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ag©wek^v‡mi welq Ges ag© Aegvbbv AvBb wkw_jKiY ag©xq ev ag©we‡ivax N„Yv I ag©vÜZv D‡ËwRZ Kivi cÖqvm, D‡ËRbvi cÖwZwµqvq Drcxob I mwnsmZv Ges Amš‧ó nIqvi ARynv‡Z nvgjv-nv½vgvi wb›`v Kiv AZ¨všÍ ¸iæZ¡cY~ ©| GB cÖe‡Ü ag©wek^v‡mi ¯^vaxbZvi Bmjvwg aviYvmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ges ivóªxq ag© Aegvbbv msµvšÍ A‡h․w³K AvBb kw³kvjx Kivi we‡ivwaZv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges wek^e¨vcx G ai‡bi AvBb cybwe©‡ePbvi Rb¨ mg_©b Kiv n‡q‡Q- Gme Kiv n‡q‡Q wb¤œwjwLZ hyw³i wfwˇZ: 1. ‣ewk^K †cÖÿvc‡U ag© Aegvbbvi e¨vL¨v Kivi RwUjZv i‡q‡Q: GKRb e¨w³i agx©q Aegvbbv Ab¨ e¨w³i ag©wek^v‡mi ¯^vaxbZv n‡Z cv‡i| 2. ag©xq Aegvbbv msµvšÍ AvBbmg~n wb›`bxqfv‡e Ace¨envi my‡hvM Av‡Q Ges `gbKvix miKvi¸‡jv Zv ag©xq msL¨vjNy‡`i weiæ‡× •elg¨g~jKfv‡e Kvh©Ki K‡i _v‡K| 3. Bmjvg a‡g©i †cÖÿc‡U, agx©q wel‡q †Rvi-Rei`w¯Íi Ici wb‡lavÁv KziAv‡bi GKU †g․wjK bxwZ: h_v_© ag©wek^vm ¯^vaxb B”Qv I cQ‡›`i Ici wfwËkxj| 4. ejcª‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g ag©wek^vm MÖnY I cvjb ¯úóiƒ‡c weï× bq Ges GRb¨ Zv wecixZ-dj`vqK| 5. ag© Aegvbbvi Rb¨ Acivax mve¨¯Í Kiv I kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡b KziAvb I mybœvn (im~j gynv¤§‡`i wkÿv)†Z ¯úó †Kv‡bv Aby‡gv`b †bB: cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, Gi wecixZ Ae¯
v we`¨gvb; G m¤ú‡K© ag©MÖ‡š
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vi cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î D‡jøL¨ ag© Aegvbbv I ¯^ag©Z¨v‡Mi †ÿ‡Î K‡Vvi, ga¨hy‡Mi Bmjvwg AvBbweÁvb weKwkZ nq imy‡ji mgqKv‡ji K‡qK kZvãxi ci| 6. Bmjvg msµvšÍ ag©MÖ‡š
 ag©wek^vm‡K DrmvwnZ Ges cweÎ wb`k©b¸‡jv‡K m¤§vb Kiv n‡q‡Q; Gi j•N‡bi †Kv‡bv kvw¯Í Acvw_©e A_v©r Ab¨ †Kvb-RM‡Zi welq Ges Zv RvMwZK cÖYxZ AvBb I kvw¯Íi welq bq| 7. KziAv‡bi †PZbvMZ `„wófw½ n‡jv ag©wek^vm I ag© wb‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e Av‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv, †hb Gme wel‡q ÁvZ weKí¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z gvbyl ¯^vaxbfv‡e •bwZK cÖ wZwbwa n‡Z mÿg nq 8. chv©‡jvPbv I Av‡jvPbv Av`k©MZfv‡e wkóvPvim¤úbœ, m¤§vbRbK I gvwR©Z nIqv DwPZ: hLb GUv nq bv ZLb Acgvb, AgvwR©Z AvPiY I Drcxo‡bi wecix‡Z gymwjg‡`i Reve w`‡Z nq •ah©, mwnòzZv, ÿgv I mnvbyf‚wZi mv‡_| Dc‡iv³ we‡ePbv¸‡jv GLb Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv: 01

1. ag© Aegvbbvi (eøvm‡dwg) e¨vL¨v Kivi RwUjZv ‣ewk^K †cÖÿvcU ag© Aegvbbvi (eøvm‡dwgÕi) e¨vL¨v Kivi RwUjZv: GKR‡bi ag© Aegvbbv Ab¨R‡bi ag©wek^v‡mi ¯^vaxbZv n‡Z cv‡i| agx©q wek^v‡mi •ewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y GKR‡bi ag©wek^vm cÖvq †ÿ‡ÎB A‡b¨i ag©wek^vm‡K fzj g‡b n‡Z cv‡i Ges m¤¢eZ GgbwK Zv ÿwZ wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j ag© Aegvbbvi m„wó nq| `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e ejv hvq Avjøvn, gynv¤§`, hxïLªx÷, ey×, wn›`y‡`i †`e-‡`ex Ges wewfbœ bxwZkv¯¿ I mvgvwRK welq m¤ú‡K© we‡k^i cÖavb ag©¸‡jvi cÖvq †ÿ‡Î wfbœ ai‡bi e¨³ mvaviY m~Î I ag©wek^vm Av‡Q| we‡k^i cÖavb ag©¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgš^q I mvgÄm¨ weavb I mva‡bi Rb¨ G¸‡jv n‡jv eyw×e„wËK I agx©q c_, †hgb gigx HwZn¨ I wPišÍb `k©b, wKš‧ Gme me©mvavi‡Yi Av‡jvPbv †_‡K `~‡i ivLv nq| wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv GKwU ag© ev mvaviYfv‡e a‡g©i ch©v‡jvPbv I mgv‡jvPbv Kiv e¨w³ ev GK ag© †_‡K Ab¨ a‡g© agv©šÍwiZ e¨w³iv Gfv‡e mn‡R ag© Aegvbbvi Awfhy³ nq Ges Gi wfwˇZ Zv‡`i Ici •elg¨g~jK AvPiY Kiv nq, GgbwK m¤¢eZ Zviv †d․R`vix AvB‡bi wePv‡ii gy‡LvgywL nq|1 `ytLRbK n‡jI mwZ¨, gymjgv‡biv Ab¨ a‡g©i weiæ‡× ag© Aegvbbvi cÖm‡½ gymwjgiv cÖvq †ÿ‡ÎB AZ¨šÍ g›` Acivax wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq| hw` gymwjg ag© Abymvix‡`i cweÎ wb`k©b¸‡jv‡K Acgvb Kiv nq, Zvn‡j Zviv Amš‧ó n‡q me‡P‡q †ewk †kvi‡Mvj K‡i| `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, wgkixq mgvR I wgwWqvi Bûw`‡`i weiæ‡× AvµgYvZœK Dw³ GKUv mvaviY welq| Avevi wgmi 2, cvwK¯Ívb I 3 B‡›`v‡bwkqvq wLª÷vb‡`i weiæ‡× N„Yvi cÖ‡ivPYvq nvgjv-nv½vgv nq, `je×fv‡e nvgjvKvix RbZv AvµgY K‡i| Gi Ab¨ GKwU `„óvšÍ n‡jv, mvevZ ag©vbyôvb (wekÖvg-w`em m¤úwK©Z) Øviv cwiwÿZ BmivBwj m¤úª`vq m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡bi GKwU eY©bv: mnbkxj Bmjvwg HwZn¨ GUv me mgq AvZœcixÿvg~jKfv‡e cvV Kiv n‡q‡Q; Bûw`, wLª÷vb I gymwjgiv G †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Zey, †h-me DMÖ gymwjg ag©cÖPviK N„Y cÖPvi K‡i, Zviv wbqwgZfv‡e GB eY©bv‡K fzjfv‡e D×…Z K‡i GUv cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ †h, Bûw`iv (Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv, wLª÷vbiv) n‡jv Ôevbi I k~KiÕ|4 D‡jøL¨ †h, G ai‡bi ci¯úiwe‡ivaZx AvPiY KziAv‡b wb›`v Kiv n‡q‡Q: `y‡f©vM Zv‡`i Rb¨ hviv gv‡c Kg †`q, hviv †jv‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †g‡c †bIqvi mgq c~Y ©gvÎvq MÖnY K‡i, Ges hLb Zv‡`i Rb¨ †g‡c ev IRb K‡i †`q ZLb Kg †`q| Zviv wK wPšÍv K‡i bv †h, Zviv cybiæwÌZ n‡e wKqvg‡Zi w`b? †hw`b mKj gvbyl `uvov‡e RMZmg~‡ni cÖwZcvj‡Ki mvg‡b (83:16)|

2. ag© Aegvbbv (eøvm‡dwg) AvB‡b jÿ¨Yxq Ace¨envi ag© Aegvbbv AvBb wb›`bxqfv‡e Ace¨env‡ii my‡hvM Av‡Q, Ges `gbKvix Zv ag©xq msL¨vjNy‡`i weiæ‡× •elg¨g~jKfv‡e Kvh©Ki K‡i| Gi A‡bK wjwLZ `wjj Av‡Q| gvbevwaKvi m¤úwK©Z GKwU

02

†emiKvwi msMVb mv¤úªwZK GK M‡elYvc‡Î we¯ÍvwiZ `„óvšÍ w`‡q‡Q wKfv‡e ag© Aegvbbv AvB‡bi gva¨‡g t(i) ivóªxq ch©v‡q Av‡jvPbv `gb I wfbœgZ †cvlY Kiv nq, (ii)

msNe× nvgjvKvixi nvgjv-nv½vgv ùzwj‡½i g‡Zv Qwo‡q c‡o,

(iii)

ag©, wPšÍvi I wek^v‡m ¯^vaxbZv‡K j•Nb Kiv nq Ges

(iv)

e¨w³MZ we‡iva wb®úwˇZ nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|

5

D³ wi‡cv‡U© wjwLZ AwaK msL¨K NUbvi eY©bvq gymwjg msL¨vMwiô †`k¸‡jv‡Z Bmjv‡gi weiæ‡× ag© Aegvbbvi †`vl‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q, hw`I Gme g~j `„óv‡šÍi g‡a¨ wKQz msL¨K e¨wZµgagx© NUbv i‡q‡Q|

3. KziAv‡bi bxwZ n‡jv Ôa‡g©i e¨vcv‡i †Rvi-Rei`w¯Í †bBÕ Bmjvwg †cÖÿvc‡U, agx© wel‡q †Rvi-Rei`w¯Íi Ici wb‡lavÁv KziAv‡bi GKUv †gŠwjK bxwZ: h_v_© ag©wek^vm ¯^vaxb B”Qv I AwfcÖvqÕi Ici wfwËkxj| (i) KziAv‡bi GKUv mywew`Z AvqvZ n‡jv, ÔÔa‡g©I e¨vcv‡i †Rvi-Rei`w¯Í †bBÕÕ (2:256) Ae-1 Ges G Avqv‡Z Bmjv‡gi †g․wjK Zvrch© e¨³ n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq, we‡klfv‡e G AvqvZwU G‡m‡Q ÔKzimxi AvqvZÕÕ- Gi (2:255) ci ciB Ñ G Avqv‡Z Avjøvni gwngvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Ges imyj gynv¤§` G AvqvZ‡K ÔÔKziAv‡bi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡cY~ © AvqvZÕÕ e‡j eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zvrch©c~Y© welq GB †h, imyj gynv¤§‡`i PvPv I AbyMvgx (mvnvwe) Ges KziAvb fvl¨KviM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKRb kxl©¯
vbxq e¨w³Z¡ Beb AveŸvm e¨vL¨v K‡ib †h, †h-me mvnvwei mšÍvbiv Bûw` I wLª÷vb a‡g© ag©všÍwiZ nq †m-me mvnvwei `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e G AvqvZwU (2:256) bvwRj nq; G Avqv‡Zi wfwˇZ IBme mvnvwe‡K wb‡la Kiv nq †h, Zviv †hb Zv‡`i mšÍvb‡`i Bmjvg a‡g© ag©všÍwiZ nIqvi Rb¨ ejcÖ‡qvM bv K‡i|6 Gfv‡e, G Avqv‡Z †jvK‡`i ejcÖ‡qv‡M Bmjvg a‡g© ag©všÍwiZ Kiv ïay wb‡laB Kiv nqwb, †¯^”Qvq Bmjvg ag© Z¨vM Kivi †ÿ‡ÎI Avqv‡Z Aby‡gv`b ‡`Iqv n‡q‡Q| (ii) imyj gynv¤§`‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i bvwRj nIqv KyiAv‡bi Ab¨ GKUv P‚ovšÍ I AvqvZ n‡jv, ÔÔ‡Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK B”Qv Ki‡j c„w_ex‡Z hviv Av‡Q Zviv mK‡j Aek¨B wek^vm Avb‡Zv; Z‡e wK Zzwg gywgb nIqvi Rb¨ gvby‡li Ici Rei`w¯Í Ki‡e? (10:99)ÕÕ

03

GKRb cÖavb fvl¨Kvi Beb KvwQi Ab¨ A‡b‡Ki cÖm½ D‡jøL K‡i GB Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq wbwðZ K‡i e‡jb †h, Cgvb m¤úwK©Z welqwU e¨w³ I Avjøvni ga¨Kvi welq: Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ G‡Z 7 n¯Í‡ÿc Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| (iii)

GKB ai‡bi GKUv AvqvZ D×…Z Kiv nq, b~n bex K_viK_vq Zuvi m¤úª`vq‡K wRÁvmv K‡ib, ÔÔAvwg wK G wel‡q †Zvgv‡`i‡K eva¨ Ki‡Z cvwi, hLb †Zvgviv GwU‡K AcQ›` Ki?ÕÕ (11:28)

cÖ_vMZ fvl¨KviMY wbwðZ K‡i e‡jb †h, GB Avqv‡ZiI A_© n‡jv, a‡g©i e¨vcv‡i †Rvi-Rei`w¯Í †bB| cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi wbf©i‡hvM¨ e¨w³Z¡ KvZv`v‡K D×…Z K‡ib Zvevwi I Beb KvwQi; KvZv`v e‡jb, ÔÔAvjøvni kc_, hw` b~n Zuvi m¤úª`vq‡K Cgvb Avb‡Z ejcÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mg_© n‡Zb Zvn‡j wZwb Zv 8 Ki‡Zb, wKš‧ ‡mUv Zuvi KZ…©‡Z¡i g‡a¨ wQj bv|ÕÕ

4. ejcª‡qv‡M ag©wek^vm Awm× ejcÖ‡qv‡M ag©wek^vm MÖnY I cvjb ¯úóiƒ‡c weï× bq- Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK hyM †_‡K kZvãxi ci kZvãx a‡i GUv Bmjvwg ag©ZË¡we` I e¨envikv¯¿Á e¨w³MY D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| c~‡e©i e³e¨ †_‡K †h․w³Kfv‡e Avmv GUv GKUv my¯úó we‡ePbv| Bmjv‡gi GKRb cÖwm× ag©ZË¡w e` Mv¾vwj AZ¨šÍ `„pfv‡e mg_©b K‡ib †h, wbw¯…q Ae¯
v A_ev ejcÖ‡qv‡Mi †P‡q eis ag©wek^vm I 9 ag©nxbZvi mv‡_ mwµq ag©wek^vm A_ev Awek^vm RwoZ| G Kvi‡Y, Ab¨ †jv‡Ki Ici wek^vm I ag©wek^vm MÖn‡Y ejcÖ‡qv‡Mi †Póv Ges Zv‡`i cÖkœ, mgv‡jvPbv I AbymÜvb Kivi AwaKvi mxwgZ Kiv KL‡bv mvaviY †jv‡Ki AvMÖ‡ni welq bq| N„Yvi cÖ‡ivPbv I Drcxob wbðqB wfbœ welq, wKš‧ Zv ïay agx©q ¯
vcbvi g‡a¨ mxwgZ bq Ges Zv mvaviY, †`Iqvbx AvB‡bi AšÍfz©³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

5. Bmjv‡gi Drm ag©MÖ‡š’ ag© Aegvbbvi (eøvm‡dwg) Rb¨ Aciva mve¨¯Í Kiv nqwb ag© Aegvbbvi Rb¨ Aciva mve¨¯Í Kiv I kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡b KyiAvb I mybœvn‡Z (imyj gynv¤§‡`i wkÿv) ¯úó †Kv‡bv Aby‡gv`b †bB: cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, Gi wecixZ Ae¯’v we`¨gvb; G m¤ú‡K© ag©MÖ‡š’i wKQz AvqvZ fzjfv‡e DׄZ Kiv nq| hvi meKwU AvqvZB hy×Kvjxb mg‡qi Ae¯’vi cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q, Ges ag© Aegvbbv I ¯^ag©Z¨v‡Mi †ÿ‡Î K‡Vvi, ga¨hy‡Mi Bmjvwg AvBb-weÁvb weKwkZ nq imy‡ji mgqKv‡ji K‡qK kZvãx ci| c~‡e©B D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, KziAv‡b ag©wek^vm Ges ag© I wek^v‡m ¯^vaxbZv‡K Aby‡gv`b †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|10 wbw`©ófv‡e wKQy AvqvZ bvwRj nq Bûw` I wLª÷vb‡`i Rb¨ GB bxwZ iÿv Kivi Rb¨, hw`I gymwjg‡`i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Bûw` I wLª÷vb‡`i ag©wek^vm ag© Aegvbbvi (Kzdi ev Awek^vm) kvwgj: 04

A_v©r gynv¤§‡`i imyj nIqv‡K A¯^xKvi, hxïi hxïLªx÷ nIqv‡K A¯^xKvi Ges hxïLªx‡÷i Ici †`eZ¡ Av‡ivc|

G m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡bi K‡qKwU AvqvZ wb¤œiƒc: (i) wbðqB hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q, hviv Bûw` n‡q‡Q Ges wLª÷vb I mvweBb-hviv Avjøvn I AvwLiv‡Z Cgvb Av‡b I mrKvR K‡i, Zv‡`i Rb¨ cyi¯‥vi Av‡Q Zv‡`i cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbKU| Zv‡`i ‡Kv‡bv fq †bB Ges Zviv `ytwLZI n‡e bv| (2:62 Ges GKB iKg AvqvZ 5:69) G Avqv‡Z ¯úófv‡e me©Rbxb evYx i‡q‡Q hv Avqv‡Z ewY©Z †jvK‡`i e¨vL¨vi AbyK‚‡j, †hLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi AvšÍwiK agx©q Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g gyw³ cvIqv hvq; Avqv‡Z ewY©Z †jvK‡`i evB‡ii †jv‡Ki e¨vL¨vq a‡i †bIqv nq †h, ïay wek^vmx gymwjgivB gyw³i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ gvb c~Y© Ki‡e| (ii) wbðqB hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q, Ges hviv Bûw` n‡q‡Q, hviv mvweqx, wLª÷vb I AwMœc~RK Ges hviv gykwiK n‡q‡Q wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvn Zv‡`i g‡a¨ dqmvjv K‡i ‡`‡eb| Avjøvn†Zv me wKQzi mg¨K cÖZ¨ÿKvix| (222:17) G Avqv‡Z D‡jøwLZ mKj agx©q `j‡K gyw³i wbðqZv †`Iqv nqwb, Z‡e cybiæw³ Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, ciKv‡j Zv‡`I g‡a¨ Hk^wiK wePvi my¯úófv‡e cÖKvk cv‡e| Gi ga¨ w`‡q wewfbœ agx© †Mvôxi g‡a¨ kvwšÍc~Y© mnve¯
v‡bi ¯úó, †h․w³K, e¨envwiK I cÖv‡qvwMK Bmjvwg c‡_i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q: cÖwZwU agx©q m¤úª`vq Ab¨‡K ÿwZ bv K‡i wb‡Ri c_ Abymi‡Yi AwaKvix, m¤¢eZ GUv wek^vm K‡i I hyw³ †`wL‡q ‡h, G ag© A‡b¨i ‡P‡q DËg, Ges wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvn Zv‡`i mevi g‡a¨ dqmvjv K‡i †`‡eb| ‡c․ËwjK kÎæ I hy×Kvjxb mg‡qi wek^vmNvZK gymwjg‡`i m¤ú‡K© ejv nq, ÔÔ‡hLv‡b Zv‡`i‡K cv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡eÕÕ (2:191, 4:89 Ges 4:91), G AvqvZwU cÖvqB fyjfv‡e DׄZ Kiv nq| G Avqv‡Z Bûw`‡`i cÖm‡½ ejv nqwb, A_P †gjvwb wdwjcm (Melanie Phillips)- Gi g‡Zv †jLKiv evi evi G wg_¨v `vwe K‡i‡Qb| G Avqv‡Zi c~‡e©i AvqvZ †_‡K GUv my¯úó nq| IB Avqv‡Z eiv nq: ÔÔhviv †Zv‡g‡`i weiæ‡× hy× K‡i †ZvgivI Avjøvni c‡_ Zv‡`i weiæ‡× hy× Ki; wKš‧ mxgvj•Nb K‡iv bv| wbðqB Avjøvn mxgvj•NbKvix‡`i fv‡jvev‡mb bv|ÕÕ (2:190) GUv mZ¨ †h, imyj‡K Dcnvm Kivi Rb¨ Bmjvwg cÖ_v Abyhvqx GK ev `yRb †c․ËwjK Kwe‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| wKš‧ GUv Kiv n‡qwQj hy‡×i ‡cÖÿvc‡U: mvZ kZ‡Ki Aviweq ms¯‥…wZ‡Z evPwbK HwZn¨ cÖej wQj| msNe× cÖcvMvÛv I gb¯ÍvwË¡K hy‡× KweZv‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| e¯‧Z, imyj gynv¤§` wb‡RI Zuvi `yRb `ÿZvm¤úbœ Kwe nvmvb web mvweZ I Ave`yjøvn web ivIqvnv‡K G Rb¨ djcÖm~fv‡e e¨envi K‡ib| nvmvb‡K imyj e‡jb, ÔÔ‡Zvgvi KweZv Avgv‡`i Zx‡ii †P‡q Zv‡`i‡K †ewk AvNvZ K‡i| ÕÕ11

6. GKgvÎ AvjøvnB wePvi Ki‡Z Ges cweÎ e¯‘ AcweÎKi‡Yi kvw¯Í w`‡Z cv‡ib 05

Bmjvwg ag©MÖ‡š’ ag©wek^vm‡K DrmvwnZ Ges cweÎ wb`k©bvejx‡K m¤§vb Kiv n‡q‡Q; Gi j•N‡bi †Kv‡bv kvw¯Í Acvw_©e A_©vr Ab¨ RM‡Zi welq Ges Zv RvMwZK cÖYxZ AvBb I kvw¯Íi welq bq| GUv Avjøvn, imyj gynv¤§` Ges KziAv‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI mZ¨Ñ Gi Awbevh© dj¯^iƒc Bmjv‡gi weiæ‡× ag© Aegvbbv nq| G m¤ú‡K© A‡bK AvqvZ Av‡Q, †hgb: (i) ejyb, ÔÔwe`ªæc Ki‡Z _v‡Kv; †Zvgiv hv fq Ki Avjøvn Zv cÖKvk K‡i †`‡eb|ÕÕ Avcwb Zv‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡j Iiv wbðqB ej‡e, ÔÔAvgiv †Zv Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv I wµqv-‡K․ZzK KiwQjvg|ÕÕ ejyb, ÔÔ‡Zvgiv wK Avjøvn, Zuvi wb`k©b I Zuvi imyj‡K we`ªæc KiwQ‡j?ÕÕ †Zvgiv †`vl övj‡bi †Póv K‡iv bv| †Zvgiv †Zv Cgvb Avbvi ci Kzdwi K‡i‡Q| †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv `j‡K ÿgv Ki‡jI Ab¨ `j‡K kvw¯Í †`eÑ KviY Zviv cvcx| (9:64-66) G Avqv‡Z ag©wek^vm‡K we`ªæc Kivi Rb¨ Hk^wiK ÿgv I kvw¯Íi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q: cÖ_vMZ fvl¨Kvi‡`i g‡Z, Av‡Liv‡Z GB kvw¯Í †`Iqv n‡e e‡j Abyaveb Kiv hvq| (ii) Avjøvn imy‡ji cÖwZ AbyMÖn K‡ib Ges Zuvi †d‡ikZvMYI imy‡ji Rb¨ AbyMÖn cÖv_©bv K‡i| †n gywgbMY! †ZvgivI imy‡ji Rb¨ AbyMÖn cÖv_©bv Ki Ges Zuv‡K h_vh_fv‡e m¤§vb RvbvI| hviv Avjøvn I imyj‡K cxov †`q, Avjøvn †Zv Zv‡`i‡K `ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Z Awfkß K‡ib Ges wZwb Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ¯‧Z K‡i †i‡L‡Qb jvÃbv`vqK kvw¯Í| hviv gywgb cyiæl I gywgb bvix‡`i‡K cxov †`q Ggb †Kv‡bv Aciv‡ai Rb¨ hv Zviv K‡iwb, Zviv Acev‡`i I ¯úó cv‡ci †evSv enb K‡i| (33:56-58) Gme Avqv‡Z D‡ËRbvi gy‡L gh©v`vc~Y© gymwjg cÖwZwµqv‡K me mgq DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q: Avjøvni Bev`‡Z I imyj‡K kÖ×v Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‧ Avjøvn, gynv¤§` I wek^vmx‡`i weiæ‡× AvµgYvZœK AvPi‡Yi wel‡q ciKv‡j e¨e¯
v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Avjøvni Ici †Q‡o w`‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| Gi GKgvÎ e¨wZµg n‡jv Rxeb, m¤§vb I RxweZ †jvK‡`i m¤§v‡bi cÖwZ Acivag~jK Drcxob- G Rb¨ b¨vh¨ cÖwZKvi‡K mnR Ki‡Z AvB‡bi Avek¨K nq|

7. KziAv‡bi †PZbvMZ `„wófw½ n‡jv ag©wek^vm wb‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e Av‡jvPbv I ZK©weZK© Kiv KziAv‡bi †PZbvMZ `„wófw½ n‡jv ag©wek^vm I ag© wb‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e Av‡jvPbv I ZK© -weZK© Kiv, †hb Gme wel‡q ÁvZ weKí¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z gvbyl ¯^vaxbfv‡e •bwZK cÖwZwbwa n‡Z mÿg nq| G m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A_P Kg-cwiwPZ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ¸‡jv n‡jv:

06

(i) mymsev` `vI Avgvi ev›`v‡`i‡K! hviv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i K_v †kv‡b Ges Zvi g‡a¨ hv DËg Zv MÖnY K‡i| Zv‡`i‡K Avjøvn mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡ib Ges ZvivB †evakw³m¤úbœ| (39:17-18) L¨vZbvgv fvl¨Kvi hvgvLkvwi wbwðZ K‡ib †h, GB AvqvZ‡K wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i: ag©MÖ‡š
i (Ges G Rb¨ Bmjvg Ges mvaviYfv‡e a‡g©i) wewfbœ e¨vL¨v †jv‡Kiv cvq Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡Q hv 12 me‡P‡q †ewk A_©en Zv Zviv AbymiY K‡i| Beb AveŸvm‡K D×…Z K‡i‡Qb KziZzwe| Be‡b AveŸvm GB Avqv‡Zi A_© Av‡iv e¨vcK K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ÔK_vÕ-i A_© K‡i‡Qb me K_vÑ ag©MÖ‡š
 wjwce× ïay ¯^Mx©q K_v bq|13 †hLv‡b †jv‡Kiv ci¯ú‡ii K_v †kv‡b Ges Zviv DËg e‡j hv MY¨ K‡i Zv AbymiY K‡iÑ wewfbœ agx©q m¤úª`vq I †Mvôxi g‡a¨ kvwšÍc~Y© mnve¯
v‡bi Rb¨ KziAv‡bi GB bxwZ Bmjvwg wfwˇK Av‡iv cÖmvwiZ K‡i| (ii) ‡Zvgiv †h wel‡qB gZ‡f` Ki bv †KbÑ Zvi gxgvsmv †Zv AvjøvniB Kv‡Q| (42:10) GB AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© ci¤úivMZ GKwU gZ n‡jv G‡Z wePvi w`e‡mi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, c~‡e© Av‡jvPbv Kiv 22:17 Avqv‡Zi g‡Zv, 14 A_©vr ciKv‡j Avjøvni gxgvsmvi Rb¨ gvby‡li wb‡R‡`i gZ‡f‡`i gxgvsmv ¯
wMZ Kiv Avek¨K| (iii) ejyb, ÔÔAvKvkgÛjx I c„w_ex n‡Z †K †Zvgv‡`i‡K wiwhK cÖ`vb K‡ib?ÕÕ ejyb, ÔÔAvjøvn| nq Avgiv bv nq †Zvgiv mrc‡_ w¯
Z A_ev ¯úó weåvwšÍ‡Z cwZZ|ÕÕ (34:24) gynv¤§‡`i RxeÏkvq Avi‡e cÖPwjZ †c․ËwjK cÖwZgv-c~Rv I eûZ¡ev`x agx©q gZev` I Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ ZK©-weZ‡K©i GKwU Ask n‡jv GB AvqvZwU| GUv ¯úó †h, G Avqv‡Z g°vi IB cÖm‡½i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| A‡b‡K NUbvq KziAv‡b cybiæw³ Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, cÖvPxb Aviweq cÖwZgv-c~Rvi †P‡q Bmjvwg GKZ¡ev`x agx©q gZev` †kÖô| hv‡nvK, G Avqv‡Z hyw³i LvwZ‡i imyj‡K wbi‡cÿ Ae¯
vb Aej¤^‡bi wb‡`©k †`Iqv n‡q‡Q: Avmyb, Avgiv Avgv‡`i hyw³ Dc¯
vcb KwiÑ Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ ‡h-‡Kv‡bv cÿ nq mwVK A_ev åvšÍ| KziAv‡bi GB bxwZ ¯^vaxb wPšÍv, ZK©-weZK© I Av‡jvPbvi †ÿ‡Î Aby‡cÖiYvi GKwU mg„× Bmjvwg HwZn¨|

Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m ¯^vaxb ZK©-weZK© Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m †`Lv hvq †h, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Lwjdv ag©wek^v‡mi AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq m¤ú‡K© D”P-ch©v‡q AvšÍ-ag©wek^vm I ag©ZË¡ m¤úwK©Z ZK©-weZK©‡K mwµqfv‡e DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Gme ZK©weZ‡K©i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU Lwjdvi wb‡Ri `iev‡iB AbywôZ nq Ges IBme Abyôv‡b cÖavb i¨vwe(Bûw` cy‡ivwnZ), wekc (wLª÷vb ag©hvRK) I Bmjvwg ag©ZË¡we`MY Dcw¯
Z _vK‡Zb| ZvQvov gymwjg wPšÍvwe`, `vk©wbK I KweMY †Kv‡bviKg Awf‡hv‡Mi gy‡LvgywL bv n‡qB cÖKv‡k¨ ÔcÖPwjZ ag©gZweiæ×Õ gZ cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, Avj-wKbw`, Avj-ivwR, Avj-dvivwe, Beb wmbv (A¨vwf‡mbv) I Beb iæk` (A¨vwf‡ivm)-Gi g‡Zv weL¨vZ gymwjg weÁvbx I `vk©wbK‡K ÔcÖPwjZ

07

ag©gZweiæ×Õ e‡j †`vlv‡ivc Kiv nq Ges Mv¾vwj I Beb ZvBwgqvi g‡Zv ÔcÖPwjZ ag©g‡Zi cÖwZ wbôvevbÕ mywbœ gymwjg ag©ZË¡we` Zv‡`i‡K ag© Aegvbbvi Rb¨ Awfhy³ K‡ib| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, Ab¨iv ÔcÖPwjZ ag©g‡Zi cÖwZ wbôvevbÕ weL¨vZ e¨w³MY‡K ÔcÖPwjZ ag©gZweiæ×Õ e‡j †`vlv‡ivc K‡i Ges Zuv‡`i RxeÏkv‡ZB Zuv‡`i‡K ag© Aegvbbvi Rb¨ Awfhy³ Kiv nq| GgbwK Zuviv Kvivevm, †eÎNvZ I `v½vKvix RbZvi Drcxo‡bi wkKvi nb| `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, Bmjv‡gi mywbœ gZv`‡k©i K‡qKRb weL¨vZ e¨w³ Avey nvwbdv, Avng` web nv¤^j, Avkvwi, eyLvwi, Mv¾vwj, KvwR Avey eKi, Beb Avivwe, Beb ZvBwgqv, myewK Ges Beb Avj-Kvwq‡gi †ÿ‡Î GUv mZ¨| Avng` web nv¤^‡ji g‡Zv e¨w³‡`i HwZn¨MZ ag©wek^vm I wkÿvi weiæ‡× AveŸvwmq Lwjdv Avj-gvgyb ivóªxq D‡`¨v‡M hyw³ev`x (gyZwRjvBU) ÔwgnbvÕ ev Z`šÍ Av`vjZ (Inquisition) (827-847) cÖwZôv K‡ib| `yB `kK ci cieZx© LwjdvMY Ae‡k‡l Zv evwZj K‡ib| imyj gynv¤§‡`i ci `yB kZvãxi g‡a¨ weKwkZ Bmjvwg ag©MÖ‡š
i HwZn¨MZ, e¨enviZË¡MZ, wewamsMZ, hyw³msMZ, eyw×e„wË-msµvšÍ, `k©b-m¤úwK©Z Ges ag©ZË¡-m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨vcK e¨vL¨vi Ici wfwË K‡i A‡b¨i Ici agx©q wek^vm Kvh©Ki Kivi we‡ePbvnxb cÖqvm m¤ú‡K© cÖavb avivi Bmjvg mvaviYfv‡e GB AwfÁZv †_‡K wkÿv jvf K‡i| GKRb mgmvgwqK wLª÷vb cwÛ‡Zi g‡Z, Ggb mswÿß mgqKv‡ji g‡a¨ wPšÍvi GB we‡ùviY gvbe BwZnv‡m AwØZxq|15 mgKvjxb agx©q ixwZi Dcnvmmn gy³wPšÍvi Ab¨vb¨ `„óvšÍ ¯
vcb K‡ib gymwjg KweMY| AveŸvwmqhy‡Mi weL¨vZ Kwe AvZvwnqv (748-828)- Gi K_v `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e ejv hvq| imy‡ji ci `yB kZvãxiI Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ wZwb PgrKvifv‡e gšÍe¨ K‡ib: gvbeRvwZi g‡a¨ gvÎ `yÕai‡bi †jvK Av‡Q: ag©wek^v‡m hviv Ag‡bv‡hvMx, Ges hviv ag©wek^vmnxb g‡bi AwaKvix| cÖPwjZ ag©g‡Zi weiæ‡× g‡Zi Rb¨ Zuv‡K Awfhy³ Kiv nq, wKš‧ GRb¨ Zuv‡K KL‡bv wePvi Kiv nqwb| Lwjdvi GKRb DccZœx‡K wb‡q †cÖ‡gi KweZv iPbv Kivq Zuvi (Lwjdvi) †gRvR weM‡o hvq Ges GRb¨ Zuv‡K ïay ew›` Kiv nq| Avi GKwU `„óvšÍ n‡jv ev‡iv kZ‡Ki Kwe Igi LvBqvg| Zuvi iæevBqvZ Abyev` K‡ib wf‡±vwiqv hy‡Mi Kwe GWIqvW© wdrm‡Rivì (Fitzgerald) Ges Dwbk kZ‡K Zv cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ Bs‡iwR-fvlx †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q GB iæevBqvZ AZ¨šÍ cwiwPZ Ges Zviv GUv cQ›` K‡i| IBme iæevBqv‡Z Igi LvBqvg agx©q c_ AbymiY‡K PgrKvifv‡e AeÁv K‡i‡Qb A_ev ¯^M© I biK, g„Z¨z i ci Rxeb I fv‡M¨i g‡Zv inm¨ m¤ú‡K© DwØMœ nIqv‡K Dcnvm K‡i‡Qb| wbqwgZfv‡e g` cvb K‡i gvZvj n‡q Gme wenej Ae¯
v fy‡j _vKv‡K wZwb cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| ag©wbô gymwjgiv GL‡bv AvZvwnqv I LvBqv‡gi wKQz gZ‡K N„Yv K‡i| Zey Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m GUv GKUv mZ¨ NUbv †h, 900 †_‡K 1200 eQi Av‡M KweMY Zuv‡`i mg‡q mvaviYfv‡e IBme gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|

08

8. D‡ËRbvi gy‡L mwnòyZv ZK©-weZK© I Av‡jvPbv Av`k©MZfv‡e wkóvPvim¤úbœ, m¤§vbRbK I gvwR©Z nIqv DwPZ| hLb GUv nq bv ZLb Acgvb, AgvwR©Z AvPiY, D‡ËRbv I Drcxo‡bi wecix‡Z gymwjg‡`i Reve w`‡Z nq •ah©, mwnòzZv, ÿgv I mnvbyf‚wZi mv‡_| hviv Bmjvg I imyj gynv¤§`‡K AbymiY K‡i e‡j `vwe K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Drcxob I i³cv‡Zi wb‡ev©a Kv‡R D‡ËwRZ bv n‡q G ai‡bi •ewkó¨g~jK Pwi‡Îi cÖKvk NUv‡Z n‡e A_ev wPšÍv I gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv eÜ Kivi †Póv bv K‡i IB ai‡bi •ewkó¨g~jK Pwi‡Îi cÖKvk NUv‡Z n‡e| D‡ËRvb I Acgv‡bi wecix‡Z mwnòzZv I ÿgvi •bwZK DrKl©Zvi cÖksmv Kiv n‡q‡Q KziAv‡bi Ggb GKvwaK Avqv‡Zi g‡a¨ GLv‡b K‡qKwU AvqvZ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv: (i) Avcwb ÿgvcivqYZv Aej¤^b Kiæb, mrKv‡Ri wb‡`©k w`b Ges AÁ‡`i‡K Gwo‡q Pjyb| (7:199) (ii) ÔingvbÕ-Gi ev›`viv ZvivB, hviv.... Zv‡`i‡K hLb AÁiv m‡¤^vab K‡i, ZLb Zviv e‡j, Ômvjvg!Õ (25:63) (iii) Avwg Aek¨ Rvwb †h, Zviv hv e‡j Zv Avcbv‡K (†n gynv¤§`) Kó †`q; wKš‧ Zviv Avcbv‡K †Zv wg_¨vev`x e‡j bv; eis Rvwj‡giv Avjøvni AvqvZ‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i| Avcbvi c~‡e©I A‡bK imyj‡K Aek¨B wg_¨vev`x ejv n‡qwQj; wKš‧ Zuv‡`i‡K wg_¨vev`x ejv n‡qwQj; wKš‧ Zuvu ‡`i‡K wg_¨vev`x ejv I †K¬k †`Iqv m‡Z¡I Zuviv •ah© aviY K‡iwQ‡jb †h ch©šÍ bv Avgvi mvnvh¨ Zuv‡`i wbKU G‡m‡Q| Avjøvni Av‡`k †KD cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| imyjM‡Yi m¤^‡Ü wKQz msev` †Zv Avcbvi wbKU G‡m‡Q| (6:33-34) (iv) Avwg †Zv Rvwb, Iiv hv e‡j Zv‡Z Avcbvi AšÍi msKzwPZ nq; myZivs Avcwb Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki mcÖksmv cweÎZv I gwngv †NvlY Kiæb Ges Avcwb wmR`vKvix‡`i AšÍf‚©³ †nvb; Avcbvi g„Z¨z Dcw¯
Z nIqv ch©šÍ Avcwb Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki Bev`Z Kiæb| (15:97-99) AZ¨šÍ cÖvgvwYK nvw`m †_‡K imy‡ji Rxe‡bi wb¤œwjwLZ K‡qKwU NUbv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv, hv Bmjvwg Abykvm‡bi HwZ‡n¨i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| gynv¤§` wKfv‡e •ah©, AvZœmshg, mwnòzZv I ÿgv m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡bi gnvb wkÿv ev¯Í‡e iƒcvwqZ K‡ib Zvi `„óvšÍ G‡Z cvIqv hvq: (i) g°vq imy‡ji kÎæiv Zuv‡K Ôgyav¤§vgÕ (evievi Awfkß) wn‡m‡e D‡jøL KiZ, GUv n‡jv gynv¤§` (evievi cÖkswmZ)-Gi wecixZ A_©‡evaK kã| imyj ïay ej‡Zb, ÔÔZv‡`i K_v¸‡jv Avgvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq, KviY Zviv wg_¨v bvg e¨envi Ki‡Q, A_P Avwg gynv¤§`|ÕÕ16 (ii) imyj hLb Zuvu i evYx cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ ce©Zgq Zv‡qd kn‡i hvb ZLb Gi †jv‡Kiv Zuv‡K cÖZ¨vLvb

09

K‡i Ges Zuvi cÖwZ cv_i wb‡ÿc Kivi Rb¨ hyeK‡`i D‡ËwRZ K‡i| Zv‡`I wbwÿß cv_‡ii AvNv‡Z ivmy‡ji cv †_‡K i³ S‡i| †d‡ikZv wReivBj Zuvi Kv‡Q Av‡mb Ges Zv‡q‡di †jvK‡`i `yB ce©‡Zi g‡a¨ wcó Kivi cÖ¯Íve †`bÑ IB KvR Kivi ÿgZv Zuvi wQj| gyn¤§` Reve †`b, ÔÔGKvR Ki‡eb bv: Avwg Avkv Kwi †h, GKw`b Zv‡`i eskaiiv GK Avjøvni Bev`Z Ki‡e|ÕÕ GK ev `yB `k‡Ki g‡a¨ Zv‡q‡di me †jvK Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i| (iii) imyj‡K Zuvi kÎæ‡`i Awfkvc †`Iqvi Rb¨ evievi ejv nq, KviY Zviv gymwjg‡`i wbh©vZb, wbcxob I nZ¨v K‡i Ges Zv‡`i‡K wbwðnè Kivi †Póv K‡i| wZwb Reve †`b, ÔÔgvby‡li Kv‡Q Avgv‡K Avkxe©v`¯^iƒc cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i‡K Awfkvc †`Iqvi Rb¨ bq|ÕÕ (iv) GK`j †jvK imy‡ji M„‡n G‡m Zuv‡K Avm-mvjvgy AvjvBKzg (Avcbvi Ici kvwšÍ ewl©Z †nvK) bv e‡j Avm-mvgy AvjvBKzg (Avcbvi g„Zy¨ †nvK) e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡i| G‡Z Av‡qkv µz× nb Ges DËi †`b, ÔÔ‡Zvgv‡`i Ici Avjøvni Awfkvc ewl©Z †nvK!ÕÕ gynv¤§` Zuv‡K wZi¯‥vi K‡i e‡jb, ÔÔAvjøvn m`q, Ges m`qZv‡K fv‡jvev‡mb|ÕÕ (v) imyj GKRb †e`yB‡bi Kv‡Q wKQz A_© FYx wQ‡jb| IB †e`yBb †jvKwU Zuvi Kv‡Q G‡m m‡µv‡a FY cwi‡kv‡ai K_v e‡j Ges imy‡ji Rvgv a‡i Ggb cÖPÛfv‡e Uvb †`q †h, Zuvi Nvo †_uZ‡j hvq| imy‡ji AbyMvgxiv hLb cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z Pvq ZLb wZwb Reve †`b, ÔÔZv‡K GKv †Q‡o `vI, KviY FY`vZv Zvi K_v ejvi AwaKvix|ÕÕ (vi) GKevi imyj gymwjg‡`i g‡a¨ wKQz hy×jä m¤ú` e›Ub KiwQ‡jb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb Zvi cÿ bv nIqvq Ges AvbyKj ‚ ¨ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ imyj‡K †`vlv‡ivc K‡i| imyj Zv‡K †g․wLKfv‡e wZi¯‥vi Ki‡jI Zvi weiæ‡× Avi †Kv‡bv e¨e¯
v MÖn Y K‡ibwb, hw`I imyj‡K AwePv‡ii `v‡q Awfhy³ Kiv ag© Aegvbbvi kvwgj| (vii) imy‡ji wkÿv n‡jv ÔÔIB †jvKwU kw³kvjx bq †h gjøhy‡×i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi mgq Zvi cÖwZcÿ‡K †d‡j †`q: IB †jvKwUB kw³kvjx †h µ× nIqvi mgq wb‡R‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i|ÕÕ (viii) GKRb ‡jvK imy‡ji Kv‡Q Av‡m Ges evievi Zuv‡K Aby‡iva K‡i, ÔÔ`qv K‡i Avgv‡K Dc‡`k w`b|ÕÕ imyj cÖ‡Z¨KeviB Reve †`b, ÔÔµ× n‡qv bv|ÕÕ gymwjg cwÛZMY Gi e¨vL¨v K‡ib †h, †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K Abvek¨Kfv‡e µz× Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb cwiw¯
wZ Gwo‡q hvIqvI GB Dc‡`‡ki AšÍfy©³| imyj ev Ab¨vb¨ cweÎ wb`k©b m¤ú‡K© AvµgYvZœK wdj¥, KvUz©b †`Lv ev eB‡qi †ÿ‡Î GUv wbwðZfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| (ix) gw`bvi fÛ‡`i †bZv wQj Ave`yjøvn web DevB| Bûw`, wLª÷vb I eû-‡`eZvq wek^vmx m¤úª`v‡qi Zzjbvq GLv‡b gymwjgiv cÖavb Ae¯
v‡b _vKvq Zviv Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡i| hv‡nvK, fÛiv me mgq gymwjg‡`i mv‡_ wek^NvZKZv K‡i| Dû` hy‡×i cÖvKKv‡jI Zviv †kl gyû‡Z© gymwjg ‣mb¨evwnbx †_‡K wb‡R‡`i cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i ‡bq| Ab¨ Avi GKwU wek^vmNvZKZvc~Y© NUbvi 10

ci Dgi web Avj-LvËve Ges Ab¨iv `„opZvi mv‡_ e‡j †h, wek^vNvZK‡`i cÖvY`Û †`Iqv DwPZ| IB mgq hy‡×I weavb Abyhvqx GUv wQj GKUv h_vh_ c`‡ÿc| hv‡nvK, imyj PgrKvifv‡e Reve †`b, ÔÔZv‡`i‡K GKv _vK‡Z `vI, Ab¨_vq Ab¨ ‡jv‡Kiv ej‡e †h,Ôgynv¤§` Zuvi m½x‡`i nZ¨v K‡ibÕ|ÕÕ G NUbvq †`Lv hvq †h, Bmjvg I gymwjg‡`i m¤§v‡bi wel‡q imyj AZ¨šÍ DwØMœ wQ‡jb| eZ©gvbKv‡ji ag©wbô‡`i g‡a¨ wÿß n‡q hviv h_v_© hv KvíwbKfv‡e Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ cÖwZwU Acgv‡bi †ÿ‡Î ÔAjxK nZ¨viÕ Rb¨ AvZ©bv` K‡i Zv‡`i imy‡ji mshgx `„óvšÍ †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY Kiv DwPZ, wbw`©ófv‡e GLb hLb Zvrch©c~Y©fv‡e wfbœZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq: cÖwZ‡kv‡ai AvnŸvb mgv‡Ri m„ó weavb‡K cÖvqB †f‡½ †d‡j|

Dcmsnvi mwnòzZv Ges wPšÍv I ZK©-weZ‡K©i ¯^vaxbZv, GgbwK ag©wek^v‡mi †g․wjK wel‡qi e¨vcv‡i HwZnvwmKfv‡e Bmjv‡gi GKUv `„p HwZn¨ Av‡Q| ag©wek^v‡mi Av‡jvPbvq, Ges GgbwK wbR¯^ agx©q wek^v‡mi Av‡jvPbvq Acwinvh© dj¯^iƒc Ggb e³e¨ Av‡m hv A‡b¨i Rb¨ AvµgYvZœK, Ges GgbwK ag© Aegvbbv wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| D‡ËRbvi †ÿ‡Î Bmjvwg cÖwZwµqv Acvw_©eZv, gnË¡ I ÿgvi Ici wfwËkxj| GB AKcUZv I D`viZvi HwZn¨ eZ©gv‡b gymwjg msL¨vMwiô †`k I mgv‡R wbf©‡q RvMwiZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, we‡klfv‡e agx©q AmwnòzZv I ag©vÜZvi Kvi‡Y m„ó fqven Drcxo‡bi †cÖÿvc‡U Gi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|

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cwiwkó GK: Bmjvg ag© Z¨v‡Mi Rb¨ cÖvY`‡Ûi †ÿ‡Î ga¨hy‡Mi kwiqv weavb `ytLRbKfv‡e, kwiqv weav‡bi ga¨hy‡Mi e¨vL¨vq GB aviYv cÖej †h, Bmjvg ag© Z¨vMKvix, A_©vr †hme gymwjg Zv‡`i ¯^ag© Z¨vM K‡i Ges/A_ev Ab¨ ag© MÖnY K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Aek¨B nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| G weavb ga¨hy‡Mi AvBbweÁv‡bi cÖavb me g~j cv‡V (text) cvIqv hvq Ges wek^e¨vcx Bmjvwg †mwgbvi I wek^we`¨vj‡q GL‡bv Zv wkÿv †`Iqv nq| Gi wfwË n‡jv K‡qKwU nvw`m (Gme nvw`‡m h_v_© ev fzjfv‡e imyj gynv¤§‡`i eivZ ‡`Iqv n‡q‡Q) hv cÖvgvwYK cÖavb nvw`m msKj‡b †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| A_P Zv KziAv‡bi bxwZ Ôa‡g©I e¨vcv‡i †Rvi-Rei`w¯Í †bBÕÑ Gi ¯úó wecixZ|

¯^ag© Z¨v‡Mi Rb¨ cÖvY`‡Ûi mg_©‡b D‡jøwLZ cÖavb nvw`m¸‡jvi we‡kølY G cÖm‡½ AZ¨šÍ mywew`Z `ywU nvw`‡mi mswÿß Av‡jvPbv GLv‡b Kiv n‡jv: K. G `ywU nvw`‡mi cÖ_gwU we‡klfv‡e mywew`Z G Kvi‡Y †h, imy‡ji †g․wjK nvw`m¸‡jv RbwcÖq mswÿß nvw`m msKj‡b GUv AšÍf©z³ Ñ ÔPwjøk nvw`mÕ wk‡ivbv‡g IB msKjb K‡ib Bgvg Avj- bewe (1234-1278)| IB nvw`‡mi g~j cvV (text) wb¤œiƒc: Ave`yjøvn web gvmy` eY©bv K‡ib †h, Avjøvni evYxevnK (Zuvi Ici kvwšÍ ewl©Z †nvK) e‡jb, ÔÔwZbwUi (NUbvi) †h-‡Kv‡bv GKwU Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y GKRb gymwjg‡K nZ¨v Kiv •ea bq: weevwnZ e¨w³i e¨wfPvi Kiv; †Kv‡bv cÖv‡Yi wewbgq Qvov; Ges †h 17 Zvi ag© I m¤úª`vq cwiZ¨vM K‡i|ÕÕ D‡jøL¨ †h G nvw`‡mi cÖv_wgK m~Î n‡jv eyLvwi I gymwjg Ñ Bmjv‡gi mybœx gZvej¤^x‡`i Kv‡Q G `yB m~·K AZ¨šÍ cÖvgvwYK nvw`m msMÖn e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| G¸‡jvi Ici A‡bK fvl¨ †jLv n‡q‡Q| c~Y© cÖvPxb `„wófw½i cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK `„óvšÍ n‡jv †Zi kZ‡Ki cwÛZ Bgvg beweÑ wZwb G nvw`‡mi cÖvmw½K As‡ki Ici gšÍe¨ K‡ib Gfv‡e: ÔÔ¯^ag©Z¨v‡Mi aib hv-B †nvK bv †Kb, Bmjvg ag© Z¨v‡Mi cÖwZwU NUbvq GUv mvaviYfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ †h, †m hw` Bmjv‡gi wd‡i bv Av‡m Zvn‡j Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| Ávbx e¨w³iv e‡jb †h, hviv cÖPwjZ ag©g‡Zi weiæ‡× gZ †cvlY K‡i (we`vÕqv), cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e we‡ivwaZv K‡i (evwM) A_ev G ai‡bi KvR K‡i m¤úª`vq Z¨vM K‡i Zviv mevB Gi AšÍfz©³| we‡`ªvnxivI (LvIqvwiR) Gi AšÍfz©³|ÕÕ18 GKBfv‡e, bewe I Zvi mgmvgwqK Beb `vwKK Avj-B` Gi gZ mg_©b K‡i c‡bi kZ‡Ki wgkwiq cwÛZ Beb nvRi Avj-AvmKvjvwb e‡jb: ÔÔme©m¤§Z gZ GB †h, ag©Z¨vMKvix e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Kiv •ea; gwnjv‡`i †ÿ‡Î G wel‡q weZK© i‡q‡Q|ÕÕ19

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wb‡¤œ wek` eY©bvq †`Lv hvq, Ôm¤úª`vq Z¨vMÕ m¤úwK©Z nvw`‡m ¸iæZi ivR‡`ªvn ev wek^vmNvZKZvi kZ© _vK‡j c~e©Kv‡j †h-‡Kv‡bv kvw¯Í cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Zv| cÖvPxbKv‡j ag©we‡k^v‡mi AvbyM‡Z¨i mv‡_ cÖvq †ÿ‡ÎB ivR‣bwZK AvbyM‡Z¨i mgZvweavb Kiv n‡Zv| GRb ivR‣bwZK wek^vmNvZKZvi mv‡_ ag©wek^vm wQj mgag©x we‡kl K‡i Ggb cwiw¯
wZ‡Z hLb wewfbœ ag©wek^vmx m¤úª`vq hy×ve¯
vq KZ©„Z¡c~Y©fv‡e emevm KiZ| L. Ave`yjøvn web AveŸvm eY©bv K‡ib †h, imyj (Zuvi Ici kvwšÍ ewl©Z †nvK), ÔÔ‡h-‡KD Zvi ag© cwieZ©b K‡i Zv‡K nZ¨v KiÕÕ (gvb evÏvjv w`bvû dvÕKZzjûy )Ñ eyLvwi I Ab¨vb¨iv G nvw`mwU eY©bv K‡ib| G nvw`‡mi cÖm‡½ c‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| cÖ_vMZ AvBb-weÁv‡bi Pig `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e Bgvg bewe Zuvi wb‡Ri Pwjøk nvw`‡mi fv‡l¨ A_©vr µwgK K-G D‡jøwLZ nvw`‡m µwgK L-G D‡jøwLZ nvw`m D×…Z K‡i‡Qb Zuvi kv‡dwq gZev‡` AweKj Ae¯
vb‡K myiwÿZ Kivi Rb¨ †h, hviv Zv‡`i ag© cwieZ©b K‡i Zv‡`i‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e Ñ ÔÔGKRb Bûw` wLª÷a‡g© ag©všÍwiZ n‡j Ges GKRb wLª÷vb Bûw` a‡g© ag©všÍwiZ n‡jÓ-I Zv GB weav‡bi AšÍfz©³! GB AweKj Ae¯
v‡b we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Bmjv‡g ag©všÍi Qvov GK ag© †_‡K Ab¨ a‡g© ag©všÍiKvix mevB‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| Kzwo kZ‡Ki cwÛZ gynv¤§` iwk` wiRv Zuvi Pwjøk nvw`‡mi fvl¨-G IB Ae¯
vb mg_©b Kivi Rb¨ bewei mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wiRvi g‡Z, µwgK K-G D‡jøwLZ nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K Aek¨B µwgK L-G D‡jøwLZ nvw`m Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e, hv ¯úófv‡e ïaygvÎ Bmjvg †_‡K Rb¨ a‡g© ag©všÍwiZ e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| wiRv Ges bewe Df‡qB AvÿwiK A_© MÖnY K‡ib: G ai‡bi avivq bewe I Ab¨vb¨ kv‡dwq gZv`‡k©i †jvK‡`i P‚ovšÍ Dcmsnvi cwijwÿZ nq| mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji gymwjg wPšÍvq wiRvi gZ‡K mg_©b Kiv nq †h, µwgK L-G D‡jøwLZ nvw`m Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e µwgK K-G D‡jøwLZ nvw`m I Ab¨vb¨ g~j cv‡Vi (text) Av‡jv‡K Ges cÖvmw½K GB cwiewZ©Z Avaywy bK welq I g~j Bmjvwg †PZbvq ¯^ag©Z¨v‡Mi †ÿ‡Î cÖvY`Û ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv kvw¯Í iwnZ Kiv Avek¨K| Gfv‡e mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji gymwjg wPšÍvavivq c~‡e© D×…Z KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ Gme nvw`m‡K mvgÄm¨c~Y© Kivi †Póv Kiv nq| g~j cv‡Vi (text) mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© Kiv AvBbweÁv‡bi ci¤úivMZ bxwZ|

nvw`‡mi cÖm½ mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji cwÛZ Zvnv Rvwei Avj-AvjIqvwb G nvw`‡mi cÖvgvwYKZv wb‡q m‡›`n K‡i hyw³ †`Lvb ‡h, G nvw`mwU cÖvgvwYK n‡jI Zv Bmjv‡gi Agymwjg kÎæ‡`i wek^vmNvKZvc~Y© AwfmwÜi cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q hviv Bmjvg a‡g© ag©všÍwiZ nIqvi fvb K‡i Ges AZtci IB ag©wek^vm Z¨vM K‡i GB Avkvq †h, Zviv wKQz wek^vmx‡K Zv‡`i gZ Abym i‡Y cÖ‡ivwPZ Ki‡e, hv KziAv‡b (3:72) D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|20

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¯^ag©Z¨v‡Mi †ÿ‡Î cÖvY`‡Ûi wel‡q ci¤úivMZ I ga¨hy‡Mi e¨envi-AvBbÁ e¨w³‡`i (Rywi÷) gZ21 1. nvwbdv gZv`‡k©i †jv‡Kiv g‡b K‡i †h, Bmjvg ag© Z¨vMKvix c~Y©eq¯‥ cyiæl (wKš‧ gwnjv bq) e¨w³‡K c~‡e© Av‡jvwPZ AwØZxq nvw`‡mi wfwˇZ Aek¨B nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| 2. gvwjwK gZv`‡k©i †jv‡Kiv g‡b K‡i ‡h, c~Y©eq¯‥ cyiæl ev gwnjv me ag©Z¨vMx‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e GB wec‡`i AvksKvq †h, Zviv gymwjg m¤úª`v‡qi weiæ‡× hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‧Z n‡Z I hy× Pvjv‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡`i Aby‡kvPbvi my‡hvM †`Iqvi ci GUv nq| `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e, Beb Ave` Avj- evi `vwe K‡ib †h, ÔÔ¯^ag© Z¨v‡Mi †ÿ‡Î cÖvY`‡Ûi wel‡q †Kv‡bv gZ‡f` †bB|ÕÕ 22 3. kv‡dwq gZv`‡k©i †jv‡Kiv g‡b K‡i †h, ¯^ag© Z¨vMKvix‡`i nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e, †h‡nZz eû †`eev` I Awek^vm (Kzdi)-B n‡jv gvbyl‡K nZ¨vi h‡_ó KviY| Gi GKgvÎ e¨wZµg n‡jv Agymwjg wRw¤§iv, hv‡`i‡K gv_vwcQz Ki wRwRqv cÖ`k©‡bi wewbg‡q gymwjg KZ…©cÿ iÿv K‡i|23 4. nv¤^wj gZv`‡k©i †jv‡Kiv GKBfv‡e gvwjwK I kv‡dwq gZv`k© mg_©b K‡i e‡j †h, Aby‡kvPbvi Rb¨ wZbw`b mgq w`‡q cyiæl I gwnjv ¯^ag©Z¨vMx‡`i nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| 5. Bgvwg (Twelver Shia) gZev‡`i Abymvixiv g‡b K‡i †h, gymwjg wn‡m‡e Rb¥MÖnYKvix †KD ¯^ag© Z¨vM Ki‡j Zv‡K Aby‡kvPbvi my‡hvM bv w`‡q nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| c~‡e© Ab¨ ag© †_‡K Bmjvg a‡g© agv©šÍwiZ e¨w³ ag© Z¨vM Ki‡j Zv‡K Aby‡kvPbvi my‡hvM †`Iqv n‡e| Aby‡kvPbv K‡iwb Ggb gwnjv ag©Z¨vMx‡K nZ¨v bv K‡i ew›` Ki‡Z n‡e| 6. Rvwnwi (AweKj AbymiYKvix) gZev‡`iÑ hvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib Beb nvRgÑ Abymvixiv g‡b K‡i †h, me ¯^ag©Z¨vMx‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| Beb nvRg †NvlYv K‡ib †h, KziAv‡bi AvqvZ Ôa‡g©i e¨vcv‡i †Rvi-Rei`w¯Í †bBÕ nq evwZj n‡q wM‡q‡Q, Avi bv nq Zv ïay mywbw`©ó †jvK‡`i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji cwÛZ AvjIqvwb eY©bv K‡ib ‡h, Beb nvR‡gi Av‡jvPbv I Ae¯
vb Avcmnxb, AvZœwe‡ivax Ges nZeyw×Ki Ae¯
vi g‡a¨ Rwo‡q Av‡Q| 7. Rv‡qw` I Bevw` gZv`‡k©i Abymvixiv g‡b K‡i †h, cyiæl I gwnjv me ¯^ag©Z¨vMx‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e, KviY Zv‡`i ag©Z¨vM n‡jv gymwjg iv‡óªi Ici m¤¢ve¨ ev h_v_© hy× †NvlYvi kvwgj|24

¯^ag©Z¨vM m¤ú‡K© AvaywbK gymwjg AvBbweÁvb ¯^ag©Z¨vM m¤ú‡K© ga¨hy‡Mi AvBbweÁvb AwZ mv¤úªwZK Kv‡j ¸iæZ¡cY~ © I µ‡gvbœwZkxjfv‡e weKwkZ n‡q‡Q hw`I Ggb AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji A‡bK HwZn¨ev`x gymwjg AewnZ bb e‡jB g‡b nq| IBme AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© wb‡¤œ K‡qKwU `„óvšÍ †`Iqv n‡jv: 1. A‡Uvg¨vb (Zzi¯‥ mv¤ªv‡R¨i) ms¯‥vi: A‡Uvg¨vb mviZvbvZ‡K AvaywbK me gymwjg IB mg‡qi GKgvÎ •ea Lwjdvi kvmbKvj ( Caliphate) e‡j MY¨ K‡i| 1839 mv‡ji ¸j‡nb wWµx†Z (Gulhane Decree) (Hatt-i-Sharif) Agymwjg‡`i Ici wRwRqv ev †h-‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi gv_vwcQz Ki m¤ú~Yi© ƒ‡c we‡jvc Ges Bûw`, wLª÷vb I gymwjg‡`i mgvb bvMwi‡Ki gh©v`vmn A‡bK ms¯‥v‡ii 14

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15

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cwiwkó `yB: Bmjvg I a‡g©i I ¯^vaxbZvi wel‡q ch©v‡jvPbv Av‡ckv`vix, D‡ËRK I AvµgYvZœK Pjw”PÎ ÔBb‡bv‡mÝ Ad gymwjgÕ wb‡q 2012 mv‡j 30 AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e cÖPÛ D‡ËRbv ci mviv we‡k^ Ggb weavb cÖeZ©b A_ev †Rvi`vi Kivi Avnevb Rvbv‡bv nq hv •ewk^K ag© Aegvbbv AvB‡bi mgRvZxq n‡e| 31 gymwjg msL¨vMwiô †`k¸‡jv‡Z Pig cÖwZev‡`i mgq A‡bK †jvK wbnZ nq| wjweqvq gvwK©b ivóª`~Z w÷fvÝI (Stevens) Pjw”PÎwe‡ivax cÖwZev‡`i Avov‡j mš¿vmx Avµg‡Y wbnZ nb| cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKRb gš¿x Pjw”PÎ cwiPvj‡Ki Ôgv_vi Rb¨ GKjvL Wjvi cyi¯‥v‡ii †NvlY †`b| G NUbvq Avgv‡`i A‡b‡Ki g‡b n‡q‡Q, ÔÔ GLv‡bB Avgiv Avevi AZx‡Z wd‡i G‡mwQ|ÕÕ eB I Pjw”PÎ ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i e¨½wPÎ, ‡Q‡j‡`i fvjøyK (‡UwW †eqvi) Ges gywó‡gq wKQ gvwK©b DMÖev`x I •mb¨ KZ„©K AvµgY‡K D‡cÿv Kivi cwie‡Z© A_ev imyj gynv¤§` (Zuvi Ici kvwšÍ ewl©Z †nvK) hv Ki‡Zb †mfv‡e Gm‡ei m~PbvKvix‡`i ÿgv bv K‡i wKQz AcwiYZ gymwjg Pig I DMÖcš
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16

mvjgvb iækw`i AwZwi³-fvivµvšÍ I AZ¨šÍ AcvV¨ eB w` m¨vUvwbK fv‡m©m I Gi †jLK‡K ÔwXjÕ gviv nq| Bmjv‡gi cweÎ e¨w³‡`i cÖwZ G eB‡q ewY©Z e¨½c~Y© Acgv‡bi cÖPvi K‡i Ôm‡PZbZv RvMv‡bvÕi Rb¨ gymwjg‡`I cÖPvi Awfhv‡b IB eB I Zvi †jLK AvšÍR©vwZK L¨vwZ jvf K‡i| GUv P‚ovšÍ ch©v‡q DcbxZ nq iækw`‡K nZ¨v Kivi wb‡`©k m¤úwK©Z AvqvZzjøvn †Lv‡gwbi wb›`bxq d‡Zvqv †`Iqvi gva¨‡g| `yB `kK ci imyj gynv¤§` (Zuvi Ici kvwšÍ ewl©Z †nvK)-‡K e¨½ K‡i †Wbgv‡K© e¨½wPÎ cÖKvk cvIqvq GKB Kvwnbxi cybive„wË nq: cÖ_g hLb G¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ nq ZLb G wel‡q cÖvq mevB AÁvZ wQj| †WbgvK©wfwËK GKRb wgmwiq gymwjg agx©©q e¨w³Z¡ (Cleric) Gme wb‡q cÖPviAv‡›`vjb ïiæ Kivq Zv mevi `„wó‡Z Av‡m| imyj I Zvui Abymvix‡`i fv‡jvevmvi A_© wbðqB GUv bq †h, Zuvi weiæ‡× cwiPvwjZ AgvwR©Z Acgv‡bi cÖPvi Ki‡Z n‡e| †jv‡Kiv hw` Avgv‡`i wcZvgvZv, mšÍvb ev fvB‡evb Z_v fv‡jvevmvi KvD‡K Acgvb K‡i Zvn‡j Avgiv wK IB AvµgYvZœK Dw³ ev eY©bv‡K mviv we‡k^ cÖPvi Kwi? Gme NUbvq A‡bK mvaviY †jvK mwnsmZvq wbnq nq Ges mviv we‡k^ cÖwZev` nq| GUv AZ¨šÍ nvm¨Ki welq| KviY imyj wb‡RB wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb e‡j ejv nq †h, GKRb †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kivi †P‡q Bmjv‡gi cweÎZg ¯
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17

‡idv‡iÝ t 1. `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e †`Lyb K¤úvm WvB‡i±, Ôeøvm‡dwgÕ jÕR Bb BwRÞ, http://www.compassdirect.grg/english/country/egypt/article_112328.html

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10. A‡bK cwÛZ e¨w³i g‡Z Gi GKgvÎ e¨wZµ‡gi NUbv n‡jv Avi‡ei gykwiKzb (cÖwZgvc~RK A_ev eû-‡`eZvq wek^vmx)| KviY Zviv Ae¨vnZfv‡e gymwjg‡`I Ici wbh©vZb Pvjvq Ges Zv‡`i‡K G‡Kev‡i wbg©~j Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i weiæ‡× hy× Pvjvq| mvZ kZ‡Ki Avi‡ei Ic‡i Bmjv‡gi weRq nIqvi ci †_‡K wbw`©ó IB HwZnvwmK weavb A‡bK Av‡MB AcÖPwjZ n‡q wM‡q‡Q| 11. mnxn gymwjg| 12. KziAv‡bi 39:17-18 Avqv‡Zi Ici hvgvLkvwii fvl¨, Avj-Kvkkvd, Avj-KzZze Avj-Avivwe, bZzb ms¯‥iY| 13. KziAv‡bi 39:18 Avqv‡Zi Ici KziZzwei fvl¨, Av‡iv †`Lyb AbjvB‡bÑ http://quran.al-islam.com 14. KziAv‡bi 42:10 Avqv‡Zi Ici fvl¨, †`Lyb Zdwmi Avj-Rvjvjvqb| Av‡iv †`Lyb AbjvB‡b- http://quran.al-islam.com Av‡iv †`Lyb GB Avqv‡Zi Ici hvgvLkvwii fvl¨| 15. Iqv‡qj nvjøvK, Bb‡UªvWvKkb Uz Beb ZvBwgqv G¨v‡M‡b÷ w` wMÖK jwRwmqvbbm, K¬¨v‡ibWb, 1993| 16 mvjgvb iækw` Zuvi Ôw` m¨vUvwbK fv‡m©mÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Pwi‡Îi bvg MÖnY ÔgnvDÛÕ- GUv n‡jv ga¨hy‡M Bmjvgwe‡ivax wLª÷vb‡`i †`Iqv imy‡ji bv‡gi wKK…wZ| D³ nvw`m †_‡K GKRb ¯úó ag©cÖeZ©‡Ki Reve m¤ú‡K© Bw½Z cvIqv hvq, hvi kãvšÍ‡i A_© cÖKvk Kiv hvq, ÔÔwPšÍv K‡iv bv, KviY GUv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Avgvi bvg bq!ÕÕ 17. Avb-bewe, diwU nvw`m, Abyev`: wW. Rbmb-‡Wwfm Ges B.Beivwng, BmjvwgK †U·Um †mvmvBwU, 1997, nvw`m b¤^i 14| 18. Avb-bewe, kvin mnx gymwjg (mnx gymwj‡gi Ici fvl¨), Av‡jvwPZ nvw`‡mi Ici fvl¨, wKZve Avj-wKmvm Iqvj w`qvZ (cÖwZ‡kva I i³g~‡j¨I Aa¨vq), b¤^i 1676; Av‡iv †`Lyb http://hadith.alislam.com/page.aspx?pageid=192&BookID=34&TOCID=772 g~j LvwiwRiv wQj ag©wbô Ges DMÖcš
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19. Beb nvRi Avj-AvmKvjvwb, dvZn& Avj-evwi(mnxn eyLvwii Ici fvl¨), Av‡jvwPZ nvw`mwU m¤ú‡K©- ÔeyLvwi, wKZve Avj-w`qvZ (i³g~j¨ Aa¨vq) b¤^i 6878; Av‡iv †`LybÑ http://hadith.al-islam.com/page.aspx?pageid=192&BookID=33&TOCID=3788 20. Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ weei‡Yi Rb¨ †`Lyb wU. ‡R. Avj-AvjIqvwb, A¨v‡cvmU¨vwm Bb Bmjvg ÑG wn‡÷vwiK¨vj A¨vÛ wµcwUDivj A¨vbvwjwmm, w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj Bbw÷wUDU Ad BmjvwgK _U, jÛb/IqvwksUb, 1432/2011, Aa¨vq 4| 21. Avj-AvjIqvwb, c„-77 Ges 101-4| 23. Avj-AvjIqvwb, c„-104-9; Av‡iv †`Lyb wi‡mc †mbUzK©, ‡mvwmIjwR Ad ivBUm: wnDg¨vb ivBUm Bb Bmjvg weUzBb KwgDbvj A¨vÛ BDwbfvm©vj cvim‡cKwUfm, G‡gvwi BDwbfvwm©wU jÕ ¯‥zj, 2002| Bmjv‡g gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© KwgDbvj (kv‡dwq) Ges BDwbfvm©vj (nvbvwd) `„wófw½i g‡a¨ †g․wjK cv_©‡K¨i wel‡q G eB‡q my›`ifv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| BDwbfvm©vwj÷ nvbvwd `„wófw½i Ici wfwË K‡i gvbevwaKvi I MYZš¿ m¤ú‡K© A‡Uvg¨vb‡`i AMÖMwZi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© G‡Z eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 24. mswÿß †kl cuvPwU gZev‡`i Rb¨ †`Lyb Avj-AvjIqvwb, c„-109-116| 25. BkwZqvK û‡mBb, w` ZvbwhgvZ (1839-1876): wmwKDjvi widg©m Bb w` A‡Uvg¨vb G¤úvqvi, †dB_ g¨vUvm©, 2011; Av‡iv cvIqv hvq Ñ http://faith-matters.org/images/stories/fm-publications/the-tanzimat-final-web.pdf 26. Ave`vj nvwKg gyiv`, Ab †dB_: gymwjg w¯úK AvDU- †nvqvU Bmjvg wi‡qwj †mBR A¨vevDU fv‡qv‡jÝ, wnDg¨vb ivBUm A¨vÛ Av`vi wiwjwRIbm, RyjvB 2007, cybivq Gi Abywjwc †`Iqv n‡q‡Q http://ageofjahiliyah.wordpress.com/2007/09/01abdal-hakimmurad-on-jihad-apostasy-rights-of-munslim-women/ 27. gyiv` (2007) 28. d‡Zvqv Avj-gRwjm Avj-DiæweŸ wjj-BdZv Iqvj-eyÕûZ (d‡Zvqvm Ad w` BD‡ivwcqvb KvDwÝj di d‡Zvqv A¨vÛ wimvm©), Qvcv‡bv Ges http://www.e-cfr.org/ ‡Z cvIqv hvq| 29. http://morocconewstribune.com/moroccos-high-council-of-ulemass-death-sentence-fatwa-onapostates-sparks-controversy/ 30. ‡hgb, ga¨cÖv‡P¨ Bsj¨v‡Ûi MxR©vi wekciv RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe wg.evb wK-gy‡bi Kv‡Q cÎ w`‡q Aby‡iva K‡i †h, ÔÔe¨w³ (‡hgb bweimyjMY), wb`k©b, ag©MÖ‡š
i Ask Ges ag©wek^vm MV‡b ag©wek^vmx‡`i Kv‡Q hv cweÎ e‡j MY¨ nq Zvi cÖwZ D‡Ïk¨c~Y© I B”QvK…Zfv‡e Acgvb ev Am¤§vbÕÕ-‡K wewaewnf©~Z †NvlYv Kiv †nvK| (G¨v½wjKvb KwgDwbqb wbDR mvwf©m G¨v½wjKvb wjWvm© Kb‡Wg A¨vw›U-Bmjvg wdj¥ A¨vÛ fv‡qv‡jÝ, 19 †m‡Þ¤^I 2012, htt://www.anglicancommunion.org/acns/news.cfm/2012/9/19/ACNS5185) 31. RvwZms‡N IAvBwm m`m¨ iv󪸇jvi cÖwZwbwa‡`i GKB ai‡bi wee„wZ, IAvBwm MÖæc Bb wbDBqK© Kb‡Wg w` wiwjR Ad w` A¨vw›U gymwjg wfwWI, A¨vÛ Kjm& di Kv‡jKwUf A¨vKkb G¨v‡M‡b÷ cÖ‡fv‡Kkbm A¨vÛ wm‡÷‡gwUK BbmvBU‡g›U Uz n¨vU‡iW, 22 †m‡Þ¤^I 2012, htt://www.oic-org/topic_detail.asp?id=7189 32. ÔÔBD Gb ÷vd Aqvi nv‡›UW WvDb A¨vÛ ¯øvDUvW© Bb AvdMvwb¯ÍvbÕÕ, w` †WBwj †UwjMÖ vd, 3 GwcÖj 2011, htt://www.teligraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/8424/UN-staff-were-hunted-down-and-slaughteredin-afghanistan.html

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