Prokaryotic Micro-organisms Bacteria and Archaea Characteristics o
All prokaryotes are single-celled organisms.
o
Prokaryotes have a rigid cell wall for protection
o o o o o
DNA is in the shape of a loop
Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission (splitting in two) Most abundant organisms on earth
10ml of soil can contain 1x1010 bacteria
Bacteria found in the deepest oceans and the highest levels of the atmosphere
o
Common Structures
o Pili – short hair-like extensions, these are used to attach to other cells o Flagellum – used to aid movement. Rotates like a propellor o Plasmid – small piece of DNA within cytoplasm o There is no membrane around “nucleoid”
1. Kingdom Archaea ·
Oldest group of organisms.
·
Live in inhospitable environments. Made up of 3 groups:
·
Halophiles – live in very salty environments like the Dead Sea. Methanogens – live in oxygen free environments like swamps and sewage plants.
Thermoacidophiles – live in extremely hot and acidic environments like volcanoes.
Ex. Some species live in temperatures over 100 degrees Celsius
2. Kingdom Bacteria ·
More successful than Archaea
·
Live in many different environments.
·
Include both beneficial and disease causing (pathogens) types.
Identification and Classification of Bacteria x
Bacteria can be classified based on 3 characteristics
1. Shape
a) Cocci (round) – singular coccus x
Monococcus
x
Streptococcus
x
Diplococcus
x
Staphylococcus
x
Ex. Streptoccus mutans – responsible for tooth decay
b) Bacilli (rod shaped) – singular bacillus x
Chains
x
Single
x
Pair
x
Ex. Clostridium botulinum – responsible for botulism/food poisoning
c) Spirilli (spiral shaped) – singular spirillum x
Ex. Treponema pallidum – responsible for syphilis
2. Structure of cell wall 3. Sources of food and energy Now what?? With notes and text (pages 108-111) answer questions #1-4, 7-8 on page 112.
Page 3 of 3. c) Spirilli (spiral shaped) â singular spirillum. x Ex. Treponema pallidum â responsible for syphilis. 2. Structure of cell wall. 3. Sources of food and energy. Now what?? With notes and text (pages 108-111) answer questions #1-4, 7-8 on page. 112. Page 3 of 3. Bacteria Note.pdf. Bacteria Note.pdf. Open. Extract.
You will identify and categorize different bacterial colonies based on. varied appearance and morphology (form and structure), When a single. bacterial cell is ...
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