He showed us maps of many kinds from many different sources used for many diverse purposes. In the last fifty years the science and art of map-making has proliferated to an an unbelievable degree. Fifty years ago the first photo maps were being compiled. Fifty years ago your correspondent worked on the first aerial topographic map made in the Pacific Northwest. It was a map of the Lewis River watershed used for the construction of Merwin Dam. Now we map the globe from satelites • • • the moon • • • and even the planet Mars. At the last Thursday Luncheon at the YMCA on July 8 we had an alluring preview of the 1976 President's Campout (July 24 to August 1) when DOROTHY WAISTE showed us slides of Newberry Crater - - in whose caldera the Campout will be sighted -- and the surrounding geological attractions available to the campers. These are many and diverse. With her beautiful slide• Dorothy described the camp facilities and the conditions likely to prevail, outlined the week's program, and described the scheduled and optional trips to the outlying special features to be led by Dr. Ruth Hopson Keen, Dr. Bruce Bolf and Larry Chitwood. Phil Brogan will be there. In neatly developing tkis splendidly worked out Campout Dorothy artfully made her exposition short with t'lle resulting psychological effect of creating enticement. She made us feel that any GSOCer who doesn't want to go on taie trip must be crazy.

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On July 15 the Thursday Luncheon marked a significant milestone in its history. After meeting for twenty years in ~he Mountain Room of the YMCA it initiated a new home i• the Green Room of the Hungry Horse restaurant in the Georgia-Pacific Building. The inaugural ceremonies were short and simple. Leo Simon aperted a white carnation, and aa a Bicentennial gesture the flag was saluted. The Society's own official standard -~--~ a green geologist's pick rampant, circumscribed by a green circle on a field of white -- wB.8 on display. The professional quality of the workmanship on this han~ome banner, designed by Lloyd and Reba Wilcox and executed by Geneva Hessel, is ne plus ultra. Laurette Kenney was asked to tell the Luncheon about the conception and manufacture of the original s.tandard that she and Al Kenney dreamed up and made, after which she was presented with a white orchid in token of the affection and high esteem in which she is held for her talent and industry in making the Thursday Luncheon what it is today. The program, 11Tve1Te Months oJl the Yukon River" was given by DOUG BUSBEK, lately a sergeant in the U.S. Air Force, and after an abscence of four years it was nice to haTe him back with us again. With a smattering of typical miscellaneous scenes he gave us an idea of the character of the Alaskan terrain, after which he concentrated on the Yukon and its environment around Galena where he was stationed for a year. Doug has a fine eye for composition, and while all his slides were excellent, some of them wer~ superb, especially the close-ups of floral subjects. We were much impressed with these and think they should take prizes in competition. He obviously has a high potential for photography , and we should like to eee him comcentrate on it. Who knows --~ ? NEWS OF MEMBERS By Lloyd and Reba Wilcox As the countdown begins in the last few days before the . Carnpout, the air becomes charged with excitement and anticipation. The tempo of living picks up as GSOCers prepare themselves for a week of sociability and study in the very recent, geologically speaking, jumble of rocks of Central Oregon. Of course, all of this will be a thing of the past when this issue of the Newsletter reaches you and, unless I tell you now, you will never realize the maelstrom of events that confronted YFC in that final countdown as time pushed inexorably to the appointed hour. Among the many things to brighten up those fi na l day s was the discovery that the cover of the Newsletter had been printed with page two reversed. Of course this was not noticed u nt i l after a four month supply of covers, including th f s issue , had been addressographed. This necessitated a return to the printer for a rerun of the entire lot, then back to the addressograph company for new addresses. This puts delivery date behind schedule but if you attend the Campout your Newsletter should be waiting for yoq upon your return. Also included in these · hectic times was a field guide for the Campout that absolutely refused to come together until the last two weeks preceding that event . Then, with e veryone involved demanding a week in which to fulfill their part in typing, proofing, layout, photographing and printing, an outs.tanding set of ulcers was developed by yours truly as, looking into the future as h e wrote this, he predicted a successfully completed issue, just in the nick of. DOUG BUSHEK has returned triumphant from the wars, his contract with our Uncle Sammy's Air Force severe d honorably. To celebrate

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his safe return to civilian life, WALLY McCLUNG treated him to an expedition to the lower Deschutes in search of the wily trout. As I understand it, WALLY caught three little ones and DOUG came up with two likewise. In taking this trip, they left their old buddy BOB WAISTE, at horne o Piqued at this cavalier treatment, BOB went to the same area by himself and, fishing just down river from his two luckless friends, caught five beauties ranging from eighteen to twenty-two inches! Now that's the way I heard it but all of my information came from the fishermen themselves and everyone knows that there are those amongst fishermen whose propensity for the truth is somewhat limited. BILL and ESTHER KENNEDY were two of nine persons who, in the month of June, enjoyed a Western Forestry float trip down the John Day river. Traveling two in a raft, they put in the water at Service Creek and camped upon the bank of the river along the way. The art of rafting was a new one to BILL and it seemed that the raft the KENNEDYs rode had a mind of its own. For openers it steered straight into a bridge pier in spite of all that BILL could do to deter it. The KENNEDYs were unable to complete the trip due to the sudden illness of ESTHER who had to be removed in the vicinity of Camp Hancock. Happily, she is up and about again and as anxious as anyone for Carnpout time to arrive. NORMAN HESSEL terminated a lifetime of work as one of the area's better machinists on July 1 when he brought his tools from the machine shop at Cummins Diesel to the machine shop in the basement of the HESSEL home in Sellwood. NORM's vocation took him halfway around the world as he served his country in this field in the South Pacific during World War II. We don't know what it is that will be corning out of the HESSEL basement but we wish him many years to come of humming lathes. At the regular Friday meeting of July 9, President OPAL HELFRICH called forth DR. JOHN ALLEN and presented him with the Society's check in the amount of $500.00 to be applied to the seismograph fund. This brought the total of donations to $2,550.00, slightly more than half of the amount required to purchase this greatly needed piece of scientific equipment. Of the $2,050.00 already collected, JOHN reported that $1,500.00 of it had been donated by members of our Society! Doesn't that make your heart feel good? JOHN will be leaving August 3 for New Zealand and Australia where he will attend the International Geological Conference. From three to five thousand geologists from all over the world attend these sessions which are held every four years. Prior to this session, which will be held in Sidney, JOHN will enjoy a seven day field tour of Northern New Zealand. Then, upon completion of the Conference, he will partake of a ten day field tour of southern New Zealand. He will return in early September. I thought I told you once that DON BARR contracted valley fever while traveling in the State of Arizona and had to fly home irnrnedia tely, leaving DOROTHY and the trailer to come home with son Allen who went down to get them. A check of past issues shows no such entry which is an indication that your Editor thinks I talk too much. At any rate, DON seems to be recovering, albeit slowly. That valley fever can certainly take t~e whiz bang out of you. It's a good thing we do not have it here in Oregon. DON and DOROTHY will leave for Idaho after the Carnpout for one last look at rocks and fossils before his sabbatical ends with the beginning of school in September. And it seemed like such a long time to go when it started.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY Membership Roster as of July 1, 1976 Compiled by Dorothy R. Waiste, Secretary ABRAMOVIC, Emil & Helen M. 774-8228 3415 SE Glenwood St., 97202 O ALLEN, Dr. John E. & Margaret M. 223-0313 1717 SW Park Ave., #507, 97201 ALLISON, Isabelle D. 658-3906 21929 Tillstrom, Gresham, 97030 ANDRESEN, Dave & Nancy 649-6470 4765 SW 180 Ave., Aloha, 97005 "& ARMENTROUT, Dr. Herbert L. & Jane 20060 SE Hwy #224, Clackamas, 97015

*

BACH, Karl A. & Margaret A. 282-0645 2214 NE Brazee St., 97212 BAER, Peter E. & Virginia B. 228-2689 818 SW Vista Ave., 97205 BALDWIN, Dr. Ewart M. & Margaret 345-9755 2058 Harris St., Eugene, 97405 Mail to : Dept. of Geology, U. of o. Eugene, 97403 686-4582 BALLARD, Allan A. & Martha M. 771-4610 6310 SE Woodstock Blvd., 97206 292-9525 BALODIS, Lidija 3225 SW 97 Ave., 97225 252-6023 BARGAR, Joe L. 13239 NE Sacramento St., 97230 246-2785 & BARR, Donald D. & Dorothy I . 12438 SW Orchard Hill Rd., Lake Oswego, 97034 223-9837 BARRY, L. Audrey 1722 SW Vista Ave., 97201 775-4617 BARTHOLOMAY, Clara L. 7506 SE Mill St., 97215 BEAUCHAMP, Everett A. & Lucile 77 5-5490 5205 SE 33 Ave., 97202 245-2819 BECKER, Ralph G. & Yvonne Burke 8407 SW 58 Ave., 97219 BEE, Susan E. 228-1349 1809 SW 11 Ave., Apt. 200, 97201 BEEMER, Joseph D. & Barbara c. 228-7351 220 Morgan Park Bldg. 729 SW Alder St., 97205 BELI.ARTS, Lt. Col. Lawrence J. & Stella B. 17915 SE Vogel Rd., Boring 97009 BERGLUND, Donald E. & Ardyth B. 285-2769 4336 N. Amherst St., 97203 BIRDSALL, Lewis C. & Mura C. 775-6521 6815 SE 36 Ave., 97202 236-2488 . BISCHOFF, Lewis 7405 SE 21 Ave., 97202 775-2163 BISHOP, Shirley 4810 SE 35 Ave., 97202 BIXBY, DeForest F. 654-1586 6424 SE Monroe St., Milwaukie, 97222

BLAKESLEE, Ernest L. 775-2163 4810 SE 35 Ave. , 97202 BLORE, Stephen W. & Virginia · 292-4577 5520 SW Downs View Ct., 97221 BOCK, Karl R. & Beverly A. ' 659-9179 4722 SE Jackson St., Milwaukie, 97222 BOERSMA, Dr. Frank & Alberta A. 693-1952 120 W. 33 Ave . , Vancouver, Wn. 98660 BONEBRAKE, John H. & Phyllis G. 289-8597 4109 N. Winchell St., 97203 BOROSUND, Maxine A. 297-1186 9123 SW Morrison St., 97225 BROGAN, Phil F. & Louise 382-0560 1426 Harmon Blvd. NW, Bend, 97701 BRO'IHERS, Clayton W. & Peggy M. 771-5443 4136 SE Steele St., 97202 BROCKERT, Walter E. & Helen 509-773-5114 811 E. Elm Drive, Goldendale, Wn. 98620 BRUINIER, Marian A. 636-2539 2671 SW Glen Eagles Rd., L. Oswego, 97034 BRYAN, Gladys L. 246-6607 6309 SW 32 Ave . , 97201 BURGWIN, Mary J . (Mrs. Michael) 573-5140 4607 NW D. McCann Rd., Vancouver, 98665 BURKE, Melvin H. & Dorothy 222-5299 1930 SW Spring St., 97201 BUSH, A. Eldon & Gwendolyn M. 234-5900 1242 SE 60 Ave., 97215 BUSHEK, Douglas N. 235-4320 133 SE 27 Ave., 97214 BUTLER, Donald L. 254-7968 15149 NE Rose Parkway, 97230 771-1843 CAMPBELL, Donald R. & Alice 3003 SE 53 Ave ., 97206 252-4870 CASELTON, Kathleen 1905 NE 70 Ave., 97213 CHAPMAN , Dr. Merwyn P. & Patricia K. P.O. Box 57 , Doswell, VA 23047 CHITWOOD, Lawrence A. & Karen A. 389-2373 61644 Daly Estates Drive, Bend, 97701 288-2366 CLARK, Catharine T. 2008 NE 19 Ave., 97212 244-5026 COOK, Richard A. & Frances P. 2006 SW Sunset Blvd., 97201 244-5605 CORCORAN, R.E. (Andy) & Jean 9551 SW 62 Drive, 97219 663-3529 CORLIES, Earl L. & Ellen M. 97030 Route 2, Box 797, Gresham, 573-3334 DAFOE, Margaret M. 2715 NE 114 St., Vancouver, Wn. 98665 255-1813 DALE, Lt. Col. Maurice W. & Beatrice E. 2044 NE 144 Ave., 97230

1

DARLING, Gary H. & Barbara 665-8048 GAVIGAN, Gwen J. 206-696-1000 17725 NE Multnomah Dr., 97230 1112 W. 41 St., Vancouver, Wn. 98660 "& DELANO, Leonard H. & Emily L. 236-2139 GEORGE, Ruth M. 232-6610 1536 SE 11 Ave., 97214 (Business) 1924 SE 24 Ave., 97214 DENNIS, Frank & Beulah V. 284-7166 GERBER, Joseph A. & Helen 227-2881 6307 NE 32 Ave., 97211 2445 NW Northrup St., 97210 0 GILCHRIST, Dr. Francis G. & Pearl B. DEYOE, Harold L. "& P. O. Box 828, Port Angeles, Wn. 98362 636-5942 0644 SW Palatine Hill Rd., 97219 DOHERTY, Dorothy A. 234-9120 GILLETT, Bert & Patricia B. 543-2132 2732 SE Salmon St., 97214 Rte. 1, Box 246B, Scappoose, 97056 DOMAS, Emil & Opal 421-3862 GILLIS, Doris E. 223-0280 Ritter, Oregon 97872 5109 NW St. Helens Road~ 97210 DRAYER, Cynthia Marie B. 639-2741 GODFREY, Mary B. 232-1237 . .12832 SW 62 Ave., 97219 7735 SE 18 Ave., 97202 & DUNN, May R. 227-4397 GOLDSON, Ruth A. 244-2600 255 SW Harrison St., #8G, 97201 1351 SW Hume St., 97219 GOODRICH, Michael S. & Randi S. 620-2829 EGGLESTON, Vincent J. & Mary 253-6741 19250 SW Indian Creek Ave., Lake Oswego, 10030 NE Skidmore St., 97220 97034 EILERT, Don & Grace Scarbrough 245-3760 GREGORY, Drs. Victor & Delores 8621 SW 30 Ave., Apt. 204, 97219 2176 SW Main St., 97205 0 ERICKSON, Jane 636-1873 GREISEL, Irma J. 665-2351 2535 S. Glenmorrie Dr., L. Oswego, 97034 780 NW Norman Ave., Gresham, 97030 ERRETT, Sanford & Marjorie 289-6044 GRISWOLD, Daniel H. & Maud M. 246-7697 2707 N. Halleck St., 97217 6656 SW Miles Court, 97223 "& EWEN, Irving G. 281-7098 4128 NE 76 Ave., 97218 HACKETT, Cortez P. & Juanita 223-3024 950 SW 21 Ave., 97205 244-2778 HACKETT, F. Earl "& FAHRION, F. McNeal & L. Ellen 246-3291 9229 SW Capitol Hwy., 97219 0514 SW Palatine Hill Rd., 97219 382-5671 246-2446 FARNHAM, Frances HALL, George T. & Effie M. 1003 NW Brooks St., Bend, 97701 4707 SW Evans St., 97219 FELLOWS, Lawrence W. & Alice Anne 285-5708 HAMMILL, Kenneth C. & Dorothy 253-3679 1905 NE 77 Ave., 97213 2620 N. Terry St., 97217 FINK, v. Carl & Margaret N. 654-5570 289-0188 "&HAMMOND, Dr. John H. & Ester H. 7025 N. Oatman Ave., 97217 14815 SE Oatfield Rd., Milwaukie, 97222 FITE, George HAMMOND, Dr. Paul E. & Jean M. 228-0416 1689 Broadway Ave., Sp. 21 P. O. Box 751, 97207 Chula Vista, Calif 92011 HANSEN, Arthur 236-5009 281-5268 FLA.GIB, Geraldine I. 7326 SE 21 Ave., 97202 1723 NE 47 Ave., 97213 HANSON, Ernest A. & Myrtle E. 234-6994 4438 NE Royal Court, 97213 774-3963 FOLSOM, Delbert E. & Grayce 643-7207 HAWLEY, John W. & Diane B. 9577 SE Otty Place, 97266 1340 NW Jenne, 97229 FREED--see TAYLOR 771-7743 HF.ARN, John P. & Madeline FREER, William M. 234-5997 7631 SE Raymond St., 97206 131 SE 24 Ave., Apt. F, 97214 253-7446 HELFRICH, Merle C. & Opal M. 892-4136 FRIBERG, Harry L. & Mildred E. 251 NE 133 Ave., 97230 18017 NE 18 St., Vancouver, Wn. 98664 HEJJ.ER, Eleanor T. 761-1384 14231 SE Ellis St., 97236 GAMER, Robert L. & Louise E. 362-1107 288-3347 BERTZMABK, Marcy 1893 Lexington Circle, SE, Salem, 97302 5927 NE 19 Ave., 97211 GARZA, Raymond E. & Donna 646-9560 236-7860 HESSEL, Noonan A. & Geneva E. 11345 SW Jody St., Beaverton, 97005 1665 SE Harney St., 97202 2

HIGIX>N, Frank A. & Rosina F. 254-8255 406 SE 89 Ave., 97216 HILDENBRAND, Paul R. & C. Joyce 621-3556 Route 1, Box 264, 97231 HILDENBRAND, Sue E. 222-7463 P. O. Box 10538, 97210 HOFIAND, Robert E. & Phyllis M. 281-0901 5937 NE Mason St., 97218 HOLLAND, Jasper L. & Bessie Lou 644-7270 1820 SW Wynwood Ave., 97225 HOLLINGER, Ray I. 2326 NW 24 Ave., 97210 HOLZWARTH, Milbert M. & Charlene M. 2524 NE 34 Ave., 97212 284-3444 HOVEN, Rowena 747-4619 35602 Camp Creek Rd., Springfield, 97477 HOWARD, Margaret (Mrs. Charles) 285-8839 P. O. Box 03223, 97203 0 HOWELL, Margaret R. 244-5728 9130 SW Borders St., 97223 HUSTER, George B. & Leona E. 761-4209 3321 SE 180 Ave., 97236 HUTT, Dr. Clyde B. & Christine A. 696-9384 3720 E. Mill Plain Blvd, #4, Vancouver, Wn. 98661 INGRAM, James 672- 3886 Rte. 1, Box 561, Roseburg, 97470

KNAPP, 0. Edwina 246-1188 4335 SW Altadena Ave., 97201 KOENIG, Donald E. & C. June 656-7013 12416 SE Capps Rd., Clackamas, 97015 LATHROP, Dr. Theodore G. & Marje H. 656-3289 810 Jefferson St., Oregon City, 97045 LAURENCE, T. Herbert & Bertha M. 232-5294 1808 SE 35 Place, 97214 LAWLER, John F. 254-6891 12428 NE Halsey St., #43, 97230 LAWSON, Col. Paul F. & Theresa C. 694-4814 7509 Carolina Lane, Vancouver, Wn. 98664 LEIBHAM, Kenneth 666-4420 1136 NE 181 Ave., #26, 97230 LEROY, Julie A. 228-1925 1227 SW 18 Ave., 97205 LeVEE, Brian A. & Ellen 636-0595 2980 S. Glenmorrie Dr., L. Oswego, 97034 LEWIS, George E. & Rhoda I. 654-4707 3723 SE Roethe Rd ., Milwaukie, 97222 11 & LIBBEY, Fay W. 227-2145 2014 NW Glisan St., #208, 97209 LLOYD, L. G. & Elizabeth 636-4493 01139 SW Palatine Hill Rd., 97219 LONG, Edward J. & Lorna D. 656-1035 600 E. Fairfield St., Gladstone, 97027 LONG, John K. & Phyllis H. 648-1053 1005 E. Jackson St., Hi llsboro, 97123 LOWE, Dr. Alexander D. & Marlys 451-2822 2206 Caroline Lane South St. Paul, Minn. 55075 235-5669 LOWRY, Mar y A. 4118 SE Belmont St., 97214 LUCIER, Roy B. 244-2847 10134 SW 50 Ave., 97219 LUND, Dr . Ernest H. & Jeanette F. 686-4577 Dept. of Geology, U of O, Eugene, 97403

# JENNISON, Harri L. & Ruth M. 234-2701 1561 SE Linn St., 97202 # JOHNSON, E. Cleve land 281- 7494 Mail to: 3710 SE Pinehurst Milwaukie, 97222 JOHNSON, Herbert & Ruth 281-0341 2004 NE 17 Ave., 97212 JOHNSTON, Theodore & Florence 565-3586 Route 1, Box 1, Moro, 97039 0# JONES, Ors. Arthur c. & Freeda H. 222-3100 "& 3300 SW Heather Lane, 97201 JONES, Roy & Pearl 393-3494 8390 Wheatland Rd. NE, Salem, 97303 "&MALIN Sr . , George E. & Lynn E. 655-1051 14016 S. Livesay Rd., Oregon City, 97045 MANNEL, Francis P. & Zellah M. 232-2942 "& KEEN, Albert J. & Dr. Ruth H. 222-1430 16 NE 17 Ave., 97232 4138 SW 4 Ave ., 97201 KENNEDY, William & Esther A. MASON, Marjorie J. 284-6752 287-3091 5824 NE 30 Ave., 97211 6124 NE 28 Ave., 97211 11 & MASON, Ralph S. & Dorothy 244-2106 KENNEY, Albert R. 3932 SW Idaho Terrace, 97221 Adelaide, South Australia 11 0 KENNEY, Laurette W. 775-5697 & McCLUNG, Wallace R. & Eleanor K. 666-3355 1615 NW 1st St., Gresham, 97030 4125 SE Gladstone St., 97202 McKERAGHAN, Dale S. KERN, Emery R. & Agnes 665-4628 1126 SW 12 Ave., 97205 152 SE Kelly Ave., Gresham, 97030 MERRYMAN, Frank J. 246-4494 KINSMAN, Ray & Elaine 648-3434 9318 SW 2 Ave., 97219 1832 NE 9 Ave., Hillsboro, 97123 MEYER, William F. & Mary J. 292-2334 KIRSCHT, Leo & Dorothy A. 635-3153 8036 SW Valley View Court , 97225 2945 Dellwood Drive, Lake Oswego, 97034 MICHEL, Della M. 227-5390 KIRT, Jean E. 228-1068 2368 W. Burnside St., #205, 97210 255 SW Harrison St., #17G, 97201 MILES, N. Bruce & Margaret W. 648-7396 KLIMAS, Edward & Muriel B. 244-3638 1252 SE Alder St., Hillsboro, 97123 7534 SW Brier Place, 97219 3

MILLER, Arthur H. & Tenny B. Bridgewood Apt. #51 2550 Lancaster Dr. NE, Salem, 97303 MILLER, Gwen V. 654-5007 4050 SE Jackson St. , Milwaukie, 97222 MILLER, Lillian M. 771-6154 3122 SE 73 Ave., 97206 0 MILLER, Murray R. 656; 6724 1018 Promontory Ave., Oregon City, 97045 MOFFIT, Donald C. & Grace H. 563-4900 3210 Highway 34, Waldport, 97394 MOORE, Harold O. & Patricia Gay 254-0135 13624 SE Clay St., 97233 MORRISON, J. Rex & Gladys G. 696-1294 5610 NE 40 St., Vancouver, Wn. 98661 MORRISON, Wallace W. & Helen 1790 Landau, Woodburn, 97071 MOSTUE, A. Brian & Emily C. 281-7252 3134 NE 24 Ave., 97212 MUCK, Dr. Earl C. & Margaret 289-4695 2715 N. Emerson St., 97217 0 MURPHY, C. Truman L. & Edythe 244-9363 6755 SW Terri Ct., Apt. 53, 97225

PIGG, J. Doyle & Polly . May 8150 SW Birchwood Rd., 97225 PUGH, Richard N. 4617 NE 26 Ave., 97211

297-1183 287-6733

RAMSDELL, Vittz-James & Elaine 775-6544 3011 SE Bybee Blvd., 97202 REED, Kenneth R. & Evelyn June 648-4086 178 NE 37, Hillsboro, 97123 RENTSCH, Jess R. 223-4181 611 SW 10 Ave., 97205 RIGBY, Emma M. 235-0770 2729 SE 49 Ave., 97206 ROBISON, James H. & Doreen N. 645-2935 2805 NW Forest Ave., Beaverton, 97005 ROMANS, Paul B. & Diane C. 287-9280 2324 NE 36 Ave., 97212 ROSCOE, Roderick T. 206-776-5511 c/o Warnek, 6408 - 233rd Pl. SW Mountlake Terrace, Wn. 9tb4J RUHMANN, William H. 636-9814 37 Bloch Terrace, L. Oswego, 97034

NAFZIGER, Ralph H. 926-4556 SACHTLER, Harry H. 232-8920 1133 SW 29 Ave. , Albany, 97321 931 SE SO Ave., 97215 NEWCOMB, Reuben C. & Helene B. 636-4062 SARGENT, Samuel C. 282-7911 01631 SW Radcliffe Rd., 97219 1824 NE Wasco St., 97232 NEWHOUSE, Hazel R. 289-3441 0# SCHMINKY, Ruth 236-3903 4709 N. Willamette Blvd., 97203 1030 SE 54 Ave., 97215 NICHOLS, Alfred I. & Grace W. 654-8125 SCHREIBER, Jean E. 631-2738 3500 SE Concord Rd., #50, Milwaukie, 17743 S. Redland Road, Oregon City, 97045 97222 SHEPARD, Daniel K. & Martha C. 246-8905 9270 SW Camille Terrace, 97223 OBERLANDER, Patricia J. 644-7529 SHRADER, Lea 620-2848 5450 SW Main St., Beaverton, 97005 16065 SW Queen Victoria Pl, Tigard 97223 282-3685 1F" OBERSON, Louis E. & &Viola L. 0# SIMON, Leo F. 236-0549 & 3569 NE Stanton St., 97212 "& 7006 SE 21 Ave., 97202 O'BRIEN, William C. SINGLETON, Harold C. 636-2539 4655 SE Thiessen Rd., Milwaukie, 97222 2671 SW Glen Eagles Rd., L. Oswego, 97034 OREM, Hollis M. & Margaret L. 234-2650 SIPPLE, Norman W. & Dorothy 538-5317 434 NE Mirimar Place, 97232 Rte. 3, Box 114, Sherwood, 97140 SKUTT, Neil 223-7738 771-0586 PALMER, Ada 111 SW Harrison St., #152, 97201 2641 SE 81 Ave., 97206 SMITH, Almeda 665-0364 PANKOW, Hugo A. & Eleanor T. 292-5263 18001 SE Powell Blvd., #78, 97236 155 NW 99 Ave., 97229 SNYDER, Dell L. & Virginia L. 777-3542 288-3600 PARKS, Don B. & Enid L. 7034 SE 32 Ave., 97202 3033 NE Knott St., 97212 SODERBERG, Margaret 235-3821 282-2170 #PATERSON, William F. & Delia A. 2015 SE Harney St., 97202 2170 NE Hancock St., 97212 SOOTS, Parks A. & Bonita W. 760-3508 829-9421 PATTERSON, Nora 3915 SE 103 Ave., 97266 P. O.Box 574, Molalla, 97038 223-6833 "&STAHL, Clair F. & Peigi S. 281-2220 PERLEY, Anne 3235 NE 61 Ave., 972J.3 1068 SW Gaines St., 97201 246-6913 "& STAUFFER, Dr. James & Paula 635-2673 PETERSON, Jan 717 8th St., Lake Oswego, 97034 8135 SW 41 Ave., 97219 STEERE, Margaret L. 246-1670 223-3312 1F" PHILLIPS, Clarence D. & Mildred 6929 SW 34 Ave., 97219 & 1485 SW Cardinell Dr., 97201 STEINBARGE, Leigh R. & Beatrice 693-1546 1F" PHIU.IPS, Kenneth N. & Georgia T. 235-1052 1016 W. 44 Ave., Vancouver, Wn. 98660 & 4124 SE Wood~rd St., 97202 4

STIPE, 'lbomas M. & Patricia B. 774-2635 3206 SE Knapp St., 97202 STRAND, Lester C. 252-5249 1142 NE 104 Ave., 97220 '& STRONG, Archie K. & Laura E. 244-1488 6923 SW 2 Ave., 97219 509-427-830.1 STRONG, Emory & Ruth Skamania Route Box 363, Stevenson, Wn. 98648 STUART, W. Harold & Florence B. 227-5125 430 NW Maywood Dr., 97210 STURLEY, Ynez H.

"&

612 NTN 20 1ve . , #14, 97209 636-1936 TARTER, Darrel P. & Nancy W. 3178 SW Douglas Circle Lake Oswego, 97034 292-8756 TAYLOR, John B. & Hilda 5805 NW Skyline Blvd., 97229 222-1658 Mail to : Hilda Freed Taylor 1027 Arn. Bank Bldg., 97205 281-2119 TERRALL, Dr. Vance L. & Joy H. 3248 NE Thompson St., 97212 THOMS, Meredith E. 227-6973 2545 SW Terwilliger Blvd., #635, 97201 TURNER, Donald G. & Elizabeth J. 246-3192 4350 SW Altadena Ave., 97201 234-8730 TURNER, Jay E. & Ruby J. 5611 SE Madison St., 97215 UPTMOR, Victor & Yvonne 1313 NE 72 St., Vancouver, Wn.

WEBER, Dr. David E. & Frances L. 253-7340 8005 SE Morrison St., 97215 WELLS, Judy 282-7500 1332 NE 21 Ave., #8, 97232 WHITMER, Dr. John H. & Judith G. 588-1470 45 Lagoon Lane SW, Tacoma, Wn. 98498 WHYTE, Helen M. 228-5768 2081 NW Everett St., 97209 WILCOX, Lloyd A. & Reba F. 636-6594 16650 SW Lake Forest Blvd. Lake Grove, 97034 WILCOX, Melvin K. & Brenda S. 638-8702 19355 SW 65 Ave., Apt. 62, Tualatin, 97062 WINDER, Frank J. 281-9424 4638 NE 34 Ave., 97211 ZELLER, Dr. Robert W. & Betty 8635 SW Fairway Drive, 97225

292-1900

JUNIOR MEMBERS REED, David H. 9635 SE Mill St., 97216

255-8780

693-2087 98665

VANDERLINDE, Jerry A. & Thuy 701-293-5998 902 N. 8 St., Fargo, ND 58102 VAN VEEN, Kathleen L. 775-7364 3106 SE 45 Ave., 97206 VARELA, Virginia L. 656-7537 1215 4th St., Oregon City, 97045 VOGT, Paul J. & Beverly F. 292-6939 4841 SW 60 Place, 97221 VREELAND, Paul R. & Darline 92256 48910 Hibiscus, Morongo Valley, CA 92256 WAGNER, Marie K. 222-3493 1088 SW Gaines St., 97201 WAISTE, Robert & Dorothy R. 235-4320 133 SE 27 Ave., 97214 701-235-0184 WALDRON, Fred R. P.O. Box 1428, Fargo, N.D. 58102 & WALTERS, Jennie W. 282-4272 1345 NE 59 Ave., 97213 644-0745 WAL'lllALL, Glenn E. & Pauline 13905 SW Ronald Ct., Beaverton, 97005 649-2180 WASHBURN, N. Brice & Mildred E. 2905 SW 209 Ave., Aloha, 97005 WATTENBARGER, Donald C. & Carolyn K. 654-1838 11959 SE 67 Ave., Milwaukie, 97222

# Charter Member 0 Honorary Life Member & Fellow " Past President * Sponsor ** Patron *** Benefactor

5

SEP

rn76

PROPERTY OP UBR\L{ L &. ~ ··•i:P L l"lDU ... ORBOONDEPT.UEO. p~~TL~~D. OREO. •TATB OPPICE BLDO ••

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY P.O. Box 8579

•

Portland, Oregon 97207

Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE PAID Portland, Oregon Permit No. 999

Return Postage Guaranteed

State of Otegon (2 of ~) Dept. o! Geology & Mineral Indust. 1069 State Office Bldg. Portland.Ore. 97201

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY

1976-1977 ftDMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Opal M. Helfrich

251 NE 133

~venue

Portland, Oregon 972J> Vice President Norman A. Hessel 166$ SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 Secretary Dorothy R. Waiste 133 SE 27 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth 2524 NE 34 Avenue Pnrtland, Oregon 97212

253-7446

236-7860

235-4320

Directors ?.illie.n M. Miller (3 years) Vincent J. Eggleston (2 years) Emily L. Delano (l year) I111nediate P~st Presidents Jnhn H. Bonebrake Clair F. Ste1hl

771-6154 253-6741 236-2139 289-8597 261-2220

GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER Editor Margaret R. Hovell Assistant Editor Marcy Hertzmark Business Manager Lloyd A. Wilcox

244-5728 288-3347 636-6594

ACTIVITIES CHAIRMEN Science Study Hellis and Margaret Orem Field Trips George E. Malin Sr. Historian Lilli ~n M. Miller Hospitality Lynn E. Mali n Lectures N~rman A. Hessel Librarian Kathleen Caselton Luncheons !so F. Simon Luncheon Programs Laurette W. Kenney E~rth

234-26'0 65S-10$1

771-615'4

6S5-lo51 236-786o 252-4870 236-0S49

Membership Ruth A. Gnldson PrnJ)erties Robert Waiste Publicatinns Lloyd A. Wilcox Publicity Marcy Hertzmark Telephone L. ~lien Fahri('ln Transpnrtation RosinR F. Hi gdon Past Presidents' Panel J('lhn H. Bonebrake

244-2600 235-4320 636-6594 286-3347 244- 2778

2$4-825S 289-8597

77$-56?7 ACTIVITIES

LECTURES: Second and f(')ur~h Fridays, 8:00 p.m., Rnom 53, Cranier H;;ill, Portland State University, SW BroadwRy at Mill Street. FIELD TRIPS: Usually one per month, via priv~te cRr, c ar~va n or chartered bus. EARTH SCIENCE STUDY: Third Tuesday, except ·June, July, August, 8:00 p.m., R~nm 17, Cramer H~ll. LibrRry, Ronm S7, open at 7:00 o.m. fnr browsing. LUNCHEONS: Every Thursday noon, exeeot holidays. Mnuntain Room, &wntl:'lwn YMCA, SW Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Brnwn bag, nr snacks and bever.!lges avRilable. ANNUAL EVENTS: President's Ca~out - summer. Picnic - August. Banquet - &rch. PUBLICATICN: The Oeolng!E!! Newsletter, published nnce each l'lk.onth and mailed to each rne1t1bership. Subscriotions avtlilable to librciries and nrga.nizRti ons at $5.oo a year. Single copies, 50 cents.

..

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935 VOL 42, NO. 9

SEPTEMBER 1976

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES September l.O,

Friday

LECTURE - Cramer Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8:00 p.m. GLACIER BAY AND WEST CHICHAGOFF ISLAND, ALASKA -

An IJ.J.ustrated Lecture. Speaker: Dr. John H. Whitmer - Tacoma, Washington. September 24,

Friday

September 2S Saturday

LECTURE - Crwner Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8:00 p.m. REVIEW OF MY CAMP HANCOCK EXPERIENCES - Talk and Slide Show. Speaker: Danny Williams - Danny received a partial scholarship from GSOC to attend Camp Hancock this summer. Speaker: John Lawler - Elementary teacher, Portland Public Schools - Subject to be announced later.

FIELD TRIP:

Lewis River, east of Woodland, Wn., Ariel, Yale, Swift Dams and vicinity. Leader: Don Barr Meet at 9z30 a.m. at the Oak Tree restaurant, Woodland (about 20 miles north of Vancouver on I-5). Purpose: To view lava tubes, volcanic features, flora and fauna.

Bring lunch, lanterns or li ghts, rock hammers, camerss, etc. Dress to fit the weather.

LUNCHEONS Thursdays at noon, The Hungry Horse, Green Room, in the Georgia-Pacific Building. September 2,

NUCLF.AR P~ SAFEGUARDS (Illustrated) Speaker: Mr. Ryan Lawrence, Attorney at Law.

September 9,

DECIPHERI!'C MAYAN HIEROOLYPHICS Speaker: Cynthia Marie B. Drayer, PSU graduate with degrees in Geology and Anthropology.

September 16,

SIKKIM Speaker :

September 23,

AREAS OF AMERICAN HISTORY (Illustrated) Speaker:

September 30,

Dorothy B. Scattergood, Curator, retired, Bruckner Museum, Albion, Michigan. Effie M. Hall, member of GSOC.

GEOLOGY AND FUNG I

Speakers:

Marjorie J. Ma.son, member of GSOC. Dale s. McKeraghan, me?:iber of GSOC.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER SEPTEMBER 1976

82

CAMP-OUT AT THE PA UL I~ MOUNTAIN-f ~T ROCK AREA

By Robert L. Gamer, Senior Geologist Foundation Sciences, Inc. About 150 years ago, in 1826, old Pete Ogden and a party of 35 trappers came through Paulina Mountain searching for beavers. More recently, between July 24 and 31 of 1976, a party of 95 GSOCers and 5 dogs followed in the footsteps of old Pete. They had a good look at Paulina Peak, Newberry Crater, and the surrounding country but didn't find any beavers. There undoubtedly have been some improvements, such as roads and trails and water wells, since Odgen's day; but, as viawed from a distance, the scenery hasn't cha~ed much. Moreover, the GSOCer& were bitten by the descendants of the same mosquitos that plagued the Ogden party. As every GSOC camper now knows, the history of Paulina Mountain, and the High Lava Plains that surround it, goes back a great deal farther than the expedition& of Peter Skene Ogden or the depredations of Paulina, chief of the renegade Piutes, who devastated the area in 1855. But even chief Paulina did a poor job of devastation C08'>8-red with the havoc wrought by the volcanic forces of nature which preceded him. The Natural History of the region is a story of cataclysmic volcanic explosions, of fiery destructive eruptions, of hot smothering blast-furnace-like volcanic tornadoes, and violent land shattering earthquakes. On the quieter side tt has also been the scene of placid lakes where dwelt a people of idyllic, lake-side culture. But, we are getting ahead of our story. A description of the area is in order. The High Lava Plains extend from the Cascade Range near Bend easbe.rd to Malheur Cave and from the Blue Mountains •outh•rd to the Basin and Pange Region of eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. It is the younge6t and least eroded region in the state.

Geologically you~ lava flows, accuirulat ions of ash, cinders, pumice, obsidian and similar extrusive igneous rocks cover the ground surface. Needless to say, the area is in a youthful stage of erosion. It is a high country. Elevations range from 3500 at Deschutes River to 7720 at Paulina Peak. Except in the •stern and western extremities (where it drains into the Malheur and the Deschutes Rivers) the High I.Java Plains are largely undrained. Beyond the .atersheds of these two rivers, the streams simply disappear into lava beds or playa lakes and are never seen again. The cliA'Bte ranges from 8 to atures vary from in the winter to in the sunier.

is 15 an an

dry. Rainfall inches. Temperaverage low of 21 0 0 average high of 67

Trips into the field were led by Ruth Keen, Clair Stahl, Donald Barr, Robert Waiste, La.wrence Chitwood and Norman Peterson. Lectures were given by Ben Jaques, Jr., Phi 1 Brogan and Bruce Nolf. Official trips were rade to Pauline. Lake, Pauline. Peak, Q,sidian Flow, Paulina falls, and lJt.va Cast forest. Trips also included lJt.ve Butte (including Vieitors' Center, lJt.va Flow and Crater), Devil's Garden, l.Pva River Cave, Derricks Cave, Boyd Cave, Skeleton Cave, Arnold Ice Cav6 fort Rock and Hole'.- in..th~Ground; also Bend Municipal Park, Meadow Camp Ground, Dillon falls, and Benham Falls. An Unofficial trip east of the Deschutes River and an air flight over the area were also taken on the free days. During the trip GSOCers saw and learned all about tuff rings, .aars, cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, lava caves, diaremes, explosion craters, calderas, obsidian f l0¥1s, volcanic domes, spatter cones, pressure ridges, ba&alt flows, pahoehoe lava, aa lava, i~nimbrites, welded tuffs, vitric tuffs, lithic tuffs, dikytaxitic textures, clinkers, obsidian froth, flow banding, tree casts, carbon dating, sink holes, lava trenches, la~ caves, lava cicles, lava shelves, flow

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SEPTEMBER 1976

lines, lava gutters, lava stopeg, &and gardens, lava •ll linings, roof fallouts, center flows, and road dust. The latter filled everyones nostrils and ears from China Hat to Hole-in-theGround. As if all this •sn•t enough, the GSCCers also learned about Cross Billed Finches (Cardueli& L.axia). There is too 1ruch variation in the volcanic rocks of the region to detail all the di ff er ent types here. None-theless, a few nust be 111entioned. The John Day rhyolite pyroclastics of Mi~ene­ Oligocene age crop out some 20 mi lea east of Bend. This formation is over• lain by the Columbia River Baealt about 50 ~iles to the north. Both these formations, or their age equi'Y&lents, probably underlie the area at depth.

Above theft\ as exposed along the •l le of the Newberry Crater, are: Unit 1) Rhyolite and de.cite lavas, 60 to 80 feet thick. Unit 2) Platy andesite lavas, 20 to 300 feet thick. Unit 3) Red scoria beds, 2 to 80 feet thick. Unit 4) Ml.fie tuff with graded bedding 2 to 30 feet thick. Overlying these units both within the crater and on its flanks are aequencee of Pleietocene to Recent rhyoli te·,

obsidian, and es i te, and base. lt lavas as well as the various minor volcanoes which erupted th~. Also, there are n.imerous tuff, cinder, landslide and talus deposits. AllOng these are the Mt. Mazama Ash, 600o+ years old (which we.a puffed out by the collap6e at Cratw Lake} and the Newberry ash some 200o+ years old. Surrounding the Newberry Volcano from Bend to Fox Butte to Fort Rock and on to Benham Fall& the countryside is made up largely of flat-lyine volcanic, stream, and lake deposits. These deposit& range from Pliocene to Recent age. Along the Deschutes River they included three different basalt flows and a welded tuff. Within this area. occurs the collapsed crater of Hole-i~the-Ground and the various lava caves as well as cinder cones, spatter cones, and flattopped mesas visited by the GSCCers. Before the collapse of the present

Newberry Caldera, rhyolite and dacite flows erupted upon an older surface possibly made up of the John Day or Coluinbia River lava formations or their equivalents. The lavas inched their way down into a shallow cal~era in its early stages of collapse. These lavas were very stiff and moved only for short distancea beyond their vents. Next, andesi tes erupted, building up layer by layer the shield already started by the rhyolites. Then, basalt acoria, probably eruptinQ from the same vent, covered the andesites. By this time the caldera had sunk deep enough to hold a shallow lake. Further intermittent eruptions came from vents beneath the lake. They deposited layers of wet, airborne im.ad and formed the nafic tuffs. Contir..aed vulcaniam laid down a welded tuff on the east •11, basal ts and andesi tea on the west •11 and scoria on the south •11 of Newberry Crater. Movement alo~ faults dow~dropped the western part of the aunmit and part of the caldera. The f ina.1 collapse of the caldwa to ita present day levels •s accompanied by the eruption of the rhyolite which flowed out of f iasurea near the south wall. It form& the Pauline. Peak rhyolite. While all this•• going on there was additior.l volcanic activity in the area surroundi~ Mt. Paulina. Cinder cones were blowing ash; calderas were collapsing; volcanic domes were rising; hot volcanic clouds were avalanching; lava rivers were flowing; and lava caves were forming. Playa lakes rose and dried up; rivers were danrned; lava dams were breached. Spectacular rapids and fall& were created. Evidence for the creation of all these things and the breathtaking beauty of the countryside itself were awe inspiring to the GSCC.ra on their 1976 Camp-out. COLLAPSED CALDERAS

By Opal Helfrich DR. BRUCE NOLF, geologist and volcanologist at Central Oregon Community College joined our campout on Saturday night, July

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84

24 after a hurried trip from Steens Mountain where he had been conducting classes. Our numbers had been increased by about thirty students and their instructor, Michael Mitchell from Lane County Community College.

SEPTEMBER 1976

in several stages over a period of time.

Fernadino is a tremendous volcano, 25 miles across and 5,000 ft. high with an elevation above sea level equivalent to the Sisters. There are many fresh flows with six major events in the last 15 years. The block sank slowly a total of . ~ As we gathered around the campabout 3,000 ft., like a piston in fire in the log lodge, Dr. Nolf a cylinder, causing striations to provided us with a beautifully occur on the inside walls, with illustrated lecture showing the subsequent avalanching. This reanalogy between the older events leased a tremendous amount of enthat occurred in the formation of Newberry Crater and the newer ones ergy, contributing to some 640 he studied in the collapse of Fer- recorded earthquakes, many of magnitude 5, very large for a volcano. nadino Volcano in the Galapagos The block may drop more on one Islands in 1968. These volcanic side than another, producing a islands are the tops of basaltic slope, sometimes with rotation. volcanos with great down-drop blocks or calderas in · the center. A great mushroom cloud formed at While Newberry is not an oceanic the time of collapse, measuring volcano, in terms of morphology 24 km. high and spreading radially and chemistry of the lavas, it outward hundreds of kilometers at is similar. Both are broad basaltic shield volcanos with the rate of 80 km. an hour. A a similar history from the point mile from the vent and one-half of caldera collapse and accommile above it large boulders were panying type s of eru ption. thrown out creating impact craters. The vessel Fort Nicholson going In the building of volcanos, through the Panama Canal sailed when very fluid lavas are poured half a day in near total darkness out, the result is a very low going through the ash cloud 150 profile. If the lavas are very to 300 km. away. Ash on deck viscous, they spill out to form measured up to i mm. in diameter. domes, such as exist at the head of the Big Obsidian Flow in NewIn examining directional features berry Crater. If material is of the ash fall, there is clear thrown out violently or exploevidence of high velocity lateral sively, a cinder cone is formed. flow. The trees were debarked on Still another type is a composthe upflow side, broken off, deite volcano which ejects various limbed and bent away from the materials over a period of time blast. When ground water gains to form peaks such as the High access to the basaltic melt, it Cascades. produces a violent steam eruption; a base surge spreads radThe difference between Newberry ially outward at hurricane veloand the Galapagos volcanos is city. A muddy slurry is plastered that on the latter, there are two on vegetation and boulders on the slope angles, a very broad lower side from which the flow came and profile with a steeper upper slope. did not char or burn the trees. It decelerated quickly, producing The reason for this is not clear, concentric wave forms as it flowed. but the best suggestion is that the upper flow has been bent Repeated surges build a ring-like upward. On both there is a volcano. · very flat top, the result of caldera collapse, . which occurs

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SEPTEMBER 1976

Earth Science Seminar Hollis and Margaret Orem Because we will be in charge of the programs for Library Night, we feel that a general outline for the year would be appropriate. We hope to present a program of basic geology with related subjects to serve as an introduction .ti newcomere and as a review for long-time membe:re. And, of course, there will be a social time after the meeting. With the help of those members and friends of the Society who are willing and able to give their time and lend their materials, we will do our best to have interesting meetings for you.

NEW GSOCer FUSSNER, Jane Spencer

Star Route Spray, Oregon

97874

468-2472

Mrs. FUssner is a homemaker and county

planning col!llT!ission member.

A college

course with the renowned geologist Kirtley Mather at Harvard stimulated a continuing interest in geology. Jane participated in a field trip at Camp Hancock with Dorothy and Don Barr and has been on other field trips with Ralph Mason and Prof. Thayer in the John Day area. George A. Munro September 26, 1912 - July 23, 1976 LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS

By William M. Freer Last February Leonard and Emily Delano took a quick winter vacation and flew down to Mazatlan for a week, and at the July 22 Thursday Luncheon EMILY told us about it. Mazatl/n is a rapidly growing resort towD orienting itself toward American tourism and is rapidly becoming a lush and plush watering place. Emily told us about the houses and the interesting architecture, the cnurches, the hotels &Ad motels, the beaches with a 75-degree ocean, the sport fishing, the tropical flora, and the generally salubrius atmosphere, all of which combine to soothe and relax frayed nerves. i~o strangers to the Mexican We et Coast, the Delanos haTe other favorite places down there -- Hermosillo, Navojoa, Ciudad Obregoa, and most favorite ot all the little town of Alamos, founded in 1531 with its picturesque ohuroh built in 1786. When BERT GILLETT titled his talk at the July 29 J.iuncheon 11Fossils From Here, There, and Everywhere" he wasn•t kidding. At Lunch.eon time he appeared bearing a large carton weighing eighty-six and ~ half pounds with fossils from Alaska, the ~hilippines, Coos Bay, China, and sundry other places. 'l'he program developed into a Show and Tell type of thing, and what Bert couldn't tell us about someone else ·could and did. Soon everyone was participating, and with all the spirited chatter and ar gu• ments going on it seemed like old times. Bert has some splendid sp~c-

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SEPTEMBER 1976

imens, and he credited Dr. James Stautter with augmenting his collection substantially. Most notable items shown were the skull of an oreodon, ammonites, scallops from Coos Bay, casts of trilobites, equisetum, and handsome cephalodes from China. Bert gave us a lively and challenging session such as we haTen't had for a long till•. At the August 5 Luncheon DR. STEPHEN F. DALE, who is the son of our Colonel an.d Mrs. Dale, and is also the Professor of Asiatic History at Ohio State Un'iversity, gave us an absorbingly interesting illustrated talk on Afghanistan, Iran and India. Dr. Dale, a Fulbright Scholar, has spent three years in India at various times. Among the many views shown were churches, palaces and mosques of surpassing beauty with lovely arches and domes and towering minarets from which the muezzin calls the Moslem people to prayer. 'lheee exotic structures are built in the Persian version of Islamic architecture and many of the domes and other surfaces are inlaid with the most intricate and delicate mosaics. We traveled first to Isfahan in Iran and then to Herat in Afghanistan and Kerala in Kerala State in India. When the state Division of Motor Vehicles couldn ; t make it to the 12 Luncheon DOUG Buo~ obligingly filled in with the most appealing and effective bird's-eye view of New Orleans that we have eTer seen. With a fast-running commentary he developed the French Quarter, emphasizing the beautiful wrought iron work -- railings, gates, grilles, balconies -- for which New Orleans is traditionally :tamous. He showed us many delightful old houses and buildings -- some over 250 years old. He emphae sized the Spanish influence, and showed us views of Basia and Canal Streets; the new Super Dome which could enclose Houston's Astro Dome, the Mississippi River and its celebrated river boats, and a street car named Desire • • • all interspersed with a garnishing ot interesting historical notes and legends. Doug was most successful in imparting to us the authentic atmosphere and flavor of New Orleans. ~ugust

f'EWS Of MEWSERS By Lloyd and Reba Wilcox

with good friends and with ones own inner self. Unless it is the time that follows after. When memories grow into legends that find their way iAto the For sure and it is the anticipattales of yesteryear whenever good GSC£ion of the week that is coming that ers get together. Yes, perhaps that is makes a CalJl>out the great thing that the best part of the Campout. I am sure it is. From the first announcement of it will be to some of this year's resthe time and place until the eve of dep- idents of Newberry Caldera. Those who arture, one's interest grows by leaps bore the frustrations that accompanied and bounds, especially if the location the breakdown of their vehicles. To is in an area with which one is familYFC and DON T~NER it meant the replaceiar. Indeed, the excitement of the ment of automatic transmissions, in planning and lhe we.it i ng make this time whole or in part. fo NCRM HESSEL it the best time of the Campout. Until, meant replacement of radiator hoses, of course, comes the Ca~out itself. one on Monday that blew his participatNothing can beat that mad pace of one ion day's Field Trip, and, week cranmed full of new adventure, re- againinonthat Tuesday, that kept hi~ up all newing of friendships with other membnight and helped him to mis& that er& from other places, seen only this night's Campfire and the followi~ one time each year, and the sheer day's Trip. To JOE BARGAR 1t pleasure of being out in the great out- meant Field the loss of the use of his auto doors in silent cormunion with nature, throughout the week due to radiator

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER SEPTEMBER 1976

trouble that kept his car in a repair shop in Bend through most of the Ca~ out. Exasperated also were GEORGE ~LIN who blew a heater hose on Monday and AL KEEN who sweated out a flat tire in the desert on Wednesday. Oh yes, frustrations there were that clouded the days, but time heals all wounds and already this mortal nanages a feeble grin as he ponders whether to also replace the carburetor that failed or junk the whole thing in favor of a wheelbarrow. Yes, these adventures will be the subject of many a conver&ation in the future and will probably be expanded in the telling until they are unrecognizable. But that is what legends are ,.,de of. The hours spent in fishing by DOUG BUSHEK, WALLY McCLIDC, BOB WAI STE, ARCHIE STRONG, BILLY VANDERLINE, and Yours Truly will take on

new glory as time takes them ever farther from the truth.

Some ninety strong, we gathered there in the great caldera of Newberry to feast our eyes and f i 11 our minds with new knowledge of that faacinati"Q volcanic wonder land. Our stay beQ8.n propituoualy with a Saturday night lecture by Dr. Bruce Nolf, instructor of geology at Central Oregon Conrnunity College in Bend. Bruce was a member of the s~ithsonian Expedition to the Galapagos Islands in 1970, 1971 and 1973. During this time he was a witness to the formation of a caldera on the island of Fernandina and by analogous reference to this phenomenom, traced for us the history of the creation of Newberry Caldera. From his observations on Fernandina he also developed a totally new theory on the formation of tuff rings such as Fort Rock. The text of his lecture is covered in greater detail elsewhere in this issue. We were pleased to have as guests ~ evening a group of students from Lane County Conmunity College who were on a three day field trip in the area. Their instructor was Mike Mitchell, teaching a course in Introduction to the Geology of Oregon. Sunday's events were highlighted by a visit from ~. and MRS. PHIL BROGAN of Bend and a trip lo the top

87

of Paulina Peak. From the top of this peak the magnificent skyline of volcanic peaks of the High Cascades can be seen stretching from Mt. Shasta in California. to Mt. Adams in Washington. Focusing our attention from this point and all other• that we visited was the local group of pee.ks including the Three Sisters, Bachelor Butte and "Brogan Top", sometimes referred to by the uninitiated as Broken Top. This day ended in a great feast, served pot luck style in the main lodge. It was here, too, that PHIL regaled us with a resume of the history of the white nan in this area. I missed the Monday Field Trip because the transm.ission failed on my van and I chose to ride with OORM HESSEL who promptly blew a radiator hose. While BOB ~AISTE graciously proceeded to town with NCRM to procure a ne'lf hose and GECJ1GE lllt\LIN tendered greatly appreciated help in its replacement, we dropped too far behind the group to aha.re in DR. RUTH KEEN'& explanation of the whys and whens and hows that provided us with the Lava Cast Forest,L.ava River Cave and Lava Butte.

TRUtlAN Mlf'PHY gave us all a scare when he tipped his chair off the porch of the cabin in which he, was staying and fell backwards to the ground some feet below. Happily he suffered no greater apparent injury thaA a sprained finger. This happened to be the finger with which he plucked the G string on his guitar and you could sure tell it as his singing was interrupted thereafter by loud "Gees" each time he used it. Tuesday was a free day which I used to nurse my van into town for a transmissectomy. Others followed B~ WAISTE and DON BAR1 into the foothills of the Cascades where they observed auch things as the magnificant display of wildflowers at the hee.d of Fall River which springs forth full fledged from the ground, as indeed do most of the west 'side tributaries of the Deschutes,and where the mosquito& were so thick DOUG thought· he was back in Alaska; the Osprey Refuge at Crane Prairie on the Deschutes River where throu~ h t he ir

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SEPTEMBER 1976

binoculars they could watch a mama Osprey tend her young ones; and Davi& Lake, created by a flow of aa lava damming Davis Creek some 6000 years ago. On the Cascade Lakes Highway, near Davis Lake, road cuts incise a lava flow, permitting the group to inspect text book examples of pressure ridges. According to DR. RUTH KEEN, a new descriptive word has been added to the nomenclature of lava types. In addition to aa and pa.hoehoe, certain flows are now described as blocky and one of these, with blocks as big as houses, was inspected on this trip. Lunch was taken in an idyllic setting in the dining room at Cultus Lake Resort. Two of the nearby points of interest that were missed were Twin Lakes, two flooded maars. Unfortunately, the day& aren't long enough to cover everything and this area abounds in other natural wonders that also could not be covered. We did enjoy the 100 mile trip led by LARRY CHITWOOD, geologist for the Deschutes National Forest, across the dus~y desert to view the spectacular Devils Garden area with its lava flow and spatter cones, i b lava tubes and blowouts; the Fort Rock tuff ring -what a place to play Cowboys and Indian&; and Hole-in-the-Ground. I

Thursday was the day reserved for charter plane rides to view and photograph the Campout country. This waa my only opportunity to take my grandson, Chris, on a promised fishing trip, ao while he and I were not catching any fish high in the Cascades, DOUG BUSHEK was hopefully snapping two of everything so that I may, by proxy, complete my Campout pictures. A trip to Pine Mountain Observatory had been scheduled for Thursday night but a cloud cover developed that blew the plans of mice and man and also CPAL. This did increase the expected attendance at the evening campfire which turned out to be a good one. TRUMAN left out any notes that required the use of his "Gee" finger, a happenstance that was scarcely noted in the general hubbub. Those who were in a hurry to leave the fireplace missed out on the hot buttered popcorn that followed. ~e

also enjoyed

Friday' ~

trip, led

by Norm Peterson of the State Department of Geology and Mineral Industries who came up from Grants Pas& to lead us in the morning to Boyd Cave, 5keleton Cave and Arnold Ice Cave, all lava tubes, and in the afternoon to the west bank of the Deschutes River above Bend where we viewed the spectacular battle between the river and the lava flows that danrned it from time to time. Norm joined the ranks of the exasperated when his Stateowned car failed him and had to be left at the side of the road until it was rescued on the return trip. Lunch this day was in beautiful Drake Park on the shore of the Mirror Pond in Bend where we were joined by PH IL BROGAN and his son Phil Jr. who strolled across the foot bridge from PHIL's home on the west bank of the river to join us. Friday evening was the finale for the WILCOX's as they left the group in Bend and nursed their sick van home, thereby missing Saturday's scheduled hike along the south wall of the caldera to Pumice Lake, a barren area of pumice to the east of the Big Obsidian Flow. This hike was to be led by CLAIR STAHL. We hope it was well attended. Distance honors go to JEf<.RY and THUY VANDERLINDE who traveled all the way from Fargo, North Dakota to be with us. Runners-up would be DR. and MiS. J)t-1~ WHITMER of Tacoma, Washington and Dorine Parsons of Red Bluff, California. Residents of the "inner circle", that close knit group on the southerly fringe of Camp Pauli,.., were treated each morning to the titillating experience of observing the development from chrysalis to butterfly of that ephemeral being, a Lady President in the morning. Shortly after dawn each day, when the sunshine finally trickled through the trees, a being would emer~e from OPAL's camper. A being clothed an MERLE's flannel pajamas, white with varicolored polka dots, its head covered with a green knit ski mask, and over all a robe of uncertain ancestry. Undoubtedly this apparition had rruch to do with the dearth of normal child sounds in that area. As toe heat of the morning sun dispelled the chill of the n1 ~ ht, the magic of Mother Nature performed its miracle a nd from this per-

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETIER SEPTEMBER 1976

ambulating pupa would emerge our OPAL, ready for whatever the day might bring. This daily miracle of transformation went unobserved by those of us who languished in the "suburbs" of the ca"l> but we do have the story straightforwardly rendered by several of the observants. Well, you just can't be everyplace at once. There are some things one is just destined not to see. AL and RUTH KEEN set up a stand of test tubes wherein they attempted to keep fresh and lively such specimens of plants as were found in our travels. Identification of plants was made for all who were interested. In this they were assisted by ESTHER KENNEDY.

89

because of ne.ny things, among which were a visit from her parents who live in Pennsylvania. ~RCY took them to the Olympic Peninsula where they visited the scenes of last year'~ Campout, then ferried to Victoria. for a weekend in that city. Fallowing this she drove to San Francisco to attend a convention. More important to her however, was her acceptance by Lewis and Clark College to the Northwestern School of L.a.w. This has kept her busily rushing about, arranging schedules to coincide with her job. This story cannot end without a thank you to Cl.AIR STAHL for the RBny times he ne.de the trip to Bend to ferry fellow travelers to or from their ma.1adjusted vehicles or to secure parts for same.

Among the grand old men who were present were DEFffiEST BIXBY, THEODCJiE ~NSTON and LEO S IMa-J. Their sparkle Oh yes, this Campout will be well is an inspiration to the rest of us. I remembered, more by some than by others, remember no old ones among the fairer but remembered none-the-less by everyone sex, only a sprinkling of mature types. who participated. We looked in vain ~RGARET STEERE once again arranged to for ne.ny faces, long familiar on the celebrate her birthday while in ca~. Campout trail. Each time I reminisce, another missing person comes to mind, Youngest camper was ~ION VANDEfi_ so, to avoid embarrassment for my LINDE, three years old, who brought his incapacity to properly recall, I will parents from Fargo, North Dakota to only say to each of you that your spend this week with grandmother OPAL absence was noted and we will be lookHELFRICH. Others of the younger gener- ing for you on Ce.mpouts yet to come. ation to grace our camp were Chris Cooper, grandson of REBA and LLOYD BCE WAISTE sez: Modern nan's idea ~ILCOX, Karen and Marjorie Fernette, of roughing it is surviving through the granddaughters of LYNN and GEffiGE ~LIN, night after the thermostat on hts electAleJ< Lindsay, grandson of DOROTHY ric blanket conks out. D01ERTY, Teri and DAVID ~EED, grandchildren of HOLLIS and AMnGARET CJiEM, Terry Haliski, grandson of BRICE and MILDRED WASHBlfiN, and BILL VANDERLINDE, irandson of OPAL HELFRICH. The mosquitos were most plentiful in camp and DOUG 6USHEK was busy bottling them to add to his collection from Alaska. As a matter of note, DUUG will be continuing his higher education at New York City University starting this fall. FRANK and FOO lt\'A HIGDON came to the Campout from a six week vacation trip to Michigan where they visited their daughter. t.¥.f
The very interesting geology of Whiskey Creek area was given us by Don Barr. Dorothy Barr showed us a Manzanita plant, saying: "This is such an interesting Manzanita plant and has produced such a good crop. 'Manzanita' means 'little apple' and it was very important to the Indians I know, especially in California, it was a great staple food and it is a bush that comes in first when there has been a fire, it is one of the first pioneers."

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER SEPTEMBER 1976

90 NOT~S

JW

1976 CRMPJUT

By Effie Hall

Second Free Day, Ju1y 29th. This mornin~ D0u~ Bushek joined us and we st~rteq eRrlv for _Bend to catch the 10:00 o'clock olane for the fli~ht over the Newberry Caldera Area. The first fli~ht h~ld the Bill Keµnedys, Mar~aret Steere, Kathy Caltleton and Bonnie Ledford; we followed together with the Hessels and the third flight was filled by Cl~ire Stahl, Opal HelfriGh and grandson Bill Vanderlinde. We were 0ffered ~ choice of routes and we chose the one that swun~ past Pauli na Peak and throu~h t he S isters. It was a beautiful sunny morning with a minimum of haze. Mr. Hessel and I each carried cameras and Do•g was draped with at least tVJo, and maybe three: at least he was shooting in triplicate - for himself, for the paper and for Lloyd. The Pilot said he had never heard so much camera snapoin~ as on that morning. Whetner he meant just on our fli~ht or both the first two I don't know. But the opportunity to at least TRY was wonderful. As we left Bend we crossed beautiful farms and fields. In one spot was an interesting assortment of bi~ squares containin~ very odd brown markings. It was sug~ested that they were contour plowing, which one could easily buy for ~0 me of them. But - some of the lines were Tery straight and in at least one were markings that from the air could be photographed and passed off on the ground as a picture of pertoglyohs. Then the plane winged over the edge of Newberry Crater, over the big lava fields, past the front of Paulina Peak and over East and Paulina Lakes, Then with another big lift we were circling oTer Bachelor Butte and there in it's throat was it's own small-cone-within-a-cone known per·haps to skiers but certainly unsusoected by earthbound drivers etc. Then on past Broken top on the right and then the Sisters on the left. All of them wore capes of snow sparkling on their shoulders. ~ win~in~ back toward Bend we enjoyed the beautiful strai~ht stretch of river with it's falls, just as we had appreciated the meanders on our outward trip. It was only an hour, but a superbly thrilling and beautiful one. On our return to earth we realized it was lunch time so we paid Denny's a visit, Doug and we. Then we decided to pay a call on Gen Boyd. While visiting we learned that a cave in the area had been discovered by Clarence and a Ranger and had been named for Mr. Boyd. We were auite s urorised that evening upon reading our trip log to learn that our first stop to-morrow would oe to that cave. On the return trip to camp we drove to the cinder quarry that we passed on Monday on the trip to the Lava Cast I" ore st. There we found Archie and Laura S trong ahead of us and we all hunted ~ few pretty cinderA and bombs to-gether. July 30th. Our last planned trip, led by Mr. Norman Peterson of Department of Geolo~y . and Mineral Industries, began with a visit to Boyd Cave, Arnold Ice Cave, (we really just peeked into this one), Boyd Cave was interesting but short.

Ore~on

July 31: This morning Claire led a group on a special trip to the south side of Paulina ?eak. We. were too tired to tackle it, but it was no doubt a good trip and I hope it has been written up so we can learn about it. Most of the crowd left for home to-day but a few

stra~glers

remained.

Aug. 1: The last members have gone, regretfully having to leave an excellent and happy campout, but duty calls.

PAULINA BUTTE

NEWBERRY CALDERA

LAVA SNOWBALL LAV A BUTTE FLOW

1976 PRESIDENT'S CAMPOUT PAULINA LAKE

THE EXECUTIVES r

THE HECKLERS....,

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

SKINNY DIPPERS

"'!"·

DE RE GEOLOGICA

PAULINA CREEK FALLS

OBSIDIAN FLOW

REBA

-... .. " , ,.,'It' \.~ FLOW PATTERNS IN OBSIDIAN

:I:

¥

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY P.O. Box 8579

•

Portland, Oregon 97207

ocr

Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE PAID Portland, Oregon Permit No. 999

Return Postage Guaranteed

State of Otegon (1 of 2) Dept. of Ge ol ogy & Mine~al Indust . 1069 State Office Bldg . Portland ,Ore. 97201

GEO!OOICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY

1976-1977 ftDMINISTRATION EXSCUTIVE COMMITTEE President Opal M. Helfrich

Directors

253-7446

251 NE 133 ~venue

Portland, Oregon Vice President

972~

Norman A. Hessel

166$ SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 Secretary Dorothy R. Waiste 133 SE 27 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth 2524 NE 34 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97212

236-786o

tillie.n M. Miller (3 years) 771-6154 Vincent J. Eggleston (2 years) 253-6741 Emily L. Delano (l year) 236-2139 Inmediate Past Presidents John H. Bone brake 289-8597 Clair F. Stcihl

2.35-4320

284-3444

281-2220

GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

Editor Margaret R. Howell Assistant Editor Marcy Hertzmark Business Manager Lloyd A. Wilcox

244-5728 288-3.347 636-6594

ACTIVITIES CHAIRMEN E~rth

Science Study Hellis and Margaret Orem Field Trips George E. Malin Sr. Historian Lilli~n M. Miller Hospitality Lynn E. Malin Lectures N~rman A. Hessel Librarian Kathleen Caselton Luncheons Isn F. Simon Luncheon Programs Lsurette W. Kenney

234-2650

65S-lOSl 771-6154 6S5-lOSl

236-786o

252-4870 2J6-o549

Membership Ruth A. Gnldson Properties Robert Waiste Publicatir.>ns Lloyd A. Wilcox Publicity ME!rcy Hertzmark Telephone L. !!:lien Fahrfon Transpnrtation RosinR F. Higdon Past Presidents' Panel Jt'hn H. Bonebrake

244-2600 235-4320 6)6-6594 288-3347 244-2778 2~4-82SS

28?-8597

775-56?7 ACTIVITIES

LECTURES: Second and fnurth Fridays, 6:00 p.m., R('\om 53, Cramer Hell, Portland State University, SW BroAdwR)' at Mill Street. FIELD TRIPS: Usually nne per month, via priv11te cRr, caravan ~r chartered bus. EARTH SCIENCE STUDY: ·Third Tuesday, except June, July, August, 8:00 p.m., R<\nm 17, Cramer H8ll. LibrAry, Rnnm S7, open at 7100 o.m. fnr browsing. LUNCHEONS: Every Thursday noon, exee~t holidays. Mnuntain Room, Dt'.lwntnwn YMCA, SW Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Brnwn bag, nr snacks and bever;:iges aYRilable. ANNUAL EVENTS: President's Cs111>out - summer. Picnic - .\ugust. Banquet - Mlirch. PUBLICATICN: The Oeolt)gical Neweletter, published once each nr.•nth and mailed to each membership. Subscriotions available to libr~ries and nrganizRtions at $$.OO a year. Single copies, 50 cents.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935

OCTOBER 1976 October 8 Friday

October 16 Saturday

October 19 Tuesday

CALii:NDAH OF ACTIVIl'lB;S

LECTURE - Cramer Hall, Roan 53, PSU, 8:00 p.m. ENGINEERING GEOLOOY APPLIED TO THE CONS'IRUCTION OF AN UNDERGROUND STORM SEWER IN CHICAGO. Speaker : Robert Gamer, Senior Geologist, Foundation Sciences, Inc. FIELD TRIP: Up East Fork of Lewis River, down Wind Ri var to Carson, Wn. IA:tader: Bob Waiste, Portland District, Corps of Engineers Meet at 9i 30 a.m. at high school, main street in Battleground, ~ashington. Watch for exit sign fron I-S a few miles north of Vancouver. Follow signs carefully at interesections as several turns must be made. We will be traveling over good gravel roads, but narrow and winding around sides of mountains--not for the faint of heart. Fall colors should be gorgeous, scenery outstanding if weather is clear. Bring lunches, warm clothing for higher elevatioos, cameras, field glasses, rock hammers, etc. EARTII SCIENCE Sf:MINAR

Room X of Portland 5tate Library (Education floor in basement.) 7:30 p.m.

Place: Time: Subject:

USE OF PORTLAND STATF. LIBRARY, INCLUDING /\. mUR OF FACILITIES.

Leader:

Dr. Joseph Kohut, Associate Professor of r..eology,

PLEASE

October 22 Friday

VOL.42, N0.10

PSU. C:JIANGE OF PLACE AND TIME!

~OTE

LECTURE - Cramer Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8 :00 p.m. CANADIAN ROCKIES Speaker: Donald D. Barr, Teacher of Science i n Portland Public Schools and OMS! Natural History Workshops.

LUNCHEONS Thursda,.S at noon, in the Green Room of the Hungry Horse Restaurant in the Oeorgia-Pacific Building on SW Fourth Avenue between Taylor am Salmon Streets. October 7

October

14

THE RISK OF ~OT GOING NUC!.F;AR Speaker: Ruth Ann Magen, Public Affairs Representative, Portla~d General Electric Co~any

A TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD Speaker: Hazel R. Newhouse, Geography Instructor, retired, Oregon State System of Education

EA~RN u.s.s.R.-FROM

October 21

THg LOGGViG HISTORY MUS ~:ur1 AND ITS AUDI&NCE 11:45 - Luncheon 12:15 - Speaker: Frank E. Colburn, Museum Curator, Georgia-Pacific Corporation 12:30 - Guided Tour in Museum

October 28

THE RECYCLING OF ALUMINUM Speaker: Joseph N. Moffatt, Northwest Public Relations Manager Reynolds Metals Co~any

92 LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS By William M. Freer In the spectrum of the Society's multiple and varied activities the President's Campout shows by far the widest baad. More ma.a-hours are spent preparing for it, attending it, and reTieving it afterward taan for a..y other functio•. It has grown to be an imposing feature in our yearly profile, and in keeping with tradition CLAIR STAHL reviewed the geology of Newberry Crater, in which caldera the 1976 Campout was sited, at the August 19 Thursday Luncheon. Interpolating the geology with varied vievs, some of them aerial, Clair showed us the caldera containing Paulina and East Lakes with the little cinder cone between, and Paulina Peak and the Obaidiaa Flow on the ria. He coTered all of the enticing ancillary geologic features in the enTirons of this superb lampout site, including the Lava Cast Forest, LaTa River Cave, Lava Butte, Paulina Creek with its lovely falls, Fort Rock, Hole-in-the-Ground and others. Clair did an excellent job of begi:aning to wind up tke Campout~ Compleaentiag Clair's talk on the geology of the Campout area, ESTHER KENNEDY gaTe us a good idea of the botany of the same locale at tae Aug-

ust 26 Luncheoa. With nice slides she showed us the preTailing flora -the trees, shrubs, and flowering plants. Among them were ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, hemlock &lld fir, bitterbrusk, rabbit brusa and maazanita, Indian paint-brush, mimulus, peastemon, pussy-paws, desert sweet, wintergreen and many others. Thie was a refreshing prograa with a natiTe plant atmosphere. • Speaking at the September 2 Luncheon on Nuclear Power Safeguards, RYAN LAWRENCE, a Portland attorney, solicited support for the passage of Ballot Measure 9 at the November election. Ballot Measure 9, titled "Oregon Nuclear Safep:uards Act" requires proof that emergency systems are dependable and adequate in nuclear power plants; that nuclear wastes can be safely disposed of and adequately safeguarded against sabotage and terorism; that evacuation plans are up to date arxi well publicized; and that utilities building nuclear power plants be fully liable for injuries and damages to Oregonians and Oregon businesses in the event of a nuclear catastrophe. Mr. Lawrence projected a moving film strip showing both sides of this extremely controversial problem that is splitting public opinion throughout the country. The passage of Ballot Measure 9 will effectively stymie nuclear power development in Oregon for years to come. With the proliferation of nuclear power throughout the world this problem becomes daily more horrendous. CYNTHIA DRAYER gaYe the September 9 Luncheon a uniquely interesting program when sne explained how to decipher Mayan hieroglyphs. In her usual well organized way she began with the earliest known glyphs inscribed on stone in the first and second centuries of the ~hristian era in Guatemala and Honduras. Glyphs appear on various surfaces, but principally on stone, called inscriptions, and on fiber paper, called codices. They come ia two categories; the first, astronomical, -calendary, and numerical, used for counting time, and the second for recording historical eTenta related to the first. The Mayans deTeloped an intricately sophisticated calendar as accurate as our own. In fact, they deTeloped two calendars; one of thirteen twenty-day periods -- 260 days -- which waa their sacred calendar called Tonalamatl, and a solar calendar of ·eighteen twenty-day periods of 360 daye with fiTe left over -- But this is all too complicated for our space and perhaps ourself. Much better to ask Cynthia!

PICNICS By Margaret

do~ n ll

·The great shelter at the Arberetum gl•wed brightly in the light fr•m tne fireplace. In the cente~ lamps displayed the long white tables ladsa with salads, casseroles, and desserts. A great gurgling pot of ohlli beans permeated the air, and there was the tantalizing odor of freshly brewed· coffee. Tl19 little tablas ~1ui;1::rnd with good fellowship aa the Geolog1oal sooiety of the Oregon Country tam111es gather$! for tne amlurll ~1cn1c August tne thirteenth. A warm oregon mist bad not dampened the ardor of the group which ranged in age from one to ninety-one. Al't&r Ji1mer the gents enterta1nec5. wit c1 tall tales and reminiscences of 9revio:..is GdOC events. ro the tu ~l-3 ,jf Per'•J J ~·r . :?1::i::.c3~c- ' z OuJJ.H..{::.'.' .J.~ .lD~-13 , ;) ,Jr o"N"l '{n.rt" ~ (....IJ 1l , .{. ~;-.J t , ..:.. 1 .~li;. 1, lni Di.a ne) sang of tne l~st surviving gasp of the pet rocks - written by Kenneth P b1111ps. ·r ruman accom?~nled the singing w1th his gu 1 tar and the sonb s continued one aft~r a~other lo ng into the night. Thank you, Geneva HeRsel. · September tblrd saw another happening occur ln the spacious nllcox garden. I•'estive torches C1..cil a big 1u o:>n show ~.J us th"' way to the many tables set in cozy areas. By table hopping, one could enjoy second and third helpings of food without being too obvious. Dinner over, we enjoyed tbe long awaited for camp-out slides shown by the h1lcox's, Doug, the Wa1ste•·s, Opal, the Bessel's, and others. Thank you 1teba and Lloyd. NEW GSOCers HALSTSAD, C. Lewis .and Sylvia 285-4740 2909 N. Willamette Elvd., #3 Portland, Oregon 97217

Mr. Halstead learned of the Society from Don Turner at Portland Conmunity College. Lewis is retired; Sylvia· manages an apartment house.

MUECKE, Maria M. 2732 SE Salmon Street Portland, Oregon 97214

234-9120

Maria was a member in 1971-73· She has now retired and will have more time for GSOC activities. Her membership is a birthday gift from Dorothy Doherty.

RITCHIE, Stephen and Barbara 6219 SW Dawn Street Lake Oswego, Oregon 97034

639-6761

Stephen and Barbara are the parents of Brad and Gregg. Stephen teaches at Reynolds High School. Their interests are fluorescent rocks, zeoli tes, geologic history. Ralph G. Becker is their sponsor. Richard and Judith are the parents of a son, Corey (10), and a daughter, Laura (7). Their inter~sts in earth sciences are general. Corey is very interested. 'fney read of our Society in "Things to Do ~-Vith Chil:iren," a booklet published se~eral years ago.

BUFFO, Richard P. and Judith C. 3311 SW Fairmount Blvd. 223-9550 Portland, Oregon 97201

THE GEOLOGICAL

~~~~-

94

NEhSL~TTER

-~~~-O~CT~O~B~ER..,.......,l-9~7..,.6

PET ROCKS l.

Here's to the Pet Rocks each in its own box A treasure of petrology . Mine may be andesite, yours may be rhyolite, They all display geology. Syenite and diorite, gabbro and peridotite, Pet Rocks show mineralogy. And now ev'ry Pet Rock has its pedigree And Mason's genealogy.

Chorus: Pet Rock, Pet Rock, tra-la-la-la-la You're a treasure of petrology. Pet Rock, Pet Rock, tra-la-la-la-la You're a marvel of geology. 2.

Some rocks are Cambrian, some Ordovician, With brachiopods and trilobites. Some are Silurian, some are Devonian, With corals and tent~culites. Upper Mississippian, Middle Pensylvanian, Reptile and amphibian. So the rocks tell the tale of Paleozoic time From Wales down to the Caribbean.

3.

More silly rhyming: Mesozoic timing Brings us spiral ammonites. And, goodness gracious, in the Cretaceous, Dinosaurs and ventriculites . ~~mmals in the Eocene, horses in the Pliocene, Run thru a brief terrestrial course. Now the volcanic tuff covers them and other stuff, Leaving you to trace them to their source.

4.

We'll sing some more again: Right here in Oregon The rocks are very varous; Some metamorphic, igneous a-plenty, And some are sedimentarious. Olivine, and serpentine, limonite and diorite, All tell a tale of mystery; And the Rosetta stone may be the one you own To unlock geologic history.

5.

Last come the Ape-ians, and Homo sapiens, Striding across our earthly stage; All thru the Pleistocene, into the Holocene Of our Cenozoic age. When the earth doth swallow us, what on earth Will follow us? What do we care where the exit is? For the Garden of earth can be the place to be If we keep it as today it is. Text by Peter Petrarch, President, SPOR (Society for the Protection of Oregon Rocks) To be sung to the tune of COUNTRY GARDENS from an air by Percy Grainger.

OCTOBER

l97t)- . .

TrlE GEOLOO IC~L NE-h S~EJ.T ~~-- -- ·-

---

95

NEWS OF XEMBERS By Lloyd and Reba Wilcox Almost every month's deadline brings with it the problem of no news and what to do about it. In most cases, a vivid imagination manages to elaborate on the most meager sources of information and arrive at a column of respectful length, if not of respectful merit. In fact, it is often the complaint of the editorial department that too much space is being, let us say: "Devoted to this column, 11 rather than to crassly state: ''Wasted by th is column". It even transpires that at times our Editor does what editors are hired to do and when she is finished, this column fits nicely into its alloted space. This month differs from most in that there i~ much to write about the goings and comings, the doings and undoings of our fellow members. We do have a small problem in trying to remember it all in-as-much as we are most lax in taking notes. For all of that it is safe to say at this point that our dear Editor will undoubtedly earn her salary this month before sh~ reaches the end of this column. Most of you who did not attend our Annual Campout have by this time had an opportunity to discover how much you missed. We can only hope that you profit by this knowledge and start immediately to make plans for attending next year's which, I am happy to say, will be held in the Two of the "old Regulars " who were conspicuous by their absence at this year's encampment in Newberry caldera were the ladies MILLER, GWEN and LILLIAN. They played hookie together, enjoying a float trip down the Snake River. Along with seven other ladies shepherded by one lonely (?) raft master,

they put into the river below Hell's Canyon Dam and emerged five days later just above Lewiston, Idaho. Their description of the trip certainly makes it sound like a great experience. I suppose we can forgive them for choosing it instead of the Campout. We had expected to see the NICHOLS in bivouac also but were disappointed. They do not answer their telephone even yet so either I constantly pick the wrong time to call or they are enjoying an extended visit somewhere. There is a certain ritual that I had planned with great delight to continue this year at the Campout. It involves GRACE and the early morning spattering of a quart or so of water into an empty basin. Our annual picnic came off with grea~ success in spite of the efforts of E. Jupiter Pluvius to dampen our spirits. As usual, I tried the best I could. It was like old times to see, and hear, PEIGI STAHL again. After his experience at Pauline Lake with tipping chairs, you would think that TRUMAN would be a little careful of where and how he sat, but Oh Boy! when singing time came, there he was, backed up to the edge of the table again, teetering on the brink of disaster and plunking away as if he were sitting on the floor at home. Yours Truly was preparing to host a gathering of relatives the following Sunday in celebration of his recent retirement and brought along cousin Bertha Dorine Parsons of Red Bluff, California who contributed to the supply of groceries available by baking several loaves of bread which arrived at the Hoyt Arboretum still warm, and needless to say, were quickly dispensed with. Incidentally, the retirement party turned out to be a memorable occasion. Sixty people attended on what undoubt-

~-----------'T;,,..;.ti=E GEOLOG !CAL ;~~!i~~ETJ'_~~ _

96

edly became one of the rainiest days of the year and what was planned as a garden party was relegated to a house of sufficient size to handle perhaps twenty of them! Talk ·about close relations! We really got to know each other!

- --

·-·OCTOBER

1976 -

hurried trip to Las Vegas to visit MERLE'S brother, a victim of a heart attack. It was a flying trip and the return home was over the Newberry caldera so OPAL got all excited to see our Campout land again. MERLE took to feeling poorly on the return and as we go to press Along about this time the McCLUNGS is slated for a few days in the hospital for tests and observation. We invited a group of GSOCers to sincerely hope that he is back in their home for potluck and a hellogoodby to DOUG BUSHEK to celebrate shape before the mailman brings this his recent return from service with issue to your home. the Air Force and his coming depar- CLARA BA~THOLOMAY is recuperating ture from New York City to attend at home following surgery. Ordinthe University there. DOUG enter- arily I shy away from such news tained the group with photographs items, preferring to keep this taken during his stay in Galena, column swinging along happier lanes Alaska and those present were enbut this has been a traumatic time thralled with the beauty and exfor CLARA and, in spite of her decellence of his pictures. sire to fight her battles alone, your expressions of cheer and hope August's social activities also of rapid recovery would be morale included a garden party, potluck builders for her. Make them by mail style for a group of GSOCers at howeYer, please. Physically, she is the home of YFC. This time the weak and emotionally she is spent weather was a Little more coopand a personal visit or telephone erative and those assembled were call could be too taxing. Doggone able to enjoy an outdoor evening it CLARA, we all love you and want culminating in a program of slides you back among us quick! Y'all hear taken at the recent Campout. now! WALLY and ELEANOR McCLUNG spent the last days o.f August in the Saw- DOROTHY WAISTE, secretary, reports tooth Mountains of Idaho, indoctri- the receipt of a letter from Michael nating their new pickup and trailer Mitchell, instructor of geology, Science Department, Lane Community house with the traditions of the College, thanking us for our hospiSociety. DON and BETTY TURNER, tality to his group of students durenroute to a tour of western Caning our Campout last July. Along ada, were going to seek them out with his letter he enclosed a check for a few days of Campout in minito pay for ten copies of the Campout ature. That's a pretty tall order. Trip Log. Bless him. The Sawtooths are not miniature mountains. The fall season opened September 10 Oh yes, August also )rought an in- with a return of our Friday night vitation from the WAISTES to spend lecture series. The largest crowd a weekend at their Lapine retreat. of the year was on hand to listen You can bet your bottom dollar that to DR. dlHN H. WHITMER who came down invitation was accepted with undue from Tacoma to spin for us a yarn haste and we were there in their about his travel in July of '75 up backyard before they had a chance the Inland Passage in a 45 foot to rescind . DOUG was there too, cruiser. dl HN 's pie t ures were on his last fling with nature bebeautiful, his narrative interesting fore his four year stay in New York.and his geology precise. His deAs a matter of information he description, during the hospitality parted September 12. hour that followed the lecture, of the delights of traveling by charO~AL and MERLE HELFRICH made a tered cruiser whetted the appetites

OCTOBER 1970· . . . of those who listened and this person sees a golden opportunity arising for some all GSOC cruises in the future. How about it? I noted JOHN ALLEN at this meeting which ca~ only mean that he is back from "down under 11 • Didn't have an opportunity to talk to him but I'll bet that NORM HESSEL has already snared him for a Friday night lecture. That should be a night to bring out everybody. At the same meeting, OPAL read a letter from Portland State students involved with raising funds for the seismograph at the University which thanked GSOC for its generous answer to their plea for funds to underwrite the purchase of a new seismograph for the school. They indicated that 62% of all monies so far collE:: c:ted }1ave come from our Society and its members by individual donation. According to the graph set up in· Earth Science Department, about 62% of the necessary total has also been raised. Good news all the way around.

Speaking of contributions and fund driv~s, let us not forget the PAUL HOWELL Memorial Fund and what it can mean to deserving students of geology at Portland State. Contributions to this fund can be made in the name of loved ones and will be a fitting tribute and a lasting memorial to their good name. · If inf lat ion leaves you with a buck at the end of the month, what better way to spend it? A sequel to that note above concerning the trip to the Sawtooths by WALLY and ELEA NO R: They didn't make it. The nemesis of so many of us at the Campout caught up with them in the Blue Mountains and after several day3 delay due to car repairs and rerepairs, they returned home, never having reached Idaho. I wonder if DON and BETTY are still wandering around up there looking for them? BOB WAISTE sez : Get someone else to blow your horn and the sound will carry twice as far.

IEINSTATEMENI' MESSMER, Max and Frances M. 9637 SW Springcrest Drive Portland, Oregon 97225

292-8693

NEW ADDRESSSS

DOHERTY, Dorothy A. 2431 SE Salmon Street Portland, Oregon 97214 LIBBEY, Fay W.

1318 Cottonwood Richland, Washington 99352

SARGENT, Sa1111el C. 15029 NE Rose Parkway Portland, Oregon 97230

232-0551

HILDENBRAND, Paul R. and C. Joyce 141S5 SW Windjammer Way Beaverton, Oregon 97005 (Office telephone - 243-4231)

...

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY P.O. Box 8579

•

Portland, Oregon 97207

Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE PAID Portland, Oregon Permit No. 999

Return Postage Guaranteed

State ot O~egon (2 o! 2) Dept. of Geology & Mineral Indust . l0o9 State Office Bldg. Portland,Ore . 97201

OEOIOOICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1976-1977 iDMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Opal M. Helfrich

251 NE 133

~venue

Portland, Oregon 97230 Vice President Norman A. Hessel 166$ SE Harney Street Portland, Oregon 97202 Secretary Dorothy R. Waiste 133 SE 27 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth 2524 NE 34 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97212

253-741'6

236-786o

235-4320

284-3444

Directors tilli&m M. Miller (3 years) Vincent J. Eggleston (2 years) Emily L. Delan" (l year) Innediate Past Presidents Jnhn H. Bonebrake Clair F. St~hl

771-6154 253-6741 236-2139

289-8597 281-2220

GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER Editor Margaret R. Howell Assistant Editor Marcy Hartzmark Business Manager Lloyd A. Wilcox

244-5728 288--3347 6)6-6594

ACTIVITIES CHAIRMEN Science Study Hellis and Margaret Orem Field Trips George E. Malin Sr. Historian Lilli~n M. Miller Hospitality Lynn E. Malin Lectures N~rman A. Hessel Librarian Kathleen Caselton Luncheons E~rth

I.en F. Simon

Luncheon Programs Laurette W. Kenney

234-2650

65S-lOSl 771-6154 6S5-1os1

236-786o 252-4870 236-0549

Membership Ruth A. Gnldson Properties Robert Waiste Publications Lloyd A. Wildox Publicity Marcy Hertzmark Telephone L. ~llen Fahrinn Transpnrtation RosinR F. Higdon Past Presidents' Panel Jl'lhn H. Bonebrake

244-2600 235-4320 6)6-6594

288-3347 244-2778 2$4-82SS

289-8597

775-56?7 ACTIVITIES

LECTURES: Second and fnurth Fridays, 8:00 p.m., Rnom 53, Craner H~ll, Portland State University, SW Broadway at Mill Street. FIELD TRIPS: Usually nne per month, via priv;ite cAr, caravan or chartered bus. EARTH SCI~NCE STUDY: Third Tuesday, except June, July, August, 8:00 p.m., Rnnm 17, Cramer H8ll. LibrAry, Ronm S7, open at 7s00 o.m. for browsing. LUNCHEONS: Every Thursday noon, exr.e'Ot holidays. &untain Room, Downtnwn YMCA, SW Taylor at Sixth Avenue. Brnwn hag, or snacks and bever;.iges avRilable. ANNUAL EVENTS: President's Can.,out - summer. Picnic - August. Banquet - M.circh. PUBLICATIOO: The Geological Newsletter, published once each nw.lflth and mailed to each membership. Subscriotions avAilable to libr~ries and organiz~tions at $5.oo a year. Single copies, So cents.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935 NOVEMBER 1976

November 12 Friday

VOL. 42, NO. 11

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES LECTURE - Cramer Hall, Room 53, PSU, 8:00 p.m. RIVER MANAGEMENT IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON Speaker: Dr. Leonard Palmer, Associate Professor, Earth Science Dept., Portland State University.

November 13 Saturday

FIELD TRIP: Tour of OREGON PORTLAND CEMENT PLANT at Lake Oregon. Meet at 10 : 00 a.m. at the plant. Directions: Turn off of State Street in Lake Oswego at the railroad crossing onto private road leading to the cement plant . HARD HATS MUST BE WORN. If you have one be sure to bring it along--otherwise the plant has some that will furnished. After listening to a brief lecture on the process, materials used and where they come from, we will tour the plant . This plant tour has been arranged through the courtesy of Mr. Ed Miller, Vice President of the Oregon Portland Cement Co. Bring l\Dlch and we will eat at the George Rodgers· City Park in Lake Oswego, and then visit points of historic interest including the first furnace in Oregon of the Oregon Iron &Steel Co.

November 16 Tuesday

EARTII SCIENCE SEMINAR Room X of Portland State Library (Education floor Place: in basement) Entrance to Library is on Harrison St. 7:30 p.m. Time: Subject: USE OF PORTLAND STATE LIBRARY, INCLUDING A TOUR OF FACILITIES Leader: Dr. Joseph Kohut, Professor of Geology, PSU PLEASE NOTE CHANGE OF PLACE AND TIME!

LUNOIEONS Thursdays, at noon, in the Green Room of the Hungry Horse Restaurant in the Georgia-Pacific Bldg., on S.W. Fourth Ave. between Taylor and Salmon Streets. Noveni>er 4

MAJOR PLATE TECTONIC STRUCTURES OF OREGON Speaker: Dr. John D. Beaulieu, Geologist OOGAMI

November 11

A VISIT TO EASTERN EUROPE--In 3 parts. Part 1 -- Vienna, Czechoslovakia and Poland (Illustrated). Speakers: Arthur Hansen, Printer, retired, Graphic Arts • Lewis Bischoff, Salesman, retired, Eastman Kodak Coq>any

November 18

A VISIT TO EASTERN EUROPE Part 2 -- Brest, Russia to Leningrad (Illustrated). Speakers : Arthur Hansen, Printed, retired, Graphic Arts. Lewis Bischoff, Salesman, retired, Eastman Kodak Co.

November 25

THANKSGIVING.

1

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER NOVEMBER 1976

100

mE EARm' s CRUST By C. T. L. Murphy Science has long sought a demonstration or proof of the •ke-up of the earth's crust. At one time the Mohole project had first billing but it was shelved or abandoned as being impractical or impossible of execution. Now a new break-through has been achieved by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, supported in part by the National Science Fol.Dldation and the U.S. Navy, which had come to the Caribbean with two surface vessels and the deep sea diving submersible, Alvin, to explore a rift in the earth's crust. The results, as told by Dr. Robert D. Ballard of the Institution and pictured eloquently by Geographi c photographer Emory Kristof, are illuminating and exciting to the utmost. The crush of two earth-moving plates, The Caribbean plate and the American plate just off Jamaica, had produced the Caymen Trough which drops straight down 23 ,000 feet beneath the Caymen Is lands . The movement of these plates has originated an epidemic of earth quakes, notably the February 1976 shocks which killed 23, 000 Guatamalans. The expedition lowered their submersible 12,000 feet into the trough, took abl.Dldant pictures and brought to the surface specimens of rock from the various strata of the sea floor. In their titaniwnalloy sphere two scientists and accompanying pilot were safe from the outside pressure of 5,500 pol.Dlds to the square inch . In fifteen dives the scientists were able to move about the spreading rift, view the sea life at that depth, study the strata there exposed and with their mechanical arm bring up speciments of rock. The topmost layer of the earth's crust was sediment, of course, and the thinnest layer. The outstanding photographs showed alteniating layers of accumulation. Layer nuni>er two was the uppermost stratwn of hardened magma for the region abotmded in pillow lavas extruded under water. Photographs of this feature show that it sometimes flattened out into pahoehoe lavas. The spreading rift walls now exposed the third layer of the lithosphere which reaches down about 2-1/2 miles into the crust and was made of gabbro that crystallized while it was still undergrol.Dld. Layer four penetrated into the upper mantle and the mechanical digger of the Alvin brought to the surface deeper, more basic rocks, particularly altered periodite. Some of the deep rocks exploded upon reaching the surface because of entrapped gas which here had a chance to expand. The scientific expedition expects to retuni to this site next year for they believe this window into the origins of the earth rewards further study. This article from the National Geographic, reviewed here briefly, is available to all ment>ers of the Geological Society of the Oregon Col.Dltry for the National Geographic is fotmd in all libraries and in the homes of many members.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 101

NOVEMBER 1976 NEW BOOK REVIEW By Dorothy Waiste

"North America and the Great Ice Aee'' by Charles L. Matsch is oart of an earth science paperback series planned by McGraw-Hill Book CompaJ17. - It is written in a readable and understandable, nontechnical st;yle. The author explains carefully the difficult concepts involved, giving his readers the ability to grasp them. Glaciology and the ice a&e are treated from many different aspects. How has ice affected the landscape '? What are the scientific methods used to interpret .evidence for glaciation'? What do we know about the glacial history not only ef the recent past but also of former eras ? How did scientists come to ace.pt these ideas in tm first place? Is it over now, or will the history of ilaciation again repeat i tself't The reader i s taught something about the nature of glacial ice, different theories about its formati on, and the influence it has had on life, including hu.'11an life. (McGraw-Hill Earth Science Paperback Series, 1976, $4.95). (Ada~ted from Geological Society of Minnesota NEWS)

NOMINATING COMMITTEE APPOmTED

In accordance with Articles I/II and VIII of the Society's by-laws, the Executive Comnittee, on September 29, 1976, ap?roved appointment of the following members to the Nominating Committee: Georee E. Malin, Chairman L. Ellen Fahrion Rosina F. Higdon Archie K. Stroni Wallace R. McCluni, who continues as a member by reason of having been chairman the previous year.

BERT GILLET!'

September 28, 1976 Member of GSOC 1974-1976

Bert Gillett, 68, a member of the Geological Society of the Oregon Cotmtry, suffered a massive coronary at his home in Scappoose September 27th, and passed away next day at the hospital in St. Helens. During the last week of his life he had led the Library Night program where he presented his fossils. Bert served in the Navy in the Pacific campaign and in civilian life became a teacher. His wife Patricia survives.

.!

ntE GEOLOGleAL NEWSLETTER NOVEMBER 1976

102

NEW GSOCers BARKHURST, Nellie I. 1717 SW Parle Ave., Apt. 205 Portland, ~eeon 97201

224-6o93

ROSENTHAL, Helen C. 2737 NE 31 Avenue

282-0J6o

HANDLER, Elizabeth 4712 SW Iowa Street Portland, Oregon 97221

244-.5320

LEDFORD, Bonnie L. 1010 NE 178 Avenue

665-9734

Nellie and Helen are both retired, Nellie from the First National Bank of Oreeon. They both were introduced to our Society by the late Bert Gillett.

Portland, Oreeon 97212

TARABA, Ray and Lorraine

253-2634

Portland, Oreeon 972.30 TARABA LeRoy

2818 SE 74 Avenue

Ray and Lorr4line are interested in traveline and C8111pin& and spent a few days at tbe Paulina Lake campout.

775-7745

Ray is an industrial eneineer with the

255-9216

Teri is interested in rocks and caves. She joins her brother as our second

Portland, Oregon 97206

REED, Teri

Bonnie attended the campout at Paulina this sWllD9r and some of our other activities. Milbert Holzwarth is her sponsor.

Lake

Portland, Oreeon 97230

1810 NE 142 Avenue

Elizabeth is a recreation instructor for the City of Portland. Her sponsor is Charlene Holzwarth.

9635 SE Mill Street Portland, Oregon 97216

Hyster Company~ Their son, LaRoy is an audio-visual technician at PSU. Opal Helfrich is the sponsor.

junior m9mber. She also attended the summer campout with her il'&ndparents, and sponsors, Margaret am Hollis Orem.

NEW ADDRESSES BUSHEK, Douglas N. Box 920

PATTERSON, Nora E. 18o Fenton kte. , Apt. 1 Molalla, Ore~on 97038

5-11 University Place

New York, NY

10003

LEROY, Julie A. '•'

732 NE 20 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97232

236-0531&

ROSCOE, Roderick T. 13328 - .30th Avenue NE Seattle, WA 9612$

829-9421

206-362-5099

ZELLER, Dr. Robert W. and Betty Grant Med. Cen. Opth. Clin. SEH5 Travis AFB, CA 94535 ---DRW

The SECOND CIRCUM-PACIFIC ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES CONFERENC~ will be held July 30-August 4, 1978 at the Hilton Hawaii:ui Village, Honolulu, Hawaii. This Conference will present approximately 120 papers by outstandin~ international scientists and statesmen on the energy and mineral potential of this vast region. Geoloii.cal field trips will be conducted on the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii by experts fro1:i the Universi ty of Hawaii and· the USJS. For information write to: 1978 Circum-Pacific Conference, c/o AAPG, P. o. Box 919, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74101.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 103

NOVEMBER 1976

EARTI-1 SCIENCE SEMINAR By C. T. L. Murphy Library Night opened the Fall season Septeni>er 21, under the aegis of Margaret Orem. Margaret has her program well advanced and opened her initial session with a s~udy of fossils. Bert Gillett, a retired teacher, began the evening discussion with a display of his own fossils collected from the Molalla Fol'llation to the shores of the Philippines. His prize was a fine oredont head with exposed teeth which he dug out of the Molalla. Dr. Francis Gilchrist's prize was a section of a saber tooth from the big Pleistocene cat, directly from the La Brea tar pits. He also offered cochina and horn corals and impressions of meta sequoia and kettleria. Laurette Kenney showed fossil leaves and ammonites while Cynthia Drayer wore as jewelry a trilobite ring motmt and a pin brooch of a fossil deer antler from Europe. Nellie Barkhurst was a guest. LUNC:iEON HIGHLIGHTS By

William M. Freer

At the Septe~ber 16 Thursday Luncheon DOROTHY B. SCATTERGOOD, retired Curator of the Bruckner Museum at Albion, Michigan, told us about Sikkim, that extraordinary little mountain fastness hanging on the southern slope of t he Himalayas just north of India. This was an extension of the talk Mrs. Scattergood gave us at the June 17 Luncheon on Nepal, Sikkim's i mmediate neighbor on the west. Sikki:11, smaller than our Yellowstone Park, is just like Nepal, only more so. From a tropical jungle at elev. 750 f eet above !'A.SL where the monkeys tease the tigers and elephants to the top of Mt. Kanchenjunga on the crest of the Himalayas -- the world's third highest peak, elev. 28,208 feet -- it is only eighty miles. Within these narrow borders, amid the world's highest mountains and deepest gorges, wl t h sparkling streams and spectacular cascades, the exotic terrain is decorated wi th a profusion of more than 4,ooo varieties of tropical to alpine plants and flowers including rhododendrons that grow to seventy feet, over 400 varieties of orchids and 60o varieties of butterflies. Until recently another exotic -- our own former Hope Cooke -- was the Maharani, the Queen of Sikkim. In a salute to the Bicentennial EFFIE HALL gave us an interesting illustrated tour of ·•Areas of American History" at the September 23 Lunclleon. Effie is very well organized, and so was the tour, which showed significant spots in our history beginning with the Indians who met the Pilgrims in the Mayflower. Far too comprehensive to even outline in our apace the tour included Revolutionary scenes from New England, Philadelphia and Virginia, the Arnold Trail to Quebec, the Louisiana Purchase and the ~vangeline Country, the early Spanish and Russian activity on the West Coast, the Columbia River, and on through history to the John F. Kennedy graTe in Arlington and the United Nations Building in New York. With nice slides Effie gave us a good half-hour program very well worth watching.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER NOVEMBER 1976

104

For variety it is hard to beat the Thui-a~ Luncheons! At the September }0 Luncheon MARJORIE MASON and DALE MoKiRAGHAH teamed up to give us an illuaiaating prograa on "Geology an Fungi" witll tre.q.uent interjections trom Leo Simon. They all three belong to tae Mycological Society, aitd of course all the fungi turned out to be mushrooms. But what muahrooasl A proliferation of mushrooms all over the place -- on the table, on the screen, on everybody's mind. Grotesque mushrooms, delicate musllrooma, ·· oeautifully tinted auaarooaa. Large and •mall mushrooms. Mushrooms so small that they grow oa a single fir needle; so large that they weigh up t~ sixty-four pounds. Edible and poisonous 1111ahrooas. Mushrooms of doubtful edibility are tested on Dale McKeraghaa for toxicity. This was a m.o st attractiTe and colorful program. Speakin& on "The Risk of Not Going Nuclear" at the October 7 Luncheon, MARDI LESSEY, A Teacher-Demonstrator at the Trojan Visitor's Information Center for Portland General Electric Company, was accorded equal time with Ryan Lawrence, a Portland attorney who addressed the September 2 Luncheon solicitin& support for the passage of Ballot Measure 9, titled "Oreion Nuclear Safeguards Act." Mrs. Les~ey, who is young, attractive, and efficient, has two sons and a degree in biology from Portland State, gave an effective argtU11Bnt for the defeat of Ballot Measure 9, which if passP.d would effectively styaie nuclear power development in Oregon for the foreseeable future. She gave substantial evidence that nuclear power is the safest, cheapest, most sensible way to go; that i f we try to go in any other known direction we will be lifting the lid on Pandora's Box. One of the best ways to see the eastern U.~.s.R. is from ~he TransSiberian Railroad, and that is exactly what we did at the October 14 Luncheon, courtesy of HAZEL NEWHOUSE, recently returned from a sixty day junket to Russia. Obligingly retracing her steps for us, we traveled by ship from Japan to Nakhodka -- near VladiToatok on the eastern coast of Siberia -- where we took the boat train to Khabaroyak which is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Thence we traveled westward on a line · roui~l~ separating the tiaga (forested area) and the steppe (grassland) through a Tast countryside interspersed with occasi~nal small communi)ies of wooden houses with blue shutters. Four Aaya later we arrived at Lake Baikal, and what a lake! It is absolutely tremendous! It is the world's largest, and contains one fifth of the earth's fresh surface water supply. It is 395 miles long, oTer a mile deep, and too wide to see across. It is fed by 336 rivers and has ocean characteristics -- tides, storms, etc. Its geology is fantastic, its ecology is amazing. But we've run out of space and we can't tell you about Lake Baikal. HoweTer there is an excellent profile of it in the November 1975 Smithsonian. We must haTe more of Hazel's trip when our schedule permits. NElllS OF tJ£.,i8ERS

By Lloyd and Reba Wilcox I have always thought of our Society a& realization that there are nw.ny of you a close-knit family of friends, a family whom I do not know. A look at the roster small enough for everyone to know everybrings blank stares. Not knowing BERT, I one. It came, therefore, as a shock to feel inadequate in extending my sympathy me when FFA~ IS GILCHRIST cal led to say to his family. Many of you, however, that BERT GILLETT had passed away 5eptem- have expressed your feelings towards BERT ber 28. BERT's endeavors in the 5ociety and I pass them now to his wife, PATRICIA. led down different paths than mine. I In his name may I say to all you strangdid not know him. His pa&sing brings the ers, "I'd like to get to know you".

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER NOVEMBER 1976

As my old friend Mortimer would say, "That 1 & the way she goes". Last month provided more news than we could handle. This month is quite the reverse, no news and no time left to write it. CA.Ir Editorial Staff nust be aware of this as they are striving mightily to provide grist for this mill. Both Editor JN\fiGARET HC#JELL and Assistant Edi tor MA.ACY HERTZtfARK piled up their automobiles recently. MARCY escaped with a bent fender but M4RGARET, after surveying the damage, purchased a new auto. Thanks, ladies, this column certainly appreciates your efforts.

105

.goose hunting. Press time comes before news of any success.

A comnittee composed of CLAIR STAHL, chairman, GENEVA HESSEL and Yours Truly has been appointed by the Executive Conm, ittee for the purpose of subjecting the By-laws of the Society to such scrutiny as wi 11 produce whatever changes are necessary to bring them into accordance with the Articles of Incorporation and to comply with the requirements of the federal Internal Reverue Service and the Oregon State Corporation Comnission. It is hoped that this comnittee will complete its assignment in time for approval by JOiN ALLEN reports that the fund drive the Executive Conmittee prior to election for monies to purchase a seismograph for time which is approaching rapidly. Do you the Earth Science Department, Portland realize that when you get this issue Stzte University, has progressed to the Thanksgiving won't be far away and right point where the order has actually been after that comes Christmas and that 1 s placed for the machine. Aren't you proud the end of 19761 Another year shot of yourselves? 5'Jt of this money is the alreadyl contribution of this Society and its individual ment>ersl A letter from FL~EtCE JOiNSTOt£ of Moro, Oregon to LALfiETTE KENNEY includes the PEARL and FAAN;t5 GILCffilST spent an Oct- news that she and THEODORE are busy pla~ ober vacation in San Francisco visiting ning for the World War 1 district conve~ their son, Alden. Among his many purtion which has since been held in The suits in the world of nusic, Alden has Dalles on October 9. THEOD~E is District been choirmaster of the Calvary PresConmander and FLOREN;£ is District Presi• byter ian Church in San Francisco for dent of the auxillary. THEODl.liE has also twenty-five years. been busy sorting and labeli~ pictures for the Sherman County Historical Society. BOO GAMER was a member of a group of fifteen persons who spent three weeks in I take great pleasure in reporting that late August, early Septent>er at the M:t.1'-ERLE HELFRICH was released from the heur Wildlife Reserve studying vertebrate hospital with a clean bill of health. life in the Great Basin. Nine colleges Now that it is over we can say that his were represented in this small group physician was concerned over a possible which was led by Dr. Bob Storm of Oregon malignancy. Diagnosis indicated such State University. Actually, ' their stay was not the case. Oh happy Dayl was not limited to the wildlife reserve. They covered the Steens Mountains rather BOO WAIST£ sez: I have half a mind to thoroughly and even got down into Nevada. run for office. Actually, that is more Study was devoted to amphibians• birds, than is required. 118mmals and reptiles. BOO reports it a most extraordinary experience generating feelings of returning again and again. Sounds like we have a field trip and a leader just a waitingl The hunting ·season is with us again and it is with mixed feelings that I pass on to you the information that BOB WAl5TE did not get his deer again this year. ARCHIE STROf\G we.s off in mid-October on an expedit ion to southern Oregon for a bit of

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER NOVEMBER 1976

106

DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION THROUGH THE CRUST Lake Basin

Cont inental She lf with Sediment from the l and Ocean Floor with Current-transported Sediment

Basaltic Magma Chamber (periodically molten)

CROSS SECTION OF THE EARTH

CRUST Granitic layer (continents) Basaltic layer (oceans) Mohorovil\ic Discontinuity Pressure at sea level : 1 atmosphere

MANTLE Compressed iron-magnesium silicates, p robably rigid to a depth of 450 mi les BOUNDARY OF CORE (Possible su lfid e and oxide shell , according lo some scientists) OUTER CORE Nickel iron, probably molten Pressure at surface of co re: 1.5 million atmospheres INNER CORE Nickel iron, probabl y solid Preaaure at Earth' s center: about 3.5 mi ll ion atmospheres Temperature: 6000-7200° F. Diameter of Earth at polee: 7900 miles Diameter al Equator: 7971 miles Total surface area: 196,950,000 square mi l es

© 1963 The Reader's Digest Association, Inc.

Land area : 67,610,000 square miles Sea area : 139,440,000 square mi les

OEC

1Q76

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY P.O. Box 8579

•

Portland, Oregon 97207

Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE PAID Portland, Oregon Permit No. 999

Return Postage Guaranteed

I

State of Oregon (1 of 2) De.pt . of Geology & Mine ral Indust .

1069 State Office Bldg. Portland,Ore. 97201

OEOIOOICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 1976-1977 ~DMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Opal M. Helfrich 251 NE 133 wenue Portland, Oregon 972'.J) Vice President Norman A. Hessel

166$ SE Harne7 Street Portland, Ore1on 97202 Sec re taey Dorothy R. Waiste 133 SE 27 Avenue Portland, Oregon 97214 Treasurer Milbert M. Holzwarth 2524 NE 34 Avenue Pnrtland, Oregon 97212

Directors

253-7446

236-786o

235-4320

284-3Wi4

?.Ulien M. Miller

(3 years) Vincent J, Eggleston (2 years) Emily L. Delano (l year) Inmediate Past Presidents John H. Bonebrake Clair F. Stahl

771-6154 253-6741 236-2139

289-8597 281-2220

GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER Editor Margaret R. Howell Assistant Editor Marcy Hertaark Business Manager LlOJ'd A. Wilcox

244-5728 288-3347

6)6-6594

ACTIVITIES CHAIRMEN E~rth

Science Stud7 H.llis and Margaret Orem Field Trips George E. Malin Sr. Historian Lillian M. Miller Hospitality Lynn E. Malin Lectures N~rman A. Hessel Librarian Kathleen Caselton Luncheons Isn F. Simon Luncheon Programs Lsurette W. Kenney

2J4-26SO

65S-lOSl 771-6154

6SS-lOSl 236-7860 252-4870 236-0S49

Membership Ruth A. Gnldson Properties Robert Waiste Publications Lloyd A. Wilcox Publicity MBrcy Hertzmark Telephone L. ~llen Fahrinn Transpt>rtation RosinR F. Higdon Past Presidents' Panel Jt°'hn H. Bonebrake

244-2600 235-4320 6)6-6594 288-3347 244-2778

254-B2SS 289-8597

77S-56?7 ACTIVITIES

Second and fnurth Fridays, 8:00 p.m., Rnom 53, Cra111er H;:ill, Portland State University, SW Bro~dwRY at Mill Street. FIELD TRIPS: Usually nne per month, via privAte cRr, c~ravan or chartered bus. EARTH SCIENCE STUDY: Third Tuesday, except June, July, .August, 8:00 p.m., Rnnm 17, Cramer &11. LibrRry1 Rnnm• 57, open at 7:00 o.m. fnr browsing. LECTURES:

LUNCHEONS: Every Tilursday noon, except holidays . Green Room of the Hungry Horse Restaurant, Georgia Pacific Bldg., on s.w. Fourth Ave. between Taylor & Salmon. ANNUAL EVENTS: President's Ca""°ut - summer. Picnic - -ugust. Banquet - MPrch. PUBLICATI~: The Geological Newsletter, published nnce each ••nth and mailed to

each $$.OO

Subscriotiona av~ilable to Single copies, So cents.

me~bership.

a year.

libr~ries

and

nrganiz~tions

at

I

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY SINCE 1935 DECEMBER 1976

VOL.42, N0.12

CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES Deceni>er 10 Friday

LECTURE - Cramer Hall, PSU, Room 53, 8:00 p.m. NA11JRAL ROCK SCULPTIJRE IN TIIE SOUntWEST Speaker: Dr. Ruth Keen, Professor of General Science, retired, Oregon State System of Higher Education.

December 21 Tuesday

EAR1H SCIENCE SEMINAR No Meeting

December 24 Friday

HOLIDAY RECESS .

LUNCHEONS Thursdays, at noon, in the Green Room, Htmgry Horse Restaurant in the Georgia-Pacific Bldg., on S. W. Fourth Ave. between Taylor and SalllOn Sts. December 2

ELECTRIC POWER FROM GEO'lllERMAL ENERGY (Illustrated) Speakers: Rodney O. Wimer, Earth Scientist Portland General Electric Company. Alan D. Grant, Geophysicist Portland General Electric Company.

Deceni>er 9

PETRIFIED WOOD (Illustrated) Speaker: Albert J. Keen Past President, GSOC.

Oeceni>er 16

SWITZERLAND (Illustrated) Speaker: Phyllis G. Bonebrake Member, GSOC.

Oeceni>er 23

ANNUAL JAM SESSION Program: Arranged by C. Truman L. Murphy.

December 30

A VISIT TO EASTERN EUROPE (Illustrated) Part 3 -- Leningrad, Russia, to Budapest, Htmgary Speakers: Arthur Hansen, Printer, retired, Graphic Arts, and Lewis Bischoff, Salesman, retired, Eastman Kodak Co.

lfa_JJJJ fzoftd~3sfrom th~ JVewsfcttersta_J

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER OECEMBER 1976

108

LEWIS RIVER AND APE CAVES FIELD TRIP By Don Barr September 18, some 35 or more GSOC ' s gathered in the fog at the Oak Tree Restaurant at Woodland for a field trip to view the geology and natural history of the Lewis River through the Lava Cast Forest, and a walk into the lava tube at Ape Caves. A short lecture on the geology and natural history was given by the leader, Don Barr . On

The rock units to be seen in this area fall into three general groups. They are (1) the older consolidated rocks which are chiefly volcanic and form the foothills, (2) the yo\Dlger Troutdale Gravels and more recent deposits of semi-consolidated and unconsolidated gravels, sands, silts and clays which overlie the older volcanics and (3) the yotmger volcanic flows of Tumtum Mountain and the Cave Basalts . After leaving the Oak Tr ee Restaurant and traveling a few miles to the east the sun came out making the day perfect for viewing the area. The eager group had the opport\Dlity to see first hand (1) a lahar in a small quarry (lahar is a term used to designate deposits that result from a mass flowage of water mobilized material down the flanks of a volcano), (2) road cuts displaying Goble Volcanics, (3) some representative units of volcanics and marine sediments in the Cowlitz Formation and (4) a good display of Ohanapocosh units, some containing large zeolites . In a quarry just west of Cougar two lahars were well displayed i n a weathered zone . It was coffee time when the caravan arrived at the community of Cougar, and the group took on some energy in the form of goodies and coffee at the Cougar Cafe. The rest stop over, the party started up the road toward the Ape Cave area, passing through a zone of beautifully preserved pressure ridges contained in the Cave Basalt . Farther along the route they passed through a series of eight terraces which contain a record of the complex sequence of valley filling and erosion. These terraces overlie the western margin of Cave Basalt. After having lunch at the Lava Cast area which is also in the Cave Basalts, the group walked through an excellent exposure of tree casts, some upright and some horizontal. These tree casts are somewhat larger than the ones seen in Central Oregon during l ast su11D!ler•s campout, and attest to a much more moist environment preceding the flow here. Also seen in this Lava Cast area are well-developed pahoehoe lava, tumuli and pressure r i dges. Leaving the Lava Cast area the group continued up the mountain to Ape Cave. The cave was named for a group of local cave explorers who called themselves the St. Helens Apes, after a large, hairy, ape-like creature which was reported to have attacked a group of miners,in the early 1920's, who were working on the east side of Mt. St. Helens . The Cave Basalt spilled out at the 4,800 foot level on the southwest flank of Mt. St. Helens some 1,900 years ago. It is a high alumina pahoehoe flow which moved 6 . 5 miles down a stream valley cut into late Quarternary lahar and pyroclastic flow deposits. The Cave Basalt contains a nUlllber segments of lava tubes, one of which is Ape Cave . The cave is divided into parts with the upper segment some 7,400 feet in length whereas the lower segment about 3,400 feet long. After the lamps were lit and flashlights turned on, the group entered the cave through a collapsed tumuli to the lower segment of the cave. Many lava tube features were seen during the hike to the end of the cave, including multiple flow lines, drag lines, tumuli, rafted materials, and balls of lava wedged between and fused to the walls. Bits of pumi ce were to be seen on the tube floor, washed in by surface water. Two vegetative areas were passed through during the t-ip from Woodland to Ape Cave. The first few miles were ranch and fam land with cattle and fields

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER DECEMBER 1976

109 that had contained crops. Trees seen were Garry Oak, Red Alder, Douglas Fir, Westem Red Cedar and Willow along streams. The second general vegetative area encolD\tered during the field trip was at the elevation from 1,500 to 4,000 feet . Trees seen in this zone were Douglas Pir, Western Red Cedar, Hemlock, Alder. A variety of ferns were seen at the Lava Cast area as well as a nulli>er of species of mosses and lichens. When the field trip ended quite a nwnber of the group stayed to look at the view of the beautiful molD\tain and maple-red landscape. It was not easy to tear ourselves away from the timelessness of it all and from the JllOlD\tain air. EARTII SCIENCE SEMINAR

By C.T. L. Murphy The October 19th Library Night saw a very interesting program on a pertinent geologic subject, the weathering of rocks. Program Director, Margaret Orem, had enlisted the services of one of the best mineralogists of the society, Geneva Hessel, to present the subject. Geneva opened by stating that once the original igneous rock had cooled it was attacked by various sources to reduce it to rubble or sedim at. This aay be accomplished by mechanical or by chemical means . The rock is a co~lD\d of stable or lD\stable minerals and each responds according to its resistance qualities. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are the chief chemical irritants. The stable minerals •ight be potash, feldspar, muscovite and quartz. The unstable minerals may be olivine, augite, hornblende, biotite mica, plagioclase and calcium. Mechanical action would seek to reduce the rock by wind, by freezing and thawing, by tumbling in a gravity stimulus, by rollin g in a stream wash or by glacial movement. Plant roots in a rock fracture would expand and furthur separate the fracture. Geneva made a potent observation about stream mechanics. She said that a rock in water had lost much of i ts weight due to the specific gravity and is, thus, more able to respond to the water' s movement and tumbling action. Sediments from a disintegrated rock may reveal the type of weathering because of the stable or tmstable minerals remaining. She illustrated this by specimens of sand from the beach or soil from her garden . Such might indicate whether the rock had been rolled,or slid, or deposited by landslide, or gravity. Beach sand is probably the ultimate destination of weathered or residual sand. Class discussion and participation spar ked the peri od and made this one of the most rewarding programs of the Library Night project. Margaret's refreshment cotmter was popular. NEW GSOGers

PADDI SON , Fred A. and Cleo J. 3750 SE Henry Street Po~tl and, Ore~on 97202

774-4920

Fred, who is now retir ed, formerly operated the Schwin1 bicycle shop i n LakB Oswego . The Padd:l.sons are s pons ored by Ruth Gold3on . --DR.W'

THE GEOLGICAL NEWSLETTER DECEMBER 1976

110

EAST FORK OF

nrn

LEWIS RIVER TO CARSON, WASHINGTON By Don Barr

The air was filled with cold fog as the clan GSOC gathered in the school parking lot at Battlegro\D\d, Washington. The ocasion was the October 16th field trip up the East Fork of the Lewis River to see the geology and view the fall leaves. The leader was Bob Waiste with a back-up by Don Barr. While we waited for the group to assemble in the parking lot the Battlegrot.md Police Department seemed to be keeping an eye on us. A second \D\explained activity in the area was a woman driving in a big Cadillac by the parking lot honking her honi and waving each time she passed. Guess we'll never know! The program began with the second-in-command giving a summary of the geology of the Clark Co\D\ty area. The caravan took off to the east with Bob looking at the map, Dorothy, his co-pilot, instructing him how to read it, and Don Barr flipping a coin before each intersection to determine direction. Our first stop was at Big Tree Falls. The water here flows over Goble Volcanics. A good display of water erosion was seen in the curve of the river at water level. The park is in a forest environment that contains Douglas Fir, Grand Fir and Weste111 Red Cedar. There was also a great display of fungi. The caravan tunted south on a forest service road which passed through the Gifford Pinchot National Forest, and made its next stop at Sunset Campgro\Dld. The st.m was just breaking through the fog as the group gathered for l\Dlch at the campgro\D\d loaated in a beautiful setting of Westent Red Cedar, Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Big Leaf Maple, Vine Maple, Red Alder and White Alder, along with a good representation of shrubs. This spot is remarkable for the great variety of trees. After lunch the GSOC's walked up-river a quarter of a mile to view the falls and the vegetation where the East Fork of the Lewis River cascades over flows of Goble volcanics. An arm of a glacier originating in the vicinity of Mo\D\t Adams and Mot.mt St. Helens during the last ice-age extended down through this area. A~er leaving the campgrot.md we continued down the road to where the snags of the Yacolt Bunt of the early 1900's could be seen standing tall and white in color against the backgro\Dld of green new- growth timber. Snags are a problem to forestry people in that they are fire hazards when hit by lightning, but they are home to many birds and animals. In a nuni>er of surveys indicated in ·0rogon Wildlife, Novellber 1976 issue, snags provide home for as many as 43 species of birds and as many as 19 species of animals in Oregon. Also on the road to the next couple of stops the group could see the large patches of clear-cutting type forestry. The problem of clear-cutting versus selective cutting is still being debated. Our next stop was at an outcropping of Ohanapocosh containing weathered and decomposed rocks . A fault was also observed at the point of the outcropping. One of the group identified feldspars that had decoq>osed to a clay. At this stop we had the opport\D\ity to see the extent of the Yacolt Bunt on a high vista, also to view the dramatic steepness of this mountain country, probably indicating it to be a rather yo\Dlg terrain. A third stop after leaving the Sunset CampgrolDld, was another outcropping of Ohanapocosh showing an intrusion of a granitic type rock. Some 200 to 300 feet down the road on each side of this corner outcropping a steep bank of grqy breccia was observed.

Leaving this outcropping of Ohanapocosh the caravan headed to Cougar Rock, stopping for a time on a ridge that presented beautiful views of Mo\Dlt Adams and Mount St. Helens on one side of the road and Mo\D\t Hood on the other side. Here, too, was to be seen the striking fall colors on the deciduous trees. The s top at Cougar Rock was most rewarding for spectacular geology. Here to be seen was a basaltic lava flow with a gran i te-like rock intruding into it.

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER DECEMBER 1976

111

Some 300 feet farther up the road one could see a second spectacular bit of geology. Here in the road-cut was a lava flow some 40 feet or 1110re in depth with a three to four foot deep breccia overlying the lava, two dikes of an andesitic type rock cutting through both the lava and the breccia, and to the right of one of the dikes a small fault. Seen in this area were several kinds of flowers, including some bluebells still in bloom. Leaving this stop, the forest service road wotmd down the ridge. At one point we had a view of an early day Forest Service practice--deep-cutting horizontal terraces to foster new growth on steep terrain. 'Ihe practice was abandoned as it was not successful. The road continued down to the Wind River and through the Wind River Research area, over the Wind River Gorge and finally we returned to the Colwnbia River Highway where the party broke up, some heading for home and others gathering at the Char- Burger in Cascade Locks. LUNCHEON HIGHLIGHTS By William M. Freer At the October 21 Thursday Luncheon FRANK E. COLBURN, Curator of the Georgia-Pacific Logging Museum in the subway between the G-P Building and its parking facility across Fourth Avenue, showed us an interesting filmstrip of the history of logging from the early ox-team and horses days through the railroad and high-lead era to the present logging truck method of getting timber out of the woods. After the film-strip he took us on a conducted tour of the museum. In the combined program we saw graphic illustrations--photographs, artifacts, dioramas and models--of Oregon's number one industry, timber products, from falling the trees in the woods to their emergence as lumber, plywood, and all manner of paper and other pulp products. We saw ox-teams at work, huge logging wheels used in the pine, logging camps, geared locomotives, donkey engines and high-lead operations, the famous Benson log rafts that were towed down to a San Diego mill, and other mills and pulp plants. This was a fine program, and Georgia-Paoific is to be commended for giving Portland this valuable historical adjunct.

The Recycling of Aluminum was the subject a.£ the October 28 Luncheon when JOSEPH N. HOFFATT, the Northwest Public Relations Manager for the Reynolds Hetals Company, spoke to us on this phase of aluminum production. Indeed, this is a rare instance where eTen the most contentious of environmentalists and the company are existing in euphoric bliss. Hr. J.ioffatt, in his smooth, very professional exposition, impressed us with the importance of aluminum in saving energy. Because of its lightness it saTes untold barrels of fuel oil when used in the construction of railway rolling stock, trucks and trailers, shipping containers and aircraft. The aircraft industry as we know it today would not be feasible without the use of aluminum. The payoff is that it takes only ~ percent of the energy to recycle aluminum that it does to reduce it from bauxite in the first place. This bright and encouraging program made the rest of our day brighter. The November 4 Luncheon learned about the Major Plate Tectonic . Structures of Oregon when DR. JOHN D. BEAULIEU of DOGAMI outlined them for us in a way that shattered our smugness in believing that we lived in a virtually earthquake-free area. The problem is that the documented geologic profile--the length of time that records have been kept--is so short that it is useless for extrapolating predictions of either earthquakes or volcanism that frequently accompany each other, and for all we know there is

TiiE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER INDEX By Dorothy R. Waiste Volume 42

January-December 1976

EA:R'rH SCIENC~ STUJY (Libra"".'y Nights)

SUB,JEC'rS and TITLES ARTICLES ( Not lectures)

A Natural History Wonderland Glacier Nation::ll Park By Don al d D. Barr • •• •• . Aug.76 Colnmbia River Basalts: Interesting Pl aces t o Visit By Aaron C. Waters. • • • . .Feb . 6 Cramer Hall Seismograph to be RJ3plar::ed . • • • • • • June 61 Earth Sciance Experts to Review Pa ::ifi c Northwest, Geolol:f (USGS) • • • • • May 53 M..'l.lheur National Wildl i.fe Ref uga By El 9an:> ::- & Wally MeCl u.~. J·.ily 69 O.:!currenee of th~ Genus Epitonim~ in the Keasey FJJl ..

in

o~egon

By J:>hn -F. Lawler • • • • • Ao.c. O:~l

36

Under the N:>rth S<3a

By Vernon C. N13wt on J·r. . • Jan. 2 Possibility of Mt. Bake r Eruption Now "less Likely" (USGS) May 48 Retiri::hi Associat,es o.f PSU Hear.of GSOC f r o:n D::- . John Elio·~

By C. Trum~n L. Mu:nphy . . . . J an . 3 Mar. 30, Apr. 39, May 51. June f:JJ July 70 , Nov. 103 , D3~· 109 Earth Sc. Semina:'.' By Hollis and Marga~et o,:-am• • Sep. 85 FrEIJ) TRIPS

Camassia Field Trip, May 1, 1976 By Geneva Hessel • • • • • • • June 59 E:1st Fork o.f Lewis Riva r to Carson, Washington By D:>nald D. Barr . • • • • • Dec . 110 Lewls Ri1re-{' and thA Ape CaYa Field Trip By Donald D. Barr . • • • Dec . 108 Royal Treatment at Gro·..mZe llerba~h

By Charle::-ie M. Hol zwarth • Apr . 38 The BonneiTille Dam Field Trip A::ionyrno•.is (W!n. M. :Freer) • • • Ju.ne 58 We ather and the U. S • Air Force By Donald G. Turnt~r . • • Mar. 28 . • • Mar. 23

By Dom.ld Go Turner .

All en . • . . • • • • • • . • J·,mn 62

St:>ry of the Ammonite

By Cynth.La M. B . fr·: -ayer • • Ma"' . 24 ThA Eart h's Crust .Nov . 101 By C. Truman L., Murphy. Then a s Bow t By Sir Archibald Geikie • • June 62

BANQUET

Fo::-ty-First A."lnu al Banq~JBt Sa.lutes Bicentennial,

Wo.:nen ' s Ya ar

By Maroy furtzmark. . Apr. 40 Inau gu.r.al Addras s By Opal M. He lfrich . • Apr . 4.3 Ore~on State Geolo~ist t o be Feb, 19 Banquet Speaker. • • • • Apt'il Pi~tures . . . . . . . . . Prasident' s Far ewell Address By J ·.)hn . H. Bom~brake . • • • A;>r. 4'2

G0 Llapsed Calde~as - Campout hcture by D::- . B~u ~e Nolf By Opal M. Helfrich . . Sep .

83

Gonodon ts - A Le cture by D1· . Joseph J . Ko!-111t By Cynth.ia M. B. D:'.'ay~r • • , Apt'.'. 40 Dry "Falls with W9.lthall By Charlen•3 M. Holzwarth J 9.n. . 3 Ge.1logy & ArchaAology o: t he Cen~ral Saha~a

-

Smit h B".r Gen1na H13ssel

D~ .

Andrew B.

• • • • •

J•ily 68

~~re - Crystals and Mini.~ral

Spe cies Viewed &J Geno-rn Hessel • . . • • • • Feb. 19 LETTERS

A Letter from the Edito:- and Some

BOOK REViE\tlS " North America and the Or-eat I ce Age" by C. L. Matsch

LEIJTtnES (Repor-t.ed by)

From Ac·ross Her Desk B-1 V.~ola L. Oberson. • • • • • Feb. 20 N
101

L!JNCH~ONS

Havasu Canyon By Frank Boer sma, M.D• •• • • Feb. 13 ~unche on HighJ.ight s • Jan.. 4 _ By Wi lliam M. Freer . • . Feb . 21, Mar . 31, Apr. 45, May 55, June 63, J·. ily 71, Au&! • 78, Sep . 85, Oct. 92 , Nov . 183, Dec. 111 Your Pet Rock Has A Past B-1 George A. Desfeldo~fer • Feb . 19

!Jew GSOCers B--1 Dorothy R. Waiste • • • • Apr . ~ May 52, J~~e 61, Jul y 70 , Aug. 77 Sep. 85, Oct. 93, Nov. 102, Dec. 109 Nr.-•"'inating Conun:l ttee A..>pointed. . • . . • • • • •No·1. 101

No'linations fo-r 1976- 77. . . Jan. 4 President ' s Message By John H. Bonebrake • • . . Jan. 3 Proposed Budget f or 1976-77 • . May 50

MEMORIALS Bert Gil lett . . George A. Munro . Grace Poppleton

Nov. 1:)1 . • Sep. 85 . Jan . 3

H3WS OF MEMBlmS W:il co:ces 1 People Column By Lloyd and Reba. • • Jan. Feb . 22, Mar. By IJ..oyd A. Wtlcox . . Apr . May 56, J·me 64, J·.i.l y 72, A'1g . Sep •. 86, Oct. 95, Nov.104, Dec .

4 33 46 79 112

Pet Rocks (Song) By K. N. Philliµs • . . . • Oct . 94 PICNICS By Mar~aret R. Howell • •. Oct . 93

PHESI DENT 1 S CAMPOUT Campout at Paulina Mt. -Ft . Rock Area By Robe"t't L. G.g,mer. • Sep. 82 Collapsed C:ilderas By Opal M. Helfrich •• Sep . 83 J ·11113 6.') information • . . • . Wotes 0:".1 1976 Carnpout By Effie Hall • • • • • Sep. 90 Sep. Pictures . . • . • • • • • •• Preliminary Information . May 51 President ' s Campout July 66 By Opal M. Helfrich • SOCIETY (Business and A.ff ail's) Financial Statement • • • • • From t he Executhre Committee . From the Secretary - Notice of A.'Ulual Meetin~ • • • . •• Minutes of the A.~nual Meetin~ By Doro!;hy R. Waiste. • New Members Welcomed . . . Feb . 21,

May 50 J·Jly 67

AUTHORS BARR, DCl-I AIJ) D.

History Wonderl and Glacier National Park • • • • • Eas~ Fork of Lewis River to Carson, Washington • • Lewis River and the Aoe Cave Field Trip • • • • ~ BOERSMA, :FRANK Ha,rasu Canyon • • • BONZ:i3RAKE, JoJHN H. President ' s :.Fa:.~ewell Address .• President!s Message • • • • • • n:KB:·rn:;:.noRF1n, GEORGE A. Your Pet Rock Has a Past • • • • DRAYER, CYNT~IA M. B~ Conodon!;s - A Lecture by Dr . Joseph J . _K0h11t • • • . • • The Sto::-y of the A:n..'lloni.te • . • A

Nat~al

Aug. 76 Dec. 110 Dec. 108

Feb . 13 Apr. 42 Jan. 3 Feb . 19 Ap~.

40

Mar. 24

FREER, WILLIA.J'1 M.

Lnncheo.o . Highl i.ghts • • • • • • Jan. 4 Feb . 21, MaJ' , 31, Apr. 45, .May 55 June 63, July 71, Au.g . 78, Sep . 85 Oct. 92 , No7. 103, Dec . 111 The Bonneville Dam Field Trip • June 58 GAM!m, ROBERT L. Ca".T!pout at Paulina Mt.-Ft . R0ck • Sep . 82 .Are a • . • . . . . • GEIKI E, SIR ARCHIBALD • • J·.m e 62 Tb~n As Now ! .• . • .. . • • HALL, E?FIE M.

Feb. 21

Notes on 1976 Gampout •

• Sep. 90

HlU.F'RICH, OPAL M.

May 49 Jan . 3 Ma~ . 76

Collapsed Calderas ••• • Sep. 83 Inaugural. A1dress • • • •• Apr . 43 • • July 66 PTesideot 1 s Campout •

HERTZMARK, MARCI Fo::-t;.r-first A.."lllual Banquet Salutes Bicentenn.ial, Women's Year. . . • • • Apr . 40 HESSEL, GEl'IB:VA E. Camassia Field Trip. • • June 59 Geology & Archaeol ogy of the Ce nt~al Sahara - Lecture by Dr. Anir.ew B. &'llith • • • • July 68 Micro-Crystals and Mineral Species Viewed. • • • • • • Feb. 19 HOLZWAR'rH, CHARLENE M. Dr.r Falls Wtth Walthall. •• J an . 3 Royal ~reat~nt at CrownZelle rbac h. . . . • • • • • Apr. 38 HOW.ELL, MA."tlGARE'r R • Picnics • • . • • • • • • • • Oct. 93 LAWLER, JOHN F.

Occurrence of the Genus Epitoniwn in the Keasey Formation • • • • • • • • • Apr. 36 McCLUNG, ELEANOR & WALLY Malheur National Wildlife Refuge • • • • • • • . • • • J~ly 69 MURPHY, C • TRID'1Ai'J L. Ear th Scien~e Study . • • • • Jan . 3 Mar. 30, Apr. 39, May 51, June 6o July 70, Nov. 103, Dec. 109 T!JA E3.rth 1 s C·rust. • • • • No~1. 101 NEWTON' JR • ' VERirnn G. O:il Under the North S-:la. • Ja:.1. 2 OBER.Sot~

VIOLA L.

A Letter from the Edito~

and Some "From Across Her Desk • • • • • • • • • • Fab . 20 O~M, HO:J. l:S A~D MA.._ql}_\..-qg·r Earth Seience Sem:i..n3.r. • S-3p. 85 PHIIJ..I PS, KENNETH N. Pet Rocks (Song) • • • • Oet. 94

TURNER, DONALD G. Weather and the U. S. Air -Force (Field trip). • WAISTE,

• M3.:r. 28

DORO'I'HY

R. Minutes o.f the An1u3.l

Meeting • • • • • • •

May

49

Apr. 44 May 52, June 61, July 70 , Aug. 77 Sep. 85, Oct. 93, Nov. 102, Dec. 109 Nomi.n.'iting Committee Appoint'3d . • . • . . • Nov . 101

i\Jew GSOCers. . • • • •

WATERS, AAROH C.

Columbia River Basalts • • • Feb . 6 WILCOX, LLOYD AtiD Ri:BA Wilcoxes People Column. • • Jan.

4

Feb. 22, Mar.. 33 Wi:LGO:X:, LLOYD A. News of Members Aor. 46 May 56, June 61+, J ·.i.ly 72,A~~. 79 Sep. 86, Oet. 95, Noy. 104, Dec. 112

THE GEOLGICAL NEWSLETTER OECEMBER 1976

112

the possibility of practically anything happening at any time in the way of major upheavals. John analyzed Oregon's rather intricate s ystem of plate tectonics--its major fault zones and lineaments and dike swarms and the Cascade volcanos--which obviously cannot be reported here. However, the J une, 1976 number of the Ore Bin has an excellent dissertation on this subject written by John and Dr. John Allen, and t hat is what you should read. Under the auspices of ARTHUR HANSEN and LEWI S BI SCHOFF the November \'l e flew on Paa Am over the pole to Londen and on to Vienna--one of the world 's loveliest cities--where we stayed long enough to get some excellent views of its elegant opera house, t hose fabulous Hapsburg palaces, and the graceful stone bridges over the Blue Danube which is really brown. From her e we slipped behind t he Iron Curtain into Czechoslovakia, had lunch i~ Br no, and spent t he ni ght in Prague--or rather Praha, and crossed over into Poland to Krakow, and on to Warszawa where we are until next Thursday. Then we will enter ~uropean Russia proper, and we are champing at the bit, for this is an exciting trip loaded with all the old-world charm of old and elegant architecture in the churches and cathedrals and public buildi ngs and all manner of other interesting and delightful scenes. You can catch us at the Russian border in the Green Room on Thursday -11 Luncheon took off for a three-week visit to Eastern hurope.

53%

rea~hed its Q 3 o~o gi cal Society

The PSlJ S9ismogra?h Fu:.a::l has

was contr ibated by the

Of t he total of over $5000, and its members .

goal.

NEWS OF MEMBERS By Lloyd and Reba Wilcox

last spring REBA and I made a camping parents asked me if Pd like to go campt~ip through the Bas in and Range Proing on the desert and I said"yes". We vince. We secured permiss ion for our picked up my Aunt at the farm just past Silverton, Or egon. We crossed the Cascade grandson, Scott Cooper, to be released Mountains over Santiam pass on Highway 20 from school so that he could accompany us. Scott collected rocks which he to the town of Bend. Bend is at the edge of the timber where the High Desert of passed out to his schoolmates at a proCentral Oregon begins. We stopped for gram arranged so that he could show them the slides we took on the trip. lunch at the town of Brothers. For many He also read to them an essay he composed years, Brothers had a population of one. Now there is a restaurant there with one as penance for escaping school for one cook and two waitresses, so the populaday. ln-as-rruch as I will be in California through the month of November, untion has quadrupled. After lunch we able to write a column, and in-as-rnJch drove to Glass Buttes where we looked for as I don't want you to feel that you are obsidian. This obsidian is composed of f inally rid of me, and in-as-rruch as I the same rock that granite comes from. thoroughly enjoyed Scott's writing myIf the rock is permitted to renain molten for a long period of time before self, I am taking the liberty to pass it on to you as my contribution to this it cools, it will crystallize, forming la rge crystals and is called granite. If month's issue, hoping that you will get the molten rock cools quickly and does as much enjoyment from it as I. Scott is ten years old and already he shows not permit the formation of crystals, it great promise as a contributor to this becomes natural glass or obsidian. Most column. Here it is as he wrote it: of the flows of lava that formed Glass Butte cooled slowly enouih to form "JS( S • A • ABUUT tviY Th Ipu Rhyolite (sounds like R 1 1i te), an intermediate form between obsidian and "Saturday morning, May 22, my grandgra nite. It has very small crystalline

o

THE GEOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER DECEMBER 1976

structure. Most of 'the obsidian is black. Some of it has brown color in it. This is called mahogany by the rock hounds. Glass Butte is a Ple T st o ~e ne (sound of s) volcano which means tha d was formed in the last Three million years. 11Just ea&t of Glas~ Buttes, is a Cinnabar mine. Cinnabar is a mineral from which mercury is extracted. We took pictures of this area but did not go to the mine. We conti,...,ed east on Highway 20 to its junction with Highway 395 at Riley where we turned south on 395. Sat. night, we camped in the Desert, behind a gravel pile that belonged to the Oregon State Highway Convnission. there is no water on the desert. All the water we had was 5 gallons that we brought with us. That meant that I did not have to take a bath. The next morning we headed south on Highway 395 until we got to Hogback Ridge which is just North of Abert Lake. Here we turned east on a gravel road and drove to the Hart (d) Mountain Animal Refuge. There are man¥ lakes in the valley west of Ha.rt (d) Mountain. In . this valley we looked for Sunstones. Su~ stones are a gem quality mineral allled Feldspar. This particular Feldspar is hi_gh in Pot~ ssium, and is called L ~ br 'd d o r T te. ~e saw some crystals owned by a man named Mr. P.ogers that Vtere worth $5,000.00. He showed us the lareest red crystal ever found. He also h9:d green, and pink and yellow. The large crystals are very valuable. The smaller crystals are only worth $1600.00 a pound. These Feldspar crystals have weathered out of a flow of the basaltic lava. These crystals grew in the magll'B which is what the lava was called before it was cooled.

113

way 31 and drove through the valleys of Sull111er Lake and Silver Lake. Surrmer Lake is at the foot of ~inter Rim. Both of these were named by Captain John C. Fremont who led and expedition through this country in 1843. The names were given because of the extreme change of temperature the explcring party experienced as they dropped down off of the Rim to the shore of the lake. Coming west from Silver Lake we turned off the highway and visited Fort Rock. Fort Rock was formed when a volcano erupted in the bottom of an ancient lake, long since dried up. A few years ago, a sandal was found in a cave on the shore of this ancient lake. Th is sandal was carbon 14 dated at 9,000 years.

••Just west of Fort Rock, we left the desert and entered the forest again. The trees of this forest are growing on a rre.ntal of pumice. This pumice was carried here through the air from the explosion the. t destroyed Mt. Mazarre. about 6, 000 years ago. Crater l.Pke is located in the stump of Mt. Mazama. At Lapine, we tur~ ed north on highway 97. We stopped for lunch at Lava River Caves. The caves were formed thusly: as the lava on the outside of the flow cooled, the molten rock within flowed on, leaving a tunnel. The roof of this tunnel caved in forming the enterance to the cave. We did not go into the cave, as we have been there before and we had to hurry home, so that I woula not miss another day of school. Upon leaving the caves we soon entered Bend and retraced our outward route home. The High Desert wa~ so named because it is located at an altitude of from 4,000 ft. to 6,000 ft. and receives less than ten inches of rain a year. tJost of it is covered with various grasses and shrubs "Sunday night, we camped in a ~ta te Park that collectively are colllTlonly known as on Highway 395 north of the town of Lakesage brush. "8.ny beautiful wild flowers view. The Lakeview Chamber of Conmerce bloom in the desert in the spring. ~e advertises to the world that at 4,800 ft. saw some Jackrabbits, a coyote, and some they live in the tallest town in the state. antelope. Other wild animals that live In Lakeview we watched a geyser erupt. in the desert include deer, wildcat, Geysers are formed by surface water perBadgers, raccoon, ground-squirrels, colating dcw;n through the ground until it lizerds, and rattle snakes. reache& the hot rocks of a Mlgrm Chamber. There it is changed to steam and forced by "I liked everything on the trip exept the pressure back to the surface where it the bath I had to take when I got home." erupts in a cloud of steam and hot water. "Monday

morning we turned west on High-