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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

"BELLS'' ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

ss{]adn A[ym-]-I¿°p≈ ssI∏p-kvXIw Downlaod: mentorskerala.blogspot.com

Ub-‰v, CSp°n

2015 ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

1

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

tIm Hm¿Un-t\-t‰gvkv joe ]n., ko\n-b¿ eIvN-d-¿, Ub‰v CSp°n hn.-sI. km\p, ko\n-b¿ eIvN-d-¿, Ub‰v CSp°n

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uv, No^v FUn-‰¿ tPmkp-Ip´n tXmakv, {]n≥kn-∏mƒ Ub‰v CSp°n

AwK-ßƒ tUm. hn.-F≥. jmPn, ko\n-b¿ eIvN-d-¿ Ub‰v CSp°n {ioaXn F.-hn. tagvkn h¿Kokv, ko\n-b¿ eIvN-d-¿ Ub‰v CSp°n {io. Fw.-F. kp{_-“-Wy≥, ko\n-b¿ eIvN-d-¿ Ub‰v CSp°n {io. B¿.-sI. _n∂n, eIvN-d¿ Ub‰v CSp°n {io. hn. kXo-jvIp-am¿, eIvN-d¿ Ub‰v CSp°n

Ih¿ Unssk≥, teHu´v kn. {]n≥-kv, Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. h≠n-s]-cn-bm¿ aWn-em¬ ‰n.-F≥., Pn.-F-®v.-F-kv. ASn-amen

{]n‚nwKv ss^≥ Hm^vsk‰v {]kv, sXmSp-]pg

Ub‰v CSp°n {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv hnemkw: Ub‰v CSp-°n, sXmSp-]pg ]n.-H. t^m¨: 04862 26990

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

2

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

A[ym-]-I-tcmSv ss{]adn ¢mkp-I-fn¬ imkv{X-]-T\w \S-°p-∂Xv {]Ir-Xn-sb∂ hnim-e-amb ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ h®m-Wv. Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ kky-ßƒ, PohnIƒ, hmbp, aÆv, Pew F∂n-h-sb√mw Ip´nsb kw_-‘n®v Htc kabw ]T-\h - k - vXp-hmbpw XocmØ IuXp-Iß - f- p-sSbpw Pn⁄m-kb - p-sSbpw Iqºmc-ß-fp-am-Wv. Adn-hns‚ ]pXnb temI-tØbv°v IS-°m≥, ]cn-k-csØ Adn-bm≥, aÆn-t\bpw ac-ß-tf-bpw, Poh-Pm-e-ß-tfbpw kvt\ln-°m≥ Ip´nIsf ss{]adn ¢mkp-I-fn¬ Xs∂ {]m]vX-cm-°-Ww. CXn\v "sa®-s∏´ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-e-Iƒ' Pn√-bnse F√m kvIqfnepw Dd-∏m-t°≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\p-th≠n CSp°n Ub‰v t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-bmWv 'BELLS' - Better Environmental Lab for Learning Science Cu {]{Inb-bn¬ A[ym-]-Isc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Xøm-dm-°nb ssI∏p-kvXI-amWnXv. ss{]adn ¢mkp-I-fnse ]T-\m-¥-co-£-Ønepw, ]T-\-co-Xn-bnepw ImXemb am‰w krjvSn-°p-hm≥ klm-b-I-amw-hn[w Cu ]pkvX-IsØ A[ym]-I-kaqlw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂v Icp-X-s´. 2015 A¥m-cmjv{S aÆp-h¿j-am-Wv, A¥m-cmjv{S {]Imi h¿j-hpam-Wv. {]Ir-Xnsb Adn-bp-Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - ¿°m-bn, hmbn®mepw hmbn-®mepw XocmØ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ t\¿Im-gvN-I-fn-te°v a\hpw angnbpw Xpd- ° m≥ G‰hpw A\p- t bm- P y- a mb Cu h¿j- Ø n¬ Xs∂ 'BELLS' \nß-fpsS ssII-fn-te¬∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ°v kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. {]Xo-£-tbmsS hnizm-k-tØmsS CXp \nßsf G¬∏n-°p-∂p. kvt\l-]q¿∆w,

tPmkp-Ip´n tXmakv {]n≥kn-∏mƒ, Ub-‰v, CSp°n

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

3

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-eBapJw ]t©-{µn-bm-\p-`h - ß - f - n-eqsS {]{In-bm-ti-jn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ib - mWv bYm¿∞ imkv{X]-T\ e£y-sa∂ Xncn-®-dnhv \ap-°p-≠v. ss{]a-dn-X-e-Ønse imkv{X-]-T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn Ip´n°v Xs‚ ]cn-k-csØ At\z-jn-®-dn-bp-hm\pw imkv{Xo-b-[m-c-W-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-ap≈ Ah-kcw e`n-°Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta ]T\w k¿§m-fl-Ihpw Bkzm-Zy-I-c-hp-amb A\p-`-hambn amdq, Adn-hp-\n¿ΩWw \S-°q. ]cn-k-c-]-T-\-˛-im-kv{X-]-T-\-Øn¬ kvIqƒ]-cn-k-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ At\Iw Bi-bßƒ, ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ, at\m-`m-h-ßƒ F-∂nh Ip´n-Iƒ B¿÷n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn-\mbn \q-‰nA-dp-]-tXmfw k-ky-ßƒ \´pw \\®pw ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]co-£W \nco-£-W-ß-fn--eqsS ASp-Ø-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ kµ¿`-ßƒ Icn-°pew \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. ]qºm-‰-Iƒ, ]£n-Iƒ, sNdp-Po-hn-Iƒ Ch-bp-sS-sbms° khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw ]c-kv]-cm-{i-b-Xzhpw kq£va-hn-i-I-e-\Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°-Ww. CØcw t\c-\p-`-h-ßƒ, ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£Ww, ssPh sshhn-[ykw-c-£-Ww, amen-\y-\n¿am¿P-\w, Du¿÷-kw-c-£Ww XpSßn F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw ]¶mfn-bm-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ kz`m-hnImh-k-c-ßfpw krjvSn-°p-∂p. Cu t\´-ßƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°p \¬Im≥, t\cn-´p≈ \nco-£W ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ imkv{X-]T - \w {]mh¿Øn-Ia - m-°m≥ kb≥kv em_ns\°pdn-®p≈ \ΩpsS ]c-ºc - m-KX k¶¬∏ß-fn¬ \n∂v H∂p amdn-Nn-¥n-t°-≠n-h-cpw. AXm-bXv; kvIqƒ hf-∏p-Xs∂ Hcp imkv{X-]-co-£-W-im-e-bmbn amdp-∂p. ss{]adn ¢mkp-If - nse imkv{X-]T - \ - Ø - n-\m-hi - y-amb Poh-\p≈Xpw, C√m-ØX - p-amb F√m ]T-\-h-kvXp-°fpw AhnsS e`y-am-Ip-∂p. Fßs\ CØ-c-samcp ]co-£W-ime krjvSn-°mw. Cu hgn-°p≈ Hc-t\z-j-WamWv CSp°n Ub-‰ns‚ "imkv{X-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn sa®-s∏´ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime'

(BELLS - Better Environmental Lab for Learning Science) Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ 22 hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ 2014˛15 A°m-Z-anI h¿jw Xs∂ "]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-e-Iƒ' k÷o-I-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-hgn Ip´n-I-fpsS ]T-\t\-´-ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p∂p. 'BELLS' s‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Znim-t_m[w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p≈

ssI∏p-kvX-I-amWv "]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime'.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

4

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime F¥v ? H∂p-ap-X¬ 7 hsc ¢mkp-I-fnse imkv{X ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-a-b-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb F√m ]T-\-h-kvXp-°fpw ASp°pw Nn´-tbmSpw IqSn Hcp-°n-bn-´p≈ kvIqƒ ]cn-k-cw. Cu ]co£-Wi - m-eb - n¬ hnhn-[X - cw ]qs®-Sn-Iƒ, Huj-[k - k - y-ßƒ, ]®-°d - n-Iƒ, ^e-hr-£ß - ƒ, Nn{Xie` ]m¿°v, sNdp-Ip-f-ßƒ, ]£n-\n-co-£W kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ, amen-\y-kw-kvI-c-W, Pe-k-cw£-W, Du¿÷-kw-c-£W kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bh Hcp-°n-bn-´p-≠m-hpw. ag-am-]n-\nbpw kutcm¿÷ ]m\epw Im‰m-Sn-b-{¥hpw \ng¬L-Sn-Im-chpw Chn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Bh-iy-amb kµ¿`-ß-fn-sems° Cu ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßƒ btYjvSw D]-tbm-Kn°p∂Xn\v A[ym-]-I¿°pw Ip´n-Iƒ°pw I-gn-bpw. ^o¬Uv {Sn∏p-Iƒ kvIqƒ hf-∏n-tebv°p Xs∂-bm-sW-¶n¬ B kuIcyw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ \mw aSn ImWn-°n-√-t√m. Nn{X-i-e-`-ß-fpsS Pohn-X-N-{IsØ∏‰n-bpff A[ym-]n-I-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ XpSßn h°p∂ N¿®bpw \nco-£-Whpw ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-e-bnse Nn{X-i-e-`-]m¿°n¬ h®mIp-tºmƒ XpS¿\n-co-£-W-ßƒ kzbw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw ^e-ßƒ ]¶p-sh-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw e`n-°pw. s\√pw, tKmX-ºpw, D≈n-bpw, a√nbpw t{Km_m-Kn-se-¶nepw hnX-°p-Ibpw ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ AsXmtc kabw IuXpI ImgvNbpw ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T-\-hp-ambn amdp∂p. ]co-£Wime-bnse Im‰m-Sn-b{-¥-Øn¬ \n∂v _ƒ_v sXfn-bn°p∂ imkv{Xob amen-\y-\n¿Ωm¿÷\ kuI-cy-ßƒ Hcp-°p-Ibpw {]tbm-P-\s-- ∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂, kky-ßf - psS BIr-Xn-bnepw {]Ir-Xn-bnepw hf¿®bnepw D]-tbm-KØ - n-ep-ap≈ kq£vahy-Xym-k-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw \nK-a-\-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°m\pw Ign-bp∂ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Xo¿®bmbpw icn-bmb ]cn-ÿnXn Ah-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cmbn Xs∂ hf-cpw. At\z-jW IpXp-In-I-fmb Ah-cnse sIm®p-im-kv{X-⁄sc sXm´p-W¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw CØcw ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-eIƒ klm-b-I-am-Ipw. ]T-\-{]-iv\-ßƒ°v ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ At\z-j-W-ßƒ A[ym-]n-I-bpsS ssIØm--tßm-Sp-IqSn XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\pw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-hpw, A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-hp-amb kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v H‰t°m Iq´mtbm D≈ At\z-j-W-ßƒ°v kuI-cy-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ccp]-Øn-\mev aWn-°qdpw Cu em_v {]h¿Ø-\-k-÷-ambn Xpd-∂n-cn-°pw.

-]cnÿnXn]co-£-W-im-e-Iƒ F¥n-\v ? •

\nco-£W ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eqsS \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øp∂ imkv{Xob coXn kzmb-Ø-am-°p-∂Xn-\p≈ CS-amWv ]cn-ÿnXn em_p-Iƒ.

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Hmtcm Ip´n°pw ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏m-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb ]T\ hkvXp-°ƒ ]cn-k-c-Øp-Xs∂ e`y-am-°p-∂p.

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t\cn-´p≈ A\p-`hw e`yam°p-∂p.

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Ip´n-bpsS Pn⁄mk DW¿Øm≥, hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥, kq£va-am-°m≥

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At\zjn®v Is≠-Øm-\p≈ tijn e`n-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

5

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS •

Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]T\w Dd-∏m-°p-∂p.

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{]Ir-Xnsb kzbw ]Tn-°m\pw ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm--Ks∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-bp-∂p.

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XpS¿{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v (t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ, k¿Km-fl-I-c-N-\-Iƒ) D¬t{]-c-I-am-Ip-∂p.

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`mjm hnj-b-ß-fn¬ sa®-s∏´ `mj cq]-s∏-Sm≥ IY-Iƒ, Ihn-X-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°m≥.

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A[ym-]-I¿°v ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßƒ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬Xs∂ e`y-am-Ip-∂p.

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]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£W {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm Ip´nbpw ]¶m-fn-bm-Ip-∂p.

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]cn-ÿnXn ¢_v {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ A¿∞-]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime Fßs\ Hcp°mw? H∂p-ap-X¬ Ggph-sc-bp≈ ¢mkp-I-fnse Icn-°pew ]cn-tim-[n®v GsXms° kky-ßfpw ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßfpw Bh-iy-ap-s≠∂v Is≠-ØpI (\¬In-bn-´p≈ enÃpw D]-tbm-K-s∏Sp-Ømw) •

\ne-hn¬ kvIqfn-ep≈ ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßƒ, kky-ßƒ, a‰v kuI-cy-ßƒ Ch GsXms° F∂v enÃv sNøp-I. te_¬ sNøp-I.

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Hmtcm kvIqfpw Xß-fpsS hnZymebØnse ÿe-ku-Icyw IW-°n-se-SpØv X\-Xmb πm≥ Xøm-dm-°p-I.

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]pXn-b-Xmbn h®p-]n-Sn-∏n-t°≠ Huj-[-k-ky-ßƒ, ]®-°-dn-Iƒ, ]qs®-Sn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh _mKn-tem, Xdbntem πm≥ A\p-k-cn®v \-´p-h-f¿Øp-I. Hmtcm h¿jhpw \´p-]-cn-]m-en-t°≠h {]tXyIw enÃv sNbvXv Bh-iy-amb {Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ sNø-Ww.

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Bh-iy-amb a‰v kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn Xøm-dm-°-Ww. (Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v klmbIamb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ, Nne kvIqfp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°nb amXr-I-Ifpw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v)

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sNdp-Ip-fhpw Pe-Po-hn-Ifpw Pe-k-kyßfpw

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ie-`-]m¿°v

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]£n \nco-£W kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

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ag-∏-¥¬

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ag-am-]n\n

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ag-sh≈ kw`-cWn

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ap®´nb-cn∏

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Pe-tk-N-\-am¿K-ßƒ

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Pe-kw-c-£W am¿K-ßƒ

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aÆv kwc-£W am¿§-ßƒ

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\ng¬ LSn-Im-cw, \ng¬b{¥w

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InW¿ do®m¿Pv sNø¬

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kutcm¿P ]m\¬

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

6

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS •

A¥-co£ Dujvamhv Af-°¬

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Im‰n¬ \n∂v sshZypXn

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Im‰ns‚ Zni Adn-bm-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\w

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Im‰n¬ \n∂v sshZypXn

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Im‰ns‚ Zni Adn-bm-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w

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kutcm¿P ]m\¬

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amen\y kwkvI-cW πm‚ v, _tbm-Kymkv πm‚ v

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ItºmÃv Ipgn

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aÆnc ItºmÃv \n¿ΩmWw

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IoS-\n-b-{¥W am¿§-ßƒ

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ssPh IoS-\m-in\n \n¿amWw

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s\¬h-b¬ amXrI

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sshth-dnbw

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Hm¿°n-tU-dnbw

Bkq-{XWw sNøp-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ •

kvIqfnse ÿe kuIcyw t\m°n thWw em_v {Iao-I-cn-t°≠-Xv.

•

Ip´n-Iƒ°v kzX-{¥-ambn \S∂pw Ccp∂pw \nco-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

•

Db-c-Øn¬ hf-cp∂ ac-ßƒ em_ns‚ hi-ß-fn¬ hf¿ØWw.

•

F√m kky-ßƒ°pw kqcy-{]-Imiw e`y-am-°Ww.

•

XW¬ Bh-iy-amb kky-ßƒ AXm-Xp-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ \S-Ww.

•

Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-Nn-X-a-√mØ kky-ßfpsS t]cp-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-h-bv°-Ww.

•

ag- a m- ] n- \ n, \ng¬L- S n- I m- c w, kutcm¿÷- ] m- \ - e p- I ƒ Ch Xpd- k mb ÿe- ß - f n¬ Bbn-cn-°Ww.

•

kvIqfnse aen-\-Pew {]tbm-P\ -- -s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kwhn-[m\w Hcp°-Ww.

•

ag-sh≈ kw`-cWn _tbm-Kymkv πm‚ v XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ Bh-iy-amb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ \S-Ø-Ww.

•

\ne-hn-ep≈ kky-ßƒ \ne-\n-dp-Øp-hm≥ {i≤n-°-Ww.

•

s\√v, tKmXºv, tNmfw, Dcp-f-°n-g-ßv, Imc-‰v, _o‰vdq´v XpS-ßn-bh sNdnb tπm´p-I-fn¬ hf¿ØpI.

•

_tbm ssUth-gvkn‰n cPn-Ã¿ Xøm-dm-°Ww.

•

\in®p t]mIp∂ kky-ßƒ ho≠pw h®v ]nSn-∏n-°Ww.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

7

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]cn-N-c-Whpw kwc-£-Whpw kvIqƒ {]th-i-t\m-’hw Znhkw XpSßn am¿®v ap∏-sØm-∂n\v Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-X√ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-e-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ. Poh-\p-≈-h-bmWv ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xv F∂-Xn-\m¬ ap∂q-‰-d-]-Ø©p Znh-khpw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ {i≤bpw ]cn-N-c-Whpw th≠n-h-cpw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ c£n-Xm-°fpw A[ym-]-Icpw hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw am{X-ambn ]cnÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-e-bpsS kwc-£Ww Gs‰-Sp-°pI {ia-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. \So¬h--kvXp-°-fpsS tiJ-cWw, Pe-tk-N\ - w, ]T-t\m-]IcW-ßf - psS kvt]m¨k-dnwKv XpS-ßn-bh - s - bms° kvIqfn\p ]pd-Øp≈ kaq-l-Øns‚ klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-tØmsS sNøp-I-bmhpw \∂v. ]cn-ÿnXn ]co£-W-im-e-bpsS {]m[m-\yhpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym-`ymkw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂Xn¬ Ch-bv°p≈ ]¶pw F√m-h-tc-bpw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™m¬ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ffp∏-am-tb°mw. icn-bmb t_m[-h¬°-c-W-Øn-eqsS am{Xta Cu ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°m≥ Ignbq. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ, A[ym-]I - ¿, c£n-Xm-°ƒ, Xt±-ik - z-bw-`c - W ÿm]\ {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, sXm´Sp-Øp≈ hym]mc ÿm]-\ß - ƒ, hnhn-[¢ - ∫ - p-Iƒ, Ab¬hm-kn-Iƒ, kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v F∂nhcn-se√mw B Bi-b-ßƒ FØn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-e-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ta¬t\m-´hpw GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ Npa-X-ebpw ]cn-ÿnXn ¢∫v \n¿∆-ln-°-s´. AtXm-sSm∏w H∂p apX¬ 7 hsc-bp≈ ¢m nse Ip´n-I-f-S-ßp∂ {Kq∏p-Iƒ°v kky-ß-fpsS ]cn-N-c-W-Øn\pw kwc-£-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww. CsX√mw Xt‚-Xm-sW∂pw kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-sW∂pap≈ Hcp t_m[yw AXp-hgn krjvSn-°mw. am{X-a√ kq£va\ - n-co-£W - Ø - n\pw A\u-]N - m-cn-Ia - mb Bib kwhm-Z-ßƒ°pw Adn-hns‚ sImSp-°¬ hmß-ep-Iƒ°pw CX-h-kcw Hcp-°pw. ]T-\-Øn¬ ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p-∂-h¿°pw {]Xn-`-Iƒ°pw Hmtc-t]mse A\p-{K-l-am-Ipw. Icn-°pew \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ Bi-bß - ƒ hn\n-abw sNøp-tºmƒ Bh-iy-amb F√m kµ¿`ß-fnepw A[ym-]nI hn-Zym¿∞n-I-tfm-sSm∏w ]co-£-W-im-e-bn-se-Ø-Ww. ]T\ hkvXp-°sf D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. ^nkn-Ivknse sshZypX Im¥\n¿Ωm-Whpw sIan-kv{Sn-bnse aÆns‚ PH aqeyhpw Is≠-Øp∂ Hcp ]co-£-Whpw t]mse Hcp ]ocn-Un-\p-≈n¬ sNbvXv Xo¿°m-hp∂-b√ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-e-bnse ]e ]co-£-W-ßfpw \nco-£-W-ßfpw. ]T\w kz`mhn-I-ambn A\u-]-Nm-cnI kµ¿`-ß-fn-te°v \o≠p-t]m-Ipw. IrXy-amb \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬In kzbw-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p-I-bmWv A[ym-]nI sNtø-≠-Xv. Nne Bi-b-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ka-bØv \ap-°m-h-iy-amb sNSn-Iƒ e`y-amwhn√. DZm-l-c-Wam-bn, Imc‰pw Imt_-Pp-sams° \mw Irjn sNøp-∂Xv \hw-_¿, Unkw-_¿ amk-ß-fn-em-Wv. At∏mtg°pw _‘-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n®p Ign-™n-´p-≠m-Ipw. AØcw Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ Hcp ]cn-ÿnXn em_v kµ¿in®v ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏n-°m≥ A[ym-]n-I {i≤n-°-Ww. ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime Pm{KXtbmsS {]tbm-P-\-s∏SpØp-tºmƒ Dt]m-Xv∏-∂ß-fmbn

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

8

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS \nc-h[n IuXp-I-ap-W¿Øp∂ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ D≠mImw. tNmZy-ß-fpw kwi-b-ßfpw Db¿∂ph-cmw. Ahsbms° _p≈-‰n≥ t_m¿Un¬ CSw-]n-Sn-°-s´. a‰v XpS¿{]-h¿Ø\ km[y-X-Ifpw \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime Fßs\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØmw H∂mw ¢mknse Ip-´n-Iƒ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ cmhnse Cd-ßn-b-Xm-Wv. BZysØ {]h¿Ø\w sNSn-Isf Is≠--Ø-em-Wv. So®¿ sImSpØ Hcp ]´n-I-bp--ap≠≠v ssIøn¬. tNºv, tN\, It®m-ew, a™ƒ, I∏, Iymc-‰v, _o‰vdq-´v, aØ≥, Ipº-fw, sh≠ XpSßn C-cp-]-tXmfw sNSn-Iƒ. enÃnse sNSnIƒ Is≠Øn \nco-£n-®m¬ am{Xw t]mcm. Ah-bpsS hnfhv aÆn\v apI-fn-tem, Xmsgtbm F∂v \nco-£n-°-Ww. Duln®v Ign-bp-∂h A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøWw. Dul-h-hp-ambn Ip´nIfpw A[ym-]-Icpw ho≠pw HØp-Iq-Sn. ASpØ {]h¿Ø\w Dulw icntbm F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°-em-Wv. Nne-sXms° I≠v Xo¿®-s∏Sp-Øn. Iymc‰pw, It®m-e-hpw, a™-fp-sams° A[ym-]nI ]ngp-sX-Sp-Øp. Dulw icn-bm-b-h¿°v kt¥mjw. \memw ¢mknse Ip´n-Iƒ°pw CtX {]h¿Ø\w sNø-Ww. aq∂mw ¢mknse Ip´n-I-fm-Wn∂v ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬. Hmtcm kky-Øn-s‚bpw `£-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mK-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ {ian°p∂p. Ing-ßv, Ce, X≠v, ]qhv, Imbv F∂o `mK-ßƒ `£-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sNSn-Iƒ ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ Is≠-Øp-∂p, h¿§o-I-cn-°p-∂p. A©mw ¢mknse Ip´n-Iƒ°pw CtX Bi-b-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn°m\p-≠v. ASpØ Znhkw Ah¿ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co£W-im-e-bn-te°v! Ip-´n-Iƒ D≈n, C©n, a™ƒ, Iqh, I∏, Imcv‰v, _o‰vdq´v, a[p-c-°n-gßv F∂nh ]dn-®p-t\m-°p-∂p. aÆn\Snbn¬ ImWp∂ `mKØns‚ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ ]c-kv]-c-hhpw A[ym-]n-I-tbmSpw kwi-b-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p-∂p. kw`-c-W-th-cpIƒ, `qIm-WvU-ßƒ F∂o Bi-b-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂p. t\m°q Hmtcm sNSn-Iƒ°v F{X-am{Xw km[y-X-Iƒ. sNº-c-Øn, s\√v, tKmXºv Ch-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ t\m°q. H∂p apX¬ Ggp-hsc ¢mkp-If - nse ]cn-kc - ] - T - \ imkv{X-]T - \ Icn-°pew hni-Ie - \w sNbvXm¬ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øq. KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym-`ymk Ip´n-Iƒ°v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øq.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

9

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]qhns‚ LS\ `mK-ßƒ STD VI

aÆp-kw-c-£Ww ssPh-then

Ce-bpsS hn\ymkw

STD VII

STD VI

sNº-cØn

Ip‰n-s®-Sn-Iƒ

kqNIw

STD VII

STD VII

Huj-[n-Iƒ

GI-_oP ]-{X-kkyw

hnt]mS ^ew

s\√v, tKmXºv

\mcp-thcv ]Sew

{lkz-Im-e-hnf

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

10

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

XpS¿{]-h¿Ø-\-km-[y-XI-ƒ ss{]adn ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fnse bqWn‰pI-fnse XpS¿ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£W-ime D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØWw. DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ:-- ¢mkv 3 ]cn-k-c-]-T\w bqWn‰v 1. ]qØpw Xfn¿Øpw kvIqƒ ap‰sØ ac-ß-fnepw sNSn-I-fnepw Ah-bpsS t]sc-gp-Xnb t_m¿Uv ÿm]n-°p-I. bqWn‰v 7 h¿Æ-®n-d-Ip-Iƒ hoin hoin GXp sNSn-bnemWv IqSp-X¬ C\w Nn{X-i-e-`-ßƒ hcp-∂-sX∂v \nco-£n-°p-I. Ãmt‚¿Uv 5 imkv{Xw bqWn‰v 1 kky-tem-IsØ ASp-Ø-dnbmw XpS¿{]-h¿Ø\w: Np‰p-ap≈ sNSn-I-fn¬ kqcy-{]-Im-i-e-`yX°p th≠n Ce-Iƒ {Iao-I-cn-®ncn-°p∂ coXn-Iƒ \nco-£n®p a\- n-em°q 2. \nß-fpsS {]tZ-isØ Zp¿_e ImWvU kky-ßƒ°p≈ hnhn[ A\p-Iq-e-\-ßƒ \nco£n-°p-I. bqWn‰v 4 hnØn-\p-≈nse Poh≥ 1. 5 hyXykvX ]®-°dn hnØp-Iƒ F√m A\p-Iqe kml-N-cy-ßfpw \¬In apf-∏n-°p-I. F√m‰n-s‚bpw _oPm-¶p-c-W-k-abw Hcp-t]msebmtWm F∂v Is≠-Øp-I. 2. Iºp-Iƒ apdn®p \´pw hnØp-Iƒ apf-∏n®pw apcnß hf¿Øm-a-t√m. CXp-t]mse hyXy-kvXco-Xn-bn¬ ssXIƒ D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ GsX√m kky-ßƒ \nß-fpsS Np‰p-]mSpw Ds≠∂v \nco-£n®v Is≠-Øq. Kthj-W-Øn\v ]cnÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime kb≥kv ¢∫p-Iƒ°v eLp Kth-j-W-ßƒ \S-Øm≥ D]-tbm-Ks∏-Sp-Ømw. DZm: 1)

kvIqƒ ssPh sshhn[y cPn-Ã¿ Xøm-dm-°¬

2)

Imem-h-ÿ-°-\p-k-cn®v kky-ßƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ am‰-ßƒ

3)

ac--ßf - psS Nph-´ntebpw Xcn-ip-ÿe - t- Øbpw aÆns‚ LS-\, A¥-co£ Xm]-\n-e, aÆn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-Iƒ ˛ Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w

4)

XW-en¬ hf-cm-\n-jvS-s∏-Sp∂ sNSn-Ifpw \√ kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-ap≈ sNSn-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-ßƒ

5)

kky-ß-fpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\v Ddp-ºp-Iƒ°p≈ ]¶v

6)

a\p-jy-km-∂n-≤yhpw (sN-Sn-tbmSv kwkm-cn-°p-I, ]m´p-tIƒ∏n°p-I) sNSnbpsS hf¿®bpw XΩn¬ _‘w Dt≠m?

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

11

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

Std I - 7

]cn-k-c-]-T\ imkv{X]T\ bqWn-‰p-I-fn-eqsS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

12

n

n

hyXy-kvX\ - n-dw, hep-∏w, BIr- X n, aWw D≈ ]q°sf Xncn-®-dn-b¬. ]qt¥m-´-Øn¬ hcp∂ Pohn-Isf Xncn-®-dn-b¬.

\ap-°p-Np‰pw hnhn-[-Xcw kky- ß ƒ, ]q°ƒ, ]gßƒ F∂nh D≠v.

3. aWhpw a[p-chpw

4. Hcp-ab - psS BtLmjw

Ic- b n- s e- t ∏mse sh≈Ønepw Pohn-Iƒ D≠v

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

2. ag-tafw

n

n

n

n

n

\nco-£Ww Xmc-Xayw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p.

\nco-£Ww khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠Øp∂p

\nco-£Ww

n

n

\nco-£Ww Xmc-Xayw h¿§o-I-cWw

hyXykv X PohnIƒ°v hyXykv X coXn- b n- e p≈ ]m¿∏n-S-ßƒ D≠v

1. Xmc-bpsS hoSv n

{]{In-b-Iƒ

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

bqWn‰v

¢mkv 1 ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

\ap-°p-Np‰pw hnhn[ Xcw Xpº, Bº¬, ]n®-Iw, ]me, kky-ßƒ, ]q°ƒ, ]gsNº-c-Øn,sNØn, Ce™n ßƒ F∂nh Ds≠∂pw etc. Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. ]g-ßƒ t]c, amhv, πmhv, aƒ_-dn, Nmº BØ apX-em-bh

Ic-bnepw sh≈-Ønepw Pe-Ønepw Ic-bnepw PohnPohn-°p∂ Pohn-Isf Xncn- °p∂ Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ sN-dp-ao®-dn-bp∂p. \p-Iƒ, R≠v, Rhn-Wn, K∏n Bº¬, P-e-kkyßƒ

hyXykv X coXn- b n- e p≈ Ipfw \n¿ΩmWw, {]mhn≥IqSv ]m¿∏n-S-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp- ]£n-°q-Sp-Iƒ ∂p. sNSn-Iƒ \SpI acssØ \SpI

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

13

etc.

tNºv, tN\, Im®n¬, C©n, a™-ƒ, It®m-ew, C©n-amß, ae-bn-©n, I∏, Iymc-‰v, _o‰vdq-´v etc. aØ≥, Ipº-fw, sh≈-cn, sh≠, ]b¿, apcn-ß-°mb aÆn-\S- n-bn¬ hnf-hp-≠m-Ip∂Xpw aÆn-\p-ap-If - n¬ hnfhp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-amb kkyßsf Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. 7 \´p \\®v

n

n

aÆn-\S- n-bn¬ hnf-hp-≠m-Ip∂Xpw aÆn\p apI- f n¬ hnf- h p- ≠ m- I p- ∂ - X p- a mb kky-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-b¬

n

\nco-£Ww Xmc-Xayw h¿§o-I-cWw

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw ]T-\t\´-ßƒ {]{In-b-Iƒ hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ bqWn‰v

¢mkv 1

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

14

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

8. Ipw`-Øn¬ \´m¬

3. ]S¿∂v ]S¿∂v

kky-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mKßƒ `£-W-Øn-\mbn D]tbm-Kn-°mw.

Hmj- [ n- I ƒ, h≈n- s ®- S n- I ƒ, Ip‰ns®SnIƒ (hn-Øv, X≠v, Ce, thcv Ch \´p-≠m-°p∂ kky-ßsf Xn-cn-®d - n-bp-∂X - n-\v)

1. s]bvXn´pw t]mcmsX P e - k w - c - £ W Ø n s ‚ {]m[m\yw

bqWn‰v

n

n

n

n

n

n

\nco-£Ww h¿§o-I-cWw Xmc-Xayw

\nco-£Ww h¿§o-I-cWw Xmc-Xayw

Pe- k w- c - £ W coXnIfpw ip≤o-I-c-Whpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

ag-sh≈ kw`-cWn \n¿ΩmWw,ap®´n Acn∏, ag-∏-¥¬, \nco£Ww

ag-sh≈ kw`-cW - n, ag-∏¥ - ¬, ap®´n Acn- ∏ - b psS XXzw {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏SpØn Pe ip≤oI-cW am¿§-ßƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

kky-ß-fpsS hnhn[ `mK- hmg, apcn-ß, Noc, aØ≥, ßƒ \´v ]pXnb kky- tImfn- ^ v f - h ¿, I∏, tN\, ßƒ D≠m- I p∂p F∂ tNºv, Iymc-‰v, D≈n-∏qhv Xncn-®-dnhv

I∏, tImh¬, Icn-ºv, sNØn, sNº-c-Øn, apcn-ß, tdmk, K‘-cm-P≥ etc Ce Ceapf-®n, \nim-K‘n thcv Idnth-∏v, IS-πmhv

hnØv kky-ß-fpsS hnhn[ `mK- sh≠, ]b¿, ]mh¬, ]S-hßƒ \´v ]pXnb kky- ew, a√n, aØ, Ipº-fw, hgpßƒ D≠m- I p∂p F∂ X-\, X°m-fn, apfIv etc Xncn-®-dnhv X≠v

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 2

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

15

icoc hf¿®°pw Btcm-KyØn\pw sshhn- [ y- a p≈ Blm-c-km-[-\-ßƒ Bhiy-ap-≠v.

5. cpNn- t bmsS IcptØmsS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

1. ]qØpw Xfn¿Øpw

1. ]qØpw Xfn¿Øpw

hnØv apf- ° p- ∂ - X n\v hnhn[ LS-I-ßƒ D≠v.

hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ kkyßƒ Np‰p- ] m- S p- a p- s ≠∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. n aW- Ø nepw, \nd- Ø n- e pw, hep- ∏ - Ø nepw, BIr- X nbnepw ]q°fpw Ce- I fpw hyXy-kvXa - m-sW∂v Xncn-®d - nbp-∂p. n kky-Øn\v hnhn[ `mK-ßƒ Ds≠∂pw Chbv°v Hmtcm∂n\pw {]tXyI [¿Ω-ßƒ Ds≠∂pw hnhn-[-`m-K-ßƒ `£-WØ - n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p-s≠∂pw Xncn-®d- n-bp-∂p.

n

kky-ßƒ°v hyXykvX Xc- Ø n- e p≈ thcp- I ƒ D≠v

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

1. ]qØpw Xfn¿Øpw

bqWn‰v

\nco-£Ww h¿§o-I-cWw Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \nK-a\w

\nco-£Ww

]®-°-dn-Iƒ, CXc Ce-°-dn-Iƒ, amhv

Xmbv thcp≈ kky-ßsfbpw \mcp- t h- c p≈ kky-ß-sfbpw Xncn-®-dnbp-∂p.

n

n

n

n

hnØv apf-∏n-°¬ \nco-£Ww

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp∂p

\nK-a\w

kky- Ø n\v thcv, X≠v, ]qhv, Imbv F∂o `mK-ß-fp-s≠∂pw Ch Blm- c - Ø n- \ mbn D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. hnØv apf-bv°¬L-´ßƒ \nco-£n®v tcJ-s∏Sp-Øm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.

n

amß- b - ≠ n, tXß, ]b¿

sXßv, Xpº, sNº-c-Øn, ap√ πmhv, amhv, Xpf-kn, sNºcØn, ap√, ]mh¬ sNº-c-Øn, tdmkv, Xpº, ap√, sN≠p-a√n

Xmbv thcv Bh-iy-amb t]mj-I-ßƒ e`nπmhv , amhv , B™n-en,-tX°v °p-∂-Xn\v sshhn-[y-ap≈ `£\mcpthcv W- km-[\ - Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØW - cma® w, sXcph -∏p-√v, s\√v, sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p. tKmXºv , ]®° d n-Iƒ, CXc \√ Blm-ci - o-eß - ƒ \n¿t±-in°m\pw ]men-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p. Ce-°-dn-Iƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ kky- Np‰p- a p≈ kky- ß sf ßsf \nco-£n®v enÃv \nco-£n®v t]cp-Iƒ tcJs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. sNø¬ n aWw, \ndw, hen-∏w, n \nco-£Ww BIrXn F∂nh kkyn h¿§o-I-cWw ß- f n¬ hyXy- k v X - a msW∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂p. n A]-{K-Y\w

n

n

n

n

n

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 3

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

16

1. ]qØpw Xfn¿Øpw

bqWn‰v

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

4. ]qØpw Xfn¿Øpw

\ap°v Np‰p-ap≈ ]e kkyßfpw \in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. kky- ß ƒ kwc- £ n- t °≠Xv \ΩpsS IS-a-bm-Wv. kky-ßƒ \´p-h-f¿Ø-Ww.

kky-ßfpsS hnhn[ `mKßƒ \mw `£-W-Øn-\mbn D]- t bm- K n- ° p- ∂ p. (th- c v , X≠v, Ce, ]qhv, Imbv)

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

h¿§o-I-cWw

ssX\-S¬

n

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 3 ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

kky-ßƒ kwc-£n-t°≠-Xns‚ {]m[m\yw Xncn®- d n- b m\pw kwc- £ W {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm\pw Ign-bp-∂p.

\m´p-am-h,v Xpº, ap°p‰n

Ce tNºv, Noc, aØ≥, XI-c, Xgp-Xm-a, apcn-ß-, ssakq¿ Noc, kmºm¿ Noc, tNºv X≠v tN\, D≈n-Ø-≠v, hmg-∏n-≠n, Icnºv etc ]qhv hmg-, apcn-ß, aØ≥, tImfn^vf-h¿, sNº-cØn etc Imbv apcn-ß-, hmg, X°m-fn, aØ≥, I∏-fw etc

etc

Ingßv Hmtcm kky- Ø n- s ‚bpw I∏, a[p-c-°n-g-ßv, Iq¿°, `£- W - a mbn D]- t bm- K nDcp-f-°n-g-ßv, C©n, a™ƒ, °p∂ `mK-ßƒ Xncn-®-dnIqh, C©n-am-ß, It®mew bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

17

]q°-fpsS aWw, \ndw, hen∏w, BIrXn Ch hyXy-ÿam-bn-cn-°pw. aWw sIm≠v ]q°sf Xncn®-dn-bmw. Ce-I-fpsS BIrXn, aWw F∂n-h-b-dn™v kky-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-bmw.

sNdnb sNSn-Iƒ, h≈n-s®-SnIƒ, ac-ßƒ XpSßn hnhn[- X - c - Ø n- e p≈ kky- ß fmWv \ap°p Np‰p-ap-≈-Xv.

1. ]qØpw Xfn¿Øpw

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

1. ]qØpw Xfn¿Øpw

bqWn‰v

n

n

n

\nco-£Ww h¿§o-I-cWw

h¿§o-I-cWw

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 3 ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ kkyßsf \nco- £ n®v {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Is≠Øp-∂p. t]cp-Iƒ enÃv sNøp-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

]mh¬, tImh¬, ]b-dv, aØ≥, Ipº-fw, ]o®n¬, ]S-hew etc.

Cg-h≈nIƒ

sImt°m, sNØn, sNºc-Øn, tdmk etc.

Ip‰n-s®-Sn-Iƒ

πmhv , amhv , B™n- e n, tX°v, _Zmw etc.

ac-ßƒ

hyXykv X coXn- b n- e p≈ Pa-¥n, ap√, sNØn, sNºsNSn-I-tf-bpw, ]q°-tfbpw c- Ø n, tdmk, sNº- I w, Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v t_mƒknbw, s_mK-bn≥ hn√, tImfm-ºn, Im°-∏q-hv, \¥ym¿h-´w, cmP-a√n etc.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

18

bqWn‰v 3 Pew Pohm-arXw

bqWn‰v

{]{In-b-Iƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

]qºm-‰-I-fpsS FÆw Ipd™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p ]qºm-‰I - ƒ kwc-£n-°s - ∏-tS≠-h-bmWv

7. h¿Æ-®n-dI - p-Iƒ hoin- {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \nc-h[n Nn{Xi-e-`-ßƒ D≠v. hoin hyXykvX t]cp-I-fn¬ Adnb- s ∏- S p∂ Nn{X- i - e - ` - ß ƒ D≠v. \nco-£Ww h¿§o-I-cWw

Nn{X- i - e ` ]m¿°v \n¿ΩmWw

n

n

Pew ip≤o- I - c n- ° p∂Xn\v ap®´n Acn∏ \n¿ΩmWw \nc-h[n am¿§-ß-fp≠v

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

Nn{X-i-e-`-ßsf kwc£n-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm≥ Ignbp-∂p.

hnhn[bn\w Nn{X-i-e-`ßƒ, ie- ` - ß - f psS Blm-c-Øn\p≈ kky-ßƒ, cq]m-¥-cW-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb kky-ßƒ (hn-i-Z-amb hnh-c-ßƒ t]Pv \º¿...)

aen-\-P-esØ ip≤o-I-cn°m≥ ap®´n Acn-∏-bpsS XXzw D]- t bm- K n®p \n¿Ωn® kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

Pewip≤o-I-cn °p∂Xn\p≈ Nne am¿§-ßƒ \n¿t±-in°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p. \ap- ° p- N p‰pw hnhn[ Xcw Nn{X- i - e - ` - ß ƒ Ds≠∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. Xs‚ {]tZ- i sØ GXm\w Nn{X-i-e-`-ßfpsS t]cp-Iƒ ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

19

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

IpSn- s h≈w aen- \ - a m- I p∂ kml-N-cy-ßƒ D≠v

]£n \nco-£Ww

Imem-hÿm \nco-£Ww ag-am-]n\n \n¿ΩmWw (Im-em-hÿm \nco-£Ww)

3. IpSn-\o¿ sXfn-\o¿

4. Xn∂pw Xo\mbpw

2. Im‰pw ISepw

2. Im‰pw ISepw

A¥-co£ Dujvamhv Af°¬

1. Ip∂n- d ßn hb- e n- ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bn°v tZmj-I-camb coXn- b n¬ a\p- j y≥ te°v {]Ir-Xnsb \in-∏n-°p-∂p.

bqWn‰v

hb¬ \n¿ΩmWw Ipfw \n¿ΩmWw

Poe-Pm-e-ß-fpsS Bhmk hyhÿ kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS≠-Xp-≠v.

Pe-kw-c£ - W - Ø - ns‚ Bhiy-IX a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

]£n-I-fpsS Blm-c-co-XnIƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

\nco-£Ww

Im‰m-Sn, ag-am-]n\n

[m\y-ßƒ, ]g-ßƒ, IpSnsh-≈w, ]m{Xw

Pew ip≤o-Ic - n-°p-∂X - ns‚ aW¬, Icn, Nc¬, XpWn (apBh-iy-IX a\- n-em-°p- ®´n Acn∏ \n¿Ωm-Ww) ∂-Xn\v

sX¿tΩm-ao-‰¿ (em-_v)

ag-sh≈ kw`-cWn \n¿ΩmWw

Im‰ns‚ thKX a\- n-em- Im‰ns‚ thKX a\- n-em°p-∂p. (Im-‰m-Sn-b-{¥w) °p-∂p. ag-am-]n\n \n¿Ωn°p-∂p. ag-am-]n\n \n¿ΩmWw

n

n

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

Poe- P m- e - ß - f psS hmk- s\√v, sNfn (h-b¬ \n¿Ωmÿew kwc-£n-°s - ∏-SWw Ww) ]SpX

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

hnZym-eb - Ø - n\v AIØpw hnhn[ ÿe- ß - f nse ]pdØpw ac-Ø-W-en-ep- A¥- c o£ Dujvamhv ap≈ Dujvam- h ns‚ hyXy-ÿ-am-Wv. hyXymkw Is≠-Øp-∂p.

n

n

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 4

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

20

`£-W-Øn-\mbn Pohn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw B{i-bn-°p∂p

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

10. kky-tem-I-tØbv°v hnhn[ C\w kky-ßsf a\ n- e m- ° p- ∂ - X n\v (Hm- j - [ nIƒ, Ip‰ns®SnIƒ, h≥a-cßƒ)

9. Xn∂pw Xo\mbpw

bqWn‰v

hnØp hnX-cWw \S-°p-∂Xv hyXykvX coXn-bn-emWv

10. kky temI-tØ°v

10. kky temI-tØ°v

hnØp hnX-cWw \S-°p-∂Xv hyXykvX coXn-bn-emWv

11. aÆn¬ s]m∂p-hn-f- {lkz-Ime hnf-Ifpw Zo¿LIme hnf-Ifpw a\- n-em-°pbn®v ∂-Xn\v

tX≥ \pI-cm≥ ie-`-ßƒ ]q°sf B{i-bn-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

9. Xn∂pw Xo\mbpw

n

n

n

n

n

n

\nco-£Ww

\nco-£Ww

\nco-£Ww

]b-dv, Noc, sXßv, tN\, hmg, πmhv, amhv, PmXn, _o≥kv, Imt_-Pv, Imc-‰v, tImh¬, ]S-hew etc

sh-≠, ]b-dv, apcn-ß, sXm´mhm-Sn, ISp-Iv, Dgp-∂v, Iip-am-hv, πmhv , amhv , A∏q- ∏ ≥Xm- S n, alm- K - W n, ]™n, sXßv , A∏q-∏≥XmSn etc hnØp- h n- X - c - W - Ø ns‚ hyXykvXcoXn a\- n-em°p-∂p. (Im-‰v, Pew, P¥p°ƒ)

sh-≠, ]b-dv, apcn-ß, sXm´mhm-Sn, ISp-Iv, Dgp-∂v, Iip-am-hv, πmhv , amhv , A∏q- ∏ ≥Xm- S n, alm- K - W n, ]™n, sXßv , A∏q-∏≥XmSn etc

]q°-fp-≠m-Ip∂ hnhn-[Xcw sNSn-Iƒ ]qt¥m-´Øn¬ \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ a\- n-em°p-∂p. hnhn[ hnf-I-fpsS Ime-ssZ¿Lyw a\- n-em°p-∂p.

hnØp- h n- X - c - W - Ø ns‚ hyXykvXcoXn a\- n-em°p-∂p. (Im-‰v, Pew, P¥p°ƒ)

kky-ß-fDw P¥p-°fpw ]c- k v]cw `£- W - Ø n\mbn B{i-bn-°p-∂p.

\nco-£Ww

\mep- a - W ns®Sn, ajnØ≠v sNSn, Icn- º v, tdmkm, sh≠, t_mƒknbw etc

kky- ß - f psS Pohn- X ssZ¿Lyhpw hen∏ hyXymkhpw Xncn-®d - n-bp-∂p.

\nco-£Ww

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

Blm- c - _ ‘w a\- n- Ipfw \n¿ΩmWw (R-hn-Wn, em°p∂p ao≥, Xh-f, K∏n, R≠v etc)

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

\nco-£Ww

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 4

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

21

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

11. aÆn¬ s]m∂p-hn-f- {lkz-Ime hnf-Ifpw Zo¿LIme hnf-Ifpw a\- n-em-°pbn®v ∂-Xn\v

bqWn‰v

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

13. Bizm-k-taImw c£- NnIn-’-bn¬ Huj-[-k-kyßƒ°p≈ {]m[m\yw a\s∏-SpØmw n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

12. amen-\ysØ am‰n-sb- amen-\y-ßƒ hnhn[ coXnSp°mw bn¬ kwkv°-cn°mw

n

n

n

n

n

hnh-c-ti-J-cWw

Xcw-Xn-cn-°¬ ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ Ipdn∏v

\nco-£Ww

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 4

]b-dv, Noc, sXßv, tN\, hmg, πmhv, amhv, PmXn, _o≥kv, Imt_-Pv, Imc-‰v, tImh¬, ]S-hew etc

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

\ap°v Np‰p-ap≈ Huj[ kky-ßƒ Xncn-®d - n-bp-∂p.

Xpf-kn, BS-tem-S-Iw, Bcyth-∏v, Idn-th-∏v, ]\n-°q¿°, Iogm¿s\-√n, ap°p-‰n, C©n, It®mew etc

sdIvkn≥, t]mfo-Ã-¿, XpWn, sdIvkn≥, sX¿tΩmt°mƒ etc

]p\:N{I-aWw km[n-°mØXv

]n.-hn.-kn. ss]∏v, Sb¿, Syq_v, πmÃn°v t_m´n-epIƒ, ]m´, Ip∏n, Ccpºv etc

]p\:N{I-aWw km[n-°p-∂Xv

n ssPh amen-\y-ßƒ ssPh amen-\y-ß-sfbpw n AssPh amen-\y-ßƒ AssPh amen- \ y- ß ssPh amen-\y-ßƒ sfbpw Xncn-®-dn™v Xcw ]gw, ]®- ° - d n, a’yw, Xncn-°p∂p. amwkyw, [m\y-ßƒ, N∏p-Nh-dp-Iƒ etc AssPh amen-\y-ßƒ

Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ a\- n-em°p-∂p. hnhn[ hnf-I-fpsS Ime-ssZ¿Lyw a\- n-em°p-∂p.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

22

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ N¿® Ah-X-cWw

F∏o-ss^-‰p-Iƒ hfcp- ∂ Xv BXn- t Yb kkysØ tZmj-Ic - ambn _m[n-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime thcp-I-fpsS [¿Ωw, sshhn[yw F∂nh Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

\nco-£Ww

Cg- h - ≈ n- I ƒ, Xmßp- t h- c pIƒ, s]mbv°m¬ thcp-Iƒ, A\p-Iq-e-\-ßƒ

Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, ]S-h-ew, ]mh¬, aØ≥, a[p-c-°n-g-ßv, tat¥m∂n, sImS-ß¬, kvt{Sm_-dn, t]c, B‰p-ssI-X, aWn-πm‚,v ap¥n-cn, tImh¬.v

ac-hmg, CØnƒ°-Æn, aqSn√m-Øm-fn, d^vtfjy, Nµ\w

sNº-cØ - n, Xpº, Im∏n, Ggnew-]m-e, Acfn

aq∂p hyXykvX coXn-bnep≈ Ce- h n- \ ymkw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

Hm¿°n- t U- d nbw \n¿ΩmWw \nco-£Ww

sh‰n- e , tNºv, sNØn, Nph∂ Noc, t{Im´¨ sNSn, kqcy-Im¥n {]Im-i-kw-t«-jWw Xncn®-dn-bp-∂p.

Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, C©n, {Kmºq, a™ƒ, Gew, Idn- t h- ∏ v , BS- t em- S - I w, ]\n- I q¿°, Bcy-th-∏v, sXm´m-hmSn, Ipdpt¥m´n

Blm-c-Øn\p am{X-a√ kpK‘hyRvP-\ ßƒ°pw Huj- [ ßƒ°pw kky- ß sf D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

A¿[ ]cm- Z - ß ƒ, ]q¿W ]cm-Z-ßƒ

\nco-£Ww hni-I-e\w

ac-®o\n, Imt_-Pv, Imc-‰v, _o‰vdq´v, a[p-c° - n-gß - v, dmUn-jv, Icn-ºv, tN\, tNºv, hmg Noc, aØ≥, a√n, s\√v, tKmX-ºv, tNmfw, _m¿en, HmSvkv, Ipº-fw, ]S-hew, tImfn-^vf-h¿

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

kky-ß-fpsS hnhn-[-`m-Kßƒ `£-WØ - n-\mbn D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

hnhn[ kky-ßsf \nco-£n-°p-∂p.

n

n

]´n-IXøm-dm-°¬ kky-\n-co-£Ww ^o¬Uv{Sn∏v Huj-[-tØm´ \n¿ΩmWw

n

n

n

{]{In-b-Iƒ

kky-ßfn¬ hyXy-kvXc - o-Xnbn- e p≈ Ce- h n- \ ymkw ImWmw.

kky-ßf - n¬ hmX-Ih - n-\n-abw \S-°p-∂Xv Bky-c-{‘-ß-fneq-sS-bmWv lcn-XIw

kky-ßfn¬ \n∂pw Huj[-ßfpw kpK-‘-hy-RvP-\ßfpw e`n-°p-∂p.

1. kky- ß ƒ ASp- Ø - kky-ß-fpsS thcv, X≠v, dnbmw Ce, ]qhv, Imb F∂o `mKßƒ Blm-c-Øn-\mbn D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

bqWn‰v

¢mkv 5

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

23

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

4. hnØn- \ p- ≈ nse Poh≥

4. hnØn-\p-≈nse Poh≥

2. Poh-Pew

bqWn‰v

kky- ß - f psS hnhn- [ - ` m- K ßƒ, {]P-\-\-Øn-\mbn D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

hnØp- h n- X - c - W - Ø n- \ p≈ A\p-Iq-e-\-ßƒ

Pew Aaq- e y- a m- W v . AXv kwc-£n-°-Ww. hnhn[ Pekw-c£ - W - a - m¿§-ßƒ. `qan-°Sn- b n¬ Pe- Ø ns‚ Afhv ]cn-an-X-am-Wv.

kky-tem-IsØ sshhn[yw

kw`-cW thcp-Iƒ, `qIm-WvU-ßƒ

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

\nco-£Ww

\nco-£Ww

t{]mPIvSv

]©m-bØv Hm^o-knse ssPh sshhn[y cPn-Ã¿ ]cn-tim-[n®v kky-ßsf \nco-£n-°p∂p. ]Sp-Xm-°pf \n¿ΩmWw, InW¿, do®m¿Pv sNø¬

n

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 5 ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

hnhn[ ImbnI `mK-ßfn- e qsS {]P- \ \w \SØm≥ Ign-bp∂ kkyßsf ]´n- I - s ∏- S p- Ø p∂p.

PhnØp-hn-X-cW-Øns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw hnX-cW coXn- I fpw AXn- \ p≈ A\p-Iq-e\ - ß - fpw Xncn-®dn™v I≠v hni-Zo-I-cn°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

kky sshhn- [ y- Ø ns‚ {]m[m\yw Xncn- ® - d n™v kwc- £ W am¿§- ß ƒ \n¿t±-in-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p. Pe- k w- c - £ W am¿§ßƒ \n¿t±- i n- ° m\pw {]mh¿Øn- I - a m- ° m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.

ag-°p-gn, Iøm-e, Iøm-e-Ø´p- I ƒ, XS- ß ƒ, ag- s h≈ kw`-c-Wn, InW¿, ]Sp-Xm°pfw (kn¬t]m-fn≥, Pe-kw`-c-Wn) A∏q- ∏ ≥Xm- S n, alm- K - W n, B¬, πmhv, t]c, Akv{X-]p√v, sh≠, Imin- Ø p- º , AØn kvt\l-]p√v (Du¿∏w) ]™n-°mb (D-∂-a-cw) s\√v, a√n, Imin-Øp-º, hgpX-\, \¥ym¿h-´w, a[p-c° - n-gßv, sNº-cØ - n, ac-®o-\n, ap√, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, apcn-ß, Ce-ap®n,\nim- K - ‘ n, \ne- ∏ - \ , _ntKm- W n- b , Idn- t h- ∏ v , Nµ\w

kky-ssh-hn[yw

`qIm-WvU-ßƒ, kw`-cW I∏, Imc-‰v, _o‰vdq-´v, Iq¿°, thcp-Iƒ, F∂nh a\- n- a[p-c-°n-g-ßv, Iqh, C©n, em-°p-∂p. a™ƒ, iXm-h-cn, D≈n.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

24

Du¿÷ Bh- i y- ß ƒ°v ]mc- º - t cy- X c Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Isf ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

5. Du¿÷-Øns‚ Ddh-Iƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

10. P¥p-hn-ti-j-ßƒ

P¥p-hn-tijw

P¥p-hn-tijw

8. AI‰n \n¿Ømw tcmK-ßsf

]q¿Wcq-]m-¥-cWw, A]q¿W cq]m-¥cWw

ssPh-ssh-hn[y kwc-£Ww

{]mWn-Iƒ, a’y-ßƒ, D`-bPo-hn-Iƒ, Dc-K-ßƒ, ]£nIƒ

kmaq-lnI ipNnXzw

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

bqWn‰v

]co-£Ww \nco-£Ww N¿®

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

]mc- º - t cy- X c Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Isf Xncn-®d - n-bp- kutcm¿÷ ]m\¬, Im‰m-Snhm\pw kwc-£n-°p-hm\pw b-{¥w, _tbm-Kymkv πm‚ v. Ign-bp-∂p.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Feeding Plant, Breeding Plant \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°¬

]£n-\n-co-£Ww ]cn-k-c-\n-co-£Ww

cq]m- ¥ - c Ww F∂ Bibw DZm- l - c W klnXw hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

ie-t`m-Zym\w, aƒ_-dn, Bhiy-amb sNSn-Iƒ

ap´- b n- S p∂ Pohn- I sf Ipfw, ]£n- I ƒ°p≈ {]mWn-Iƒ, a’y-ßƒ, Dc- Blmcw sh≈w, IqSv K- ß ƒ, D`- b - P o- h n- I ƒ, ]£n- I ƒ F∂n- ß s\ h¿Ko-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p. F√m Pohn- h ¿K- ß fpw kwc- £ n- ° - s ∏- t S- ≠ - X ms s P h - s s h - h n [ y sW∂ Bibw Xncn- ® - ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime cPn-Ã¿ Xøm-dm-°¬ dn™v {]Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ CSs]-S¬ {i≤m-]q¿∆-am-°pIbpw ]cn- ÿ nXn kwc£Ww {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

]cn- k - c - i p- N o- I - c W ipNnXzw ]men-°m≥ Ign- amen-\y-kw-kvI-cW km[y-X-Iƒ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ bp-∂p.

n

n

n

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 5

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

25

1. hnØn-\-I-sØm-fn®o Rm≥

bqWn‰v

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

1. hnØn- \ - I - s Ømfn®m Rm≥

1. hnØn-\I - s - Øm-fn®o Rm≥

1. hnØn-\I - s - Øm-fn®o Rm≥

kky- ß ƒ°v D]- I m- c nIfpw D]-{Z-h-Im-cnIfpamb IoS-ß-fp≠v h¿§o-I-cWw \nco-£Ww Xma-Xayw \nK-a\w

hnØv apf-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ßƒ hnØv apf- b v ° p- ∂ - X ns‚ hnhn[ L´-ßƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

an{X IoS-ßs - fbpw i{Xp IoS- ß - s fbpw th¿Xncn®v a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿn-Xn-em_v i{Xp IoSw -˛- Nm-gn, aØ≥ ]p-gp, Xpc-∏≥ ]pgp, Ce-]p-gp, Hme- N pcp´n ]p- g p, Imbo® sImº≥ sN√n etc an{XIoSw -˛- Cºn, Nohn-Sv, n bm{¥nI IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww ]p¬®m-Sn, Nne-¥n, Xd-h-≠v, n ssPhnI IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww ]®-®m-gn etc n cmknI IoS-\n-b{- ¥Ww ssPh-Io-S-\m-in\n -˛ -]pI-bnCh a\- n-em-°p∂p e- I - j m- b w, shfp- Ø p- ≈ n an{in-Xw, th∏n≥IpcpkØv, ths∏Æ Fa¬j≥ etc.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

hyXykvX kml-N-cy-ßfn¬ hnØp-Iƒ apf-∏n®v L´- ß ƒ \nco- £ n- ° p∂p. Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°≥

hnhn[ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ IS- e - h nØv , ]b¿, aØ≥, apf- b v°p∂ hnØns‚ Ipºfw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ a\- n-em°p-∂p. L´-ßƒ \nco-£n®-dn-bp-∂p.

B‰p- s sI- X , I≠¬s®Sn B¬a-cw, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, sh‰ne

- psS A\p- aØ≥, ]S- h - e w, tImh¬, ]cn- k c \nco- £ - W w, hnhn[ kky-ßf Nn{X-\n-co-£W - w, Xcw-Xn- Iq- e - \ - ß ƒ \nco- £ n®v ]mh¬, ap¥n- c n, ]b¿, Xcw-Xn-cn-°p-∂p. \nK-a\w Im®n¬ etc. cn-°¬, cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

ssPh IoS-\m-in\n \n¿ΩmWw

n

n

n

n

{]{In-b-Iƒ

Xmßp-th-cp-Iƒ, ]Se thcp- ]cn-k-c-\n-co-£Ww Iƒ Xp-S-ßnbh Nne kkyß-fpsS A\p-Iq-e\ - ß - f - m-Wv.

Xmßp-I-fn¬ Ibdn hf-cp∂ kky-ßfpw \neØv ]S¿∂v hf-cp∂ kky-ßfpw D≠v. Hmtcm∂n\pw A\p-tbm-Pyamb A\p-Iq-e-\-ßƒ D≠v.

ssPh-Io-S-\m-in\n Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p

b cmk-Io-S-\m-in-\n

am¿§-ßƒ D≠v (Po-hn-Iƒ)

a hyXykvX IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-

n

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

¢mkv 6

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

26

2. ico-c-Ønse 0Ip™-d-Iƒ

bqWn‰v

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

8. ]qØpw Imbv®pw

8. ]qØpw Imbv®pw

8. ]qØpw Imbv®pw

8. ]qØpw Imbv®pw

]qhns‚ hnhn[ `mKßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. lm≥Uv se≥kn-eqsS \nco-£n-°p-∂p.

]qhn\v hnhn[ `mK- ß ƒ D≠v . Hmtcm `mK- Ø n\pw hnhn[ [¿Ω-ßƒ D≠v.

]qhns‚ hnhn[ `mKßƒ Ah-bpsS [¿Ωßƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

sNº-cØn

tNºn-e, IΩyq-WnÃv ]®, sh‰n-e, ajn-Ø-≠v, ]mh¬, tImh¬

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

hnhn[ ]pjv]- ß ƒ GI- e nwK ]pjv]- ß ƒ aØ≥, Ipº-fw, sh≈-cn, ]SGI- e nwK ]pjv]- ß ƒ, lm≥Uv se≥kneqsS ZznenwK ]pjv]-ßƒ F∂n- h- e w, a√n, a√n- I , sXßv , ZznenwK ]pjv]-ßƒ \nco-£n®v ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øp- h- b psS {]tXy- I - X - I ƒ PmXn, ]n®-Iw, aµmcw etc. Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. ∂p. amß, ap¥n- c n, X°m- f n, eLp-^ew aØ≥, hgp- X - \ , ]mh¬, sh≠, Imin-Øp-º, apcn-°v, amwk-f-^ew ^e-ßsf Xncn-®-dn™v d∫¿, ]p∂-°m-bv, DΩw, s\√v, \nco-£Ww ipjvI-^ew hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign- Iip-h-≠n, ]b¿, Xgp-Xm-a, kvt]mSy^ew \mep-a-Wn-∏q, Noc, -P-a¥n, bp∂p thß, N°, ssIX- ® - ° , hnt]m-S-^ew aƒ_-dn, a™-Wm-Xn, B‰pkwbp-‡-^ew ssI-X, koX-∏gw, Ac-Wa - c - w, ]pRvP-^ew kvt{Sm_-dn, tdmkv, bpth-dn-b, hmX-s°mSn hnØp- h - X - c - W - Ø n\v A∏q- ∏ ≥Xm- S n, ]cp- Ø n, hnØp-hn-X-cWw \nco-£Ww kky-ßƒ°p≈ A\p- thß, apcn-ß, Imin-Øp-º, tiJ-cWw Iq-e-\-ßƒ hni-Zo-I-cn- sh≠, Bº¬, Xma-c, tX°v, HX-f-ß, sRcn-™n¬, Duc°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p. Iw, Ce™n

kky-tImi \nco£Ww

{]{In-b-Iƒ

Pohn-I-fn¬ tImi-ß-fpsS FÆ-Ønepw hen-∏-Ønepw BIr-Xn-bnepw LS-\-bnepw sshhn-[y-ap≠v

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

¢mkv 6

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

27

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ

1. aÆn¬ s]m∂p- h n- f - ImbnI {]P-\\w ssewKnI {]Xyp¬]mZ-\w, kwtbm-PnX bn°mw Irjn-coXn, CS-hnf Irjn, hnf ]cym-bw, ssPh-h-fw, IoS-\nb-{¥-Ww, Pe-tk-N\w

bqWn‰v

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

_Õnw-Kv, {Km^v‰nwKv, sebdnwKv F∂n-h-bn-eqsS KpWta-∑-bp≈ \So¬ hkvXp°ƒ Xøm-dm-°m≥ Ign-bp∂p. kwtbm- P nX IrjnbpsS km[y-X-Iƒ a\- nem°p∂p.

\nco-£-Ww, h¿§o-I-cWw t\Snb BibßfpsS {]tbmKw ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnX-Ønse {]iv\-ßƒ ]cnl-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v imkv{XØns‚ coXn {]tbm-P-\s∏-Sp-Ømw.

aØ≥, X°m-fn, sh≠, ]®ap-f-Iv, hgp-X-\, ]mh¬, a[p-c°n-g-ßv, ac-®o-\n, ]b¿, NXpc- ∏ - b ¿, a™ƒ, _o‰v d q- ´ v , s\¬hn-Øv, tKmXºp hnØv, sNØn, sNº-c-Øn, tdm , _¥n, ap√, t]c, tXbn-e, B¥q-dn-bw, Im∏n, Hm¿°n-Uv, tX\o-®-s∏-´n, ]nhnkn ss]∏v 2 ao‰¿ aÆn-c-I-tºmÃv ]Sp-Xm-°p-fw, ag-sh-≈-kw-`cWn

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

]cn-ÿn-Xn-em_v - ƒ Is≠- kky- ` m- K - ß ƒ D]- t bm3. Bkn- U p- I fpw kky-`m-K-ßƒ kqN-I-ambn _Z¬ km[y-XI Ø¬, ]co-£-W-ß-fn¬ Kn®v kqN-I-ßƒ \n¿Ωn- Imt_Pv (ssh-e-‰v) a™ƒ, B¬°-en-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw iwJp-]p-j] v w, ]g-ßfpw ]®-°G¿s∏-S¬ °p∂p. aÆns‚ PH aqeyw dn-If - pw, ]cn-tim-[n®v BknUv kz`m-ha- p≈h, B¬°en kz`mh- a p≈h Xcw Xncn- ° p- ∂ p. imkv{Xobamb Irjn-coXn ]cnN-bs - ∏-Sp-∂p.

]T-\t\´-ßƒ

{]{In-b-Iƒ

¢mkv 7

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

28

hn\n-abw sNø-s∏tS≠ Bib-ßƒ {]{In-b-Iƒ ]T-\t\´-ßƒ

Pe- i p- ≤ o- I - c - W w, Pe- k w- c - \nco-£-Ww, \nK-a-\-Øn- ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Ønse bqWn‰v 6. {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂se-Ø¬ \n¿Ω- e - a mb {]Ir- X n- £Ww Xn\v imkv{X-Øns‚ coXn °mbn {]tbm- P - \ - s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ p. Pew ]mgm- ° msX kwc£n-°p-∂X - n\pw aen-\P - ew ip≤o-I-cn®v D]-tbm-Kn-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p. Bhmk hyhÿ ]cn-N-bs∏-Sp-∂p. Pew ]mgm- ° msX kwc£n-°p-∂X - n\pw aen-\P - ew ip≤o- I - c n®v D]- t bm- K n°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.

bqWn‰v

Ipfw \n¿Ωm- \ w, ag- s h≈ kw`-cWn Sm¿t]m-fn≥ Ipfw aen-\-Pew Acn-®n-d-ßp-∂-Xn\p≈ kwhn-[m\w Hcp-°¬ a’y-ßƒ, \Ø-bv°, R≠v, Bº¬ C√n h®p]n-Sn-∏n-°¬, cma®w (ssP-ht- hen \n¿Ωm-Ww) ag°p-gn, {S©p-If - psS \n¿Ωm-Ww.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-IWw

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

29

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-im-ebpw ae-bmf `mjm ]T-\hpwStd 1 Unit 4. -

Hcp-a-bpsS BtLmjw

Cu bqWn-‰p-ambn _‘-s∏´v ]qt¥m-´Ønse hnhn-[X - cw ]q°-sfbpw Poh-Pm-eß - s - fbpw Dƒs∏-SpØn Ihn-X, kw`m-j-Ww, IY, \mS-Iw XpS-ßnb hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°mw. Unit 7. -

\´p-\-\®v

bqWn-‰nse hmg-Ir-jn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \new Hcp-°p∂Xpap-X¬ hnf-sh-Sp-°p-∂-Xphsc hnhn[ L´-ßƒ tN¿Øv Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°mw. aÆn-\-Sn-bnepw apI-fnepw D≠m-Ip∂ hnf-hp-I-sf-°p-dn®v IS-¶Y Xøm-dm-°mw. Nne ]®-°-dn-I-fpsS khntijX-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-em_v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. IS-¶Y DZm: Imf-In-S°pw Ib-tdmSpw

˛

aØ≥

˛

tN\

ASn XfnI \Sp-hSn ta¬IpS ]®-°d - n-Isf°pdn-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ IS-¶Y - I - ƒ Is≠-Øm≥ ]cn-ÿnXn em_v {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏-Sp-Ømw. Std II tIc-f-]m-Tm-hen Unit 3. -

]S¿∂v ]S¿∂v

IY, Ihn-X, IS-¶-Y, Bfl-I-Y, kw`m-j-Ww, Ipdn-∏v XpS-ßnb hyh-lm-cq-]-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn°m≥ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-em_v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw. DZm:

aØs‚ Bfl-IY

• sh≠bpw ]S-h-ehpw ˛ kw`m-jWw etc • AÆm\pw hmgbpw ˛ IY • aØ≥ ]mh-en-t\mSv Fs¥ms° ]d-™n-cn°mw ˛ Ipdn∏v Std V tIc-f-]m-Tm-hen Unit 2. ImWm-°m-gvN-Iƒ

F∂ bqWn‰nse "Irjn-amjv' ]mT-`m-K-hpambn _‘-s∏-SpØn IrjncoXn, IoS-ßƒ, Irjn Bbp-[ß - ƒ, hnhn-[X - cw Irjn-Iƒ, hf-{]-tbm-Kw, Irjn ÿew CØ-cØn-ep≈ Imcy-ßƒ ]cn-ÿnXn em_n¬ \n∂v a\- n-em°n Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I. k©mcØn\n-S-bn¬ F∂ bqWn-‰nse sh≈n-e-h≈n F∂ IhnX ^e-{]-Z-ambn hn\nabw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw h¿Æ-\, kw`m-jWw, Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v F∂o hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ßƒ Ip´n-Ifn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-em_v D]-I-cn-°pw.

Unit 4.

Std VI tIc-f-]m-Tm-hen Unit 2.

C√w \nd h√w \nd F∂ bqWn-‰ns\ ]cn-ÿnXn em_p-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn Bkzm-Z-

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

30

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS \-°p-dn-∏v, h¿Æ-\, \mS≥ sNm√p-Iƒ, IS-¶-Y-Iƒ F∂nh cq]-s∏-Sp-Ømw. "h¿Æ-kp-c-`nbmw `qan' F∂ bqWn-‰nse Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v IY, Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏v, Ub-dn, Npa¿]-{XnI F∂o hyh-lm-c-ßƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]cn-ÿnXn em_v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

Unit 1.

Std VII tIc-f-]m-Tm-hen Unit 1. Hm¿Ω-bpsS

PmeIw F∂ bqWn-‰n¬ ]q°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ F\n-°m-h-Xnt√ F∂ ]mT-`mKw Ip´n-I-fnseØn°m-\mbn ]cn-ÿnXn em_nse IWn-s°m∂ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

31

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]-cn-ÿnXnem_nte°v Bh-iy-amb kky-ßƒ, kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ kky-ßƒ 1

Bº¬

25 sh≠

49 Iq¿°

2

Ce™n

26 ]b¿

50 Imc‰v

3

tdmk

27 ]mh¬

51 Im®n¬

4

_mƒkw

28 ]S-hew

52 Dcp-f-°n-gßv

5

kqcy-Im¥n

29 aØ≥

53 tN\

6

t_mssK≥hn√

30 ISpIv

54 tNºv

7

a√n-s®Sn

31 Ipºfw

55 shfp-Øp≈n

8

Pa¥n

32 hgp-X\

56 kthmf

9

\¥ym¿h´w

33 apfIv

57 D≈n

10 IrjvW-In-coSw

34 X°mfn

58 _o‰-dq´v

11 sN≠p-ap√

35 tImh¬

59 C©n

12 ]n®Iw

36 I∏

60 a™ƒ

13 ]me

37 Icnºv

61 ae-bn©n

14 s]cp-Inew

38 kpK-‘-cmP≥

62 C©n-amß

15 sNº-cØn

39 Ce-ap-f®n

63 It®mew

16 sNØn

40 \nim-K‘n

64 Iqh

17 t]c

41 Idn-th∏v

65 \dp-\o≠n

18 amhv

42 IS-πmhv

66 iXm-hcn

19 aƒ_dn

43 πmhv

67 XIc

20 Nmº

44 tX°v

68 ssakq¿Noc

21 kt∏m´

45 _Zmw

69 Xgp-Xma

22 dºq-´m≥

46 Im∏n

70 apcnß

23 ]∏mb

47 sImt°m

71 kmºm¿Noc

24 BØ

48 a[p-c-°n-gßv

72 Noc

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

32

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 73 hmg

101 Fcp°v

129 apb¬s®-hn-b≥

74 tImfn-^vf-h¿

102 Aac

130 hbºv

75 N-Xp-c-∏-b¿

103 ap¥ncn

131 {_“n

76 Ip‰n-∏-b¿

104 Nn‰-arXv

132 IpS-ß¬

77 _o≥kv

105 tat¥m∂n

133 AcqX

78 Aa-cbv°

106 ssIX

134 Icnw-tßm´

79 I{Xn°

107 XÆn-a-Ø≥

135 Xm∂n

80 cma®w

108 sXßv

136 apkm≥U

81 s\√v

109 PmXn

137 kvt{Sm-_dn

82 tKmXºv

110 B‰p--ssIX

138 aWn πm‚ v

83 ]\

111 Iip-amhv

139 Acn∏q

84 dmUnjv

112 B∏nƒ

140 Nncß

85 tNmfw

113 k_¿Pn¬

141 aµmcw

86 _m¿en

114 d∫¿

142 s\√n

87 HmSvkv

115 DΩw

143 ]pfn-bm-dne

88 Ipcp-ap-fIv

116 \mep-a-Wn-s®Sn

144 apdn-°q´n

89 {Kmºp

117 thß

145 ]∂¬

90 Gew

118 koX-∏gw

146 Cu¥v

91 BS-tem-SIw

119 sh≈ne

147 Im\-hmg

92 ]\n-Iq¿°

120 Ac-W-acw

148 Imt_Pv

93 Bcy-th∏v

121 ajn-Ø-≠vsNSn

149 IdpI

94 sXm´m-hmSn

122 HXfw

150 Ipdp-t¥m´n

95 sh‰ne

123 ]™n

151 apØß

96 Xpº

124 alm-KWn

152 t{Im´¨ sNSn

97 Acfn

125 Iogm¿s\√n

153 Akv{X-∏p√v

98 Imin-Øpº

126 ap°p‰n

154 ªm°v s_dn

99 \ne-∏\

127 hnjw-sIm-√n

155 tdmtUm sU≥t{Um¨

100 _ntKm-Wnb

128 Ip‰n-∏mew

156 IWn-s°m∂

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

33

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS ie-`-]m¿°n\v Bh-iy-amb sNSn-Iƒ...............-t]-Pp-I-fn¬ \¬In-bn-´p≠v

Pohn-Iƒ 1

\Øbv°

2

a’yw

3

R≠v

4

Xhf

5

K∏n

1

]£n-Iƒ°v IqsSm-cp-°¬ Pew \¬I¬, Blmcw \¬I¬ ap®-´n-bcn∏ ˛ amXrI ag-∏-¥¬ ag-sh-≈-kw-`-cWn ag-°pgn InW¿ do®m¿Pp sNø¬ kutcm¿÷ ]m\¬ Im‰m-Sn-b{¥w Pe-kw-c-£W am¿K-ßƒ Pe-tk-N\ am¿§-ßƒ aÆp-kw-c-£W am¿K-ßƒ

Im‰ns‚ Zni Adn-bm-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w sX¿tam-ao-‰¿ ÿm]n-°¬ ag-am-]n\n ssPhw amen\y kwkv°-cWw AssPhw A]-I-S-Icw Itºm-ÃvIpgn _tbm-Kymkv πm‚ v ]pI-bn-√mØ ASp-∏p-Iƒ ˛ ASp-°f tX\o-®-h-f¿Ø¬

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

34

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

PLANTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LAB

1 Bº¬ (Nymphaea Pubescens) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw \Smw ]cn-N-cWw ˛ \Sp∂ ka-bØv aÆn¬ Ipd®v IΩmbw hnX-dn-bn´v \Sp-∂-XmWv \√Xv \So¬ hkvXp ˛ {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

2. Ce™n (Mimusops Elengi) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`-Øn¬ 1 ASn Ipgn-sb-SpØv ]pdsa \n∂p≈ aÆn´v aqSn Hcm-gvNbv°p tijw \Sp-I. th\-en¬ Nph-Sn-f°n ]pX-bn-Sp-I. t\cn´v kqcy-{]-Im-iw e`n-°p-∂n-SØv am{Xw \Sp-I. \So¬ hkvXp ˛ t\gvk-dn-Iƒ, \mKm¿÷p\ (sXm-Sp-]p-g) F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

3. tdmk (Rosa Damascena) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m ImeØpw \Smw Ipgn-sb-SpØv ssPh-h-fw, aW¬ F∂nh tN¿Øv Ipgn \nd®v X≠v \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. tXßm-sh-≈-Øn¬ ap°nb X≠v \´m¬ thcv thKw apf-bv°pw. \So¬ hkvXp ˛ {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. t\gvk-dn-Ifnepw e`y-am-Wv.

4. t_mƒkw (ssN-\okv t_mƒkv) (Impatiens Sps) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØv, ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m ImeØpw \Smw ssPhmwiw IqSp-X-ep≈ Cf-°-ap≈ aÆn¬ \Sp-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. H®v, ]pgp-°ƒ F∂n-hbpsS A{I-aWw IqSp-X-embn I≠p-h-cp-∂p. kz`m-hn-I \nb-{¥W am¿§-ßƒ Ah-ew-_n°p-I. Ch-bpsS ssXIƒ t\gvkd - n-If - n¬ e`y-am-Wv. {]mtZ-in-Ia - mb e`n-°p∂ \So¬ hkvXp°fpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

5. kqcy-Im¥n (Heliamthus Annus) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØv, ssX \So¬Imew ˛ BK-Ãv, sk]v‰w-_¿ t\cn´v kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p-∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬ \Sp-I. hnØv ]mIn ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb IpgnIfntem N´n-I-fntem \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hnØp-Iƒ t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw hnØv hn¬∏\ tI{µß-fnepw e`n-°p∂XmWv. {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw \So¬ hkvXp-°ƒ tiJ-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 6. t_mssK≥ hn√ (Bogain Villea) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m ImeØpw ]S¿∂p hf-cp-∂-h-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ (Xmßv th≠-Xv) Hgn™ `mK-ß-fn¬ \Sp-I. As√-¶n¬ sNSn-®-´n-I-fn¬ hf¿Øm-hp∂ ssl{_nUv C\-ßƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I. {]tXy-I-]-cn-NcWw Bh-iy-an-√. ssXIƒ t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

7. a√n-s®Sn (Coriandrum Sativum) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ a√n-hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ apX¬ sabv hsc \So¬ Ime-amWv Ac-ASn (½ ASn) Db-c-Øn¬ XS-tam, s_tUm FSpØv IpΩmbw hnXdn Hcp Znh-k-Øn-\ptijw a√n hnX-bv°p-I. sNdnb coXn-bn¬ \\-bv°p-I. Xnßn hf-cp∂ `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ssXIƒ ]ngpXv am‰p-I. aÆn¬ t]cn-\p-am{Xw \\ sImSp-°p-I. 2˛3 BgvN-bn¬ ]q¿Æ hf¿®-sb-Øpw.

8. Pa¥n (Chrysanthemum Coronarium) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kqWn\ptijw Ft∏mƒ thW-sa-¶nepw \Smw Pa-¥n-bpsS hyXy-kvX-C-\-ßƒ hfsc AI-e-Øn¬ am{Xw \Sp-I. \√ Cf-°-ap≈ aÆn¬ thWw ssXIƒ \Sm≥. ssXIƒ {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

9. \¥ym¿h´w (Tabernaemontana Divericata) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ X≠v (I-ºv) \So¬Imew ˛ BKvÃv ˛ sabv {]mtZ-inI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. aÆn¬ A[nIw ssPhmwiw ]mSn-√. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

10. IrjvW IncoSw (Clerodendrum Paniculatum) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw \Smw {]mtZ-inI ]cn-Nc - Ww Bh-iy-an-√. thK-Øn¬ ]S¿∂p hf-cp∂Xmb-Xn-\m¬ N´n-If - ntem,Nm°p-I-fntem \Sp-∂Xv IqSp-X¬ ÿe-ß-fn-te°v ]S-cp-∂Xv XS-bmw. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-°p∂-Xm-Wv.

11. sN≠p-ap√ (Jasminum Sambac) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ X≠v (h-≈n) \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`-Øn¬ \Sp-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. 1 ½ ASn Ipgnsb-SpØv ssPh-hfw \nd®v X≠v \Sp-I. \√ kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p∂ CS-ß-fn¬ \Sp-I.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS sNSn-®-´n-I-fn¬ \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (Ip-‰n-ap-√). {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv. sam´p-Iƒ ]pgp°fpw ]p¬®m-Sn-Ifpw Xn∂p \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv XS-bm-\mbn CS-bn¬ _¥n h®-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv DØ-a-am-Wv.

12. ]n®Iw (Jasminum Grandifloram) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ X≠vv (h-≈n) \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`w. sN≠p-ap√ \Sp∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv \So¬co-Xn. tXm´-Øns‚ Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ then-bm-bn´v \Sp∂-XmWv DØ-aw. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`yam-Wv.

13. ]me (Alstonis Scholaris) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`w. ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-If - n¬ ssPhmwiw IqSp-Xe - p≈ aÆn´v \Sp-I. h≥a-ca - m-bX - n-\m¬ Hgn™ ÿeØv \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-Nc - Ww Bh-iy-an-√. ssXIƒ {]mtZ-in-Ia - mbn e`y-am-W.v

14 s]cp-Inew (Clerodendrum Infortunatum) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`w. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√ Acn-Ip-Iƒ tN¿Øv \Sm≥ {i≤n-°p-I. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

15. sNº-cØn (Hibiscus Rosasinensis) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ GXpkabØpw \Smw aÆn-f°n X≠v \Smhp∂-Xm-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-Nc - Ww Bh-iy-an-√. {]tZ-in-Ia - mbn e`n-°p∂XmWv.

16. sNØn (Ixora Coccinea) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ X≠v (Cfw X≠v) \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw \Smw kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p∂ ÿeØv thWw \Sm≥. aÆn-f°n Cfw X≠v \Sp-∂-XmWv DØaw. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

17. t]c (Psidium Guajava) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØv ]mIn ssX \SpI \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`w. 1 ASn Ipgn-sb-SpØv Itºm-Ãv, ]pdw aÆv Ch tN¿Øv ssXIƒ \Sp-I. {]tXy-I-]-cn-NcWw Bh-iy-an-√. {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 18. amhv (Mangifera Indica) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX, {Km^v‰v sNbvX ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`w. ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-I-fn¬ ssPhmwiw IqSp-X-ep≈ atÆm ItºmtÃm tN¿Øv ssX \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. Iºp-W°w XS-bm≥ t_m¿tUm an{inXw Xøm-dm°n t\¿∏n®v ]pc-´p-I. {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

19. aƒ_dn (Morus Alba) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-I-fn¬ ItºmÃpw ssPh-h-fhpw tN¿Øv 1 ASn \of-ap≈ X≠v \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. ]pgp-°-fpsS ieyw IqSp-X-em-bm¬ Znhtk\ ]cn-tim-[n®v ]pgp-°sf \in-∏n-°p-I. CS-Øcw ac-am-Ip-∂-h-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v A\ptbm-Py-amb ÿe-ßƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I. \So¬hkvXp skdn-s^Uv As√-¶n¬ {]mtZ-inI-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

20. Nmº (Eugenia Jambos) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-I-fn¬ kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p∂ ÿeØv \Smw. {]mtZ-in-Iambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

21. kt∏m´ (Manilkara Zapota) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX, hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-I-fn¬ DW-°-Nm-WIw C´v \nd®v Iq\-Iq´n ssXIƒ \Sp-I. Nph-´n¬ Icn-bn-e-sIm≠v ]pX-bn-Sp-I. 1 ½ h¿jw hsc {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv. 1 ½ h¿jw hsc th\¬Im-eØv XW¬ \¬tI≠XmWv. ssXIƒ t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ e`y-amWv. A]q¿h-ambn hnØv {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

22. dºq-´m≥ (Nephelium Lappaceum) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-I-fn¬ ssPh-hfw tN¿Øv ssXIƒ \Sp-I. CSØcw ac-amIp∂h-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿeØv \Sp-I. hf-cp-∂X - n\v kqcy-{]-Imiw IqSpX¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. i‡-amb thcp-]S- e - a - m-bX - p-sIm≠v asÆm-en∏v XS-bpw. 3 h¿jw hsc IrXy-amb ]cn-Nc - Ww Bh-iy-am-Wv (h-f{- ]-tbm-Kw, IoS-\n-b{- ¥-Ww). ssXIƒ t\gvkd - n-Ifn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 23. ]∏mb (Carica Papaya) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØp ]mIn ssX \SpI \So¬Imew ˛ BKkv‰v ˛ \hw-_¿ ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-I-fn¬ ssPh-h-fhpw ta¬aÆpw tN¿Øv \nd®v ssX \Sp-I. 1 ½ amkw {]mb-amb ssXIƒ \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. kqcy-{]-Imiw t\cn´v e`n-°m-hp∂ CS-ß-fn¬ \Sp-I. ssXIƒ {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv. IqSmsX hnØpIƒ t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

24. BØ (Annona Reticulata) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ ssX, hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ BKkv‰v ˛ \hw-_¿ ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-I-fn¬ ssPh-h-fhpw ta¬aÆpw tN¿Øv \nd®v 1 ½ h¿jw hsc {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv. X≠p-Wßn t]mIm≥ km≤y-X-bp-≈-Xn-\m¬ a¨kq¨ ka-bØv t_m¿tUm an{inXw kvt{] sNøp-∂tXm ]pc-´p-∂tXm \√-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

25. sh≠ (Abelmoschus Esculentus) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØv ]mIn ssX ]dn®v \SpI \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw sNdnb XS-ßƒ FSptØm sNdnb s_Up-I-fmtbm \ne-sam-cp°n c≠mgvN {]mb-amb ssXIƒ \Sp-I. thcp-No-b¬ km≤yX IqSp-X¬ D≈-Xn-\m¬ aÆn¬ Cu¿∏-Øns‚ Afhv \nb-{¥n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. aÆn¬ IpΩmbw tN¿Øv sImSp-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Im-iØns‚ e`yX Dd-∏p-hc - p-tØ-≠X - m-Wv. \So¬hkvXp Irjn-hI - p-∏n¬ \n∂pw {]mtZ-inI hnØphn¬∏\ tI{µ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

26. ]b¿ (Vigna Unguiculata) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`-Ønepw Xpem-a-g°v tijhpw \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb XS-ß-fn¬ hnØv \´v hf¿Øp-I. IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-am¿§-ßƒ hfsc AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Xmßp \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬ \tS-≠Xm-Wv. \So¬hkvXp Irjn-`-h≥, {]mtZ-in-I hnØv hnX-cW tI{µ-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv. 27. ]mh¬ (Momordica Charantia) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ HIvtSm-_¿-˛-\-hw-_¿ XS-sa-SpØv hnØv t\cnt´m sNdnb t]∏¿ I∏p-I-fn¬ ssX ap-f-∏nt®m \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xmßp \¬I-Ww. A\p-tbm-Py-amb IoS-tcmK \nb-{¥W am¿§-ßƒ Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠-XmWv. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd∏p hcp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp Irjn-`-h≥, hnØp¬∏mZ\ hnX-cW tI{µ-ßƒ, {]mtZ-inIw F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 28. ]S-hew (Trichosanthes Cucumeria) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ aÆv XS-sa-SpØv 2˛3 hnØp-Iƒ hoXw \Sp-I. Ac-bSn Dbcw hbv°p-tºmƒ Xmßp-I-tºm, Ibtdm \¬Ip-I. \Sp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv aÆn¬ IpΩmbw hnX-dp-I. IoS-tcmK \nb-{¥-W-am¿§ßƒ A\p-tbm-Py-am-bXv sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I. ^nd-tam¨ sIWn-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv ]mh¬ ]S-hew, aØ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS IoS-tcm-K-_m[ XS-bm≥ \∂v. hnØp-Xv]m-Z\ hnX-cW tI{µ-ßƒ, {]mtZ-inIw F∂n-ßs\ hnØv e`y-am-Wv.

29. aØ≥ (Cucurbita Maxina) \So¬ hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ CS-h-∏m-Xn, sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n 2,3 hnØpIƒ sh≈-Øn¬ IpXn¿Øv \Sp-I. \neØv ]S¿Øn-tbm, a‰v sNdp-a-c-ß-fn¬ ]S¿Øntbm sI´n-S-ß-fpsS apI-fn¬ ]S¿Øntbm hf¿Ømw. Hcp amkw hsc \√ ]cn-N-c-Whpw XWepw \¬Ip-I. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°p-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°p-I. hnØp \Sp∂ thf-bn¬ a™-ƒs∏mSn hnX-dn-sIm-Sp-Øm¬ Ddp-ºns‚ ieyw Hgn-hm-°mw. hnØv DXv]m-Z\ hnX-cW tI{µ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Irjn-`-h-\n¬ \n∂pw {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw hnØp-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. ]qsIm-gn-bp∂ thf-bn¬ ImbvIƒ t]∏¿ Ih-dp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn® s]mXn-bp-∂Xv Cu®-I-fpsS B{I-aWw XS-bpw. ^nd-tam¨ sIWn-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv ^e-{]-Z-am-Wv.

30. ISpIv (Brassica Juncea) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ ag-°m-eØv ]mSn√ aÆv Inf®v s_Uv Xøm-dm°n \\-®-tijw hnØv hnX-bv°p-I. ]dn®p \So¬ Bh-iy-an-√. 2˛3 BgvN-bn¬ hf¿® ]q¿Øn-bm-Ipw. IoS-tcm-K-_m[ XS-bm≥ _¥n-s®-Sn-Iƒ \Sp-I. ISI-fn¬ e`n-°p∂ ISpIv hnØmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

31. Ipºfw (Benincasa Hispida) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ CS-h-∏mXn aÆv Inf®v XS-sa-SpØv ssPh-hfw tN¿Øv hnØv \Sp-I. Btcm-Ky-ap-≈h \n¿Øn _m°nbp≈h ]dn®p If-bp-I. Xmßp-a-c-ß-fpsS e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-hZ- n-°c - p-Xv. \So¬ hkvXp-°ƒ hnØp¬∏m-Z\ - t- I-{µ-ßƒ, {]mtZinIw F∂nhn-S-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 32. hgp-X\ (Solanum Melangena) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv, ssX \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ \neØpw Nm°p-I-fnepw hf¿Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hnØv \Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv aÆn¬ IpΩmbw tN¿Øv Cf-t°-≠X - mWy kqcy-{]-Imiw \o¿hm¿® F∂nh Dd-∏p-hc - p-tØ-≠X - m-Wv. ^wKkv _m[ XS-bm≥ ]cn-kcw hrØn-bmbn kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp-°ƒ {]mtZ-in-Iambpw Irjn-`h - \ - n¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p-∂X - m-Wv. hnØv ]mIp∂ ka-bØv aÆn¬ a™ƒs∏mSn hnX-dp-∂Xv Ddp-ºns‚ ieyw Ipd-bv°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.

33. apfIv (Capsicum Annuum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv ]mIn apf-∏n® ssX \So¬Imew ˛ CS-h-∏mXn aÆv Inf®v XS-sam-cp°n ssPh-hfw tN¿Øn-f°n ]mIn apf-∏n® Icp-Øp≈ ssXIƒ am{Xw \Sp-I. aÆns‚ \o¿hm¿® Dd∏p hcp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Im-i-ap≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬ \Sp-I.

34. X°mfn (Lycopersicon Esculentum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv ]mIn apf-∏n® ssX \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ (Xp-S¿®-bmbn ag-bn-√mØ GXp-k-a-bØpw \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv) aÆv Inf®v Cf-°ntbm Nm°p-I-fntem \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ssXIƒ No™p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ A[nI Pe-tk-N\w Hgn-hm°pI. \Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv aÆn¬ IpΩmbw tN¿°p-∂Xv ^wKkv _m[ D≠m-hp-∂Xv XS-bpw. Xmßp Iºp-Itfm NW-\qtem D]-tbm-Kn®v Db¿Øn \n¿Øp∂Xv Agp-I¬ _m[ Ipd-bv°pw. kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬h-kvXp-°ƒ hnØv hnX-cW DXv]m-Z\ tI{µ-ß-fnepw {]mtZ-in-I-am-bpw e`y-am-Wv.

35. tImh¬ (Coccinia Grandis) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv aÆv Inf®v Db¿Ønb XS-ß-fn¬ D¬]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp≈ sNSn-bn¬ \n∂pw apdn-s®-SpØv X≠v \Sp-I. ]¥-tem, Xmtßm Bh-iy-am-Wv. Nm°p-I-fn¬ aÆp \nd®pw \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-c-W-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

36. I∏ (Manihot Utilissima) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ sabv ˛ Pq¨, HIvtSm-_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ a¨Iq\ Xøm-dm°n X≠p-ap-dn®v \Sp-I. If-\n-b-{¥n-°p-I. Fen-bpsS ieyw Hgn-hm-°m≥ a™ƒ \Sp-I. {]tXyI IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-am¿§-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√. tcmK-_m-[-bp≈ \So¬ hkvXp-°ƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 37. Icnºv (Saccharum Officinarum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ Icn-ºp-I-fpsS Cfw Xe-t∏m, Xt≠m \Sp-I. Cfw Xe-∏m-sW-¶n¬ sNcn®v \Sp-I. X≠m-sW¶n¬ aÆn¬ Xnc-›o-\-ambn A¬∏w aÆn´v aqSp-I. kqcy-{]-Im-ihpw \o¿hm¿®bpw Dd-∏p-hcp-Øp-I. {]tXyI IoS-\n-b-{¥W am¿§-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv. (a-d-bq¿)

38. kpK‘cmP≥ (Gardenia Iucida) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-am¿§-ßƒ Bh-iy-am-Wv. \neØpw sNSn-®-´n-Ifnepw hf¿Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ssPh-h-f-ßƒ aÆn¬ tN¿Øp \¬Ip-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. X≠v {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

39. Ce-ap-f®n (Bryophyllum Pinnatum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ce, X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw aÆv Inf®v Hcp°n ssX \Sp-Itbm Ce-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp `mKw am{Xw aÆn-\-Sn-bn¬ hcp∂ coXn-bn¬ \Sp-I. {]tXyI IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww hf-{]-tbmKw Bh-iy-an-√. Ce-ap-f®n {]mtZ-inI-ambn am{Xw e`n-°p-∂p.

40. \nim-K‘n \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw \netØm N´n-I-fntem hf¿Ømw. Xmßv Bh-iy-am-Wv. Pe-tk-N-\hpw hf-{]-tbm-Khpw Ipd®p aXn. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

41. Idn-th∏v (Murraya Koenigii) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX (th-cn¬ \n∂p apf-bv°p∂ ssX) \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw \Smw A[nIw shbntem A[nIw XWtem ]mSn-√. \o¿hm¿®-bp≈ {]tZ-iØv \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√b \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

42. ISπmhv (Artocarpus Incisus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ th-cn¬ \n∂p apf-® ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw aÆv Bg-Øn¬ Inf®v Hcp°n IpΩmbw hnXdn ssX \Sp-I. ssXbv°v Np‰pw a™ƒ \Sp∂Xv Fen ssX \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv XS-bpw. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. DXv]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp-≈Xpw tcmK-Io-S_m[ C√m-Ø-Xp-amb ac-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ ssXIƒ thWw \Sm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv. t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw \So¬ hkvXp e`y-am-Wv.

43. πmhv (Artocarpus Hetrophyllus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-¨ Bcw`w aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssXtbm, Ipcpthm \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. henb ac-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ A\p-tbmPy-amb ÿeØv \Sp-I. 1 h¿jw hsc ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv. A[nI shbnepw A[nI sh≈hpw ]mSn-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw hnØp-Xv]m-Z-\-˛-hn-X-cW tI{µ-ß-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

44. tX°v (Tectona Grandis) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX (hnØp-]mIn apf-∏n® ssX) \So¬Imew ˛ CS-h-∏mXn Bcw`w sNdnb Ipgn-sb-SpØv ssX \Sp-I. {]tXy-I-]-cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. ssXbm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ \o¿hm¿® Dd∏p hcp-Øp-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw hnØp¬]m-Z\ hnX-cW tI{µß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

45. _Zmw (Terminalia Cattappa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆv Bg-Øn¬ Inf®v ssX \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd∏phcp-Øp-I. ]S¿∂v hf-cp∂ kky-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿeØv \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-]m-e\w Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw hnØp¬]m-Z-\-˛-hn-X-cW tI{µ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

46. Im∏n (Coffea Arabica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv ]mIn apf-∏n® ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w XW¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. aÆv Inf®v Cf-°ntbm Ipgn-sb-SptØm \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1 ½ h¿jwhsc Bh-iy-amb XW¬ sImSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

47. sImt°m \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w Ipgn-sb-SpØv t]mfn-_m-Kp-I-fn¬ hf¿Ønb ssX \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ssXbm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. 2 h¿jw hsc XW¬ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Ipanƒ _m[ XS-bm≥ a¨kq¨ ka-bØv t_m¿tUm an{inXw kvt{] sNtø-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 48. a[p-c-°n-gßv (Ipomea Batatus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ CS-h-∏mXn a¨Iq-\-I-fntem s_Up-I-fntem ½ \of-Øn¬ apdn® X≠p-Iƒ \Sp-I. Fenieyw Ipdbv°m≥ Np‰pw a™ƒ \-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Im-i-e-`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ≠-≠-Xm-Wv. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

49. Iq¿° (Colias Parviflorus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv sk]v‰w-_¿ aÆv Iq\-Iq-´ntbm s_Vp-I-fm-°ntbm \new Hcp°n X≠v apdn®v \Sp-I. X≠v 1˛1 ½ ASn \ofw BIp-tºmƒ aÆv sNdnb coXn-bn¬ Xqfn sImSp-°p-∂Xv DZv]m-Z\w Iq´m≥ klm-bn°pw. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn \So¬h-kvXp-°ƒ e`n-°pw. (A-Sn-am-en)

50. Imc‰v (Daucus Carota) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ \√ ag-bp≈ kabw Hgn-hm°n GXp ka-bØpw \Smw \neØv Xøm-dm-°nb s_VpI-fntem Nm°p-I-fntem \Smw. ssXIƒ t\cn´v ]mIp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. ]dn®v \´v hf¿Øm≥ ]mSn-√. Xnßn hf-cp-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°m≥ IqSp-X-ep-≈Xv ]dn-®pI-f-bp-I. Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. cmk-h-fhpw ssPh-h-fhpw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. IoS-tcm-K\n-b{- ¥-Wa - m¿§-ßƒ Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠X - m-Wv. \So¬hkvXp hn]-Wn-If - n¬ \n∂pw e`y-amWv.

51. Im®n¬ (Dioscoreae Alata) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w (C-S-h-∏m-Xn) aÆv sNdnb Iq\-I-fm°n NmW-I-an´v Im®n¬ Ij-W-am°n \Sp-I. Icn-bn-e-Iƒ D]-tbmKn®v ]pX-bn-Sp-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. Xmßp \¬tI≠Xm-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. Nmcw, NmWIw XpS-ßnb ssPh-h-f-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

52. Dcp-f-°n-gßv (Solanum Tuberosum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ sNdp Ing-ßp-Iƒ \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw Pe-tk-N\w hfsc AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. t{Km _mKpI-fntem \netØm hf¿Ømw. \neØp \Sp-tºmƒ s_Up-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n AXn¬ sNdnb Im\-Iƒ \n¿Ωn®v Im\-I-fpsS sskUn¬ 1 ASn AI-e-Øn¬ \Sp-I. hf¿®°v A\p-k-cn®v aÆv tN¿Øv sImSp-°p-I. kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. H®v, h≠v F∂n-h-bpsS ieyw

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS \nb-{¥n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \So¬hkvXp IS-I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Ip∂ Ing-ßp-Itfm As√-¶n¬ h´-h-S-t]m-se-bp≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

53. tN\ (Amorphophallus Companulatus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ {]I{µw (`q-Im-WvUw) \So¬Imew ˛ CS-h-∏mXn aÆn¬ Db¿∂ XS-ßƒ FSpØv ssPh-hfw DW-°-®m-WIw F∂nh tN¿Øv tN\-bpsS apf-bp≈ Hcp `mKw h®v aÆn´v aqSp-I. \√ I\-Øn-ep≈ ]pX-bn-S¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. t\cn´v kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p∂ ÿe-ß-fn-emWv tN\ \tS-≠-Xv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cW coXn-Iƒ Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-°p-∂p.

54. tNºv (Colocasia Esculenta) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ CS-h-∏mXn aÆn¬ Iq\ Iq´n apdn® tNºn≥X-S-Iƒ ssPh-h-fhpw NmW-Ihpw tN¿Øv \Sp-I. \Sp∂ ka-bØv ]pX-bn-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. \´v 2˛3 amk-ßƒ°vtijw sNdp-Xmbn aÆv tN¿Øp-sIm-Spt°≠Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

55. shfp-Øp≈n (Allium Sativum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ A√n \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w ½ ASn Db-c-Øn-ep≈ s_Vp-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n ½ ASn AI-e-Øn¬ A√n-Iƒ Ipgn®v h°pI. \Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv Xs∂ Bh-iy-amb ssPh-h-f-ßƒ tN¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. t{Km _mKp-I-fnepw Nm°p-I-fnepw \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp hn]-Wnbn¬ \n∂p e`n-°p∂ shfp-Øp≈n D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

56. kthmf (Allium Cepa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kqWn\p--tijw aÆn¬ s_Up-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n 1˛1 ½ ASn AI-e-Øn¬ ]mIn apf-∏n® ssXIƒ \Sp-I. s_Up Xøm-dm-°p∂ thf-bn¬ Xs∂ Bh-iy-amb ssPh-h-f-ßƒ tN¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Petk-N\w Bh-iy-Øn-\p-am-{Xw. {]tXyI IoS-\n-{¥Ww Bh-iy--an-√. \So¬ hkvXp hnØp¬∏mZ\ tI{µ-ß-fn¬ (ta-´p-]m-f-bw) \n∂pw hn]-Wn-bn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

57. D≈n (Allium Cepa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kqWns‚ tijw aÆn¬ s_Up-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n ½ ˛1 ASn AI-e-Øn¬ ]mIn apf-∏n® ssXIƒ \Sp-I.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS \Sp∂ ka-bØv Bh-iy-amb ssPh-h-f-ßƒ tN¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iyØn\p am{Xw. \So¬hkvXp hn]-Wn-bn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂ D≈n D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

58. _o‰v dq´v (Beta Vulgaris) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ \\-hp≈ aÆn¬ ½ ASn Db-c-Øn¬ XS-sa-SpØv \Sp-I. \Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv hnØv aW¬ tN¿Øv Cf-°p-I. aÆn¬ Ipgn-sb-SpØv hnØn´v aÆn´v aqSp-I. \o¿hm¿® Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. hf¿®-bpsS L´-Øn¬ If-Iƒ ]dn-®p-I-f-bp-I.

59. C©n (Zingiber Officinale) \So¬hkvXp ˛ `qImWvUw \So¬Imew ˛ G{]n¬ ˛ sabv ½ ASn Db-c-Ønep≈ s_Up-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n ½ ASn AI-e-Øn¬ C©n IjvW-ß-fm°n Ipgn-®p-h-°p-I. NmW-I-s∏m-Snbpw aÆpw tN¿Øv aqSp-I. \√ I\-Øn-ep≈ ]pX-bn-S¬ Bhiy-am-Wv. hf¿®-bpsS L´-ß-fn¬ If-Iƒ ]dn-®p-If™v aÆn-Sp-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-inI-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

60. a™ƒ (Curcuma Longa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ `qImWvUw \So¬Imew ˛ G{]n¬ ˛ sabv ½ ASn Db-c-Ønep≈ s_Up-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n ½ ASn AI-e-Øn¬ a™ƒ IjvW-ß-fm°n NmW-I-s∏m-Snbpw tN¿Øv \SpI. \√ ]pX-bn-S¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. hf¿®-bpsS L´-ß-fn¬ If-Iƒ ]dn-®p-If™v aÆn-Sp-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

61. ae-bn©n \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ sabv ˛ Pq¨, HIvtSm-_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n Ingßv sNdnb Ij-W-ß-fm°n Ipgn-bn¬ \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWhpw hf-{]-tbm-Khpw Bh-iy-an-√. then-bmbn hf¿Øm≥ km[n°pw (Im-cWw 2 ao‰¿ hsc Dbcw hbv°pw) \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

62. C©n-amß (Curcuma Amada) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆn¬ {]tXyI XSw Xøm-dm-°ntbm, Ipgn-sb-SptØm \Sm-hp∂XmWv. ssP-hfw D]-tbmKn-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. {]tXy-I] - c - n-Nc - Ww Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-Ia - mbn e`yamWv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 63. It®mew (Kaempferia Galanga) \So¬hkvXp ˛ `qImWvUw \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w ½ ASn Db-c-Øn¬ s_-Up-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n AI-e-Øn¬ NmW-Is∏mSnbpw tN¿Øv \Sp-I. ]pXbnS¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp \mKm¿Pp\ (sXm-Sp-]p-g) bn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

64. Iqh (Maranta Arundinacea) \So¬hkvXp ˛ `qImWvUw \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆv Inf®v Cf°n Ipgn-sb-SpØv Ingßv \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw \mKm¿Pp\ (sXm-Sp-]p-g) F∂n-ßs\ e`y-am-Wv.

65. \dp-\o≠n (Hemidesmus Indicus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßpw h≈nbpw tN¿∂ `mKw \So¬Imew ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n Ingßpw h≈nbpw tN¿∂ `mKw \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an√. bmsXmcp hf-{]-tbmKw Bh-iy-an-√. th\¬Im-eØv Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

66. iXm-hcn (Asparagus Racemosus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`w, Xpem-h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ CS-bm-h-cp-Xv. ]S¿∂p Ibdp∂ h≈n Bb-Xn-\m¬ Xmßp-\¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. hf-{]-tbmKw Bhiy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

67. XIc (Senna Tora) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw-`w aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssX\Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. kqcy-{]-Imiw Dd∏p hcpØ-Ww. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

68. ssakq¿ Noc \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆnf°n X≠v \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. then-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. hf-{]-tbm-Khpw Bh-iy-an-√. th\¬°m-e-Øv Pe-tk-N\w \¬Ip-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 69. Xgp-Xma (Boerhavia Diffusa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssPh-hfw tN¿Øv X≠v \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cpXv. If-Iƒ hf-cm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. \√ kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

70. apcnß (Moringa Pterygosperma) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v, hnØv ]mIn apf-∏n® ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆv Inf®v Cf°n X≠v \Sp-Itbm, hnØv ]mIn apf-∏n®p ssX \Sp-Itbm sNømw. thcpw ]pXnb \mºpw D≠m-Ip∂Xph-scbpw Cu¿∏w D≠m-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd∏p hcp-Øp-I. sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-Iambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fn-epw e`y-am-Wv.

71. kmºm¿ Noc (Talinum Portulacifolium) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®nf°n X≠v \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. XW¬ Bh-iy-amWv. If-Iƒ ]dn-®p-I-f-bp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-Iambn e`y-am-Wv. 72. Nph∂ Noc (Amaranthus Oleracaens) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw ½ ASn Db-c-Øn¬ s_Up-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n hnØp-Iƒ hnX-dp-I. Bh-iy-Øn\v \\hv D≠mbn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. hnØp-Iƒ apf-®-Xn-\p-tijw A[nIw hcp∂ ssXIƒ ]dn-®pam‰n \Smhp-∂-Xm-Wv. Nph-´n¬ sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. Noc Ce-bn¬ B{I-an-°p∂ IoS-ß-sfbpw ]pgp-°-sfbpw \in-∏n-°m≥ t\¿∏n® I™n-sh≈w Xfn-°p-∂Xv DØ-a-amWv. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv. Pe-tk-N\w \S-Øp-tºmƒ Ce-I-fn¬ Xfn®p \\-°p-∂Xv IoS-_m-[sb Ipd-bv°pw. 73. hmg (Musa Paradisiaca) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hmghnØv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw 1½ ASn NXp-c-Øn¬ Ipgn-sb-SpØv hmg-hnØv \Sp-I. AXn-\p-tijw aÆn-´p-aq-Sp-I. ssX BIp-tºmƒ XS-sa-SpØv NmW-Ihpw ssPh-h-fhpw C´p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. ]pdsa ]pX-bn-tS-≠Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 74. tImfn-^vf-h¿ (Brassica Oleracea) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv ]mIn apf-∏n® ssX \So¬Imew ˛ BKvÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿, HIvtSm-_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssXIƒ \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-I. As√-¶n¬ sNSn-®-´n-I-fntem t{Km _mKp-Ifntem \Sp-I. \Sp-∂-Xn\p apºv Xs∂ aÆn¬ ssPh-hfw tN¿°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. IoS-_m[sb AI-‰p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n kao-]-Ømbn _¥n \Sp-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. t\cn´p kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p∂ ÿeØv \Sp-I. ]cn-an-X-amb Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp t\gvkdn-Iƒ, Irjn-`-h≥, Pn√m-Ir-jn-tØm´w F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

75. NXp-c-∏-b¿ (Psophocarpus Tetregonolobus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆv Inf®nf°n hnØv \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-hZ- n-°c - p-Xv. ssPh-hfw {]tbmKw Bh-iy-am-Wv. h≈n-bmbn ]S¿∂p Ibdp∂-Xn-\m¬ Xmßp \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. t\¿∏n® I™n-sh≈w kqtcym-Z-b-Øn\p tijw Xfn-°p-∂Xv IoS_m[ Ipd-°p-∂-Xn\p klm-bn-°pw. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

76. Ip‰n-∏-b¿ (Phaseolus Vulgaris) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆn¬ Db¿∂ XS-ßƒ FSpØv ssPh-hfw DW-°-®m-WIw F∂nh tN¿Øv aÆn-f-°p-I. ]b¿a-Wn-Iƒ XS-ßf - n¬ aÆn-f°n CSp-I. hnØn-´n-Xn-\p-tijw sNdp-Xmbn \\®p sImSp°pI. ]b¿ sN-Sn-bmbXn\p-tijw Bh-iy-Øn\p \\®p sImSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw hnØp¬∏m-Z\ hnX-cW tI{µ-ß-fnepw Irjn-`-h-\n¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

77. _o≥kv (Phaseolus Vulgaris) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n s_Up-I-fm°n aÆn¬ ssPh-hfw tN¿Øn-f°n hnØv \Sp-I. Xmßv Bhiy-am-Wv. t\¿∏n® I™n-sh≈w Xfn-°p-∂Xv IoS-_m-[sb Ipd-bv°pw. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. \So¬ hkvXp hnØp¬∏m-Z\ hnX-cW tI{µ-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv. 78. Aa-cbv° (Lablab Purparerus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ aÆv Inf-®n-f°n ssPh-hfw tN¿Øv hnØv \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imi e`y-X Dd∏phcp-Øp-I. Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ am{Xw cmk-Io-S-\m-in-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. \So¬ hkvXp hnØp¬∏m-Z\ hnX-cW tI{µ-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 79. I{Xn° (Solanum Sps) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØp ]mIn apf-∏n® ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw kqcy-{]-Im-ihpw, \o¿hm¿®bpw Dd-∏p-h-cpØn \Sp-I. sNSn-®-´n-I-fnepw Nm°p-I-fnepw hf¿Ømw. ssPh-hf - {- ]-tbmKw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ^wKkv _m[°v km≤yX D≈-Xn-\m¬ aÆn¬ IpΩmbw tN¿Øv sImSp-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-am-bpw hnØv DXv]mZ\ hnX-cW tI{µ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

80. cma®w (Vertiveria Zizanioides) \So¬hkvXp ˛ IS \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n ssPh-hfw tN¿Øv \Sp-I. Pe-e-`yX Dd∏phcp-Øp-I. sh≈w sI´n\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. asÆm-en∏v XS-bm≥ Ign-hp-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Ncn-hp-I-fn¬ hf¿Øp∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw aq∂m¿, ASn-am-en F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw tiJ-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

81. s\√v (Oryza Sativa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw t]mfn-Øo≥ jo‰v D]-tbm-Kn®v \neØv hb¬t∏mse \n¿Ωn-°p-I. apf∏n® s\¬hn-ØpIƒ hnX-dp-I. kqcy-{]-Im-ihpw Dd∏p hcp-Øp-I. If-\n-b-{¥-Whpw IoS-\n-b-{¥-Whpw Bhiy-am-Wv. \new Hcp-°p-tºmƒ Bh-iy-Øn\p ssPh-hfw tN¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. hnØv {]mtZ-inI-ambn e`y-am-Wv. Irjn-`-h-\n¬ \n∂pw hnØp-Iƒ e`y-am-Wv.

82. tKmXºv (Triticum Aestivum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ \new Inf®v Cf-°ntbm Nm°ntem hnØv \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \new Hcp-°p-tºmƒ aÆn¬ ssPh-hgw tN¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]cn-an-X-amb tXmXn¬ am{Xw. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. IS-bn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂ tKmXºv \So¬ hkvXphmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. h´-h-S-bn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

83. ]\ (Caryota Urenus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw c≠v C\w ]\-I-fp-sSbpw ssX aÆv Cf°n Ipgn-sb-SpØv \Smw. henb hr£-am-Ip-∂-XpsIm≠v Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ \Sp-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. ssXbm-bn-cn°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ th\¬°m-eØv Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp {]tZ-in-Iambn e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 84. dmUnjv (Raphanus Sativus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssPh-hfhpw tN¿Øv s_Uv Xøm-dm-°p-I. s_Un¬ hnØv ]mIn-ap-f∏n® ssX \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. aÆn¬ Cu¿∏w Iq-Sp-X-em-Im-Xn-cn°m≥ {i≤n-°-Ww. ]pgp-°-fpsS B{I-a-WsØ sNdp-°m≥ _¥n, CS°v \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp hnØp¬∏m-Z\ tI{µ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

85. tNmfw (Zea Mays) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n hnØv \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iyam-Wv. IoS-ßsf AI‰n \n¿Øp∂Xn\p-th≠n kao-]-Ømbn _¥n \Sp-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

86. _m¿en (Hordium Vulgare) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n hnØv \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iyam-Wv. IoS-ßsf AI‰n \n¿Øp∂Xn\p-th≠n kao-]-Ømbn _¥n \Sp-I. \So¬ hkvXp Nne Bbp¿thZ IS-I-fn¬ e`y-am-bn-cn-°pw. 87. HmSvkv (Avina Sativa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ aÆv Inf®nf°n hnØv \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-amWv. IoS-ßsf AI‰n \n¿Øp∂Xn\p-th≠n kao-]-Ømbn _¥n \Sp-I. \So¬ hkvXp KLD t_m¿Uv, arKm-ip-]-{Xn-Iƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

88. Ipcp-ap-fIv (Piper Nigram) \So¬hkvXp ˛ thcv ]nSn-∏ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw sNSn-bpsS Nph-´n¬ \n∂pw apf®p hcp∂ Xt≠m, thcp-]n-Sn-∏n® Xt≠m t\csØ Hcp-°nbn-´n-cn-°p∂ ssPh-h-fhpw tN¿Øv \Sp-I. Nm°p-I-fnepw \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xmßp-acw Bhiy-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ aXn-ep-I-fn¬ hf¿Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CSbv°v aÆn¬ IpΩmbw hnXdn sImSp-°p-∂Xv {ZpX-hm´w XS-bp-∂-Xn\v A\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw Irjn-`-h-\n¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 89. {Kmºp (Syzygium Aromaticum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-¨ Bcw`w ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Ipgn-I-fn¬ ssPh-h-fhpw aÆpw \nd®v aqSn ssX \Sp-I. ]pX-bn-Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd∏p hcp-ØpI. Pe-tk-N-\hpw ssPh-h-f-{]-tbm-Khpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. 2˛3 h¿j-tØ°v XW¬ \¬tI-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. \So¬hkvXp t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ e`yam-Wv. 90. Gew (Elettaria Cardamomum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Nnºv (h-f¿s®-sb-Ønb X≠pw, AXn-t\mSp tN¿∂ Nph-´nse ssX) hnØv ]mIn apf-∏n-®ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-¨ Bcw`w 1 ao‰¿ \ofhpw hoXnbpw 1 ½ ASn Bghpw hcp∂ Ipgn-I-fn¬ NmW-Ihpw ssPh-h-fhpw tN¿Øv aqSn-b-tijw Nntºm, ssXtøm \Sp-I. hf¿®-bpsS BZy-L-´-ß-fn¬ Xmßp \¬tI≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. XW¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. th\¬°m-eØv Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. aÆn¬ IpΩmbw tN¿Øv sImSp-°p-∂Xv IpanƒtcmKw XS-bm≥ \√-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX s_¥n ssXItfm Bh-W°v sNSntbm CS-bn¬ \Sp-∂Xv IoS-ßƒ B{I-an-°p-∂Xv XS-bp-∂p. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw Irjn-`-h-\n¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

91. BS-tem-SIw (Justicia Adhatoda) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n X≠v \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. ]d-ºns‚ Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ \Sp-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

92. ]\n-Iq¿° (Plectranthus ambonicus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n X≠v \Sp-I. th\¬°m-eØv Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv. 93. Bcy-th∏v (Azadirachta Indica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssPh-h-fhpw tN¿Øv \Sp-I. A[nI Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-an-√. kqcy-{]Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. ssXbps-S- Np-h-´n¬ A[nIw ssPhmw-itam Petam sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

94. sXm´m-hmSn (Mimosa Pudica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆn¬ sNdnb Ipgn-sb-SpØv sXm´m-hm-Sn-bpsS ssX \Sp-I. {]tXyI If-\n-b-{¥-Wtam IoS-\n-b-{¥-Wtam Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

95. sh‰ne (Piper Betle) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨- B-cw`w aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssPh-h-fhpw tN¿Øv 2 ASn \of-ap≈ X≠v \Sp-I. hr£-ß-fpsS Nph´n¬ \Sp-Itbm Xmßp-\¬Intbm hf¿Ømw. {]tXyI ]cn-Nc - Ww Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv. 96. Xpº (Leucas Aspera) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssX \Sp-I. ssXbm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

97. Acfn (Nerium Indicum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n X≠p \Sp-I. Nph-´n¬ Cu¿∏w Xßn-\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. thenbmbn \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd∏p hcp-Øp-I. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

98. Imin-Øpº (Impatiens Balsamina) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv, ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw aÆv Cf°n hnØv hnX-dp-I-tbm, ssX \Sp-Itbm sNømw. Cu¿∏-ap≈ aÆn¬ \∂mbn hfcp∂p. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y--am-Wv.

99. \ne-∏\ (Curculigo Orchioides) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Cf°n Ingßv \Sp-I. Hcp ]cn-N-c-Whpw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 100. _ntKm-Wnb (Begonia Species) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv, X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf-°nb \netØm sNSn-®-´n-I-fntem \Sm-hp∂XmWv. A[nI Pe-tk-N\w Bhiy--an-√. ssPh-h-f-{]-tbm-Khpw Bh-iy-an-√. XW¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-Iambn e`y-am-Wv. 101. Fcp°v (Calotropis Gigantea) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX, X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n Xt≠m, ssXtøm \Sp-I. IoS-\m-in-\n-{]-tbm-K-ßtfm hf-{]-tbm-K-ßtfm Bh-iy-an-√. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. Nph-´n¬ sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°p-∂Xv Hgn-hm°p-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw \mKm¿÷p\bnepw (sXm-Sp-]p-g) e`y-am-Wv.

102. Aac (Dolichos Lablab) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆv Inf®v Cf°n hnØv \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Pe-tk-N\w ]cn-an-X-amb tXmXn¬ \S-Øp-I. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-inIambn e`y-am-Wv.

103. ap¥ncn (Vitis Vinifera) \So¬hkvXp ˛ thcv ]nSn-∏n´ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n XS-sa-SpØv ssPh-h-fhpw tN¿Øv thcp apf® X≠v \Sp-I. h≈n-bmbn hf-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]¥¬ \¬Ip-I A[nI Pe-tk-N\w ^wKkv _m[bv°v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂Xp-sIm≠v A[nI Pe-tk-N\w Hgn-hm-°p-I. kqcy-{]-Imiw hfsc Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

104. Nn‰-arXv (Tinospora Cordifolia) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n X≠v \Sp-I. Xmßv Bh-iy-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ hr£-ß-fpsS Nph-´n¬ \Sp-∂XmWv DØ-aw. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw AßmSn acp-∂p-I-S-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv. 105. tat¥m∂n (Glorisa Superba) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ing-ßv, hnØv, ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n Ing-tßm, hntØm, ssXtøm \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. Ip‰n-s®-Sn-I-fpsS Nph-´n¬ \Sp-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 106. ssIX (Ananus Comosus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n ssX \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. tXm´-Øns‚ Acn-Ip-Ifn¬ h®p ]nSn-∏n-°p-∂XmWv DØ-aw. Fen-ieyw Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n a™ƒ CSbv°v h®p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

107. XÆn-a-Ø≥ (Citrullus Canatus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv ˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ aÆv Inf®v Cf°n XS-sa-SpØv ssPh-hfw tN¿Øv hnØv \Sp-I. \neØv ]S¿Øn hf¿tØ≠-Xm-Wv. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. CS-hn-´p≈ Pe-tk-N-\-amWv A`n-Im-ayw. \So¬hkvXp hnØv DXv]m-Z\ hnX-cW tI{µ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

108. sXßv (Cocos Nucifera) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw a¨kq¨ Bcw`w Bg-Øn¬ Ipgn-sb-SpØv aÆpw aWepw ssPh-h-fhpw tN¿Øv ssX \Sp-I. ssXbm-bn-cn°p-tºmƒ sh≈w sI´n \n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. ssXbm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ th\¬°meØv XW¬ \¬I-Ww. \So¬hkvXp Irjn-`-h≥, {]mtZ-in-I-am-bpw e`y-am-Wv.

109. PmXn (Myristica Fragrans) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw Bg-Øn¬ Ipgn-sb-SpØv aÆpw aWepw ssPh-h-fhpw tN¿Øv Ipgn-aqSn ssX hbv°p-I. Nph-´n¬ ]pX-bn-Sp-I. A[nIw XWtem A[nI shbntem ]mSn-√. 1˛2 h¿jw hsc th\¬°meØv XW¬ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv. 110. B‰p ssIX (Pandanus Fascicularis) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n X≠v \Sp-I. then-bmbn hf¿Øp∂XmWv DØ-aw. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

111. Iip-amhv (Anacardium Occidentale) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆv Inf®nd°n sNdnb Ipgn-sb-SpØv ssX \Smw. 1˛2 h¿j-ß-fn¬ XW¬ sImSp-t°-≠Xm-Wv. CS-°nsS ]pX-bn-Sp-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. {]tXyI IoS-\n-b-{¥W am¿§-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 112. B∏nƒ (Malus Domestica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w 2 - 2½ ASn hnkvXo¿Æ-Øn¬ Ipgnsb-SpØv aÆn´v AXn¬ ssX \Sp-I. BZy-h¿jßfn¬ XW¬ AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Pe-tk-N\w A[nIw Bh-iy-an-√. th\¬°m-eØv ]pX-bn-Sp-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. \So¬hkvXp t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

113. k_¿Pn¬ (Cydonia Oblonga) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆn-f°n 2 - 2½ ASn Bg-Øn¬ Ipgn-sb-SpØv aÆn-´-tijw AXn¬ ssX \Sp-I. ssXbmbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ XWepw ]pXbn-Sepw Bh-iy-am-Wv. A[nIw Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬hkvXp t\gvkdnIfn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

114. d_¿ (Hevea Brsiliensis) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kqWn\p tijw Bg-Øn¬ Ipgn-sb-SpØv aÆn-´p-aqSn ssX \Sp-I. ssXbm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ XW-ep-sIm-Sp-t°≠-Xm-Wv. Np-h ´-- n¬ If-Iƒ hf-cm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. hf¿®-bpsS L´-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-sa¶n¬ ssPh-hfw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

115. DΩw (Datura Metel) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n ssX \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. kqcy-{]-Imie`yX Dd-∏p-hcp-Øp-I. Nph-´n¬ sh≈w sI´n \n¬°p-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°p-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

116. \mep-a-Wn-s®Sn (Mirabilis Jalapa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ing-ßv, hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n \ne-tØm, sNSn-®-´n-bntem hf¿Ømw. th\¬°m-eØv PetkN\w Bhiy-am-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. kqcy-{]-Imi e`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]tZ-in-I-amtbm t\gvk-dn-I-fn¬ \nt∂m e`y-am-Wv.

117. thß (Pterocarpus Marsupium) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n ssX \Sp-I. ssXbm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ XW¬ sImSp-°p-I. {]tXy-I] - c - nNcWw

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS Bh-iy-an-√. h≥a-ca - m-Ip-∂Xn-\m¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿew sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

118. koX-∏gw (Annona Squmamosa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n ssX \Sp-I. 1˛2 h¿j-ß-fn¬ XW¬ sImSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \o¿hm¿®bpw kqcy-{]-Im-ihpw e`y-Xbpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. ssXbm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Nph-´n¬ sh≈w sI´n\n¬°p-∂Xv XS-bp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw {]mtZ-inIambpw e`y-am-Wv. 119. shf-fne (Mussaenda Frondosa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Iºv \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw Xmfn-bm-bn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ]S¿∂v hf-cp-∂-Xn\m¬ then-bmbn hf¿Ømw.

120. Ac-W-acw (Polyathia Longifolia) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ GXp-k-a-bØpw sNdnb Ipgn-Iƒ FSpØv thcp-]n-Sn-∏n® ssXIƒ \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p∂ ÿeßƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I. {]tXyI hfIoS \nb-{¥W am¿§-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√. t\gvk-dn-Ifn¬ ssX e`y-am-Wv.

121. ajn-Ø≠v sNSn (Pepparomia Pellusia) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xn-√. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn hnØp-hn-X-cWw hgn aXn-ep-Iƒ, a¨Xn-´-Iƒ, acßƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ hf-cp-∂p. ]cn-N-c-W-ßƒ H∂pw C√.

122. HXfw (Cerbera odollam) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX, hnØv CS-Øcw ac-am-Ip-∂X - n-\m¬ AXncp tN¿∂v \Sp-I. Bg-Øn¬ Ipgn-sb-SpØv Cf-°a - p≈ aÆv, aW¬, ssPh-hfw F∂nh \nd®v ssX \Sp-I. [mcmfw Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. hf{]-tbmKw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp Ipa-cI - w, \o≠q¿ t]mse-bp≈ {]tZ-iß - f - n¬ e`yamWv.

123. ]™n (Ceiba pentandra) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX, hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ ag-bv°vtijw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n ssXtøm, hntØm \Sp-I. \o¿hm¿®, kqcy-{]-Imiw F∂nh Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI. hnØv {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv. hf-{]-tbmKw IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww F∂nh Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ am{Xw aXn.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 124. alm-KWn (Swietienia Mahagony) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX, hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ ag-bv°vtijw sNdnb Ipgn-Iƒ aÆn-´p-aqSn ssXIƒ h°p-I. h≥a-c-am-Ip-∂-h-bm¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿeØv thWw \Sm≥. hf-{]-tbmKw IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww F∂nh Bh-iy-an-√. ssXøm-bn-cn°p-tºmƒ th\-en¬ XW¬ \¬Ip-∂Xv \∂v.

125. Iogm¿s\√n (Phyllanthus Amarus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆv Inf-®n-f°n ssXIƒ \Sp-I. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn ssX e`y-amWv. hfw, IoS-\n-b-{¥-Wam¿§-ßƒ H∂pw th≠.

126. ap°p‰n (Biophytum Senitivum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w kz`m-hn-I-ambn shfn-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-I-bm¬ ssXIƒ tiJ-cn®v XW¬ e`n-°p∂ `mK-ß-fn¬ \´p-h-fØp-I. th\-en¬ \in-®p-t]mbn ag-bv°vtijw ]pXn-bXv hf¿∂p-h-cpw. hfw, IoS-\m-in-\n-{]-tbmKw th≠.

127. hnjw-sIm√n (Mukulen Bebiasps) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw \neØpw sNSn-®-´n-I-fnepw \Smw. \new aÆn-f°n ssPh-hfw tN¿Øv X≠p-Iƒ \Sp-I. ]cn-an-X-amb tXmXn¬ am{Xw \\ aXn. a‰p hf-Io-S-\n-b-{¥-W-am¿§-ßƒ H∂pw th≠. \So¬ hkvXp t\gvk-dn-I-fnepw {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw e`y-am-Wv.

128. Ip‰n-∏me \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kqWn\p ijw Ipgn-I-sf-SpØv ta¬aÆv \nd®v ssX \Sp-I. ]cn-N-c-W-ßƒ H∂pw th≠. ssXIƒ {]mtZin-I-ambn h\-ß-fn¬ \nt∂m ]d-ºp-I-fn¬ \nt∂m tiJ-cn-°p-I. 129. apb¬ sNhn-b≥ (Emilia Sonchifolia) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w kz`m-hn-I-ambn shfn-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂p. aÆv Inf-®n-f°n \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cnN-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-°pw.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 130. hbºv (Acorus Calamus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ {]I-µw, `qImWvUw \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n {]Iµw \Sp-I. Pe-tk-N\w hfsc Bh-iy-am-Wv. \neØv ]S¿∂p-h-fcp∂hbm-b-Xp-sIm≠v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿew Xncs™Sp°p-I. kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-amWv. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-am-bepw Bbp¿thZ acp-∂p-I-S-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv. NXp-∏p-t]mse-bp≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬ hfsc thKw hf-cpw. 131. {_“n (Bacopa Monnieri) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Cfw X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw Ipf-ß-fpsS Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ \Sp-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. [mcmfw Pe-tk-N\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. XW¬ hfsc Bh-iy-am-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

132. IpS-ß¬ (Centella Asiatica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw XW¬ In´p∂ ÿeØv aÆn-f°n \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. hrØnbp≈ ÿeØv thKw hf-cpw. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

133. AcpX (Auta Graveolens) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX, hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn\v tijw ssPhmwiw Ipd-hp≈ ÿeØv \Sp-I. XW¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. A[nIw Pe-tk-N-\hpw Bhiy-an-√. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw Bbp¿th-Z-I-S-I-fnepw e`y-am-Wv.

134. Icn-tßm´ (Samadera Indica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw ssXbm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ XW¬ \¬I-Ww. hf-{]-tbmKw Bh-iy-an-√. henb ac-ambn hf-cp∂-Xn-\m¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿeØv \Sp-I. \So¬ hkvXp \mKm¿Pp\ (sXmSp-]p-g) bn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

135. Xm∂n (Terminulia Bellirica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨Imew aÆn¬ Ipgn-sb-SpØv ta¬aÆv C´v aqSn ssX \Sp-I. h≥hr-£a - m-Ip-∂X - n-\m¬ A\p-tbm-Pyamb CSw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I. 1˛2 h¿jw hsc XW¬ \¬Ip-I. Pe-tk-N\w Ipd-®p-aX - n. hf-{]tbmKw th≠. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-Ia - mbn e`y-am-Wv. t^mdÃv t\gvkd - n-If - nepw e`y-am-Wv.

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Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 136. apkm≥U (Musanda Frondosa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v/Iºv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨Imew sNdnb Ipgn-Iƒ FSpØv aÆn´v aqSn HcSn \ofw hcp∂ X≠v \Sp-I. ssX Bbn-cn-°ptºmƒ XW¬ \¬Ip-I. hf-{]-tbmKw IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-am¿§-ßƒ th≠n hcn-√. ssXIƒ {]mtZ-in-Iw, t\gvkdn F∂n--ßs\ e`y-am-Wv.

137. kvt{Sm_dn (Frageria Indica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw \netØm, sNSn-®-´n-I-fntem hf¿Ømw. aÆv Inf®v hc-ºp-t]msebm°n Hc-Sn-A-I-e-Øn¬ sNdnb ssXIƒ \Sp-I. Nph-´n¬ ]pX-bn-Sp-∂Xv ImbvIƒ Agp-Ip-∂Xpw ssX Agp-Ip-∂Xpw XS-bpw. \nb-{¥nX Af-hn¬ \\-bv°p-I. ssXIƒ t\gvk-dn-Iƒ, tlm¿´n-tIm¿∏v F∂n-hn-Sß-fn¬ e`y-am-Wv.

138. aWn-πm‚ v (Musanda Frondosa) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v/Iºv \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨Imew sNdnb Ipgn-Iƒ FSpØv aÆn´v aqSn HcSn \ofw hcp∂ X≠v \Sp-I. ssX Bbn-cn-°ptºmƒ XW¬ \¬Ip-I. hf-{]-tbmKw IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-am¿§-ßƒ th≠n hcn-√. ssXIƒ {]mtZ-in-Iw, t\gvkdn F∂n--ßs\ e`y-am-Wv.

139. Acn∏q (Lantana Camara) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v, hnØv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n sNdnb X≠v \Sp-I. bmsXmcp ]cn-N-c-Whpw th≠. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZin-I-ambn e`n-°pw. 140. Npcbv° (Lagenaria ticeraria) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv, ssX \So¬Imew ˛ BKÃv, sk]v‰w-_¿ sNdnb XS-ßƒ FSptØm N´n-I-fntem \Smw. Xmßv e`y-am-°-Ww. IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn\v ^nd-tam¨ sIWntbm kz`m-hnI IoS-\n-b-{¥W am¿§-ßtfm Ah-ew-_n-°p-I. hnØp¬∏mZ\ hnX-cWtI-{µ-ß-fn¬ hnØv e`n-°pw. {]mtZ-in-I-ambpw e`n-°pw. 142. s\√n (Phyllanthus Emblica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw aÆv Inf-®n-f°n hnØv, Iºv F∂ne \Sp-I. hfw IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-am¿§-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√. t\gvk-dn, {]mtZ-inIw F∂n-ßs\ e`y-am-Wv.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

60

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 143. ]pfn-bm-dne (Oxalis Corniculata) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ kz`m-hn-I-ambn hf-cp-∂-h-bm-Wv. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn tiJ-cn®v XW¬ e`yamIp-∂-bn-S-ß-fn¬ \Sp-I. hfw, IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww F∂nh Bh-iy--an-√. Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ Fhn-sSbpw e`y-am-Wv.

144. apdn-Iq´n (Hemigraphis Colorata) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw N´n-I-fnepw \neØpw hf¿Ømw. Cf-°-ap≈ aÆn¬ sNdnb X≠p-Iƒ \Sp-I. sNdn-b-tXmXn¬ am{Xw \\-bv°p-I. hfw, IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww F∂nh Bhiyan√. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn \So¬ hkvXp e`y-am-Wv. 145. ]∂¬ (Nephrolepis Sps) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]d-ºp-I-fn¬ hf-cp∂ ]∂-ep-I-fpsS ssX ]dn®v \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-NcWw Bh-iy-an-√. XWepw Cu¿∏-hp-ap≈ ÿeØv \Sp-∂-XmWv DNn-Xw.

146. Cu¥v (Cycas Circinalis) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw aÆp-In-f®v Cf°n ssX \Sp-I. tXm´-Øns‚ Acn-Ip-If - n¬ \Sp-∂X - mWv DØ-aw. c≠v aq∂v h¿j-ßf - n¬ Petk-N\ - hpw ]pX-bn-Sepw \S-Øp-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-Ia - mbn e`y-amWv.

147. Im\-hmg (Cana Indica) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n Ingßv \Sp-I. Pe-tk-N\w Bhiyam-Wv. \So¬hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

148. Imt_Pv (Brossica Oleracea) \So¬hkvXp ˛ hnØv apf-∏n® ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq-Wn-\p-tijw aÆv Inf®v Cf°n \netØm As√-¶n¬ Nm°p-I-fntem \Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \√ kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. PetkN\w hfsc Ipd-®v. ]pgp-°-fpsS B{I-a-WØns\ XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n kao-]Øv _¥n ssXIƒ h®p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp hnØp-hn¬∏\ tI{µ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Wv.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

61

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS 149. IdpI (Cynodon Dactylon) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ]p√ns‚ IS \So¬Imew ˛ F√m-°m-eØpw aÆn-f°n \Sp-I. {]tXyI ]cn-Nc - Ww Bh-iy-an-√. kqcy-{]-Imiw e`n-°p∂ ÿeØv \SpI. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn \So¬ hkvXp tiJ-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

150. Ipdp-t¥m´n (Sida Rhomfolia) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ F√m°meØpw aÆn-f°n ssX \Sp-I. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn hf-cp∂ sNSn-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ {]tXyI ]cn-]m-e\w Bh-iy-an-√. kqcy-{]-Im-i-e`yX Dd∏p hcp-Øp-I. hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

151. apØß (Cyperus Rotundus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ Ingßv \So¬Imew ˛ F√m°meØpw aÆn-f°n A¬∏w XW¬ e`n-°p∂ ÿeØv \Sp-I. sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°cp-Xv. kz`mhn-I-ambn hf-cp-∂-h-bm-Wv. \So¬ hkvXp°ƒ {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv.

152. t{Imt´m¨ sNSn (Codiacum Varigatum) \So¬hkvXp ˛ X≠v \So¬Imew ˛ F√m°meØpw aÆn-f°n ssX \Sp-I. kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Pe-tk-N\w ]cn-an-X-ambn \¬Ip-I. \So¬ hkvXp {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`y-am-Wv. {]tXyI hf-{]-tbm-Kw Bhiy-an-√.

153. Akv{X-]p√v kz`m-hn-I-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ]p¬h¿§-amWv. {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-an-√. {]mtZ-in-Iambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

154. ªm°v s_dn (Rubus Fruticosus) \So¬hkvXp ˛ ssX \So¬Imew ˛ a¨kq¨ Bcw`w aÆv Inf®v Cf°n XS-ßƒ FSpØv ssXtøm thcp-ap-f® Xt≠m \Sp-I. 1˛ 1 ½ h¿j-ßfn¬ ]pX-bn-Sp-I. \nb-{¥nX Pe-tk-N-\-amWv DØ-aw. \So¬ hkvXp Im¥-√q¿

155. tdmtUm sU≥t{Um¨ (Ae-kn-∏q-a-cw) (Rodo dendrons) \So¬hkvXp ˛ \So¬Imew ˛ Øn¬ amXv]w hf-cp-∂p.

ssX ]›n-a-L-´-Øns‚ am{Xw {]tXy-I-X-bmWv. 3500 ASn Db-c-

156. IWn-s°m∂ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

62

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS ie-`-ßƒ˛Blm-c-k-ky-ßfpw cq]m-¥-cW kky-ßfpw {Ia\-º¿

Name

Feeding Plants

1

\mc-I-°mfn

sNº-cØn aµmcw cmP-a√n sX‰n apkm¥ Cu¿∏-ap≈ aÆn¬ \n∂pw Pew hen®p IpSn-°¬ ˛ ˛ IrjvW-In-coSw Acn-∏q-s®Sn kqcy-Im¥n ko\nb s]cp-h√w Nnc-h-∏qhv

2 3 4

IrjvW-i-e`w Kcp-V-i-e`w \m´p-tdmkv

5

hnd-hm-e≥

6 7

\mcI ie`w IWn-s°m∂ ie`w

˛ ˛

8 9

a™-∏p≈n ie`w a™-∏m-∏mØn

10 11 12 13

]p≈n-]m-∏mØn sh≈-i-e`w Icn-bne ie`w Hme ie`w

˛ ]qhmw-Ip-cp-∂ne ap°p‰n IΩ¬∏qhv ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

14 15 16 17 18

Xhn-S≥ sh≈-°-dp-º≥ ]p≈n-s®-º≥ sh≈n-e-tØmgn Nn{X-I≥

˛ ˛ Xpº, apb¬s®-hn-b≥ ˛ ac-°d

19

`q]-S-i-e`w

˛

20

sNº≥ ISph

˛

21 22

hc-b≥ ISph Ac-fn-i-e`w

˛ ˛

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

Breading Plants

\mcIw ]mW¬

Kcp-V-s°mSn Ip‰n-°-dph

Ac-W-acw AØn NºIw koX-∏gw hg\ ˛ a™-Ø-Ic s]m≥X-Ic N{I-Ø-Ic B\-Ø-Ic XIc hmI Im´p-h≈n Im´p-I-SpIv ]p¬s®Sn sXßv, IapIv De-´n-∏\ Cu¥-∏\ Im´p-sXßv ˛ s\¬s®Sn ]mj≥{^q´v apcn°v aqkm¥ Bh-W-°v B¬h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ kky-ßƒ Fcn°v s]m∂-cfn ]m¬h≈n \dp-\o≠n 63

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

23

Xpjm-c-i-e`w

˛

24 25 26

Icn-the \oen ]p≈n-°p-™≥ ]b¿ \oen

˛ ˛ ˛

27 28

sN¶pdº≥ s]m´p-hm-em´n

˛ sXm´m-hmSn hmSmap√

29

tNcm-®n-d-I≥

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

sNºp-≈n-s∏m-´≥ ic-i-e`w Im´p-h≈n hc-b≥ s]m¥-Nn-∂≥ a™p-Xp≈n ie`w sNΩn-∂≥ CcpØ-e®n ]´m-Wn-\oen

aWn-∏n-c-≠n, Im´n©n Im´p-a-™ƒ, iwJp-]pjv]w ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ IΩyq-WnÃv ]® ˛ ˛

38

sNºp≈n ie`w

˛

39 40 41 42

h\-\oen \m¬°Æn am¥fn¿ ie`w Icn-\o-e-°-Sph

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

43 44

Nn∂-∏p¬ \oen \oe-°Sph

45

\oe°pSp°

˛ s]cp-h√w Bhmcw ]qhv ]qt¥≥

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

]pen-ssØ-ø≥ XI-c-apØn hnem-kn\n \m´p-tIm-amfn \o¿am-Xf ie`w \mtSmSn ie`w sh≈-°p-dp-º≥ sN©n-d-I≥ ]q¶Æn

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

]mdIw Ce™n h≈n-∏me Im®n¬ h¿§Øn¬s∏´ kky-ßƒ Icn-thew Ipdp-t¥m´n ]b¿h¿K-Øn¬ s∏´ kky-ßƒ ˛ Ip∂n, πmiv, Dßv Atim-Iw, Ccpƒ Gew, Ipcp-hn-enwKw Iqh, Im´p-Iqh C©n, Im´n©n Ce-ap-f®n ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ sNº-cØn NaX ]´mWn ]b¿ Inep°n ]qh-civ Iip-amhv t]c ˛ ˛ ˛ A∏q-∏≥ XmSn-h¿§ Øn¬ s∏´ kky-ßƒ hb¬®p≈n ˛ Ipf-amhv Ac-W-acw hg\ ˛ ˛ CØnƒ°Æn ˛ Im°-sØm≠n Im¿tØm´n Imcocw

Blm-c-k-ky-ßƒ (Feeding Plants) ie-`-ßƒ Blm-c-am°p∂ kkyßsfbpw cq]m-¥-c-W-kky-ßƒ (Breading Plants) ie-`-ßƒ ap´-bn-Sp-∂Xpw ]pgp-°ƒ Blm-c-am-°p-∂-Xp-amb kky-ß-sfbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

NB:

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

64

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

ie`]m¿°v ]q°sf t]mse kpµ-c-amWv ie-`-ßfpw. Ah-bn-√mØ temIw F{X hnc-k-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]q°tfm-sSm-∏-amWv ]qºm-‰-bpw. ie-`-ß-fpsS sshhn[ysØ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw Ahsb Xncn-®-dn-bp∂-Xn\pw \ap°v Igntb-≠-X-s√. AXn\v Hmtcm ie`-Øn-s‚bpw t]cpw Ah-bpsS Blm-chpw, ]yq∏bpsS Blm-c-k-kyhpw Xncn-®-dn™v Ah kvIqƒ hf-∏n¬ h®p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-I. ]m¿°v ]q¿Øn-bm-bm¬ ie-`-ßƒ FØn tX≥ \pI-cm\pw Ah-bpsS sNSn-I-fn¬ ap´-bn-Sm\pw XpS-ßpw. Cu {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ°v klm-b-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ ImWp∂ 54 ie-`-ßfpsS t]cv, Blm-cw, Blm-c-kkyw XpS-ßnb hnh-c-ßƒ X∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv \nßƒ°p-]-I-cn-°pw. ie-`-ß-fpsS kam[n-Z-i-bn¬ Ccn-°p∂ sNSn-bpsS Iºv apdn-s®-SpØv Zzmc-an´πmÃnIv IqSn¬ kq£n®v hncn™p hcp-tºmƒ \n¿Ωn® ie-`-]m¿°n¬ Xpd-∂p-hn-Smw.

1. \mc-I-°mfn Common Name

:

Common Mormon

Scientific Name

:

Papilio Polytes

Wingspan

:

90-100 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

B¨ ie-`-ßƒ°v \√ Idp∏v\n-d-amWv ap≥Nn-d-Ins‚ HmcØv \ncbmbn sh≈-∏p-≈n-Ifpw ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ a≤y-Øn-embn Hcp hcn shfpØ s]m´p-Ifpw ImWmw. s]¨i-e`w aq∂v \nd-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂p. (tdm-kv, N°-c-tdm-kv, Idp-∏v) F√m Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-I-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. hfsc thK-Øn-emWv Ch-bpsS ]d-°¬ sNº-c-Øn, aµm-cw, cmP-a-√n, sX‰n, apkm¥ F∂n-h-bnse tX≥, Cu¿∏ap≈ aÆn¬ \n∂pw sh≈w hen®p IpSn-bv°phm\pw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. Idn-th-∏n-e-bmWv \mc-I-°m-fn-bpsS {][m\ Blm-c-kkyw (\m-c-Iw, ]mW¬ F∂n-h-bnepw cq]m-¥-cWw \S-Øp-∂p) ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v Nmc-\n-dhpw ]n∂oSv ]®-\n-d-hp-amWv ]yq∏bv°v ]®-\n-damWv

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

65

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

2. IrjvW-i-e`w Common Name

:

Blue Mormon

Scientific Name

:

Papilio Polymnestor

Wingspan

:

120-150 mm

Bhm-k-hy-hÿ : ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

an∂p∂ Idp-∏p\n-d-am¿∂ ]pdw Nnd-Ip-I-fn¬ BIm-i-\o-ena Ie¿∂p-Im-Wmw. ]n≥Nn-d-Inse \oen-a-bn¬ IdpØ ]p≈n-Iƒ D≠v. ap≥]n≥ Nnd-Ip-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°p-∂n-SØv ISpw Nph∏v ]p≈n-Iƒ D≠v. \\-hm¿∂ h\m-¥-c-ß-tfmSv {]tXyI CjvSw. \K-c-ß-fnepw Chsb ImWmw. IqSmsX ]qt¥m-´-Ønse \nXy kµ¿iI-cmWv Ch¿ thK-Øn¬ s]mßnbpw XmWpw Hcp {]tXy-I-Xm-f-Øn¬ ]d-°p-∂p. sNº-c-Øn, aµm-cw, sX‰n F∂n-h-bnse tX≥, h\y-Po-hn-I-fpsS ImjvTß-fn¬ \n∂pw ssPhm-h-in-jvS-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Cu¿∏w hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂p. \mc-I-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬s∏´ kky-ß-fmWv Ch-bpsS {][m\ Blm-c-kky-ßƒ ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v Nmc-\n-dhpw ]n∂oSv Xnf-ßp∂ ]®-\n-dhpw ]yq∏ ˛ ]®-\n-d-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]yq∏ sXm´n¬ Nc-Sn¬ Xe-Io-gmbn InS-°p-∂p.

3. Kcp-U-i-e`w Common Name

:

Southern Birdwing

Scientific Name

:

Troides minos

Wingspan

:

140-190 mm

Bhm-k-ÿew Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

C¥y-bnse Nn-{X-ie - `- ß - f - nse G‰hpw henb ie-`ß - ƒ ap≥Nn-dI - p-Iƒ°v an∂p∂ Idp-∏p-\n-dw, ]n≥Nn-dI - p-Iƒ°v kz¿Æ-h¿Æw Ie¿∂ a™-\ndw tIc-f-Øn¬ Atßm-f-an-tßmfw Chsb ImWm-dp≠v sNº-c-Øn, sNØn, sX‰n, cmP-a√n F∂n-hbn¬ tX\p-Æm≥ FØmdp≠v {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂Xv Kcp-U-s°m-Sn-bnemWv ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v Idp-∏p-\n-d-am-Wv. ico-c-Øn¬ c≠p hcn-I-fn-embn kv]¿in\n-Iƒ ImWp--∂p. ico-c-Øns‚ a[y-`mKØmbn hoXn-bp≈ aßnb shfpØ-]m-Spw, A‰Øv Nph∂ s]m´p-Ifpw Im-Wmw. ]yq∏ ˛ Cfw ]®-\n-dtam a™-I-e¿∂ Imhn-\n-dtam BWp-≈-Xv. klym{Zn-bnse X\Xp Nn{X-i-e`-ß-fm-Wnh

4. \m´p-tdmkv Common Name

:

Common Rose

Scientific Name

:

Pachliota aristolochiae

Wingspan

:

80-110 mm

hfsc km[m-c-W-bmbn ImWp∂ Hcp Nn{X-i-e-`-am-Wn-Xv. ap≥-˛-]n≥ NndIp-Iƒ°v \√ Idp∏v \ndw. ]n≥ Nnd-Inse Idp-∏p-\n-d-Øn¬ GXm≠v

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

66

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

Bhm-k-ÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

a[y-Øn-embn \mtem At©m shfpØ tKm]n-°p-Øp-Ifpw Nnd-Ip-If - psS Hmcw tN¿∂v ISpØ Nph∂ ]p≈n-I-fp-ap-≠v. ico-c-Øn\v ISpw Nph-∏p\n-dw. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ sNdp-In-fn-hm-ep-Iƒ ImWmw. \m´n≥ ]pd-ß-fnepw \K-cßfnepw h\m-¥-c-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. A[nIw Db-c-Øn-e-√msX ]d∂p \S-°p∂p IrjvW-In-co-Sw, Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, sX‰n, kqcy-Im¥n, ko\nb F∂n-h-bnse tX≥ \pI-cm-dp≠v Kcp-U-s°m-Sn-bnepw Ip‰n-°-dp-h-bn-ep-amWv Ch {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂-Xv. ie-`∏ - p-gp-hns‚ ]pd-Øm-Ia - m\w Ip™p-ap-≈p-Ifpw DZ-c` - m-KØv hoXn-bn¬ shfpØ ]´-Im-Wmw. ]yq∏ ˛ Icn-bn-e-h¿Æw

5. hnd-hm-e≥ Common Name

:

Talied Jay

Scientific Name

:

Graphium agamemnon

Wingspan

:

80-100 mm

: : : :

]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v Ccp≠ Idp-∏p-\n-dw. CXn¬ Xnf-ßp∂ ]®-\n-d-Ønep≈ ]p≈n-Ifpw hc-Ifpw ]mSp-Ifpw D≠v. Nnd-Ip-Iƒ A‰w Iq¿Øv \of-ap-≈Xpw A‰Øv N{µ-°-e-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn¬ ]®-s∏m-´p-I-fp-ap-≠v. Im\-\-ß-fnepw \\-hm¿∂ ÿe-ß-fnepw hfsc thK-Ønep≈ ]d-°¬ Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, AØn, sNº-cØ - n, s]cp-h√ - , Nnc-h∏ - qhv F∂n-hb - nse tX≥ Ac-W-a-cw, AØn, Nº-Iw, koX-∏-gw, hg\ XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv {]P-\\kkyßƒ ie-`-∏pgp ˛ Ccp≠ ]®-\n-dw, apXp-In¬ Ahy-‡-amb a™-∏m-Sp≠v ]yq∏ ˛ Infn-∏® \nd-Ønepw Xnf-ßp∂ a™ \nd-Ønepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Bhm-k-ÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

6. \mc-I-i-e`w Common Name

:

Lime Butterfly

Scientific Name

:

Papilio demoleus

Wingspan

:

80-100 mm

Bhm-k-ÿew

:

]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v Idp-∏p-\n-dw. ]pdw-Nn-dIv a™-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ ]p≈n-Ifmepw ]mSp-I-fmepw \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ]pXp-i-e-`-ß-fn-ep≈ sh≈-s∏m´p-Iƒ Ime-{I-taW ISpØ a™-\n-d-am-Ip-∂p. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ Cfw a™-\n-d-Øn¬ \oe, Nph∏v \nd-ap≈ s]m´p-Iƒ ImWmw. ico-c-Øn¬ \ndsb IpdpsI a™ hc-I-fp-≠v. hc≠ ]p¬ta-Sp-Iƒ apX¬ \\-hm¿∂ h\m-¥-c-ßƒ hsc Chsb ImWmw.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

67

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS ]d-°¬

:

Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Ae-k-K-a\w \S-Øm-dp≈ Ch shbn-en\p NqtS-dp-tºmƒ thK-Øn¬ ]d∂p \S-°p-∂p. sX‰n, cmP-a-√n, sNº-c-Øn, Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏qhv F∂n-h-bnse tX≥, Cu¿∏w \mc-I-amWv {][m\ Blm-c-kkyw ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ BZy-L-´-h-f¿®-bn¬ ]£n-Im-jvT-tØmSv kmay-ap≈ \ndhpw ]n∂oSv Xnf-ßp∂ ]®-\n-d-hp-am-Wv. ]yq∏ ˛ ]®-\ndw

7. IWn-s°m∂ -i-e`w Common Name

:

Common Emigrant

Scientific Name

:

Catopsilia pomona

Wingspan

:

55-80 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Nn{X-i-e-`-Øn\v hnhn[ \nd-t`-Z-ß-fp-≠v. (Xq-sh≈ \mc-ß-a-™, ]®-Ie¿∂ Xnf-ßp∂ a™) B¨ ie-`-Øns‚ ap≥ Nnd-Ip-I-fn¬ t\¿Ø Idp-Ø-h-cbpw s]¨i-e-`-ß-fn¬ hoXn-Iq-Snb IdpØ hcbpw ImWp∂p. tIc-f-Ønse F√m Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-I-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXn-th-K-Øn¬ ]d-∂p-\-S-°p∂p sNº-c-Øn, ko\n-b, Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏qhv F∂n-h-bnse tX\pw IqSmsX \\™ aÆn¬ \n∂p≈ Cu¿∏hpw {][m\ Blm-c-kkyw IWn-s°m-∂-bmWv. Ch-Iq-SmsX a™-Ø-I-c, s]m≥X-I-c, N{I-Ø-I-c, B\-Ø-Ic F∂n-h-bnepw {]P-\\w \S-Øp∂p. ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ ]®-∏p-gp, Iog-‰-Ømbn IdpØ hc-Iƒ ]yq∏ ˛ Cfw a™-\n-d-tam, ]®-\n-dtam BWv.

8. a™-∏p≈n -i-e`w Common Name

:

Mottled Emigrant

Scientific Name

:

Catopsilia pyranthe

Wingspan

:

50- 70 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : : :

Ch-bpsS ]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v hnf-dnb shfp-∏p-\n-d-am-Wv. ASn-`mKw ]®Ie¿∂ a™ \nd-Øn-emWv ImWp-∂Xv NndIp ]q´p-tºmƒ ]n≥Nn-d-Inse {][m\ Rc-ºn-\-SpØv a™-∏p≈n ImWmw. tIcfØnse GXp Imem-h-ÿ-bnepw GXp {]tZ-iØpw ImWp-∂h hfsc thK-Øn¬ Nm™pw Ncn™pw Iq∏p-Ip-Ønbpw ]mdn \S-°p∂p ]q°-fnse tX≥, \\™ aÆnse Cu¿∏w IWn-s°m∂, N{I-Ø-I-c, B\-Ø-I-c, XIc F∂n-h-bn¬ {]P-\\w \SØp∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

68

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ BZy-L-´-h-f¿®-bn¬ a™ Ie¿∂ ]®-\n-dhpw ]q¿Æ-hf¿®-sb-Øn-bm¬ Xnf-ßp∂ ]®-\n-d-hp-amWv. Xebv°v a™-\n-d-amWv D≠m-hp-I.

9. a™-]m-∏mØn Common Name

:

Common Grass yellow

Scientific Name

:

Eurema hecabe

Wingspan

:

40-50 mm

Bhm-k-ÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Xnf-ßp∂ a™-\n-dw, NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ Acn-In¬ IdpØ hc-bp-≠v. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ Ahy-‡-ambn IdpØ ]p≈n-Iƒ Aßn-ßmbn NnXdn-In-S-°p-∂p. Xpd- mb s]m¥-Iƒ, ]p¬°q-´ßƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnepw I≠p-h-cp∂p hfsc Xmgv∂v ]p¬\m-ºp-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS sNdp-]q-°-fnse tX≥ (]qhmw Ip∂n-e-∏q, ap°p-‰n, IΩ¬∏qhv, Nnc-h∏qhv, Acn-∏q-s®Sn etc) IWn-s°m-∂, N{I-Ø-I-c, s]m≥X-I-c, cmP-a-√n, hmI etc F∂n-h-bn¬ {]P-\\w ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ ]®-\ndw, Ccp-h-iØpw t\¿Ø shfpØ hc-I-fp-≠v.

10. ]p≈n-∏m-∏mØn Common Name

:

Three spot grass yellow

Scientific Name

:

Eurema blanda

Wingspan

:

40- 50 mm

Bhm-k-ÿew ]d-°¬ cq]m-¥-cWw

: : :

Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v ISpw a™ \nd-am-Wv. Nnd-In¬ \\pØ ]p≈n-°p-Øp-≠v. IÆ-d-bnse IdpØ ]p≈n°pØpw Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºm-fp≈ ap≥Nn-d-Inse IÆ-d-bnse aq∂v Idp-Ø-s]m´pw a™-∏m-∏m-Øn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]p≈n-∏m∏m-Ønsb hyXy-kvX-am-°p-∂p. h\m-¥-c-ß-fnepw, \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw hr£-Ø-e-∏p-Iƒ°p-aosX ]mdn-\-S-°p∂p Im´p-h≈n (Wagatra spicta) bn¬ {]P-\\w \S-Øp∂p ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ t\¿Ø ]®-\n-d-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂p ]yq∏ ˛ ]m¬]-®-\n-d-Øntem Cfw-a-™-\n-d-Øntem ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

11. shÆ-i-e`w Common Name

:

Psyche

Scientific Name

:

Leptosia nina

Wingspan

:

35- 50 mm

NndIv Xpd-°p-tºmƒ Xqsh≈ \nd-am-Wv. Nnd-ISbv°p-tºmƒ a™ Ie¿∂ shfp-∏n¬ ]cp-]-cpØ Cfw]®-\ndw ImWmw. sh≈-bn¬ Idp-

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

69

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

Bhm-k-ÿew ]d-°¬

: :

Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: :

Ø-I-cbpw,I-dpØ ]p≈n-Ifpw shÆie-`sØ IqSp-X¬ at\m-l-cn-bm°p-∂p. Xpd- mb ]d-ºp-I-fnepw s]m¥-I-fnepw ImWp∂p \ne-tØmSv tN¿∂p≈ ]d-°-em-Wn-hbv°v, kmh-[m-\ta ]d-°q. Nnet∏mƒ Db-c-ß-fnepw ]d∂v \S-°m-dp-≠v. sNdp-]q-°-fnse tX≥ \pI-cm-\m-WnjvSw Im´p-I-Sp-ImWv {][m\ {]P-\-\-k-kyw, IqSmsX \o¿am-X-fw, Imco-cw F∂n-h-bnepw {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂p. ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ Nmcw Ie¿∂ Cfw-]-®-\ndw ]yq∏ ˛ Cfw-]-®-\ndw

12. Icn-bn-e-i-e`w Common Name

:

Common Evening Brown

Scientific Name

:

Melanitis leda

Wingspan

:

60 - 80 mm

Bhm-kÿew Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Xhn´ns‚ hyXy-kvX\ - n-dß - f - n¬ ImW-s∏--Sp-∂p. ]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v ISpØ Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv. ap≥Nn-d-In¬ ISpØ Hmd-©p-\n-dhpw Ie¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ap≥]n≥ Nnd-Ip-If - n¬ 6˛8 hsc IÆ-Sb - m-fß - ƒ \\-hm¿∂ ImeØv hy‡ambn ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°pw. XW-en-S-ß-fn¬ {]tXy-In®v Icn-bne CSp-°n¬ No™-fn™ ]g-ß-fnse kØv hen-®p-Ip-Sn-°pI, I≈v IpSØnse I≈v \pI-cpI F∂n-h-bmWv Blm-c-k-ºm-Z-\w. hnhn-[-bn\w ]p¬s®-Sn-I-fn-emWv Ch {]P-\\w \-Øp-∂-Xv. ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ XØ-∏® \ndw, Xe-bn¬ 2 sImºp-Iƒ ]yq∏ ˛ ]-®-\ndw

13. Hme-i-e`w Common Name

:

Common palmfly

Scientific Name

:

Elymnias hypermenstra

Wingspan

:

58 - 70 mm

Bhm-k-ÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : :

B¨s]¨ ie-`-ßƒ Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ Htc \nd-amWv. I∏-e≠n h¿Æw Ie¿∂ Xhn-´p-\n-dw. CXn¬ sh≈-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Hme-ie - ` - sØ \m´n≥]p-dß - f - nepw \K-cß - f - nepw h\m-¥c - ß - f - nepw ImWp∂p. shbn-e-[nIw C√mØ ÿe-ß-fn¬ Ae-k-K-a\w \S-Øp∂p. No™-fn™ ]g-ß-fpsS kØv ]\-h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ (sX-ßv, Iap-Iv, De-´n-∏-\, Cu¥-∏-\, Im´p-sX-ßv, DZym-\-ß-fnse Ae-¶mc∏\-Iƒ) kky-ß-fn¬ {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

70

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ XØ-]-®-\n-dw, NXp-cm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ Xe-bn¬ Nph∂ sImºpI-fp-≠v. hi-ß-fn¬ a™ hc-Ifpw ]pdØv a™bpw Hmd©pw \nd-Ønep-≈ ]p≈n-Ifpw ]mSp-Ifpw ImWmw. ]yq∏ ˛ Infn-]® \nd-Øn¬ Nph∏pw a™bpw ]p≈n-Iƒ ImWmw

14. Xhn-S≥ Common Name

:

Common Bush Brown

Scientific Name

:

Mycalesis perseus

Wingspan

:

38 - 55 mm

Bhm-k-ÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv. Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°p apI-fn-embn Hmtcm IÆp-Iƒ ImWmw. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ (\-\-hm¿∂ Ime-ß-fn¬) ap≥Nnd-In¬ \n∂v ]n≥Nn-d-In-te°v a≤y--`m-K-Ø-p-IqSn \ofp∂ Hcp shfp-Ø-hc ImWmw. IqSmsX sh≈-∏m-Sp-Iƒ D≈ IdpØ I¨h-e-b-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Icn-bne hoWp-In-S-°p∂ \S-∏m-X-Iƒ, \\-hm¿∂ {]tZ-i-ßƒ, s]m¥°m-Sp-Iƒ etc kmh-[m-\-Øn-ep≈ sX∂n-\o-ß¬ No™-fn™ ]g-ßf - nse kØv, Pohn-If - psS ImjvTØ - n¬ \n∂pw ssPhmh-in-jvS-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ kØv F∂nh hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂p. ]p¬h¿§-k-ky-ß-fmWv {]P-\-\-kkyw ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ Xhn-´p-\ndw ]yq∏ ˛ ]pdØv Xhn-´p-\n-d-amWv

15. sh≈-°-dp-º≥ Common Name

:

Nigger

Scientific Name

:

Orsotrioena medus

Wingspan

:

45 - 55 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : :

NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ Idp∏p Ie¿∂ Ccp≠ Xhn´p \nd-am-Wp-≈X - v. NndIv Xpd-°p-tºmƒ Ccp≠ Xhn-´p-\n-dhpw NndIv ]q´p-tºmƒ ISpØ Idp∏p Ie¿∂ Xhn´v \nd-Øn-¬ IpdpsI hoXn-bp≈ sh≈-hc ImWmw. I¨he-b-ßƒ BsI 5 FÆ-ap-≠v. \m´n≥]p-dØpw, Im\-\-ß-fnepw, \K-c-ß-fnepw, XW-ep≈ ÿe-ßƒ Gsd CjvSw Hfn™p Ign-bp∂ Ch A[nIw ]d-°m-dn√ No™-fn™ ]g-ß-fnse kØv s\¬s®-Sn-Ifpw ]p¬s®-Sn-I-fp-amWv {][m\ {]P-\-\-k-ky-ßƒ ]yq∏ ˛ Cfw Xhnt´m Xhn´p Ie¿∂ t\¿Ø ]®-\n-dtam BWv.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

71

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

16. ]p≈n-s®-º≥ Common Name

:

Tawny coster

Scientific Name

:

Acraea violae

Wingspan

:

50 - 65 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v ISpw Nph-∏p-I-e¿∂ sNº≥\n-dw. Aßn-ßmbn IdpØ ]mSp-Ifpw ImWmw. ]n≥ Nnd-In¬ shfpØ ]p≈n-°p-Øp-Iƒ IdpØ Ic-bn¬ ImWmw. Xpd-kmb {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Im\-\-ß-fnepw Xpd-kmb hc≠ {]tZ-i-ßfnepw DZym-\-ß-fnepw I≠p hcp-∂p. Xd-\n-c-t∏m-Sp-tN¿∂v A[nIw thK-Øn-e-√msX ]d∂p \S-°p-∂p. sNdp-]q-°-fpsS (Xp-º, Idp-I, ]qhmw-Ip-cp-∂¬, apb¬s®-hn-b≥) tX≥ \pI-cp-∂p. ]mj≥{^q´v, apcn°v XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ cq]m-¥-cWw \S-Øp∂p ie-`-∏p-gp- ˛ Nph-∏p-I-e¿∂ Ccp≠ Xhn´p \nd-ap≈ ie-`-∏p-gp-hns‚ tZlam-k-Iew t\¿Ø ap≈p-I-fp≠v ]yq∏ ˛ shfpØ ]yq∏-bn¬ Idp∏v \nd-Øn-ep≈ ]p≈n-Itfm Ipdn-Itfm ImWmw.

17. sh≈ne-tØmgn Common Name

:

Commander

Scientific Name

:

Moduza procris

Wingspan

:

60 - 75 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : : :

NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ Xnf-ßp∂ Nph-∏p-I-e¿∂ Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv. a≤yØn-eqsS Xqsh-≈-\n-d-Øn¬ hcn-bmbn s]m´p-Iƒ ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-IpI-fpsS AcnIv Xcw-K-cq-]-Øn-em-Wv. IqSmsX [mcmfw sh≈-∏p-≈n-Ifpw ImWmw. \m´n≥]p-dßfnepw, \K-c-ß-fnepw, h\-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. Nnd-Ip-Iƒ sh´n®v sX∂n-\o-ßn-bmWv Ch ]d-°p-∂-Xv. tX≥ \pIc¬, Cu¿∏w hen-s®-Sp-°¬ sh≈ne h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ (ap-km-¥) sNSn-I-fn¬ {]P\\w \S-Øp∂p ie-`-∏pgp ˛ Icn-bne h¿Æw ]yq∏ ˛ Icn-bne h¿Æw

18. Nn{X-I≥ Common Name

:

Anged castor

Scientific Name

:

Ariandne ariandne

Wingspan

:

45 - 60 mm

]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v Xpcp-ºns‚ h¿Ætam Imhn Ie-¿∂ Xhn-´p-\n-dtam

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

72

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : :

BWv. CXn¬ Xcw-K-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ hc-Iƒ ImWmw. Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS AcnIp-Iƒ Xcw-K-Øns‚ BIr-Xn-bn-em-Wv. hc-≠-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw Ce-s]m-gnbpw ImSp-I-fnepw {Kma-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. A[nIw Db-c-Øn-√msX kmh-[m\w ]d-°p-∂p. ac-°-d-Iƒ \pI-cpI Bh-W-°v, sNmdn-bW kkyw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ {]P-\\w ie-`-∏pgp ˛ Ccp≠ Xhn-´p-\n-dw, ]pdw \ndsb ap≈p-Iƒ ]yq∏ ˛ ]®-\ndw

19. `q]-S-i-e`w Common Name

:

Common Map

Scientific Name

:

Cyrestis thyodamas

Wingspan

:

50 - 60 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : : :

NndIv Xpd-∂m¬ \\p-\-\pØ shfp-∏p-\n-d-Øn¬ t\¿Ø IdpØ hcIfpw \oe-h-c-Ifpw Hmd-©p-\n-d-hp-sams° ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-Ins‚ A‰w t\¿Øv A¬∏w hf-™m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hi-ß-fn¬ hfhpw HSn-hp-sams°-bmbn Htc BIr-Xn-bn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. h\-ß-fnepw {Kma-ß-fnepw ImWp∂p sX∂n sX∂n sas√ Xmgv∂v ]d-°p∂p Cu¿∏w hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ tX≥ \pI-cm-dp-≠v. B¬h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ kky-ß-fn¬ {]P-\\w sNøp-∂p. ie-`-∏pgp ˛ Nph-∏p-I-e¿∂ Xhn-´p-\ndw ico-c-Øn¬ sImºp-I-fp-≠v.

20. sNº≥I-Sph Common Name

:

Plain Tiger

Scientific Name

:

Danaus chrysippus

Wingspan

:

70 - 80 mm

:

NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ sNºn® Hmd©v h¿W-am-Wv. ap≥Nn-d-Ins‚ AcnInse Xhn-´p-I-e¿∂ Idp-∏p-\n-d-Øn¬ sh≈-∏´ ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ GXm≠v a≤y-Øn-embn aq∂v IdpØ s]m´p-≠v. ]n≥Nn-d-Ins‚ Acn-In¬ IdpØ I-cbpw D≈n¬ shfpØ A¿≤-he - b - ß - fpw hcn-hc - n-bmbn ImWmw. Nnd-IS- b - v°p-tºmƒ a™-fn® Hmd©v \nd-Øn-emWv ImWp-I. ico-cØ - ns‚ apIƒ`mKw Idp-∏p-\n-da - m-Wv. F∂m¬ Dc- ns‚ hi-ßf - n¬ \ndsb sh≈∏p-≈n-Iƒ D≠v. Xpd- mb CS-ß-fnepw ]d-ºp-I-fnepw B¿{Z Ce-s]m-gnbpw h\-ß-fnepw

Bhm-kÿew

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

73

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Ip‰n-°m-Sp-I-fnepw km[m-c-W-bmbn ImWp-∂p. hfsc kmh-[m-\-amWv ]d-°¬ tX\p-Æm≥ s]cp-Øn-jvS-am-Wv. Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏qhv F∂nh ]Xnhmbn kµ¿in-°m-dp-≠v. Fcn-°mWv {][m\ Blm-cw. s]m∂-c-fn, ]m¬h≈n F∂o sNSn-I-fnepw cq]m-¥-cWw \S-Øp-∂p. Nmcw Ie¿∂ ]®-\n-d-Øn-tem, \oe Ie¿∂ Nmc-\n-d-Øntem ImWp∂ ie-`-∏p-gp-hns‚ ]pdØv IpdpsI ISphm hcIfpw \nc-bmbn sh≈bpw a™bpw s]m´p-Ifpw ImWmw.

21. hc-b≥ ISph Common Name

:

Striped Tiger

Scientific Name

:

Danaus genutia

Wingspan

:

72 - 100 mm

Bhm-khyhÿ : ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Ch-bpsS ]pdw Nnd-In¬ sNºn® Hmd-©p-\n-da - m-Wv. CXn¬ hoXn Ipd™ Rc-ºp-Iƒ t]mse hc-Iƒ ImWmw. ap≥-˛-]n≥ Nndp-Ip-I-fpsS Acn-Ip-Ifnse IdpØ Ic-I-fn¬ Ccp-hcn sh≈-s∏m-´p-Iƒ D≠v. ap≥Nn-d-Inse hoXn-tb-dnb IdpØ Ic-bn¬ henb sh≈-∏p-≈n-Iƒ ImWmw. \\-hm¿∂ Ce-s]m-gnbpw ImSp-I-fnepw Ip‰n-°m-Sp-I-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. thK-Øn-emWv ]d-°m-dp-≈Xv Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h∏ - q-hv, s]cp-h√ - w, IrjvWI - n-coSw F∂n-hb - nse tX≥. \pI-cp-∂p. s]m∂-c-fn-bn-e-bmWv {][m-\-ambpw cq]m-¥-cWw \S-°p-∂Xv. ]m¬°-dbp≈ h≈n-s®-Sn-I-fnepw {]P-\\w \S-Øm-dp-≠v. ie-`-∏p-gp-hns‚ ico-cØn¬ IpdpsI hcn-h-cn-bmbn IdpØ ISphm hc-Ifpw \nc-\n-c-bmbn sh≈bpw a™bpw IpØp-Ifpw CS-I-e¿∂p-Im-Wmw. ISpw Nph-∏p-\n-dØn¬ aq∂p-tPmUn sImºp-Iƒ ImWmw. ie-`-∏p-gp-hns‚ ]yq∏-bn¬ Aßn-ßmbn kz¿Æ-°p-Øp-Iƒ ImWmw.

22. Ac-fn-i-e`w Common Name

:

Common Indian Crow

Scientific Name

:

Euploea core

Wingspan

:

85 - 95 mm

]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v tNmt¢‰v h¿Ww Ie¿∂ Xhn´p \nd-am-Wv. ]n≥Nn-dIn¬ c≠p-hcn sh≈-∏p-≈n-Iƒ \nc-bmbn ImWmw. CXn¬ BZysØ hcn sh≈-∏p-≈n-Iƒ \o≠Xpw c≠m-a-tØXv hrØm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-am-Wv. B¨ ie-`ß -- -fpsS NndIv Xpd-°p-tºmƒ ap≥Nn-d-Inse Xnf-ßp∂ Idp-∏n¬ \o≠ Hcp hc ImWmw. s]¨i-e-`Ø -- n\v Cu hc ImWp-I-bn-√.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

74

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

F√m Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-I-fnepw ImWmw. kmh-[m-\-amWv ]d-°¬ sX‰n, sNº-c-Øn, Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏q-hv, IrjvW-In-coSw F∂n-h-bnse tX\mWv ]Yyw. Ac-fn-bmWv {][m\ Blm-c-k-kyw. s]m∂-cfn, \dp-\o≠n, B¬h¿§ kky-ßƒ, Ce-™n, h≈n-∏m-e, sNdnb ]m¬h-≈n, ]mdIw F∂n-hbnepw cq]m-¥-cWw \S-Øp-∂p. ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v tdmkv Ie¿∂ Xhn´p \nd-am-Wv. aq∂p tPmUn sImºpIfpw Idp-∏v, Xhn-´v, Hmd-©p-\n-d-Øn¬ ISp-hm-h-c-Ifpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]yq∏bv°v X¶-\n-d-am-Wv.

23. Xpjm-c-i-e`w Common Name

:

Water Snow Flat

Scientific Name

:

Tagiades Iitigiosa

Wingspan

:

37 - 44 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

ap≥Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v Idp∏p Ie¿∂ Ccp≠ Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv. Nnd-Ins‚ Xp©Øv t\¿Ø kpXm-cy-amb shfpØ s]m´p-Iƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]n≥Nn-dI - p-Iƒ XpS-ßp-∂n-SØv hoXn-bn¬ Ccp≠ Xhn-´p-\n-da - p-≠v. XpS¿∂v sh≈-t°m-Sn-bp-Sp-Ø-Xp-t]mse a™ns‚ Xqsh-◊bpw AXn¬ Gtgm Ft´m \o≠ IdpØ ]p≈n-Iƒ ImWmw. h\-ß-fnepw, \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw hr£-ß-fnepw h≈n-]-S¿∏p-I-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. s]m¥-°m-Sp-Iƒ°v aosX h´w Np‰n ]d-°p∂p Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏qhv F∂n-h-bnse tX≥ \pI-cm-dp-≠v. ]£n-°m-jvTØn¬ \n∂v kØv hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂p. Im®n¬ h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ kky-ß-fn¬ cq]m-¥c-- Ww \S-Øp-∂p. ie-`-∏pgp-hn\v ]m¬]® \nd-am-Wv. hep-XmIpw tXmdpw Cu \nd-Øn¬ sNdp-X-cnIƒt]mse a™-°p-Øp-Iƒ sXfn-™p-h-cp-∂p. apXp-In¬ Ccp≠ ]®\n-d-Øn¬ Hcp hc-bp-≠v. lrZ-bm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ Xe°v Nph∏v Ie¿∂ Xhn-´p-\n-dw. Cfw-]-®tbm Nµ\ h¿Wtam ]yq∏-bpsS \ndw

24. Icn-the \oen Common Name

:

African Babul Blue

Scientific Name

:

Azanus jesous

Wingspan

:

24 - 28 mm

B¨ ie-`-ßƒ°v ]pdw hb-e‰v Ie¿∂ \oe-\n-d-am-Wv. Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ t\¿Ø Ic ImWmw. s]¨i-e-`-ß-fpsS ]pdw Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv. Nnd-Ip-

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

75

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬

:

Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: :

I-fpsS ]mZw t\¿Ø \oen-a-bm¿∂-Xm-Wv. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ ap≥Nn-dIn¬ IÆ-d-bpsS A‰-Ømbn IdpØ ]p≈n-bp-≠v. hc≠ {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw apƒ°m-Sp-I-fnepw, Ip‰n-°m-Sp-I-fnepw I≠p-h-cp∂p. hr£-Ø-e-∏p-Isf hew sh®p-]-d-°mdp≠v. tX≥ \pI-cm≥ Xmgv∂ hnXm\-ß-fnepw FØp-∂p. Cu¿∏w hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂p. Icn-th-e-amWv {][m\ Blm-c-kkyw ie-`-∏pgp ˛ Ccp≠ ]®-\n-d-am-Wv.

25. ]p≈n-°p-™≥ Common Name

:

Indian skipper

Scientific Name

:

Spialia galba

Wingspan

:

24 - 47 mm

Bhm-khyhÿ : ]d-°¬ : Blmcw : cq]m-¥-cWw

:

NndIp Xpd-∂m¬ Ccp≠ Xhn-´p-\n-d-Øn¬ ]e-h-en-∏-Øn-ep≈ sh≈-∏p≈n-Iƒ sIm≠p \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ Ccp≠ Xhn´v \nd-Øn¬ I≈n-Iƒ t]mse sh≈-∏p-≈n-Iƒ ImWmw. Nnd-I-S-°ptºmƒ aßnb Xhn-´n¬ a≤y-Øn-embn Ahy-‡-amb sh≈-∏m-Sp-≠v. \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw h\-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. hfsc thK-Øn¬ CfIn ]d-°p-∂p. ]qhm Ipcp-∂¬, Xpº, apb¬s®-hn-b≥, ap°p‰n F∂n-h-bnse tX≥ \pIcp-∂p. Ipdp-t¥m-´n-bmWv {][m\ Blm-c-kkyw ]®-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ ie-`-∏p-gp-hns‚ Xe Idp-∏p-\n-d-am-Wv. CXn¬ tcmaw \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ce aS-°nb Iq´n-\p-≈n-emWv ie-`-∏pgp Ign-bp-∂-Xv. ]yq∏-bm-Ip-∂Xpw Ce-°q-Sn-\p-≈n-em-Wv.

26. ]b¿\oen Common Name

:

Grum Blue

Scientific Name

:

Euchrysops cnejus

Wingspan

:

25 - 33 mm

: :

B¨ ie-`-ßfpsS ]pdw aßnb hb-e‰v Ie¿∂ \oe-bm-Wv. s]¨ ie`-ß-fpsS ]pdw Xhn-´m-Wv. CXn¬ t\¿Ø \oe-\ndw Ie¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ]n≥Nn-dI - n¬ Nph∏p Ie¿∂ Hmd-©p-\n-dØ - m¬ hebw sNø-s∏´ an∂p∂ \oe I¨s]m-´p≈ c≠p IdpØ ]p≈n-IƒIm-Wmw. ]n≥Nn-dI - nse \mep IdpØ s]m´p-Iƒ Chsb Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p. Xpd- mb taSp-I-fnepw Irjn-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. \ne-tØmSp tN¿∂mWv A[n-I-k-a-bhpw ]d-°p-∂Xv.

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

76

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS Blmcw

:

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

sNdp- ] q- ° - f nse tX\pw h≥hr- £ - ß - f nse ]q°fpw \pI- c p- ∂ p. B¨˛s]¨ ie-`-ßƒ shbn¬ Imbm-dp-≠v. ]b¿h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ kky-ß-fn-emWv {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂Xv ie-`-∏pgp ˛ ]q°ƒ `£n®v hf-cp-∂p. ]b¿aWn Xpc∂p `£-W-am-°m-dp≠v. ie-`-∏p-gp-hns\ c≠p-\n-d-Øn¬ ImWs∏Sp-∂p. (]-®-\n-d-Øn-epw, Nph∏p \nd-Øn-epw) ]yq∏bv°v t\¿Ø ]®-\n-d-am-Wv.

27. sN¶p-dp-º≥ Common Name

:

Chestnut Bob

Scientific Name

:

Iambrix Salsala

Wingspan

:

26 - 30 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ sNºn® Xhn-´p-\n-dw. Nnd-I-S-°p-tºmƒ I∏-e≠n h¿Ww Ie¿∂ Xhn´p \nd-Øn¬ Idp-∏p-h-e-b-a-Wn™ Xnf-ßp∂ sh≈s∏m-´p-I-fp-ap-≠v. \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw, \K-c-ß-fnepw h\m-¥-c-ß-fnepw [mcmfw ImWp-∂p. A[nIw Db-c-Øn-e-√msX Xd-tbmSv tN¿∂mWv ]d-°p-∂-Xv. ]qhmw Ipcp-∂¬, Im´p-I-Sp-Iv, ap°p-‰n, Xpº, apb¬s®-hn-b≥, ]p¬s®Sn-bnse ]q°ƒ F∂nh ]Yy-am-Wv. ]p¬s®--Sn-I-fn-emWv cq]m-¥-cWw \S-°p-∂-Xv. ap´bv°v Ccp≠ Nph-∏p-\n-da - m-Wv. ie-`∏ - p-gp-hns‚ Xe ico-cØ - ns\ At]£n®v hfsc hepXm-Wv. ie-`-∏pgp Ce-°p-g-en-\p-≈n-emWv Ign-bp-∂-Xv. ]yq∏-bm-Ip-∂Xv Ce-°p-g-en-\p-≈n¬X-s∂.

28. s]m´phm-em´n Common Name

:

Common cerulean

Scientific Name

:

Jamides celeno

Wingspan

:

27 - 40 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ t\¿Ø BIm-i-\o-ena ImWmw. s]¨ ie-`-ßfpsS \oe-\ndw aßn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ Ic-Iƒ°v hoXn-tbdpw. EXp-t`-Z-ß-fn¬ Nnd-I-S-°p-tºmƒ \nd-hy-Xymkw ImWmw. t\¿Ø \mcp-hm-ep-≠v. kZm-k-a-bhpw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ Dcp-Ωn-bp-cp-Ωn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tIc-f-Øn¬ Fhn-sSbpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXv s]m¥-°m-Sp-I-fn¬ ]mdn \S-°p-∂p. ap°p-‰n, sXm´m-hm-Sn, ]qhmw Ipcp-∂n-e, apb¬s®-hn-b≥, hmSm-ap-√, Xpº F∂n-h-bmWv {][m\ tX≥sN-Sn-Iƒ Ip∂n, πmiv, Dßv, Atim-Iw, Ccpƒ, Gew, Ipcp-hn-enwKw F∂n-h-bmWv Blm-c-k-ky-ßƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

77

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS ]c∂ ie-`∏ - p-gp-hn\v aßnb ]®-\n-da - m-Wv. CXn¬a™ \nd-Øntem Imhn\n-d-Øntem Ahy-‡-amb ]mSp-I-fp-≠v. ]yq∏bv°v t\¿Ø ]®-\ndw

29. tNcm-®n-d-I≥ Common Name

:

Coon

Scientific Name

:

Psolos Fuligo

Wingspan

:

36 - 46 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬

:

Blmcw

:

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v Ccp≠ Xhn-´p-\n-dw. Cfw-i-e-`-ß-fpsS Xhn-´p-\n-d-Øn\v \oe-bpsS Hfn-an-∂-ep-≠m-Ipw. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ Ahy-‡-amb a™∏m-Sp-Ifpw ]p≈n-I-fp-ap-≠v. Ch-bpsS G‰hpw henb {]tXy-IX ]pdtØ°p hf-™n-cn-°p∂ ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-°mØ ap≥Nn-d-Ip-I-fm-Wv. \\-hm¿∂ {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw h\m-¥-c-ß-fnepw \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw \K-cß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. ASn-°m-Sp-I-fn¬ \ne-Øp-\n∂pw A[nIw Db-c-Øn-e-√msX ]d∂p \S°p-∂p. kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ ]d-°p-∂p. Nnc-h-∏q-hv, aWn-∏n-c-≠n, Im´n-©n, Im´p-a-™ƒ, iwJp-]pjv]w F∂n-hbnse tX≥ \pI-cm-dp-≠v. Iqh, Im´p-Iq-h, C©n, Im´n©n XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv Blm-c-k-ky-ßƒ. ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v ]m¬]-®-\n-d-amWv Ce-a-S°n AXn-\p-≈n-emWv ie-`-∏pgp Ign-bp-∂-Xv. ]yq∏°pw Cfw-]-®-\n-d-am-Wv.

30. sNºp-≈n-s]m-´≥ Common Name

:

Red Pierrot

Scientific Name

:

Talicada nyseus

Wingspan

:

30 - 36 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v Idp-∏p-\n-d-am-Wv. ]n≥Nn-d-Ins‚ ]mXn-bn¬ ISpØ Hmd-©p-\ndw ImWmw. Nnd-I-S-°p-tºmƒ shfp-∏n¬ IdpØ s]m´p-Iƒ D≠v. ap≥Nn-d-Ip-I-fpsS Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ hoXn-bn¬ Idp∏v \ndhpw AXn¬ sh≈-In-∂-cnbpw ]p≈n-°p-Øp-Ifpw ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ hoXn-tb-dnb Hmd©p Icbpw CXn¬ sh≈-]p-≈n-I-fp-ap-≠v. ]n≥Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ kZm-k-abhpw Dcp-Ωn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \\-hm¿∂ CS-ßf - nepw Im\-\ß - f - nepw sh´n-sØ-fn® CS-ßf - nepw Db¿∂ ae-\n-c-I-fnse Xpd- mb ImSp-I-fnepw {Kma-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw Nne-Im-e-ßfn¬ ]´-W-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. s]m¥-Iƒ°p aosX kmh-[m\w ]d-°p-∂p. tX≥ \pI-c¬ lc-am-Wv. shbn¬ Imbm-dp-≠v.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

78

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Ce-ap-f-®n-bmWv Blm-c-kkyw a™ \nd-am¿∂ ]c∂ ie-`-∏pgp amwk-f-amb Ce Xpc∂v AXn-\p-≈nemWv Ign-bp-∂-Xv. kam-[n-bm-Ip-∂Xv Ce°v ]pd-ØmWv. ]yq∏°v Cfw a™ \nd-am-Wv.

Common Name

:

Rice swift

Scientific Name

:

Rorbo cinnara

Wingspan

:

30 - 36 mm

31. ic-i-e`w

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v Ccp≠ Xhn´v \ndw. ap≥Nn-d-Ip-I-fn¬ {Ia-ambn A¿≤kp-Xm-cy-amb s]m´p-I-fp-≠v. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ Hcp Iam\-Øns‚ BIr-Xn-bn¬ hcn-h-cn-bmbv sNdp-s]m-´p-Iƒ ImWmw. hb-te-e-I-fnepw ]p¬ta-´nepw \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw km[mcW ImWp-∂p. hfsc thK-Øn¬ ]d-°p-∂p. Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏q-hv, Xpº-]q-hmw-Ip-dp-∂¬ F∂n-h-bn¬ tX≥ \pWbm≥ FØm-dp-≠v. ]p¬ h¿§ kky-ß-fn-emWv ap´-bn-Sp-∂Xv ie-`-∏pgphns‚ \ndw ]®-bm-W.v ie-`∏ - pgp Ce-®p-cp-fns‚ D≈n¬ Ign-bp-∂p.

32. Im´p-sh-≈n-h-c-b≥ Common Name

:

Long banded silverline

Scientific Name

:

Spindasis lobita

Wingspan

:

30 - 42 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

Ccp≠ \oe-\n-d-ap≈ ]pdw-Nn-d-In¬ Ahy-‡-amb ]´-Iƒ ImWmw. NndI-S-bv°p-tºmƒ sh≈-bn¬ Hmd©p \nd-Øn-ep≈ ]´-Iƒ ImWmw. Cu ]´-I-fpsS \Sp-hn¬ sh≈-h-c-I-fp-≠v. sh≈n-h-c-b≥ ie-`Øns‚ ]´-Iƒ Hcn-°epw IqSn-t®¿∂v ImWn-√. h\m-¥-c-ß-fnepw \\-hm¿∂ ]p¬ta-Sp-I-fnepw ImWp-∂p. \ne-Øp-\n∂pw A[nIw Db-c-Øn-e-√msX ]d∂p \S-°p-∂p. sNdp-sN-Sn-I-fnse tX\mWv ]Yyw. ]qhmw-Ip-dp-∂¬, apb¬ sNhn-b≥, Xpº, ap°p-‰n F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂v tX≥ \pI-cp-∂p.

33. s]m¥-®n-∂≥ Common Name

:

Pigmy scrub hopper

Scientific Name

:

Aeromachus pygmaeus

Wingspan

:

20 - 22 mm

Nnd-Ip-Xp-d-∂m¬ \c® Xhn´v \ndw. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ Nmc-\n-d-Øn-ep≈

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

79

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

Xcn- I fpw Ahy- ‡ - a mb ]mSp- I fpw hc- I fpw ImWmw. Nnd- I p- I ƒ Iq¿ØXmWv. Im\-\-ß-fnepw Ah-tbmSp tN¿∂p InS-°p∂ shfn{º-tZ-i-ß-fnepw ]p¬ta-Sp-If - nepw \m´n≥ ]pd-ßf - nse Xpd- mb {]tZ-iß - f - nepw ImWp∂p. hfsc Xmgv∂v ]p¬\m-ºp-Isf XgpIn ]d-°p-∂p. tX≥ \pI-cm-dp≠v G‰hpw sNdnb aq∂m-asØ ie-`-amWv s]m¥®n-∂≥

34. a™p-Xp-≈n-i-e`w Common Name

:

Suffused snow flat

Scientific Name

:

Tagiades gana

Wingspan

:

45 - 50 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬

:

Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: :

Ft∏mgpw NndIv Xpd-∂n-cn-°p∂ Ch-bpsS ap≥ Nnd-In\v ISpØ Xhn´v \nd-am-Wv. Xmtgm´p hcp-t¥mdpw Xhn-´ns‚ KmVX Ipd-™p-hc - p-∂p. ]n≥Nnd-In\v t\¿Ø Nmcw Ie¿∂ shfp-∏p-\n-d-am-Wv. CXn¬ hcn-bmbn IdpØ s]m´p-I-fp-ap-≠v. ap≥Nn-d-Ins‚ Xp©Øv A¿≤k-kp-Xm-cy-amb aq∂v sh≈-s∏m-´p-I-fp-≠v. \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw hr£-ßƒ CS-Xq¿∂p hf-cp∂ ÿe-ß-fnepw ImSpI-fnepw ]´-W-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. tX≥ \pI-cm-dp-≠v. ssPhm-h-in-jvS-ß-fn¬ \n∂v kØv hen-s®-Sp-°m-dp≠v. shbn¬ Imbm-dp-≠v. Im®n-emWv {][m\ Blm-c-kkyw ag Ign-™p≈ amk-ß-fn¬ ie-`-∏p-gp-hns\ [mcmfw ImWm-dp-≠v. ]m¬]® \nd-am¿∂ ie-`-∏pgp Ce-a-S-°n-h-®mWv Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

35. sNΩn-∂≥ Common Name

:

Indian Red Flash

Scientific Name

:

Rapala iarbus

Wingspan

:

35 - 41 mm

B¨ ie-`-ßƒ°v NndIv Xpd-°p-tºmƒ an∂p∂ ISpØ Nph-∏p-\n-d-amWv. s]¨i-e-`-ßƒ°v Xhn´p Ie¿∂ aßnb Nph-∏p-\n-dw. Nnd-I-S-bv°ptºmƒ Nmcw Ie¿∂ Xhn´v \nd-am-Wv. CXn¬ Nne Ahy-‡-amb ]´Itfm ]mSp-Itfm ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ XcwK cq]-Øn¬ t\¿Ø sh≈ hc-If - p-≠v. ]n≥Nn-dI - nse t\¿Ø \mcp-hm-ep-Iƒ XpS-ßp-∂n-SØv Hmd©pw teml-h¿Æhpw Ie¿∂ s]m´p-≠v. CXn\v sXm´p-ap-I-fn¬ Hmd©p heb-a-Wn™ IdpØ ]p≈n-°pØpw ImWmw.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

80

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS Bhm-kÿew: ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

hr£- ß ƒ CS- X nßn hf- c p∂ {]tZ- i - ß - f nepw Im\- \ - ß - f nepw shfn-{º-tZ-i-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. thK-Øn¬ ]d∂p \S-°p-tºmƒ Nph-∏p-\ndw an∂n-am-bp-∂Xv ImWmw. tX≥ \pI-c¬ lc-am-Wv. Acn-∏qs®Sn, Nnc-h-∏q-hv, s]cph√w, IΩyq-WnÃv ]® F∂n-h-bnse tX≥ \pI-cm-dp-≠v. ]®-\n-d-ap≈ ie-`-∏p-gp-°sf Ddp-ºp-Iƒ A\p-K-an-°m-dp-≠v.

36. Ccp-Ø-e®n Common Name

:

Monkey Puzzle

Scientific Name

:

Rathinda amor

Wingspan

:

26 - 28 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

NndIv Xpd-°p-tºmƒ Ccp≠ Xhn´v \ndw. ap≥ Nnd-In¬ sh≈-∏-´-bp-≠v. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ c≠v IdpØ ]p≈n-°p-Øp-Iƒ ImWmw. Nnd-I-S-°p-tºmƒ shfp∏pw a™bpw Xhn-´p-sams° Iq´n-t®¿∂ \nd-am-Wv. CXn¬ Xcw-KmIr-Xn-bn¬ D≈ sh≈ hc-bp-≠v. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ ImWp∂ aq∂v tPmUn t\¿Ø \mcp-hm-ep-Iƒ D≠v. \Sp-hnse hmen\v \of-ta-dpw. \m´n≥]p-dß - f - nepw \K-cß - f - nepw Im\-ßf - n-ep-sams° ImWp-∂p, s]m¥I-fn-emWv IqSp-X¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. A[nIw Db-c-Øn-e-√msX s]m¥-Isf h´w Np‰n aµ-ambn ]d-°p-∂p. tX\n-s\m∏w sNSn-I-fn¬ \n∂qdn hcp∂ kØpw \pI-cm-dp-≠v. Nnd-IpIƒ ]mXn-Xp-d∂v shbn¬ Imbp-∂p. sNØn-bmWv {][m\ Blm-c-k-kyw. sam´p-Ifpw Xfncpw Ign®mWv ie`-∏pgp hf-cp-∂-Xv. ]yq∏°v Cfw Cfw-]-®-\n-d-am-Wv.

37. ]´m-Wn-\oen Common Name

:

Pea Blue

Scientific Name

:

Lampides boeticus

Wingspan

:

24 - 36 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

B¨i-e-`ß -- -fpsS ]pdw-h-b-e‰v Ie¿∂ \oe-bm-sW-¶n¬ s]¨i-e-`ßƒ°v Xhn´p \nd-am-Wv. NndIp ]q´p-tºmƒ sh≈-\n-dw. CXn¬ IpdpsI Xcw-K-cq-]-Øn¬ Nph∏p Ie¿∂ Xhn´p hc-Iƒ ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ ISpØ Hmd©p he-ba-- -Wn™ c≠v IdpØ ]p≈n-I-fp-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse Irjn-bn-S-ß-fnepw Xpd∂ {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw ae-\n-c-I-fnse ]p¬taSp-I-fnepw hym]-I-ambn ImWp-∂p. Db-c-Øn¬ ]d-°p∂p. tX≥ \pI-c¬ lc-am-Wv. ]q°ƒ tXSn \mSp-sX≠n \S-°p-∂p. Cu¿∏w \pI-cm\pw CjvS-am-Wv.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

81

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS cq]m-¥-cWw

:

πmiv/Na-X, ]´m-Wn-∏-b¿,- In-ep°n F∂n-h-bn-emWv PohnX N{Iw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xv. t\¿Ø ]®-\n-d-ap≈ ie-`-∏p-gp-hns‚ ]pdØv a™ hc-I-fp-≠v. Imbv°p≈n-emWv hf-cp-∂-Xv. ]yq∏°v a™ Ie¿∂ Cfw ]®tbm Xhnt´m \ndam-Wv.

38. sNºp≈n ie`w Common Name

:

Red spot

Scientific Name

:

Zesius chrysomallus

Wingspan

:

38 - 44 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

B¨i-e-`-Øns‚ ]pdw ISp∏p \nd-am-Wv. Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ Ccp≠ Ic-bp≠v. Nnd-I-S-°p-tºmƒ t\¿Ø Nmcw Ie¿∂ shfp-∏n¬ Nph∂ ]p≈n°p-Øp-Iƒ Aßn-ßmbn ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ Nph∂ hf-b-a-Wn™ IdpØ ]p≈n-°p-Øp-I-fp-≠v. Ht∂m ct≠m t\¿Ø sN-dp-hm-ep-Ifpw ImWmw. h\m-¥-c-ß-fnepw \m´n≥ ]pd-ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. hfsc thK-Ønepw Db-c-Ønepw ]d-°p-∂p. ]qt¥≥ \p-I-cm≥ Xm¬]-cy-an-√. Cu¿∏w \pI-cm≥ Im´p-]p-g-tbm-c-ßfn¬ FØp-∂p. ]qh-c-iv, Iip-am-hv, t]c, Dßv F∂n-h-bmWv Blm-c-s®-Sn-Iƒ. anin¿ Ddp-ºns‚ km∂n≤yw t\m°n-bmWv ap´bn-Sm-dp-≈-Xv. ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v ]®\n-d-am-Wv. apXp-In¬ Xhn-t´m, Hmdt©m \nd-Øn¬ Hcp ]mSp-Im-Wmw. ]yq∏-bm-Ip-∂Xv Ddp-ºn≥Iq-´n-em-Wv.

39. h\-\oen Common Name

:

Forget me not

Scientific Name

:

Catochrysops strabo

Wingspan

:

25 - 35 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

h\-\o-en-bpsS ]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v Cfw hb-e‰v Ie¿∂ \oe-\n-d-am-Wv. ]n≥Nn-d-Ins‚ Xp©Øv Hmd©v hf-b-a-Wn™ Hcp IdpØ ]p≈n-°pØp-≠v. ]b¿\o-en-bp-ambn h\-\o-ensb sX-‰n-≤-cn-°m-dp-≠v. s]¨-i-e`Øns‚ ]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv. ap≥Nn-d-Ip-I-fpsS a≤y-Ønembn t\¿Ø \oe-cmin ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ \mcp-hm-ep-≠v. sXmSn-I-fnepw ]d-ºp-I-fn-ep-sams° ImWm-sa-¶nepw Ce-s]m-gnbpw ImSpI-fnepw \\-hm¿∂ ImSp-I-fnepw ImWp-∂p. A[nIw thK-Øn-e-√msX s]m¥-Isf hew-h®v ]d∂p \S-°p-∂p. tX≥ \pI-cm≥ sNdp-]q-°sf B{i-bn-°p-∂p. \\™ CS-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Cu¿∏w hen-s®-Sp-°m-dp-≠v.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

82

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS cq]m-¥-cWw

:

]b¿h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ sNSn-If - n-emWv cq]m-¥c - Ww \S-Øp-∂X - v. ]q°-fnepw ]qsam-´p-I-fn-ep-amWv ie-`-∏p-gp-hns\ ImWp-∂-Xv. ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v Cfw-]®-\n-d-am-Wv.

40. \m¬°Æn Common Name

:

Common Fourring

Scientific Name

:

Ypthima buebneri

Wingspan

:

30 - 40 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : :

Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS apIƒ`mKw Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv. ap≥Nn-d-In¬ a™-h-f-b-aWn™ IÆ-S-bm-f-ap-≠v. NndIv ]q´p-tºmƒ ap≥Nn-d-Inse IÆ-S-bmfw hy‡-ambn sXfn-™p-Im-Wmw. ]n≥Nn-d-In¬ \mep sNdnb I¨s]m-´pI-fp-ap-≠v. \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw shfn-{º-tZ-i-ß-fnepw Im\-\-ßƒ°cn-Inepw Chsb ImWp-∂p. \ne-Øp-\n∂pw A[nIw Db-cØ - n-e√ - m-sX aµw aµ-am-bmWv ]d-°p-∂X - v. sNdp-]p¬s®-Sn-I-fnse ]q°-fmWv Chbv°v Gsd {]nbw ]p¬s®-Sn-I-fn-emWv ap´-bn-Sp-∂-Xv. ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v ]p√ns‚ Cfw-]® \ndam-Wv. apXp-In-eqsS Hcp Ccp≠hc IS∂p t]mIp-∂p. ]yq∏°v a™ Ie¿∂ Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv.

41. am¥-fn¿ ie`w Common Name

:

Common Baron

Scientific Name

:

Euthalia aconthea

Wingspan

:

55 - 80 mm

Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Ch-bpsS ]pdw Ccp≠ Xhn-´m-Wv. B¨ ie-`ß -- -fpsS ap≥Nn-d-In¬ hcnh-cn-bmbv sNdnb sh≈-∏p-≈n-Iƒ D≠v. s]¨i-e-`-ß-fn¬ Cu sh≈]p-≈n-Iƒ°p ]I-c-ambn shfpØ]´ ImWmw. Nnd-I-S-°p-tºmƒ IdpØ ]mSp-Iƒ ImWmw. \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw km[m-c-W-bmbn ImWp∂p hmbp-hn¬ IpXn®v sX∂nsX∂n-bmWv ]d-°p-∂-Xv. \\™ aÆn¬ \n∂pw Cu¿∏w hen-s®-Sp-°m\pw No™-fn™ ]g-ßfnse kØp \pI-cm\pw CjvS-am-Wv. Iip-am-hmWv cq]m-¥-cWw \S-Øp∂ ÿew. amhmWv {][m\ Blm-ck-kyw. Ce-]® h¿W-a-Wn™v ie-`-∏p-gp-hns‚ tZl-am-k-Iew Ih-c-ap≈ \o≠ ap≈pIƒ ImWmw. ]®-\n-d-am¿∂ ]yq∏°v IdpØ Ic-bp-≠v.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

83

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

42. Icn-\o-e-°-Sph Common Name

:

Dark Blue Tiger

Scientific Name

:

Tirumala septentrionis

Wingspan

:

80 - 105 mm

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Ch-bpsS Nnd-Ip-I-fnse \oe-\ndw Ccp-≠Xpw hc-Ifpw ]p≈n-I-cfpw t\¿ØXpw CSp-ßn-b-Xp-am-Wv. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ \oe-°-Sp-h-sb-°mƒ ISpØ \oe-am-Wv. Icn-\o-e-°-Sp-hsb h\m-¥-c-ß-fnepw kao-]-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-amWv ImWp∂-Xv. aµ-K-Xn-bn-emWv ]d-°p-∂Xv Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏q-hv, IrjvW-In-coSw F∂n-h°p ]pdsa h≥a-c-ßfnepw tX≥ \pI-cp-∂p. A∏q-∏≥XmSn h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ h≈n-s®-Sn-I-fn-emWv {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂Xv. ]®-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v a™, sh≈, Idp∏v \nd-ß-fn¬ ISp-hmh-c-I-fp-≠v. ]yq∏°v Cfw ]®-\n-d-am-Wv.

43. Nn∂-∏p¬ \oen Common Name

:

Tiny Grass Blue

Scientific Name

:

Zizula bylax

Wingspan

:

16 - 24 mm

Bhm-kÿew Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : :

B¨i-e-`-ßƒ°v ]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-I-fn¬ t\¿Ø Hfn-an-∂p∂ \oe-\n-d-am-Wv. s]¨i-e-`-ß-fpsS ]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v Xhn-´p \nd-am-Wv. Nnd-I-S- b v°ptºmƒ t\¿Ø Xhn-´p-\n-d-Øn¬ IdpØ s]m´p-Iƒ NnXn-dn-In-S-°p∂Xp ImWmw. hnf-ºp-I-fn¬ In∂-cn-bp-≠v. \m´n≥ ]pd-ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw Im\-\-ß-fnepw I≠p-h-cp-∂p. sNdp-]q°-fnse tX≥ hb¬®p-≈n, sImßn-Wn∏q F∂n-h-bn¬ {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂p. ]qsam´p-I-fn¬ hf-cp∂ ie-`-∏p-gp-°sf Xhn-´n-\n-d-Ønepw ]®-\n-d-Ønepw ImWm-dp-≠v. ]yq∏°v Cfw Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv.

44. \oe-°-Sph Common Name

:

Blue Tiger

Scientific Name

:

Tirumala limniace

Wingspan

:

90 - 110 mm

]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v Idpt∏m Xhnt´m \nd--am-Wv. CXn¬ t\¿Ø \oe-\n-d-

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

84

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Øn¬ hc-Ifpw ]p≈n-Ifpw ImWmw. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ aßnb \nd-amWv. B¨i-e-`-ß-fpsS ]n≥Nn-d-Ip-I-fn¬ sNdp-Ioi ImWm-dp-≠v. s]¨ ie-`-ßsf BI¿jn-°m-\p≈ ^nd-tam¨ s]mSn Cu Ioi-bn-emWv kq£n-°m-dp-≈-Xv. Im´p-\o¿t®m-e-Iƒ°-cn-Inse Xpd- mb {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw h\-]m-X-Iƒ°cn--Inepw Chsb ImWmw. hmbp-hn¬ HgpIn ]d-°m-dmWv ]Xnhv Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏q-hv, s]cp-h√w, Bhm-cw-]qhv F∂n-h-bnse tX≥ \pI-cp-∂p. A∏q-∏≥ XmSnbnemWv {][m-\a - mbpw {]P\\w \S-Øp-∂X - v. Fcn-°v, h≈n∏m-e, s]m∂-cfn F∂n-h-bnepw cq]m-¥-cWw \S-Øp-∂p. ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v ]®-\n-d-Øn¬ a™ sh≈ Idp∏v h¿Æ-ß-fn¬ ISphm hc-I-fp-≠v. aq∂v tPmUn sImºp-I-fp-≠v.

45. \oe-°p-Sp° Common Name

:

Common Bluebottle

Scientific Name

:

Graphium Sarpedon

Wingspan

:

80 - 90 mm

Bhm-k-ÿew ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: : :

\ΩpsS ]qt¥m-´-ß-fn¬ hncp-∂p-h-cm-dp≈ ie-`-ß-fn¬ hndfn ]nSn®v]d°p∂ H∂mWv \oe-Ip-Sp-°. Ch-bpsS ]d-°-ens‚ thKX ImcWw NndIn-ep-ff \nd-ßƒ IrXy-ambn a\- n-em-°m≥ hnj-a-am-Wv. F¶n¬°qSn Idp∏v F∂v tXm∂n-°p∂ Nnd-Ip-If - nse \oe-s]m-´p-Iƒ Hcp-hn[w kv]jvSambn \ΩpsS IÆn¬ ]Xn-bpw. Xpd- mb {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂p hfsc thK-Øn¬ ]d-°p-∂p. {][m\ Blm-c-kkyw Ac-W-a-c-am-Wv. Iqh, Ipf-amhv F∂n-h-bnepw {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂p. ]qhn-\p-ap-ºn¬ Nnd-I-Sn®p \n∂p-sIm≠p-Xs∂ tX≥ \pI-cp-∂p. Cfw ]®-\n-d-ap≈ ]yq∏ sXm´n¬Iq-´n¬ Xe-Io-gmbn InS-°p-∂p.

46. ]pen-ssØ-ø≥ Common Name

:

Common Leopard

Scientific Name

:

Phatanta phalantha

Wingspan

:

50 - 60 mm

Bhm-k-ÿew

:

]p≈n-∏p-en-bpsS ico-c-Ønse ]p≈n-Isf Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv CXns‚ Xhn-S≥ Nnd-Ip-I-fnse IdpØ s]m´p-Iƒ ImSp-I-fnepw {]m¥-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. th\¬°m-e-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

85

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS ]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

hfsc thK-Øn¬ ]d-°p-∂p. ]qt¥≥ \pI-cm-\mWv Ch¿°v Gsd CjvSw. \\-hp≈ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Ccn-°m≥ CjvS-am-Wv. Flacourtia IpSpw-_-Ønse Nne sNSn-I-fn-emWv s]¨i-e-`-ßƒ ap´-bnSm-dp-≈-Xv.

47. XI-c-apØn Common Name

:

Moffled emigrant

Scientific Name

:

Catopsilia pyranthe

Wingspan

:

5 - 7 c.m

: :

Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS \ndw Cfw-]-®-I-e¿∂ sh≈. ap≥Nn-d-Ip-I-fpsS D]-cn-`mKØv IdpØ Hcp t_m¿U-dp-≠v. hfsc thK-Øn¬ ]d-°p-∂p. tX≥ \pI-cm-\mWv CjvSw.

]d-°¬ Blmcw

48. hnem-kn\n Common Name

:

Common Jezebel

Scientific Name

:

Delias eucharas

Wingspan

:

66 - 83 mm

Bhm-kÿew Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

Ch-bpsS NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ \ndw shfp-∏m-Wv. Nnd-I-S-°p-tºmƒ Xnfßp∂ a™-\n-d-Øn¬ t\¿Ø Rc-ºp-Iƒ t]mse Idp-Ø-h-c-Iƒ ImWmw. ]n≥Nn-d-Ins‚ Hmc-Ømbn IdpØ Ic-bn¬ Hcp \nc-tKm-]n-°pdnbp≠v. an° Bhmk hyh-ÿ-bnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. tX≥ \pI-cm≥ Acn-∏q-s®-Sn, Nnc-h-∏q-hv, cmP-a-√n, sNº-cØn F∂nh kµ¿in-°m-dp-≠v. CØnƒ°-Æn-bn-emWv {]P-\\w \S-Øp-∂-Xv. ap´-Iƒ Iq´-ambn CSp-∂p. ie-`∏ - pgp Iq´-ambn hf-cp-∂p. ie-`∏ - p-gp-hn\v a™-Ie - ¿∂ ]®tbm Ccp≠ ]®-\n-dtam BWv. Iq´-tØmsS kam-[n-bm-Ip-∂p. an∂p∂ a™-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ ]yq∏ Ce-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p.

49. \m´p-tIm-amfn Common Name

:

Common pierrot

Scientific Name

:

castaliuys rosimon

Wingspan

:

2.4 - 3.2 c.m.

sh≈ Nnd-Ip-If - n¬ IdpØ ]p≈nIfp≈ Hcp sNdp ie-`a - m-Wn-Xv. BWpw s]Æpw Hcp-t]mse. ]n≥Nn-d-Ip-I-fn¬ \qep-t]mse sNdnb hmep-Ifpw D≠v.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

86

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS Bhm-kÿew ]d-°¬

: :

IqSp-Xepw Im´p-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-emWv ImWm-dp-≈Xv \ne-Øp-\n∂pw A[nIw Db-cØ - n-e√ - m-sXbmWv ]d-°p-∂X - v. Ce-bpsS apI-fn¬ shbn¬ Imbm≥ Nnd-Ip-Iƒ ]IpXn hnS¿Øn Ccn°m-dp-≠v.

50. \o¿amXf ie`w Common Name

:

Chocolate Albatross

Scientific Name

:

Appias lyncida

Wingspan

:

50 - 70 m.m.

Bhm-kÿew

:

Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: :

]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v Xqsh≈ \ndw. Acn-Ip-I-fn¬ Idpt∏m, Xhnt´m Icbp-≠v. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ ISpØ a™-\n-dhpw Acn-In¬ tNt¢‰v h¿ÆØn¬ hoXn-bp≈ Icbpw ImWmw. B¨i-e-`-ß-fpsS ap≥Nn-dInse tNmt¢‰v Ic-bn¬ \o≠ Hcp a™-∏p-≈n-bp-≠v. s]¨i-e-`-Øn\v Cu a™-∏p≈n ImWm-dn-√. {Kma-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw \o¿t®m-e-I-ƒ°cn-Inepw , Im\-\-ß-fnepw hb-tee-Iƒ°-cn-Inepw \K-c-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p. \o¿am-X-f-amWv {][m\ Blmcw ]®-\n-d-ap≈ ap´-Iƒ sNSn-bpsS Cfw X≠n¬ Iq´-am-bm-Wn-Sp-∂-Xv. ]®\n-da - p≈ ie-`∏ - p-gp-hns‚ Ccp-hi - ß - f - n-ep-ambn hfsc t\¿Ø hc ImWmw. ]yq∏bv°v ]®-\n-d-am-Wv. ]yq∏-bpsS aq°v Cu¿°n¬ t]mse \o≠p t\¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

51. \mtSmSn ie`w Common Name

:

Common Wanderer

Scientific Name

:

Parelonia Valeria

Wingspan

:

65 - 80 m.m.

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬

:

Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: :

B¨s]¨ ie-`-ßƒ°v \nd-hy-Xym-k-ap-≠v. B¨i-e-`-ß-fpsS ]pdw Xnf-ßp∂ BImi \oen-a-bm¿∂-Xm-Wv. Ccp≠ Rc-ºp-Ifpw Acn-Ip-Ifn¬ IdpØ Icbpw ImWmw. s]¨i-e-`-ßƒ aßnb \oe \nd-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Idp∏p Icbv°pw Rc-ºp-Iƒ°pw hoXnbpw \ndhpw IqSpw. Im\-\-ßƒ°-cn-Inepw hr£-ßƒ CS-Xq¿∂p hf-cp∂ {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Chsb ImWp-∂p. \n-e-Øp-\n∂pw A[nIw Db-c-Øn-e-√msX aµ-K-Xn-bn-emWv ]d∂p \S°p-∂-Xv. Xpºn-ss°bv°v GXm≠v 3 cm \of--ap-≠v. ]q°-fnse tX≥ \pI-cp∂p I∏m-cntk IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ kky-ß-fn-emWv Ch {]P-\\w \S-Øp∂-Xv. ]®-\n-d-ap≈ ie-`-∏p-gp-hns‚ hi-ß-fn-embn sh≈-s∏m-´p-Iƒ ImWmw. ]yq∏bv°v \o≠ Infn-aq-°p-≠v.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

87

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

52. sN©n-d-I≥ Common Name

:

Great Orange Tip

Scientific Name

:

Hebomia glaucippe

Wingspan

:

80 - 100 m.m.

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

NndIp Xpd-∂m¬ shfp-∏p-\n-d-am-Wv. ap≥Nn-d-Ins‚ A‰Øv IdpØ AcnIp-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb henb Hmd©v ]p≈n-bp-≠v. ]n≥Nn-d-Ins‚ Acn-In¬ t\¿Ø Idp∏v Ic ImWmw. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ a™ Ie¿∂ \c® Icn-bne h¿Æ-Øn¬ \ndsb apjn™ t\¿Ø Rc-ºp-Iƒ ImWmw. hr£-ßƒ CS-Xq¿∂p hf-cp∂ ÿe-ß-fnepw Im\-\-ß-fnepw Chsb ImWp-∂p. i‡n-bmbn Nnd-I-S®v hfsc thK-Øn¬ ]d-°p∂p. sh≈n-e, Acn-∏q-s®Sn F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂mWv km[m-c-W-bmbn tX≥ \pIcp-∂-Xv. \o¿am-X-fw, Im°-sØm-≠n, Im¿tØm-´n, Imcocw F∂n-h-bnemWv {]P\\w. ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v Cfw \oe Ie¿∂ ]®-\n-d-am-Wv. ]yq∏bv°v Cfw ]®-\n-d-am-Wv.

53. sh≈-°pdp-º≥ Common Name

:

Common Gull

Scientific Name

:

Cepora nerissa

Wingspan

:

40 - 65 m.m.

Bhm-kÿew

:

Blmcw ]d-°¬

: :

cq]m-¥-cWw

:

B¨s]¨ Nn{X-i-e-`-ßƒ°v \nd-hy-Xym-k-ap-≠v. B¨i-e-`-ß-fpsS ]pdw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v Xqsh≈ \nd-am-Wv. Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS Acn-Ip-Ifpw Rcºp-Ifpw Idp∏p \nd-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. NndIp Xpd-°p-tºmƒ IdpØ Rc-ºp-Iƒ Ahy-‡hpw Nnd-IS- b - v°p-tºmƒ hy‡-hp-am-Wv. Nnd-IS- b - v°ptºmƒ a™ \nd-am-Wn-h-bv°v. s]¨i-e-`-Øn\v ]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-I-fn¬ IqSpX¬ hc--Ifpw ]mSp-I-fp-sams°bp≠v. hc≠ ImSp-I-fnepw ka-Xe {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Ip‰n--°m-Sp-I-fnepw ]p¬{]tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-sams° ImWp-∂p. F√m-Øcw ]q°-fnse tX\pw Blm-c-am-°p-∂p. s]m¥-°m-Sp-Isf sXm´p-sXm-´n√ F∂ a´n¬ hfsc thK-Øn¬ ]d-°p∂p. I∏m-tc-knsb IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ kky-ß-fn-emWv cq]m-¥-cWw \S-Øp∂-Xv. ie-`-∏p-gp-hn\v Ccp≠ Ce-]® \nd-am-Wv. ]pdØv tcma-ß-fp-≠v. ]yq∏bv°pw Ccp≠ ]-®-\n-damWv.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

88

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

54.]q¶Æn Common Name

:

Glad-Eye Bush brown

Scientific Name

:

Mycalesis patnia

Wingspan

:

40 - 45 m.m.

Bhm-kÿew

:

]d-°¬ Blmcw cq]m-¥-cWw

: : :

ap≥Nn-dI - p-If - nse henb IÆ-Sb - m-fa - mWv Ch-bpsS G‰hpw henb {]tXyI-X. ]pdw-Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ°v Ccp≠ Xhn-´p-\n-d-am-Wv. CXn¬ sNdnb I¨s]m´p-I-fp-≠v. Nnd-I-S-bv°p-tºmƒ kz¿W h¿Ww Ie¿∂ Imhn \nd-am-Wv. CXn¬ Nne hc-Iƒ ImWmw. h\m-¥-c-ß-fnepw Ah-tbmSp tN¿∂p≈ ÿe-ß-fnepw hr£-ßƒ CSXnßn hf-cp∂ {Kma-ß-fnepw Ahsb ImWp-∂p. s]m¥-°m-Sp-I-fnepw ImWp-∂p. ie-`-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw aµ-K-Xn-°m-cmWv ]q¶Æn ]qt¥-\p-Æm≥ aaX Im´m-dn-√. ]g-kØp \pI-cm≥ CjvS-am-Wv. ]p¬ h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ kky-ß-fn-emWv Pohn-X-N{Iw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂Xv. Ccp≠ Xhn´p h¿W-Øn-ep≈ ie-`-∏pgp Hfn-™p Pohn-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

89

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]£n-Isf BI¿jn°mw hnhn[ ¢mkp-If - nse ]mT-`m-Kß - f - n¬ ]e-Xcw ]£n-Isf Ipdn®v kqN-\-Iƒ D≠v. Ahsb Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-apt≠m? ImWm≥ Ah-kc- a pt≠m? B ]£n- I sf Iptd- s b- ¶ nepw \ΩpsS kvIqƒ hf∏n¬ FØn-°m≥ km[n®mtem. AXp Ip´n-Iƒ°v e`n-°p∂ kph¿W \nan-j-ß-fm-b-cn-°pw. \ΩpsS kºp-jvS-amb ssPh sshhn-[ysØ \ne-\n¿tØ-≠Xv Bhiy-at- √. ]£n-Isf BI¿jn-°m\pw Ahbv°p IqsSm-cp-°m-\p-ap≈ GXm\w \n¿t±-i-ßƒ {i≤n-°p-I. \ΩpsS kmao]yw ]£n-Iƒ°v H´pw-Xs∂ t]Sntbm kwi-btam D≠m-°p-∂n√ F∂v Ft∏mgpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww.

]£n-Isf \ΩpsS kvIqƒ hf-∏n-te°v Fßs\ BI¿jn°mw? Nne \n¿t±-iß - ƒ:˛ 1.

sh≈w sh®p-sIm-Sp-°¬ ]£n-Iƒ°v Ipfn-°m\pw IpSn-°m\pw sh≈w sh®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. hf-∏ns‚ Hgn-™-`mKØv (a-\p-jy-kº - ¿°w A[n-Ia - n-√mØ `mK-Øv) ]c-∂Xpw A[nIw Bg-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amb ]m{XØn¬ \nXyhpw sh≈w \nd- ® p- s h- b v ° p- I . ]m{Xw \ne-Øp-\n∂pw A¬∏w Db-cØ - n¬ h°pI. \n¿`bw sh≈w IpSn-°m\pw Ipfn-°m\pw Ignbp-sa∂v t_m[y-am-bm¬ [mcmfw ]£n-Iƒ hf∏n¬ \nXy-k-µ¿i-I-cm-Ipw.

2.

Xo≥ta-i-sbm-cp-°¬

]£n- I ƒ°v `£Ww \¬In ]e ]£n- I - t fbpw hf- ∏ n- t e°v BI¿jn-°mw. ac-°p-‰n-bn¬ Dd-∏n® t{Sbn¬ [m\y-ßƒ ]g-ßƒ F∂nh hbv°mw. sNdnb IÆn-bp≈ he-k-©n-bn¬ tKmX-ºv, s\√v, ]b¿, I∏-e≠n-°pcp F∂nh \nd®v Xq°n-bn-Smw.

3.

IqSp-s]-´n-bp-≠m-°n-sh-°¬

amf-ß-fnepw ac-s]m-Øp-I-fnepw IqSp-Iq-´p∂ ]£nIsf BI¿jn-°p-hm≥ G‰hpw Ffp-∏-ap≈ H∂mWv ]£nIƒ°v IqSp-Iq-´p-hm≥ ]mI-Øn-\p≈ s]´n-Iƒ D≠m°n acß-fn¬ Dd-∏n-®p-sh-bv°¬. IqSv 10 ASn-bn¬ Ipd-bmsX Db-c-

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

90

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. {]th-i-\-Zzmcw s]´n-bpsS Nph-´n¬ \n∂v 4 C©v Db-c-Øn¬ Bbn-cn°Ww. Aßm-Sn-°p-cp-hn°v, apfw Ip‰n-Iƒ sIm≠v IqSp-≠m-°mw. ssa\, Aßm-Sn-°p-cp-hn, aÆm-Øn-∏p≈v F∂n-hbv°v a\p-jy-\n¿Ωn-X-amb IqSp-I-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p-hm≥ Xm¬]-cy-am-Wv. ]£n-Iƒ°v IqSv F∂Xv Ip™p-ßsf hf¿Øp∂-Xn-\p≈ c£m-tI{µw am{X-am-Wv. Ip™p-ßƒ ]d-°-ap-‰n-bm¬ IqSp-hn-´m¬ IqSp-Iƒ hrØn-bm-°-Ww. s]´n-bn¬ ]£n-I-b-d-Øp-S-ßn-bm¬ Ign-bp-∂Xpw a\p-jy-k-º¿°w Hgn-hm-°-Ww. Fs¥-¶nepw kwibw tXm∂n-bm¬ Ah IqSp-t]-£n®v s]mbv°-f-bpw.

]£n-I-sf-°p-dn®v IqSp-X-e-dn-bm≥ klm-b-I-am-bXpw ck-I-c-hp-amb Ipsd ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]£n-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Cu {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS imkv{X-t_m-[hpw {]IrXn kvt\lhpw Ip´n-I-fn¬ hf¿Øm≥ D]-I-cn-°pw. AXn-eqsS Ah¿ sIm®p-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m-cm-I-s´. 1. ]£n-I-fpsS Nn{X-ßƒ tiJ-cn-°p-I. 2. ]£n-I-fpsS Nn{X-ß-fp≈ Ãmºp-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°p-I. 3. ]£n-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ IS-¶-Y-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°p-I. 4. ]£n-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°p-I. 5. ]£n-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]m´p-Iƒ/Ihn-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn°pI 6. ]£n Iznkv \S-Øp-I. 7. ]£n-If - psS Blm-cc - o-Xn, Blm-cw, Blmcw tiJcn-°p∂ hn[w apX-e-bmh I≠p-]n-Sn°p-I. 8. ]£n-If - psS \mS≥t]cv, Cw•ojv t]cv, imkv{X-\maw XpS-ßnb ]´nI Xøm-dm°p-I. 9. ]£n-Iƒ Irjn°v Fs¥√mw klm-b-ßƒ sNøp-∂p-s≠∂v Is≠-Øp-I. 10. ]£n-I-fpsS ka-b-\njvT \nco-£n®p I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I. 11. ]q°m-ehpw ]£n-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w At\z-jn®p Is≠-Øp-I. 12. ]£n-Iƒ Dt]-£n® IqSpIƒ tiJ-cn-°¬ 13. ]£n Xqh¬ tiJ-cWw 14. Iq´-tØmsS \S-°p∂ ]£n-Iƒ GXv? H‰°v Cc-tX-Sp∂ ]£n-Iƒ GXv? 15. hwi-\miw h∂ ]£n-bpsS hnh-c-ßƒ tiJ-cn-°p-I.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

91

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS Pe-kw-c-£W {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hnhn[ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ Pe-kw-c-£W {]h¿Ø-\ßƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v hn\n-abw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn\p≈ kml-N-cy-ßƒ kvIqfn¬ Xs∂ D≠m-bncn-°-Ww. ag-]-¥¬, ag-sh≈ kw`-c-Wn, aen-\Pe ip≤o-I-c-Ww, ag-am-]n-\n, ag-°p-gn-Iƒ Chsb√mw ss{]adn ¢mkp-I-fnse ]T\ hnj-b-ßfm-Wv. Ip´n-Iƒ ssII-gp-Ip∂ sh≈-hpw, ]m{Xw Igp- I p∂ sh≈hpw ap®- ´ n- b - c n- ∏ - b psS XXzw {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ kwhn-[m-\Ø - n-eqsS IS-Øn-hn´v tiJ-cn®v Ipf-ß-fnepw sNSn-Iƒ°pw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. ag-sh≈ kw`-cW - n-bn¬ Acn-°¬ {]{Inb \S-°p∂ ÿeØv s]bn‚ v sNbvX \nc-If - psS t]cp-Iƒ, tcJ-s∏-SpØn hbv°p-∂Xv Acn-°¬ {]{Inb a\- n-em-°p-∂X - n\v klmbn-°pw. Pe-kw-c-£Ww hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWn® coXn-bn-ep≈ kwhn-[m-\-sam-cp°n Ip´n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn® Pe-sØ Acns®-SpØv sNSn-Iƒ°v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sh≈-Øns‚ Af-h-\p-k-cn®v Acn°p∂ ]m{X-Øns‚ hen∏w \n›-bn-°Ww. Acn-®n-d-ßp∂ sh≈w BZyw Sm¶n¬ kw`cn°p∂Xv AXn¬ \n∂pw sh≈w tImcn-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xv Ah-bnse kky-P¥pPme-ßƒ°v tZmj-ap-≠m-°pw. Sm¶v Db¿Øn shbv°m-\m-hp-sa-¶n¬ AXn¬ \n∂v tlmkp-hgn sh≈-saØn-°mw.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

92

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS amen-\y-kw-kvI-cWw kvIqfp-I-fn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ amen-\y-ßsf Dd-hnS-Øn¬ Xs∂ kwkvI-cn-°m-\p≈ am¿§-ßƒ Hmtcm kvIqfnepw Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. hnhn[ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS ]T\ hkvXphmbn amen\y kwkvIc - W coXn-Iƒ amdp-Ibpw ]T\w ^e-{]-Z-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNøpw. amen\y-ßsf ssPh amen-\y-ßƒ, AssPh amen-\y-ßƒ, A]-I-S-I-c-amb amen-\y-ßƒ F∂nßs\ Xcw Xncn®v CSm-\p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ kvIqfn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. ssPh amen-\y-ßƒ kwkv°-cn-°m-\p≈ hnhn[ am¿§-ßƒ ItºmÃv Ipgn-Iƒ, aÆnc Itºm-Ãv, _tbm-Kymkv πm‚p-Iƒ F∂nh ÿm]n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. CXn-eqsS ]mN-I-hm-X-Iw, kky-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\p≈ ssPh-hfw F∂nh e`n-°pw. As\¿´v cq]-I¬∏\ sNbvX t]m¿´-_nƒ _tbm-Kymkv πm‚pIƒ kvIqfp-Iƒ°v Gsd {]tbm P-\-s]-Spw. _‘-s∏tS≠ GP≥kn:˛ Pn√m F©n-\o-b¿ As\¿´v, CSp°n Ph: 04862 235152

sshth-dnbw (Vivarium) kkyßsfbpw P¥p- ° - s fbpw t\cn´v \nco£n°m\pw Kth-j-W-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm\pw klm-bn-°p∂ kwhn-[m-\-amWv πmÃn-Iv, Kymkv XpS- ß nb kpXm- c y- a mb hkv X p- ° ƒ sIm≠v \n¿Ωn® s]´n-I-fmWv sshth-dn-bw.

CXns\ AtIz-dn-bw, sStd-dnbw F∂n-ßs\ Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw. AtIz-dn-b-Øn¬ Pe Pohn-I-tf-bpw, sStd-dn-b-Øn¬ aÆn¬ ImWp∂ Pohn-I-tfbpw hf¿Ømw. sStd-dn-b-Øn¬ aÆv, Nc¬, aW¬, NIncn \mcp-Iƒ F∂nh CSmw. aÆn-c, A´Iƒ, H®v XpS-ßn-b-hsb t\cn¬ ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

93

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

Hm¿°n-tU-dnbw hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Hm¿°n-Up-Isf πmÃnIv jo‰p-Iƒ Ih¿ sNbvX ÿe-ß-fn¬ hf¿Ømw.

t]mfn-lukv/{Ko≥lukv t]mfn-lu-kp-Iƒ/{Ko≥ lukp-Iƒ {Ko≥ lukv C^Iv‰v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn kkyßsf hf¿Øp-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ IqSm-c-ßƒ BWv. kky-ßƒ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ Im¿_¨ ssU HmIvsskUv ]pd-Øp-t]m-ImsX XS™p \n¿Øn {]Imi kwt«-jW tXmXv h¿≤n-∏n°p-Ibpw X≥aqew DXv]m-Z\w IqSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kq£va Pohn-Iƒ, IoS-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS B{I-a-W-Øn¬ \n∂v kky-ßsf kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw {Ko≥ lukp-Iƒ klm-bn-°p-∂p. kqcy-{]-Imiw F√m ka-bØpw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw sNSn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw XW¬ ]c-Øp-∂Xv Hgnhm-°m\pw sX°v-˛-h-S°v Zni-bn-emWv t]mfn-lu-kp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°m-dv. IoS-ßƒ AIØp {]thin-°p-∂Xv XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw hmbp k©mcw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw C≥skIv‰v s\‰p-Iƒ hi-ßfnepw apI-fnse sNcp-hnepw ÿm]n-°m\pw kqcy-{]-Imiw F√m Zni-bnepw Xpey-ambn {]Xn^-en-∏n-°p∂ ]e ASp-°p-I-fp≈ πmÃnIv jo‰p-Iƒ Bh-c-W-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. kvIqfp-I-fn¬ t]mfn-lu-kp-I-fpsS amXrI ÿm]n®v sNdnb tXmXn¬ Irjn sNbvXm¬ \qX\ Irjn kmt¶-XnI hn-Zy-IfpsS km[y-X-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ffp-∏-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°mw. Irjn-h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ Bh-iy-amb kmº-ØnI klm-bßƒ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. IqSpX¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v:˛ 1. kwÿm\ tlm¿´n-°ƒ®-d¬ anj≥, Ph: 0471 2330857 2. sU]yq´n U--b-d-IvS¿ Hm^v A{Kn-Iƒ®¿, CSp°n Pn√ 3. Irjn-`-h-\p-Iƒ

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

94

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS Ipfw Hcp Bhm-k-hy-hÿ hnhn-[-ß-fmb kky-ßfpw P¥p-°fpw kq£va-Po-hn-Ifpw APo-hnb LS-I-ßfpw D≈ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv Ipfw. Bº¬, Xma-c, ]mb-ep-Iƒ, ssl{Un-√, Atkmf XpSßn ]e-Xc - Ø - n-ep≈ kky-ßfpw, a’y-ßƒ, R≠v, Xh-f, hm¬am-{In, H®v, ]mºv XpSßn ]eX-c-Øn-ep≈ P¥p-°sfbpw Ipf-Øn¬ ImWmw. IqSmsX Ptem-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ s]mßn-InS°p∂ kq£vaß - f - mb kky-πh - I - ß - f - pw, P¥p-πh - I - ß - fpw, kq£va-Po-hn-I-fmb Aao-_, ]mc-ao-kn-bw, bp•o-\, ssl{U F∂n-hbpw Ipf-Øn¬ D≠v. Xn∂p-Ibpw Xn∂-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂Xp hgn Du¿÷w ssIam‰w sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-I-fpsS irwJ-e-bmb Blm-c-irw-J-e-Iƒ ImWp-∂p. Cu Blm-c-irw-J-e-Iƒ XΩn¬ ]c-kv]cw Hcp Pmen-I-t]mse _‘-s∏´p ImWp-∂p. Atkm-f-bn¬ ImWp∂ kbmt\m _mIvSo-cn-b-Iƒ°v A¥co£- ss\{SPs\ ss\{SP≥ hf-am°n am‰m-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠v. Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-tbbpw Blm-c-irw-J-e-tbbpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Ipfw DØa amXr-I-bm-Wv.

\ng¬ LSn-Imcw GI-tZiw 30 cm hymk-Øn¬ hrØm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ Im¿Upt_m¿tUm, teml-jot‰m sh´n-sb-Sp-°p-I. CXv Ub¬ Bbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. Ub-ens‚ tI{µ-Øn-eqsS 1 to 1.15 ao‰¿ \of-ap≈ hÆw Ipd™ Ipg¬/Iºn IS-Øn-hn-Sp-I. (Nn{Xw t\m°p-I). Cu kwhn-[m\w Xnc›o\-ambn Xd-bn¬ hbv°p-tºmƒ ss]∏ns‚ A{Kw [rh \£-{X-Øn\p t\sc-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXn\v ÿe-Øns‚ A£mwiw F{X-sb-∂-dn-™m¬ B tImW-f-hn¬ hS-°p-Zn-i-bn¬ D]-Ic-W-Ønse ss]∏v {Iao-I-cn-®m¬ aXn-bm-Ipw. CXn-\p-tijw D]-I-c-W-Øns‚ ÿm\w am‰-cpXv. Ub-en¬ ss]∏ns‚ \ng¬ ka-b-a-\p-k-cn®v tcJ-s∏-SpØn h®p Ign-™m¬ \ng¬ LSn-Imc-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. Cu Ub-en¬ t\m°n 6 amk-°m-eta (kq-cy≥ DØ-cm¿≤tKm-f-Øn¬) kabw ImWm-\m-hq. kqcy≥ Z£n-Wm¿≤tKmfØn¬ hcp-tºmƒ \ng¬ Ub-en¬ D≠m-hn-√. Cub- h - k - c - Ø n¬ Ub- e ns‚ ]pd- I nse ss]∏ns‚ \ng¬ ta¬kq-Nn-∏n-®t- ]mse tcJ-s∏SpØn kabw IW- ° m- ° mw. Ub- e ns‚ \ng¬Ipg-en¬ ]Xn-°p-∂Xv {i≤n-®m¬ Znh-kßƒ amdp-tºmƒ hcp∂ hyXn-bm\w AhnsS ImWmw.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

95

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

bYm¿∞ hS°v GXv? GI-tZiw 50 cm Bc-ap≈ hrØw \netØm Dd-∏n® a‰p-{]-X-e-Øntem hc-°p-I. tI{µ-Øn¬ 40 cm \of-ap≈ t\sc-bp≈ Iºv Dd-∏n-°p-I. Iºns‚ \ngens‚ A{Kw cmhnse hrØ-Øn¬ sXmSp∂ _nµp hrØ-Øn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. sshIp-t∂cw \ng¬ hrØ-Øn¬ FØp∂ _nµphpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. hrØ tI{µ-w tImWns‚ io¿j-ambpw Cu c≠p _nµp-°ƒ `pP-ß-fn¬ hcp-∂-Xp-amb tImWns‚ ka-`mPn sX°p-h-S-°m-bn-cn-°pw. \ng-ens‚ A{Kw Hmtcm ka-bhpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ AXv LSn-Im-c-ambpw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. amk-ßƒ amdp-∂-Xn-\-\pk-cn®v Cu _nµp-°ƒ amdp-sa∂v Hm¿°p-a-t√m.

Cu ]≤-Xnsb B¿s°√mw klmbn°mw.... tIcf ssPh sshhn[y t_m¿Uv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ]≤Xn ]q¿Æ-ambn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ klm-b-ßƒ th≠n-h-cpw. em_nse hnhn[ kky-ß-tfbpw P¥p-°-tfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw hnh-c-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂Xn\pw klm-bn-°m≥ t_m¿Uns‚ Pn√m-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ (Project fellow) D≠v. Ah-cpsS tkh\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. t{]mPIvSv \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-hp-th≠ [\-k-lmbw e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v hniZ-amb t{]mPIvSv Xøm-dm°n t_m¿Un\v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. hnemkw: Member Secretary Kerala State Biodiversity Board L-14 Jai Nagar Medical College P.O. TVC - 695011 CSp°n Pn√m tImUn-t\-‰¿ : F≥.-c-ho-{µ≥, 9447753482

Irjn-`-h≥ AXXp {]tZ-i-ß-fnse Irjn-`-h-\-ßƒ°v Irjn-°pth≠n [\-k-lmbw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v t{]mPIvSv Xøm-dm°n BKÃv amk-Øn\p apºmbn ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Irjn-ÿ-e-Øns‚ Af-hn\v B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn Bbn-cn°pw XpI e`n-°p-∂-Xv.

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

96

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS tIcf imkv{X kmt¶-XnI ]cn-ÿnXn hIp∏v ssPh-ssh-hn[y t_m¿Un\p \¬Ip∂ t{]mPIvSv imkv{X kmt¶-XnI ]cn-ÿnXn hIp∏n\pw \¬Im-hp∂XmWv. Cu hIp-∏ns‚ Iogn-ep≈ F≥.-Pn.-kn.-bpsS Pn√m tIm-Un-t\-‰¿. Babu Sebastian - 9447131371 hnemkw Ub-d-IvS¿ tIcf imkv{X kmt¶-XnI ]cn-ÿnXn hIp∏v imkv{X-`-h≥ ]´w, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ]me-°mSv: Du¿÷ kwc-£W {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v IRTC ]me-°mSv Kth-jW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ klmbw e`y-am-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ♦ NqSm-dm-s∏´n (Hot box) ♦ ]pI-bn-√mØ ASp∏v ♦ _tbm-Kymkv πm‚ v F∂nh IRTC D¬∏-∂ß-fm-Wv.

IRTC

hnemkw: cPn-kv{Sm¿ IRTC

ap≠q¿ ]n.-H., ]me-°mSv Pn√ Ph: 0491 2832663, 2832324

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

97

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

“BELLS” School 2014-15

sXmSp-]pg D]-Pn√ 1.

Ub‰v em_v kvIqƒ

2. 3.

Fkv.-‰n.-bp.-]n.-F-kv.-sN-∏p-Ipfw dh.-^m. ‰n.-kn.-Fw.-Fw.-bp.-]n.-Fkv apf-∏pdw

4.

Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv.- s\Sp-a‰w

Ad-°pfw D]-Pn√ 1. 2.

sF.-F-®v.-C.-]n.-Pn. F¬.-]n.-F-kv. Ipf-amhv Kh. bp.-]n.-F-kv. ss]\mhv

3. 4.

Fkv.-Pn.-bp-]n.-Fkv. aqe-a‰w Pn.-F¬.-]n.-F-kv.-hm-g-tØm∏v

ASnamen D]-Pn√ 1. 2.

Pn.-F-®v.-F-kv. ASn-amen Pn.-F¬.-]n.-F-kv. sh≈-Øq-h¬

3. 4. 5.

Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. ]g-b-hn-SpXn Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. a®n-πmhv Pn.-F-®v.-F-kv. ap°pSw

I´-∏\ D]-Pn√ 1. 2.

Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. D∏p-tXmSv Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. hmg-hc

3.

Fkv.-Fw.-F¬.-]n.-F-kv. apcn-°m-t»cn

s\Sp-¶≠w D]-Pn√ 1. 2.

Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. I√m¿ tNm‰p-]md ]©m-bØv bp.-]n.-F-kv. s\Sp-¶≠w

aq∂m¿ D]-Pn√ 1.

Pn.-‰n.-F¬.-]n.-F-kv. Nº-°mSv

]ocp-taSv D]-Pn√ 1.

Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. h≠n-s∏-cn-bm¿

2. 3.

sk‚ v amXyqkv F¬.-]n.-F-kv. hmfm-dUn Pn.-‰n.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. Ipafn

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

98

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

BELLS ˛ s‚ AWn-b-d-bn¬

1.

aWn-em¬ ‰n.- F≥. Pn.-F-®v.-F-kv. ASn-amen

2.

kn. {]n≥kv Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. h≠n-s]-cnbm¿

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

9496461176 9447421596

AK-Ãn≥ tPmk^v Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. I√m¿tNm-‰p-]md

9947504125

tPm¿Pv h¿Kokv Ub‰v em_v bp.-]n.-F-kv. sXmSp-]pg

9447980277

Fw. -Pn. A\n¬Ip-am¿ dh.-^m. Sn.-kn.-Fw.-Fw.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. apf-∏pdw

9447427593

sd∂n hn.-sP. Pn.-bp.-]n.-F-kv. ]g-b-hn-SpXn

9656141567

F≥. cho-{µ≥ ssPh sshhn-[y-t_m¿Uv CSp°n Pn√m tIm˛-Hm-Un-t\-‰¿

9447753482

kp\n¬ Sn.- sI. t{]mPIvSv s^tem ssPh sshhn-[y-t_m¿Uv

9447386612

tPm≥kn amXyp, t{]mPIvSv s^tem, ssPh-ssh-hn[y t_m¿Uv

8589870613

jnPp-tam≥ eqt°mkv t{]mPIvSv s^tem ssPh sshhn[y t_m¿Uv

9496821938

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

99

\´ XobXn C\w/hn`mKw imkv{X \maw \º¿

A\p-_‘w ˛ 1

t]cv

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£Wime ssPh sshhn[y cPn-Ã¿

\So¬ hkvXp Fhn-sS-\n∂v

dnam¿Ivkv

CØ-c-Øn¬ Hcp ssPh sshhn[y cPn-Ã¿ ]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£W ime-bn¬ kq£n-°p-Ibpw Ip´n-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ A[ym-]-I-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ AXn¬ Bh-iy-amb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw thWw. GsX-¶nepw kkyw \in-®p-t]m-hp-I, Bh¿Ø-\-Irjn Bhiy-ambn hcnI F∂n-h-sb√mw dnam¿Ivkv tImf-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØmw C\w/hn`mKw F∂ tImfw Huj-[w, Blm-cw, ]qs®Sn F∂n-ßs\ tcJ-s∏-SpØmw

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

100

Ub‰v CSp°n-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B ELLS A\p-_‘w ˛ 2

]cn-ÿnXn ]co-£-W-ime

101

Bells Book - HB.pdf

A[ym-]-I-tcmSv. ss{]adn Â¢mkp-I-fnÂ¬ imkv{X-]-T\w \S-Â°p-âXv {]Ir-Xn-sbâ. hnim-e-amb ]co-Â£-W-im-e-bnÂ¬ hÂ®m-Wv. Npâ°p-]m-Sp-apâ kky-ÃÆ, Pohn- IÆ, hmbp, aÃv ...

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