‫ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬

‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺄﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺏ‬ ‫‪ 1432‬ﻩ‬

‫‪ 2711‬ﻙ‬

‫‪ 2011‬ﻡ‬

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XVII 0 1

2

Previous Studies Preface

General Studies (1997) Making a New Science Gleick

1.1 1.1 1 Gleick

. 1970

3

Gleick

Turbulence

3

5

. Lorenz 8

(

(298

)

Gleick

.

A Proposed Name for A periodic Brain

Freeman,

2

1

2000 Activity Stochastic Chaos

Freeman

.

4

“The brain transforms sensory messages into conscious perceptions almost instantly. Chaotic, collective activity involving millions of neurons seems essential for such rapid recognition” Freeman Walter Freeman 2000)

Managing Workplace Chaos Patricia Hutchings 3 1 Workplace Solutions for Managing Information, Paper, Time, and Stress 2002

12

15

5

78

82

183

4 2005

1

6

. 

.

 " 

2005



.

5 2007

2007

2007

.

1

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪ 6‬دراسة حممد‪ :‬ثيسبووني بينني و كاريطةري لةسةر رةفتاري كومةاليةتي ‪2008‬‬

‫" رون و ئاشكراية كة هونةري تةالرسازي طوزارشت لة شيوةي ذيان ثيَشكةوتين ئاسيت طوزةراني‬ ‫ميممةتان دةكات بة شيوةيةيةك ئةطةر بة ئاسيت ثيويست نةبوو ئةوا جوريك لة ثيسبوون دروست دةكات كة بة‬ ‫ثيسبووني بينني‬

‫ناسراوة"‪(.‬‬

‫‪114‬‬

‫‪118‬‬

8

1 1

Freeman

1

2 Gleick,

Patricia Hutchings

3

4

5

6

9

Specific Studies

2.1

1977 Learning From Las Vegas , Robert Venturi

12 1

Venturi

p115

“Modern architecture has not so much excluded the commercial vernacular as it has tried to take it over by inventing and enforcing a vernacular of its own, improved and universal. It has rejected the combination of fine art and crude art” (p6) chaos

119

1993

“The creation of architectural form was to be a logical process, free from images of past experience, determined solely by program and structure, with an occasional assist, from intuition.”)(p8).

(p58)

(p131)

Form

space

Venturi

10

13

2000

1968

The Dynamics of Architectural Form Arnheim

22 1 1996

162

The object thus does not fit with its neighbors into a super ordinate structure. Created by them all and containing them as organic parts. The disorientation resulting from a chaos of forces impinging on one another in a disorderly fashion makes it impossible to determine the place and spatial function of any object within the perceptual field 25 La Danse Henri Matisse 160

.

165

.

11

If human beings are to interact with a building functionally, they must be united with it by visual continuity. Huge though a building may be as a whole, it can make contact with the visitor by providing a range of sizes, some small enough to be directly relatable to human body. These human-sized architectural elements serve as connecting links between the organic inhabitant and the inorganic habitation. 133

Complexity of Architecture in

March & Edge, 32 1 2000 complex city

(4

"the understanding of chaos however can apply to as part of the phenomena within certain circumstances; and when they do apply; it is within a limited time scale;). 181 )

7

"the edge of chaos is where complex adaptive systems acquire the basic evolutionary competence of developing internal models of the environment and have the widest range of behaviors to choose from" (march & edge 2000 181 )

2

12

1990

42 1

29

40

66

13

2000

52 1

34

34

2000

45

46

14

2006

62 1

27

19

.

65

17

18

2006

2006

149

15

72 1 2007

2007

. .

2007

.

2007

–

– –

–

– –

2007

.

16

82 1 2007

2007

2007

2007

17

92 1 2008

120

\March & Edge

Arnheim

Venturi

18 2 1

1

2

3

19 2 1

4

5

6

20 2 1

7

8

9

21

Abstract

Research Problem

 

Research Objective

  

22



Hypotheses





Research Methodology





23





 

Research Frontiers

       2010 1990

25

Preface

26

1 2 The Chaos

265

:

2

1.1 2

1974

2006

Confusion - Disorder Chaos Madness Anarchy Lawlessness Mess Clutter–Disarray

2002،1972

Anarchy) Anarkhia) 27

1981

Paul Thiry

1993

25

1992

141

1979

1904

Seattle World's Fair 1962

Paul Thiry



27

Dynamical Chaos Random

2 2 55 55

2006

2 2

2006

Chaos Idiomatically

2.1 2

Thermodynamic orderly

21

2004

157 90 10

1996

1997

Arnheim1996

.

28

: : Anarchie 2005

Archie

An

3 2

Chaos Philosophically

32

3.1 2

2006

Démiurge

2005

Hegel

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪150‬‬

‫‪Brodon‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫*‪Karl Max‬‬

‫‪Hegel‬‬ ‫‪1985‬‬

‫‪151‬‬

‫‪44‬‬ ‫‪169‬‬

‫كارل ماركس (‪ 5‬مايى ‪ 1818‬إلى ‪ 14‬مارس ‪ .)1883‬كان فيلسىفًا ألماويًا‪ ،‬سياسي‪ ،‬وصحفي ‪ ،‬ومىظّز اجتماعي‪ .‬قام‬ ‫بتأليف العديد مه المؤلفاث إال أن وظزيته المتعلقت بالزأسماليت وتعارضها مع مبدأ اجىر العمال هى ما أكسبه شهزة‬ ‫عالميت‪ .‬لذلك يعتبز مؤسس الفلسفت الماركسيت‪ ،‬وأحد المىظزيه األساسييه للفكز الشيىعي‪ .‬مشكال ما يدعى اليىم‬ ‫باالشتزاكيت العلميت‪( .‬الشيىعيت المعاصزة) ‪.‬‬

30 4 2

Order And Disorder

4.1 2

90

1997

(David Bohm)

4,3,2,1

Bohm&Peat1987/p111)

³2

²2 Bohm

107

Bohm & Peat 1987

30

2003

53

2004

31

(henry adams) (order

64

87

1

2000

1

1975

1997

65

11

2000

Arnheim,1977,p.162

89 141

1999

Bohm & Peat 1987

2005

32

30 30

1996

5 2

1996

ordering Arnheim,1977,p.165

1 2

Arnheim.1977,p.171-172

Venturi

115

1987

33

1 2

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

8

8

Chaos Theory physics of complexity

10

29

2003

1996

Temporality

51 2

34

2

3

2000

2006

29

2003

2007 146

30 8

2002

2000

   (fractal theory) GAIA 31

2002

35

61 2 1 61 2

Chaos in Physics

7

7 19

6 2

2003

2003

2006

7

2002

Harold Blum All real processes go with an increase of entropy. The entropy also measures the randomness, or lack of orderliness of the system ,the greater the randomness, the greater the entropy

( 595 379

2006

Blum ,1955, .

36

7

6 2

2003

(14 7

2003

1962Blum

37

Chaos in Mathematics

2 61 2

trajectories random curves Bohm & Peat 987/p126)

2

2000

Mandelbrot Determinism



sensitivity



order

30

2002

Dynamical Chaos Random

55

2006

Randomness

2003



38

(Bohm & peat 1987,p 126)

Chaos in Philosophy

3 61 2

147

219

*Malevich

1970

2005

50

1996

1935 1878

Kazimir Malevich

2007

39

203

2002

* Ernest Barker

142

154

117

1985

1988

97

1988

______________________________________________________________ 1920

1960 1874

Ernest Barker ** 1927

40

Chaos in Religion

130

19

4 61 2

Rives 1996

1978

115

39،40،41

42

1972 64

{

41

2 2

65

1988

2 2

Chaos in Arts

5 61 2

Hesiod work and days

( .

)

Eros W.

Othello

. –

Paradise lost Black spring

Shakespeare

J. Melton H. Miller 147

2007

Herbert Reid

39

1978 1

.

42

338

36

1999

38

141

190

1998

1999

1999

.

23

1978

39

2،1978

1،1978

43

46

1999

1919

1917

1922 197

64

2005

1986

Chaos in Economy

661 2 :

. 20

" 27

1998

1994

44

Brodon

1848 5

79

1978

1991

"

2005

.

44 164

1978

1978

1865 1809

45

Chaos in Management

761 2

76

2005

1410 156

86

1998

83

Hutchings 2002/p93)

3 2

2005

46

42

2005

 

7 2

43

2005

   295

1965

    103

2008

47 43

7 2

2005

Chaos in Politics

8.2.2 2 Hedley Bull

239

1987

3

48

2005

.

176

149

253

1996

1980

1978

13

29

1995woods

2003

14

1995woods)

49

28

25

1995woods)

2003

2008

. . 2005

2007 10

57

2005

)

2003

Richard Dorti

2005

Baconin

2005

50

Chaos in Sociology

961 2 Sociology

1406

1332 33

2005

Anomie

454

23

1979

314

1989

1975

42

6

42

1990

2002

1990

18

2006

51

17

2006

6

2002

Chaos in Architecture

10 6 1 2 Vitruvious

18

2005

306

147

ching1979

2009

(Johnson1994/p242)

State of Utter Confusion and Disorder

52

Disorder and Shapelessness

Johnson 1994 /p241)

Robert Kiedis

49

8 2

22

15

39

Jencks 1997

2004

2000

8 2

1992

53

Schulz

21

22

2004

2006

(Johnson 1994/p233)

39

2000

1 2

30

150

1996

2006

Jencks 1997/p22)

54



55

Chaos In History Of Architecture

2 2

Schulz “Time is not a phenomenon, but the order of phenomenal succession and change” 121 20

2005

2005

A.Coloquhoun 45

45

2006

1850 1400

1850 639

2006

56

Architecture of ancient civilizations

1 2 2 1.1 .2 .2

Mesopotamia Architecture

9

30

11

2 2

2007

1:1 1:2 1:3

2008

1:2

1 2

2.1 .2 .2

Nile Valley Architecture

80

15

2008

2008

57

110

2005

43

Greek Architecture

19

120

46

2002

2005

2008

2007

3.1 .2 .2

58

15

17

2005

2005

3 2 38

2008

Romanian Architecture

4.1 2 2

4 2 21

2005

Grid Iron

43 45

203

1999

Colonnaded

2008

2002

The orders

ching,1979,p306

59

7

18

2005

Medieval architecture

136

43

2 2 2

1970

1999

136 205

1970

2002

24 46

2008

2002

Renaissance Architecture

3 2 2

60 25

2008

11

1999

1438 Dela Francisca

238

46

2007

2002

218

43

1999

25

Vanishing points

245

2007

1970

V.P

2008

61

Islamic Architecture

28

2008

167

2002

4 2 2

31

149

2002

2008

62

196

2007

197

2007

8 2 50

205

2002

167

2002

63

Modernity Architecture

10

5 2 2

2002

13

1997

(Modular) 33

2008

66

2000

ORNAMENTS IS CRIME 282

2007

473

469 282

2007

1998

1998

FORM FOLLOW FUNCTION

64

482

1998

Post Modern Architecture

46

6 2 2

2005

84

2005

24

1997Jencks)

“Jencks”

40

46

71

2005

2005

1997Jencks)

65

(Darby)

160

213

2005

2002

284

2007

Contemporary Architecture

10 21

7 2 2

2002

2005 1900

1328

66

“Jencks”

121

48

289

1996

2005

2007

9 2 Salingaros /P 83

11 48

291

1996

2005

2007

121

1996

(Freud) 2005 162

13

1997 290

2007

‫‪67‬‬

‫‪1997‬‬

‫‪2005‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪161‬‬

‫‪2007‬‬

‫جدول(‪)3-2‬‬

‫‪294‬‬

68

3 2

1

2

3

4 5

6 7

8

9

1 0

69

3 2 Manifestations and Causes of Anarchism

1 3 2

2009

15

Wayne

19

250

1981

1985

2001

229

77

1998

1992

70

2009

17

2001

65

17

1997

(

1992

Louis kahn

16

1992

71

Mechanisms to Promote Anarchism

6

2 3 2

1997

The Complexity :‫ التعقيد‬1.2. 3 .2 chaos order and chaos 72

108

137 89

2003

2008

2003

2005

72

scale 75

The Contradiction

22 3 2

Robert Venturi

138

2008

27

138

2008

12

Venturi

14

2000

2000

2003

2007

73

56

2000

)Ching ,1979, P.339(

The Ambiguity

32 3 2

71 53

1998

1987

9

1997

Dynamics balance

74

1997

79

1997

42 3 2

74

9

30

2004

2000

65

45

2006

2004

Bohm 74

1985

12

The Differentiation

2007

52 3 2

75

74

2003

Fred Bassetti

18

1992

. . ".

"

Bordon

12

2005

The Contrast

62 3 2

Arnheim 1996/p125)

36

2000

76

‫والتضاد يتحقق بعدة طرق‬

. )Arnheim1996/p159)

62

The Techniques

14

72 3 2

2000

12

26 14

2005

1992

2000

The Heterogeneity

24

2000

82 3 2

2009

24

2005

11

2005

77

292

ching1979

scaling

33

5 2

76

2005

5 2

2006

78

79

: 1 3

116

:

1 4

117

:

preface

1 4

134

43

2000

2008

‫‪118‬‬

‫‪:‬‬

‫‪2000‬‬

‫سالنامة سليمانية‪، 1998‬وزارة الداخلية)‬

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‫‪2007‬‬ ‫‪2008‬‬

‫‪134‬‬

‫‪51‬‬

119

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2 4

1 2 Chaos Vocabulary

1 2 4

2 4

Visual Pollution Vocabulary

2 2 4

1 4





120

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121

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122

:

3 4

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1990

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127

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3

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2

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2

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Excel

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‫‪V‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

‫} ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺫﹾﻛﹸﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾ ﺇﹺﺫﹾ ﺟ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﹶﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹶﻔﹶﺎﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺃﹶﻛﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻷَﺭ‪‬ﺽﹺ ﺗ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺬﹸﻭﻥﹶ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻮﻟ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﹸﺼ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﺒ‪‬ﺎﻝﹶ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻮﺗ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎﺫﹾﻛﹸﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾ ﺁﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻﹶ‬ ‫ﺗ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺜﹶﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻷَﺭ‪‬ﺽﹺ ﻣ‪‬ﻔﹾﺴِﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪{ ‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪق اﷲ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‪ /‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪74 :‬‬

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‫‪:‬‬

‫سلبً (موضوع البحج)‬

‫اٌجابً‬

‫التلوث البصري‬

‫الفوضى‬

‫‪Recommendations‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

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‫‪IV‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﻫــــــﺩﺍﺀ‪.....‬‬

‫ﺃﻫﺩﻱ ﺜﻤﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺼﻰ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﺒﻲ‪.....‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﻋﺕ ﻟﻲ‪ .....‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﺭﻗﺏ ﻨﺠﺎﺤﻲ‪......‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ‬

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‫‪VI‬‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ 2011‬م‬ ‫‪[email protected]‬‬ ‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ ‪ /‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ‪  :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻗﺎدر اﻟﺸﺎﻃﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮف ‪ :‬أ‪ .‬د‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﯾﻮﺳــﻒ اﻟﻄـﯿﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﻬﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻯ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺒﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﺴﺱ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺜﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺽ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺭﻜﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤـﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻠـﻭﺙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺼـﺭﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟـﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻘﻭﺩﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ ﺘﺒـﻴﻥ ﻗﻠـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻜﺘل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﺍﻻﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻻﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴـﻭﻓﺭ ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤـﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻀﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻔﻬـﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀـﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﺤـﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﻠﻕ ﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻨﻤﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻭﻀﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﺴـﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻠـﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‪.‬‬

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III

.

I

2011

2011

‫‪II‬‬

‫شةم مصطفى قادر‬

‫‪2011‬‬

‫‪2011‬‬

‫‪2011‬‬

‫‪2011‬‬

‫‪2011‬‬

.1 .2 1986 .3 2007 .4 2005 .5 2005 .6

1985

.7 2002 .8 1991 .9 2003 .10 1966 .11 1998 .12 1985

.13 2002 .14

.1998

.15 2008

. .16

1998 .17 2001 1 .18 2000 .19 1984 .20 2001 .21 2006 .22 2005 1 .23 1974 .24 2008

.25 1،2002 .26 1996 .27 1996 .28

2009

.29

1972

.30

1999

.31 1986 1 1997

.32

1

.33 1978 .34 2006 .35 2004 .36 1978 1987

.37

118

.38 2000

‫‪.39‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬ ‫‪.40‬‬

‫‪1989‬‬

‫‪.41‬‬ ‫‪1969‬‬ ‫‪.42‬‬ ‫‪1974‬‬ ‫‪.43‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2007‬‬

‫‪.44‬‬ ‫‪2008‬‬ ‫‪.45‬‬ ‫‪1999 2‬‬ ‫‪.46‬‬ ‫‪1985‬‬ ‫‪.47‬‬

‫‪1988‬‬

‫‪.48‬‬ ‫‪1973‬‬ ‫‪.49‬‬ ‫‪2005‬‬ ‫( أثز الشبكت التيليماتيت في تغييز مفاهيم وأساليب التخطيط‬

‫‪.50‬‬ ‫للمذينت المعاصزة‬ ‫‪2004‬‬ ‫‪.51‬‬

‫‪1970‬‬

‫‪.52‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫‪.53‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫‪2008 5‬‬

‫‪.54‬‬ ‫‪1997‬‬ ‫‪.55‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1978‬‬

‫"التفضيل الجمالي‪ :‬دراست في سيكولوجيت التذوق الفني "؛ سلسلة‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪.56‬‬ ‫عالن المعرفة؛ العدد(‪)267‬؛ المجلس الوطني للثقافة والفنون واألدب؛ الكويت؛ ‪2001‬م‪.‬‬ ‫‪.57‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬ ‫‪.58‬‬

‫‪1980‬‬

‫‪.59‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬ ‫‪.60‬‬ ‫‪1410‬‬ ‫‪.61‬‬ ‫‪1974‬‬ ‫‪.62‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1997‬‬

‫‪.63‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1997‬‬

‫‪.64‬‬ ‫‪2005‬‬

‫‪.65‬‬ ‫‪2006 1‬‬ ‫‪.66‬‬

‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪.67‬‬ ‫‪1987‬‬ ‫‪.68‬‬ ‫‪1965‬‬ ‫‪.69‬‬ ‫‪1994‬‬ ‫‪.70‬‬ ‫‪1990‬‬ ‫‪.71‬‬ ‫‪2007‬‬ ‫‪.72‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬ ‫( ثيشبووني بينني و كاريطةري لةسةر رةفتاري كومةاليةتي)‬

‫‪.73‬‬

‫‪2008‬‬ ‫‪.74‬‬

‫‪1979‬‬

‫‪.75‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬

‫‪.76‬‬ ‫‪1998‬‬

‫‪190‬‬

‫‪.77‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬ ‫‪.78‬‬

‫‪2002‬‬

.79 1997 .80 2006 .81

1979

.82 2005 .83 2003 .84

1998 ‫ ساألنامةي‬-

2004 ‫ثةيوةندييةكان‬-‫باريزطاي سليماني‬-‫ وةزارةتي ناوخوي هةرميي كوردستان‬.85 .‫ز‬1999 -‫ سليماني‬-‫ضاثخانةي دلري‬-‫سليماني‬ .86 1988

1. Arnheim,Rudolf,'' The Split and the Structure '', University of California , Press California, 1996. 2. Arnheim,Rudolf,''The Dynamics of Architectural Form '', University of California Press, 1977 3. Asaac. Arc ;”Creating architectural theory “;, New York :Van Nostrand, 1987 4. Bohm,David and Peat,David,"Science Orde And Creativity" , London,Routledg,1987. 5. Bourance , J.R. and Ekstrand , R. , “ Psychology : Its Principles and Meanings “, (3rd) Ed. , Holt Richard and Winston , New York 1979 . 6. Broadbent, G., Design in Architecture, david Fulton publisher LTD G.B.,1988. 7. Ching , Francis D.K. “Architecture: Form , Space and Order”, Van Nostrand , Reinhold company , 1979.

8. Graves , Maitland,” The Art of Color and Design “, MC GRAW – Hill company , London 1951. 9. Harold Blum :"Perspectives in evolution". American scientist. october1955 10. Harold F.Blum :" Time,s arrow and evolution " princeton, N.J:Princeton university press 1962 11. Held, Richard and Whitman, Richards ;” Perception : Mechanisms and Models”;readings from Scientific American, op. cit. ,1972 .. 12. Hornby,A.S., Oxford advance learners dictionary of current English”, oxford university press, London,1986. 13. -Jencks,Charles , "Architecture Today" , Academy Edition , Lon. 1991 14. Joseph Wayne Global Anarchy in the Third Millenmium 15. Lang , J. ;” Perception : Mechanisms and Models”;readings from Scientific American, op. cit. ,1972 . 16. Lynch,Kevin “The image of the city”,M.I.T. press, Cambridge, Massachusetts,1960. 17. Rapoport,A.,”House form & Culture”.printice hall, London,1969. 18. Rives, Richar Too Long in The sun. Partakers pub. 1996 . 19. Salingaros, Nikoss A.,'' Architecture, Pattern and Mathematics '', University ofTexas at San Antonio, Nexus Network Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 75-85, 2001. http://www.nexusjournal.com/Salingaros.html , [email protected] 20. Tratter , R.J. , “ Psychology : The Human Science “ , Holt Rinehart and Winston , New York 1978 21. Venturi, Robert, Denise Scott Brown, and Steven Izenour. Learning from Las Vegas : The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977 22. WEBSTER’S New World DICTIONARY : Of The American Language ” , College Edition , Student Binding , The World Publishing Company , USA , 1966 23. Woods, lebbeus "Radical reconstruction" Princeton: Architectural Press, 1995

.1 1970 http://www.arabgeographers.net/vb/showthread.php?t=4584

.2 http://www.ansaq.net/vb/showthread.php?t=1286

2006 11 27 .3 1987 .4

12 2005

.5 2009 10 11 http://www.mobashernews.net/index.php?go=news&more=87985 .6 http://maaber.50megs.com/forth_issue/mythology_1.htm 2001 .7 http://maaber.50megs.com/seventh_issue/autoorganization.htm 2002 .8 http://maaber.50megs.com/fifth_issue/epistemology_1.htm 2003 .9

2002 217 http://www.rezgar.com/debat/show.art.asp?t=&aid=773

.10

2003 http://maaber.50megs.com/issue_december03/epistemology_1.htm

.11 2009

20 .12

1996

55 .13

2005 http://www.lebanesearmy.gov.lb/article.asp?ln=ar&id=8289

.14 2008 2003 http://www.majlesalommah.net/clt/searchnc.asp 2008 .15 2009 09 07 http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/articles-154091.html .16 2007 .17 2008 07 26 http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/articles-20080726-123769.html .18 2009 07 27

683 .19

12493

2008 11 18 http://www.alolaa.net/articles.php?action=show&id=117 .. .20 2008

– 12 1429

4

37 .21

2005

12

2005 .22 http://www.ofouq.com/today/modules.php?name= article&sid=2626 .23 2005

7

553 .24 2003