Agenda for Wed 8/21 1. Write down homework 2. Keep workbook pages. I will collect 1-3 and 1-4 tomorrow. 3. Put vocab flashcards at top of desk so I can check them. 4. Warm up: Answer questions on a half sheet of

paper. 3. Continue section 1-3 notes

Warm up: Answer questions on a half sheet of paper Write your name and date at the top

1. Why is Redi’s experiment on spontaneous generation considered a controlled experiment? 2. How is a scientific theory different from a theory that people talk about casually? 3. Living things share the following characteristics (list at least three): a. _____________________________________ b. _____________________________________ c. ______________________________________

Biology

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Characteristics of Living Things

What are some characteristics of living things?

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Characteristics of Living Things

Characteristics of Living Things No single characteristic is enough to describe a living thing. Some nonliving things share one or more traits with living things.

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Characteristics of Living Things

Living things share the following characteristics: • made up of units called cells • reproduce • based on a universal genetic code • grow and develop • obtain and use materials and energy • respond to their environment • maintain a stable internal environment • change over time Slide 7 of 45 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Characteristics of Living Things

Living things are made up of cells. A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can be considered alive.

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Characteristics of Living Things

Living things reproduce. In sexual reproduction, cells from two different parents unite to form the first cell of the new organism. In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring that are identical to itself. Example: Budding hydra,

Budding cactus

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Characteristics of Living Things

Living things grow and develop. During an organism’s development, cells differentiate, which means that the cells look different from one another and perform different functions.

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Characteristics of Living Things

Living things are based on a universal genetic code.

Organisms store the information they need to live, grow, and reproduce in a genetic code in a molecule called DNA. DNA and RNA are made up of one of the four molecules that make up all living things called nucleic acids.

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Characteristics of Living Things

Living things obtain materials and use energy. The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials is called metabolism.

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Agenda for Thurs 8/22 1. Write down homework 2. Hand in WS 1-3 and 1-4. 3. Warm up: Write down vocab. New flashcards due Monday.

3. Notes: Finish section 1-3, begin 1-4 4. SI Unit Conversion worksheet (finish at home) 5. Introduction to microscopes tomorrow!

Warm up: Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Metric system Microscope Compound light microscope Electron microscope Cell culture Cell fractionation

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Characteristics of Living Things

Living things respond to their environment. A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. • Plants growing towards light coming through a window. They also respond to gravity. • Male moths can sense female pheromones • Humans running away from predators.

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Characteristics of Living Things

Living things maintain a stable internal environment.

Although conditions outside an organism may change, conditions inside an organism tend to remain constant. Biological thermostat. This process is called homeostasis.

• Dogs panting (to cool down) • Humans sweat (to cool down)

• Lizards on rocks (to warm up) Slide 16 of 45 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Characteristics of Living Things

Taken as a group, livings things change over time.

Over many generations, groups of organisms typically evolve. How does this happen?

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Big Ideas in Biology

Big Ideas in Biology Science as a Way of Knowing Science is not just a list of “facts.”

The job of science is to use observations, questions, and experiments to explain the natural world.

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Big Ideas in Biology

Interdependence in Nature All forms of life on Earth are connected together into a biosphere, which literally means “living planet.”

The relationship between organisms and their environment depends on both the flow of energy and the cycling of matter.

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Big Ideas in Biology

Matter and Energy Life’s most basic requirements are matter that serves as nutrients to build body structure and energy to fuel the processes of life.

Matter ___________. Energy __________.

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Big Ideas in Biology

Cellular Basis of Life Organisms are composed of one or more cells, which are the smallest units that can be considered fully alive.

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Big Ideas in Biology

Information and Heredity Life’s processes are directed by information carried in a genetic code that is common, with minor variations, to every organism on Earth.

That information, carried in DNA, is copied and passed from parents to offspring. Information (DNA) can be copied exactly. This is called __________, or information (DNA) can be combined to create unique individuals. This is called______________. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Big Ideas in Biology

Unity and Diversity of Life All living things are fundamentally alike at the molecular level, even though life takes an almost unbelievable variety of forms.

There are only four primary molecules of life. Like Legos that have a limited number of types of pieces that make an almost infinite number of objects.

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Big Ideas in Biology

Evolution In biology, evolution, or the change in living things through time, explains inherited similarities as well as the diversity of life.

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Big Ideas in Biology

Structure and Function Structures evolve in ways that make particular functions possible, allowing organisms to adapt to a wide range of environments.

Comb edge of barn owl feather

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Big Ideas in Biology

Homeostasis An organism’s ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in the face of changing external conditions is vital to its survival.

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Big Ideas in Biology

Science, Technology, and Society Science seeks to provide useful information, but only a public that truly understands science and how it works can determine how that information should be applied.

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Branches of Biology

Branches of Biology There are many branches of biology. For example:

• Zoologists study animals. • Botanists study plants. • Paleontologists study ancient life.

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Branches of Biology

How can life be studied at different levels?

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Branches of Biology

Some of the levels at which life can be studied include:

• molecules • cells • organisms • populations of a single kind of organism • communities of different organisms in an area

• the biosphere Slide 30 of 45 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Branches of Biology

Molecules Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds

Water

DNA

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Branches of Biology

Cells Smallest functional unit of life

Nerve cell

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Branches of Biology

Groups of Cells Tissues, organs, and organ systems

Nervous tissue

Brain

Nervous system

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Branches of Biology

Organism Individual living thing

Bison Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Branches of Biology

Population Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area

Bison herd Slide 35 of 45 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Branches of Biology

Community Populations that live together in a defined area

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Slide 36 of 45 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Branches of Biology

Ecosystem Community and its nonliving surroundings

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Slide 37 of 45 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Branches of Biology

Biosphere The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems

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Branches of Biology

At all these levels, smaller living systems are found within larger systems.

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Biology in Everyday Life

Biology in Everyday Life More than any other area of study, biology touches your life every day.

Brainstorming Time!

Where do you see biology in your everyday life? Slide 40 of 45 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Biology in Everyday Life

Biology provides information about the food you need and the methods for sustaining the world’s food supplies. Biology describes the conditions of good health and the behaviors and diseases that can harm you.

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Biology in Everyday Life

Biology is used to diagnose and treat medical problems. Biology identifies environmental factors that might threaten you.

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Biology in Everyday Life

Biology helps you understand what affects the quality of your life. Biology provides decision makers with useful information and analytical skills needed to predict and affect the future of the planet.

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1-3

Click to Launch:

Continue to:

- or -

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1-3

An increase in size is known as a. growth. b. metabolism.

c. development. d. differentiation.

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? a. use of energy b. made of cells c. stable internal environment d. need for oxygen

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Which of the following are branches in the study of biology? a. cells, tissues, organs, and organisms b. botany, cell biology, ecology, and zoology c. populations, communities, and ecosystems d. the genetic code, evolution, and the biosphere

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The genetic code is carried in a. water. b. DNA.

c. proteins. d. soil.

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Which of the following shows the levels of organization in correct order from the simplest to the most complex? a. organisms, cells, populations, molecules, ecosystems b. ecosystems, populations, organisms, cells, molecules

c. molecules, cells, organisms, populations, ecosystems d. molecules, organisms, cells, populations, ecosystems Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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END OF SECTION