Book Final new.pmd - DIET Palakkad

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BapJw ‘Xp≈nIƒ’ H∂v, c≠v ¢mpIfnte°p≈ h¿Iv jo‰pIfpsS kamlmcw

cmah¿a]pcw 30.01.2015

Xp≈nIƒ tNcptºmƒ..... hnZym`ymk AhImi\nbaw (2009) \nehn¬ h∂tXmsS F√m ss{]adn hZym¿YnIfpw ¢mv Ib‰w e`n°m≥ A¿lXbp≈hcmbncn°pIbmWv. bm{¥nIambn F√mhtcbpw Htct]mse Pbn∏n®phnSpI F∂X√ CXns‚ A¿Yw. XßfpsS ap∂nseØp∂ Hmtcm hnZym¿Yntbbpw Pbn°m≥ Ignhp≈hcm°p∂Xn\p≈ DØchmZnXzamWv \mw ChnsS Gs‰Sp°p∂Xv . F√m Ip´nItfbpw Pbn°m≥ tbmKyXbp≈hcm°Ww. F√mhtcbpw ]camh[n ]T\ \nehmcØn¬ FØn°Ww. CXn\mbn IqSpX¬ ^e{]Zamb ]T\m\p`hßƒ Is≠ØpIbpw \¬IpIbpw sNtø≠n bncn°p∂p. ]mT]pkvXIßƒ°∏pdw, anI® ]T\ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ Is≠Øn Ip´nIƒ°p \¬Im\p≈ A[ym]IcpsS {iaßƒ {]k‡amIp∂Xv ChnsSbmWv. H∂v, c≠v ¢mpIfn¬ {]tXyIw h¿°v jo‰pIƒ Xømdm°n tijnIfpw ]T\t\´ßfpw Dd∏n°m\p≈ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ A[ym]I¿ H‰sbm‰bmbn Gs‰SpØp \S∏nem°p∂p≠v. Ch hfsc ^e{]Zhpw KpWIchpamWv. Ip´nIƒ°v {]mYanIamb A£ct_m[hpw kwJymt_m[hpw e`n°p∂n√ F∂p ImWn°p∂ ]T\^eßƒ (Ak¿ k¿s∆, 2014) IqSn ]pdØp h∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ Cu ]›mØeØn¬, CØcØnep≈ h¿°v jo‰pIfpsS D]-tbmKw hym]n-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cusbmcp kmlNcyØnemWv H∂v c≠v ¢mpIfn¬ D]tbmKn°m\p≈ h¿°v jo‰pIƒ cq]s∏SpØn Pn√bnemIam\w ]¶p shbv°m≥ Xr»q¿ Pn√mhnZym`ymk ]cnioe\ tI{µw (Ub‰v) Ahkcsamcp°p∂Xv. ‘Xp≈nIƒ’ F∂ t]cnep≈ h¿Iv jo‰pIfpsS Cu kamlmcw D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂Xn\p≈ Pn√m \n¿t±ißƒ hmbn®v Ch {]tbmP\s∏SpØWw hnZym`ymk ]cnioe\ tI{µw F∂`y¿Yn°p∂p. H∂v, c≠v ¢mpIfnse ]T\anIhv Dd∏p (U-b-‰v) Xr»q¿, hcpØm≥ Ch D]Imc{]ZamIpw F∂v {]Xo£n°p∂p. cmah¿a]pcw ]n H 680631 email :[email protected] kn. website :www.dietthrissur.org _m_p blog : diettsr.blogspot.in {]n≥kn∏mƒ, Pn√m hnZym`ymk ]cnioe\ tI{µw (Ub‰v), Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈nIƒ’ H∂v, c≠v ¢mpIfnte°p≈ h¿Iv jo‰pIfpsS kamlmcw

‘Xp≈nIƒ’ inev]imebn¬ ]s¶SpØh¿

{ioaXn. Paoe.Sn, Pn.F¬.]n.Fkv. sNdp-Øp-cpØn {ioaXn. tcmjv\n.hn.sI, _n.B¿.kn. sNm∆-∂q¿ {ioaXn. IhnX.sI.F≥, bp.B¿.kn. Xr»q¿ {ioaXn. Pnj.kn.bp, F≥.Fkv.F¬.]n.Fkv. aS-Øpw-]Sn ]{Xm[n]¿ {ioaXn. an\n.sI.Fkv, F¬.]n.Fkv. Fw.Pn. Imhv {io. kn _m_p {]n≥kn∏mƒ, Ub‰v, Xr»q¿ {ioaXn. en‰n¬.F.sI, sk‚ v B‚-Wokv bp.]n.Fkv. t]cm{º {ioaXn. enk.]n.tPmkv, sI.C.kn.bp.]n.Fkv. t]m´ {ioaXn. _nµp.sP.X´n¬, _n.B¿.kn. ap√-t»cn {ioaXn. APnX.‰n.Fkv, _n.B¿.kn. Xfn-°pfw hnZKv[ ]cntim[\ tUm. {]tamZv sI \mdmØv {ioaXn. sI.sI.eoemw-_nI, _n.B¿.kn. tN¿∏v {ioaXn. en√n.C.Fw, F.F¬.]n.Fkv s]cn-t©cn Ub‰v, Xr»q¿ {ioaXn. kn_n.sI.\mcm-b-W≥, F.F¬.]n.Fkv. Nmgq¿ {io. hn. Sn Pbdmw {ioaXn. tcWpI.hn.Fw, _n.B¿.kn. ]pg-bv°¬ Ub‰v, Xr»q¿ {ioaXn. hnPb.sI.Fkv, _n.B¿.kn. sImSp-ß-√p¿ {ioaXn. Znhy.sI.hn, _n.B¿.kn. amf {ioaXn. tPmkn k°-dnb, Pn.bp.]n.Fkv. hc-Snbw {ioaXn. jo_.]n.B¿, _n.B¿.kn. aXn-eIw GtIm]\w {ioaXn. hn.Fkv._nµp, _n.B¿.kn. Nme-°pSn tUm. ]n. cmaIrjvW≥ {ioaXn. ]n.B¿.KoXmIpamcn, Pn.bp.]n.Fkv. Nq≠¬ Ub‰v, Xr»q¿ {ioaXn. KoX.sI.hn, _n.B¿.kn, Nmh-°mSv {io. {]Pojv Xºn aqe-∏m´v, F≥.F¬.]n.Fkv. aWen {ioaXn. ‰n.]n.kp`{Z, skUv.Fw.F¬.]n.Fkv. tImegn {io. ]n.hn.B‚p, _n.B¿.kn. sImS-Ic {ioaXn. kn.F.sUbvkn, Pn.bp.]n.Fkv. ]mh-d´n {ioaXn. Po\.]n.sI, _n.B¿.kn. A¥n-°mSv {ioaXn. Po≥.F.sP, _n.B¿.kn. H√q-°c {io. kPohvIpam¿.sI, _n.B¿.kn. ]gb∂q¿ Nn{Xßƒ {io. ]n.kn.Im¿Øn-tI-b≥, F≥.Fkv.F®v.Fkv. hmfq¿ en]n {ioaXn cay.sI.B¿ hn\ymkw Inj≥ tIm∏n sk‚¿, ]me°mSv Pn√m hnZym`ymk ]cnioe\ tI{µw (U-b-‰v), Xr»q¿, cmah¿a]pcw ]n H 680631 email :[email protected] website :www.dietthrissur.org blog : diettsr.blogspot.in

ap{ZWw

\n¿t±-i-ßƒ

‘Xp≈nIƒ’ D]tbmKn°ptºmƒ........... 2014˛15 A[yb\h¿jw apX¬ \ΩpsS hnZymebßfn¬ amdnb ]mTy]≤Xn A\pkcn®p≈ ]pXnb ]mT]pkv X Ißƒ D]tbmKn®p XpSßnbncn°pIbmWt√m. kp\n›nXamb ]T\t\´ßsf e£yw sh®psIm≠p≈ {]h¿Ø\ßfpw ]mT`mKßfpamWv Cu ]pkvXIßfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. H∂v, c≠v ¢mpIsf kw_‘n®nStØmfw, hmb\, teJ\w apXemb ASnÿm\ `mjmtijnIfpw KWnX t_m[hpw e`yam°pI F∂Xv ]T\ e£yßfn¬ {][m\amWv. CXn\p≈ [mcmfw {]h¿Ø\ßƒ ]pXnb ]mT]pkvXIßfn¬ \¬Inbn´pap≠v. F∂m¬ ]mT]pkvXIßfnse {]h¿Ø\ßƒsIm≠p am{Xw F√m Ip´nIfnepw ]T\ e£yßƒ Dd∏phcpØm≥ Ign™psIm≈Wsa∂n√. ]mT`mKßfn¬ AhXcn∏n® A£cßfptSbpw Nn”ßfptSbpw ]ZßfptSbpw hmb\°pw FgpØn\pw DXIp∂ IqSpX¬ kµ¿`ßƒ Ip´n°v e`nt°≠Xp≠v. ]cnNbn® KWnXtijnIƒ Bh¿Øn®pd∏n t°≠Xpap≠v. tIhew bm{¥nIamb Bh¿Ø\amImsX ]Tn® A£cßfpw Nn”ßfpw KWnX{InbIfpsa√mw Dd∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ t_m[]q¿∆amb {iaßƒ D≠mIWw. CØcØnep≈ ]p\c\p`hßƒ°pth≠n ^e{]Zambn D]tbmKn°mhp∂ ]T\kma{KnIfmWv h¿Iv jo‰pIƒ. ]mTØnte°p {]thin°m\pw ]T\{]h¿Ø\ßtfmsSm∏hpw ]T\Øn\p tijap≈ hnebncpØen\pw Bh¿Ø\Øn\pw h¿°v jo‰pIƒ D]tbmKn°mdp≠v. h¿°v jo‰pIfpsS D]tbmKØn\v Hmtcm kµ¿`ßfnepw AXnt‚Xmb Dt±iyßfpw {]tbmP\ßfpap≠v. H∂mw ¢mnse ]T\{]h¿Ø\ßfptSbpw ¢mkv dqw BhiyIXIfpsSbpw ASnÿm\Øn¬ cq]s∏SpØnb h¿Iv jo‰pIfmWv Xp≈nIfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. c≠mw XcØnepw Ch D]tbmKn°mw. A[yb\h¿jØns‚ Ahkm\w Bh¿Ø\Øn\pw ]cnlmct_m[\Øn\pw Ch {]tbmP\s∏SWw F∂mWv e£yan´n´p≈Xv. A£cßfptSbpw ]ZßfptSbpw {InbIfptSbpw {]mtbmKnI {]iv\]cnlcWØnt‚bpw bm{¥nIa√msXbp≈ ]p\cp]tbmKØn\pw teJ\Øn\pap≈ km[yXIfmWv ChnsS D]tbmKs∏SpØnbn´p≈Xv. A[yb\h¿jmhkm\w e`n°p∂ 30 {]hrØnZnhkßsf ap∂n¬ I≠psIm≠mWv Cu h¿Iv jo‰pIƒ Xømdm°nbncn°p∂Xv. `mj, KWnXw F∂o hnjbßsf ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ A≥]Xp hoXw h¿°v jo‰pIƒ Xp≈nIfn¬ D≠v. Hcp h¿Iv jo‰nse {]h¿Ø\w \¬Ip∂Xn\v icmicn 20 an\n´v kabw hcpsa∂mWv IW°m°p∂Xv. Hmtcm Znhkhpw kuIcy{]ZamIp∂ Hcp ]ncoUv (40 an\n´v) D]tbmKn®v c≠p h¿°v jo‰nse {]h¿Ø\ßƒ sNømw. Aßs\ 30 Znhkw sIm≠v NpcpßnbXv 60 h¿°v jo‰pIsf¶nepw D]tbmKn°mhp∂ Hcp {]h¿Ø\ ]mt°PmWnXv. `mjbnepw KWnXØnepw Xømdm°nbn´p≈ A≥]Xp hoXw h¿°v jo‰pIfn¬ \n∂v BhiyIX°\pkcn®v 30 hoXw h¿Iv jo‰pIƒ A[ym]nI°v sXcs™Sp°mw. Ip´nIfpsS ]T\\nehmcw Db¿Øp∂Xn\pw Dd∏n°p∂Xn\pambn t_m[]q¿∆w Bkq{XnXambn \SØp∂ CSs]Sembn´mWv Cu h¿°v jo‰pIfpsS D]tbmKsØ ImtW≠Xv. B A¿YØn¬ KthjWmﬂIhpw imkv { Xobhpamb ]T\{]h¿Ø\ambn CXns\ D]tbmKs∏SpØpI. ]mt°Pnse {]h¿Ø\ßƒ \¬InØpSßp∂Xn\pap≥]v AXXp taJeIfn¬ Xs‚ Ip´nIfpsS \nehmcsa¥mbncp∂psh∂v [mcWbps≠¶nte Cu h¿°v jo‰pIfnse {]h¿Ø\ßƒsIm≠v GtXXp {]tbmP\ßfmWv D≠mbsX∂v \ap°v hnebncpØm\mhq. Cßs\ hkvXp\njvTamb hnebncpØepIƒ \SØm≥ Cu {]h¿Ø\]mt°PneqsS km[n°Ww. ssZ\wZn\ ]T\{]h¿Ø\ßƒ°p ]Icambn sNøm\p≈hb√ Cu h¿°vjo‰p Isfm∂pw. CXv ]mT]pkvXIßƒ°p ]Ichpa√. klmbI]T\kma{KnIƒ am{XamWnh. ]mTy]≤Xnbn¬ hn`mh\w sNbvXn´p≈ tijnIfpw ]T\ t\´ßfpw Dd∏m°p∂Xn\pw Bhiysa¶n¬ Bh¿Øn°p∂Xn\pw th≠nbp≈hbmWv.

Ip´nIƒ°v kzbw sNømhp∂ coXnbnemWv {IaoIcn®n´p≈sX¶nepw Xp≈nIfnse ]T\ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ sNøp∂Xn\v A[ym]nIbpsS ta¬t\m´hpw am¿K\n¿t±ihpw BhiyamWv. A£camem {IaØntem kwJym{IaØntem A√ Ch {IaoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. Hmtcm h¿°v jo‰nepw `n∂ Xe°m¿°p≈ {]h¿Ø\ km[yX Dƒs∏SpØm≥ {ian®n´p≠v. Ip´nIfpsS ]T\ t\´ßƒ hnebncpØp∂Xn\pw A[ym]nI°v Cu h¿°v jo‰pIƒ D]tbmKn°mw. Ip´nIfpsS {]¿Ø\ßƒ A[ym]nI ]cntim[n°pIbpw tcJs∏SpØpIbpw sNøWw. hnhn[ taJeIfn¬ Ip´nIfpsS \nehmcw F¥mWv F∂v Ip´nIsfbpw c£nXm°tfbpw Adnbn°p∂Xn\v Cu tcJs∏SpØ¬ {]tbmP\IcamWv. AXXpkabßfn¬ Ip´nIƒ°pw c£nXm°ƒ°pw Bhiyamb \n¿t±ißƒ A[ym]nI \¬IWw. hoSpIfnte°v sImSpØphn´v sNbvXp hcm\p≈hb√ Cu h¿Iv jo‰pIƒ. A[ym]nIbpsS ta¬t\m´Øn¬ Xs∂ \St°≠ {]h¿Ø\ßfmWnh. Ip´nIsf kw_‘n®nStØmfw hm¿jnI aqey\n¿Wb{]h¿Ø\ßƒ°p≈ aps∂mcp°ambpw Cu {]h¿Ø\ßsf ImWmw. HmtcmcpØcpw sNbvX h¿°v jo‰pIƒ t]m¿´v t^mfntbm B°n tiJcn®p shbv°mhp∂XmWv. Hmtcm Znhkhpw Ip´nIƒ sNøp∂ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ c£nXm°ƒ ImWs´. c£nXm°fpsS klmbtØmsS IqSpX¬ ]Zßtfm hmIyßttfm {]iv\ßtfm Is≠Øp ∂Xn\v \n¿t±in°mw. FgpØn\v IqSpX¬ Ahkcsamcp°pIbmWv Cu {]h¿Ø\ßfneqsS sNbvXncn °p∂Xv. FgpXp∂Xnse sX‰pIƒ Is≠Øn Ip´nIsf t_m[ys∏SpØpIbpw icnbmb amXrI ]cnNbs∏SpØpIbpw thWw. ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ Ip´nIƒ°v A[ym]nIbpsS {]tXyIw klmbw Bhiyambn hcpw. Ipsd {]h¿Ø\ßƒ H∂n®v sNøn°p∂XpsIm≠v {]tbmP\an√. AXv Ip´nIfn¬ Bib°pg∏ap≠m°ntb°mw. A£cßfptSbpw Nn”ßfptSbpw BteJ\w, D®mcWw F∂nhbn¬ {]XyIw {i≤ BhiyamWv. A[ym]nIbpsS amXrIbmWv Ip´n A\pIcn°p∂Xv. t\Snb tijnIƒ Bh¿Øn°p∂Xn\pw, Dd∏n°p∂Xn\pw hn´pt]mbh kzmbØam°p ∂Xn\pw ]cnlmct_m[\Øn\pw Cu {]h¿Ø\]mt°Pv {]tbmP\s∏Spsa∂v IcpXp∂p. ASnÿm\ `mjmtijnIfpw KWnXtijnIfpw Dd∏n°p∂Xn\pth≠n Cu ‘Xp≈nIƒ’ ^e{]Zambn D]tbmKs∏SpØWw. ¢mkv Ib‰w e`n°p∂ Hmtcm Ip´nbpw ASnÿm\ tijnIƒ t\Sp∂p F∂v Dd∏p hcpØm≥ CXneqsS Ignbp∂p. Xp≈nIƒ cq]Iev]\ sNøp∂Xn\pw kamlcn°p∂Xn\pw {]bXv\n® A[ym]ItcmSv \µn ]dbp∂p. Pn√m XeØn¬ H∂v c≠v ¢mpIfnse A[ym]IcpsS A°mZanI Iq´mbvabmbn CXv hf¿∂p hcWw. HsØmcpatbmsS ]cn{ian®m¬ Ip´nIfpsS ]T\anIhn\p th≠n Ht´sd Imcyßƒ \ap°v sNøm\mhpw. D]tbmKn®tijw Cu h¿°v j o‰pIsf∏‰nbp≈ {]XnIcWßƒ Xo¿®bmbpw Pn√mhnZym`ymk ]cnioe\ tI{µ(U- b - ‰ v ) sØ Adnbn°Ww. hcpw h¿jßfn¬ Ch ]pXp°p∂Xn\pw sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw B A`n{]mbßƒ hfsc {]tbmP\{]ZamIpw

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

1

BtLmjw Nn{Xw t\m°q

GXv BtLmjØns‚ Nn{XamWv CXv ? Is≠Øn h´w hc°q. Nn{X-Øn\p Xmsg t]sc-gp-Xq. HmWw

{InkvXpakv

kzmX{¥yZn\w

hnhcWw ]q¿Ønbm°q ........................................................................ sI´n ........................................................................ Db¿Øn ........................................................................ \¬In ........................................................................ ]mSn 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

]XmI tZiobKm\w tXmcWw anTmbn

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

2

B\

IÆ\m\ D’hØn\v t]mhpIbmWv.

hcnIƒ hmbn°q. IqSpX¬ hcnIƒ FgpXpI. IdpIdpsØmcp B\ Ip´nsImº\m\ ............................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................... ...............................................................................

B\-bpsS hnti-jW - ß - ƒ tN¿Øv ]qcn-∏n-°p-I. IdpØ B\ ........................................................ B\ ......................................................................

tT,tT shSn s]m´n B\ hnct≠mSn BfpIƒ Fßpw NnXdn.

...................................................................... ...................................................................... ......................................................................

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

3

A∏phpw Nn∏nbpw lmbv! A∏Øns‚ aWw ........... aÆn¬ Ifn®p sIm≠ncn°pIbmbncp∂ A∏p ASp°fbntet°mSn. DÆnb∏w, s\ø∏w, Ipge∏w, ]me∏w, h´b∏w... F{Xsb{X A∏ßƒ..........A∏p Nn∏nsb hnfn®p.

‘∏’ hcp∂ ]Zßƒ Is≠Øq. ASnhcbnSq. ‘∏’ hcp∂ IqSpX¬ ]Zßƒ FgpXpI.

]∏Sw ..................................................

Nn∏n h∂p. A∏phpw Nn∏nbpw XΩn¬ Fs¥√mamWv ]d™n´p≠mhpI? kw`mjWw ]q¿Ønbm°pI.

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................

A∏p : \√ aWw hcp∂p≠v Nn∏n : F¥ns‚ aWamWv? A∏p : ............................................................................... Nn∏n : ...............................................................................

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A∏p : ...............................................................................

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Nn∏n : ...............................................................................

..................................................

A∏p : ............................................................................... Nn∏n : ...............................................................................

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

4

Iuie°mc\mb Im° Nn{Xßfn¬ Fs¥√mw? FgpXn t\m°q.

Nn{Xw t\m°n IY ]q¿Ønbm°q. Im° Zmln®v he™v Ccn°pIbmbncp∂p. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

5

ame tIm¿°mw

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g h

a d

b

A

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X

d I

a

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e ]

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X i

A£c ]pjv]ßfn¬ \n∂pw ]Zßƒ Is≠Øn FgpXq. Nn”-ßƒ tN¿°-tW. ]mX

Is≠-Ønb ]Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hmIy-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°q. DZm: he hoin

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

6

Fßs\ FgpXmw? ]qºm‰sb ]qhn\v ASpØv FØn°q..

A hcp∂ IqSp-X¬ ]Z-ßƒ Is≠-Øq. Fgp-Xq.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

7

Is≠Ømtam ? ] Nn

d h

I Iv

]p

S e

X

I

h

h h

f

hn

bw

a

e

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Hmtcm I≈n-bn-tebpw ]Z-ßƒ Is≠-Øq. Xmsg Fgp-Xq.

Is≠-Ønb hm°p-Iƒ XpS-ßp∂ hmIy-ßƒ D≠m-°q. ]dh h∂p

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

8

tkm^n-bpsS NXpcw tkm^n hc® NXp-c-ßƒ t\m°q.

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I

N

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CXnse A£-c-ßƒ°v Nn”-ßƒ tN¿Øv F{X ]Z-ßƒ D≠m-°m≥ ]‰pw? Fgp-Xn-t\m-°q.

ame

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

9

XØΩ XØn\w Im´nse XØΩ XØnØØn XØΩ AØnacØn≥ XmgsØØn AØn∏gw sImØnØn∂p.

XØ-Ωbv°v \ndw \¬Imw

IhnXbn¬ F{X ‘Ø’D≠v ? Is≠Øq. ‘Ø’bpsS ASnbn¬ hcbv°q. ‘Ø’hcp∂ ]Zßƒ FSpsØgpXq.

‘Ø’hcp∂ IqSpX¬ ]Zßƒ Is≠Øn FgpXmtam?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

10

Hfn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmcv ? Nn{X-Øn¬ Hc-£cw Hfn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. B A£cw Is≠Øn \ndw \¬Iq.

Is≠Ønb A£cw hcp∂ ]Zßƒ FgpXmtam?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

11

B`cWaWnbn°mw A£-cß - ƒ°v DNn-Xa - mb Nn”-ßƒ tN¿°q. Hfn-®n-cn-°p-∂h - sc Is≠-Ømw.

I

™

°

g

A

Ω

∏

º ‰

a

g

h

√

]

≈

°

S

m, n, o, p, q, v

Is≠-Ønb ]Z-ßƒ hcp∂ F{X hmIy-ßƒ D≠m°mw?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

12

H∂n¬ \n∂v HØncn Hcp ]ZØn¬ \n∂pw ]camh[n ]Zßƒ \n¿Ωn°q. Iae

hnae

Imf-h≠n

Ie ___________

___________

___________

ae ___________

___________

___________

ISe

ag-hn√v

___________

___________

___________

___________

Acn-aWn

Xhf

]dh

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

Ifn-h≈w

IcSn

___________

___________

___________

___________

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

13

Imfh≠n Bh¿Øn®p hcp∂ A£cØn\p Np‰pw h´w hcbv°q. B A£cw hcp∂ a‰p ]Zßƒ Is≠Øq.

IS IS IS IS Imfh≠n ]S ]S ]S ]S ]mSp∂p. NS ]S NS]S HmSp-∂p. Xcn-InS Xcn-InS Im´p-∂p.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

14

Im° h∂p! ]qcn-∏n-s®-gp-Xmtam? Im° h∂p. Acn

Xn∂p.

XØ h∂p. Acn Xn∂p. tImgn _________________________ Acn

_________________________

______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Bsc√mw h∂p ?

Fs¥√mw Xn∂p ?

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

15

sh≈hpw h≈hpw

Cu ]m´v ]mSq. CXn¬ \n∂pw ‘≈’ hcp∂ ]Zßƒ Is≠Øn FSpsØgpXq.... h≈nbΩ sh≈Øn¬ h≈w X≈n hn´p. Xp≈n Xp≈nbmbn sh≈w h≈Ønembn. h≈w sh≈-Øn-em-bn.

‘≈’ hcp∂ IqSpX¬ ]Zßƒ Is≠Ømtam?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

16

F{X hmIyßƒ? Im°

]mºv

B\ Cg™p

Xhf

\S∂p

]d∂p

NmSn

hmIyßƒ Is≠Øn FgpXq....

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

17

apØ-»n-bpsS ]m{X-ßƒ apØ-»n-bpsS ]m{X-ßf - psS aqSn GsX-√m-sa∂v Is≠-Øm≥ klm-bn-°q. aqSnIƒ hc®v tbmPn∏n°q. AXnse ]Zßƒ tN¿Øv hmIyßƒ \n¿Ωn°q.

\\®p

aÆv

Inf®p

hnØv

hnX®p

sh≈w

Is≠Ønb hmIyßƒ {IaØnem°mtam?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

18

XmcbpsS Nn{Xw

Xmc hc® Nn{Xw It≠m? Nn{XØn¬ ImWp∂Xv Fs¥√mw? Xmsg FgpXmtam?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

19

hoSpw IqSpw AΩphn\ps≠mcp

Im°bv°ps≠mcp

]iphn\ps≠mcp

]mºn\ps≠mcp

Nn{XØn\p ]Icw ]Zw D]tbmKn®v IhnX ]q¿Ønbm°n FgpXq..

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

20

hgn ImWnbv°q lmbv ! ]gpØp XpSpØ amºgßƒ ! AÆmd°Æ\v hmbn¬ sh≈aqdn Fßs\ ]dnbv°pw? ‘¥’hcp∂ ]Zßƒ°v \ndw \¬Iq. hgn ImWn°q.........

Nm¥v

aµmcw

hf

]¥¬ Ip¥w tImgn ]¥w he ]dh A¥w ]mh ap¥ncn ]¥v Nµ\w \cn N¥w N¥ hmg AÆms‚ hgnbn¬ ImWp∂ ]Zßƒ GsX√mw? FSp-sØ-gp-Xq.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

21

AΩphn\v Hcp kΩm\w AΩ h∂p. AΩphns\ hnfn®p. kΩm\ambn IΩ¬ sImSpØp. AΩmh≥ Ahƒs°mcp DΩ \¬In. AΩphn\v kt¥mjambn. IYbn¬ \n∂pw ‘Ω’ hcp∂ ]Zßƒ Is≠Øn FgpXq.

Ω

‘Ω’ hcp∂ IqSpX¬ ]Zßƒ Is≠Øq...

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

22

Iq´pIqSmw Ia-ebpw hna-ebpw kvIqfn¬\n∂ hcp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. At∏m-gmWv ag h∂-Xv.

Ia-eb - psSbpw hna-eb - p-sSbpw kw`m-jWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°q. Iae : \√ ag hnae

:

____________________________

Iae

:

]\n ]nSn°pw.

hnae

:

____________________________ Cd°mw

Iae

:

____________________________

ag XI¿Øp s]bvXp aebnepw ]pgbnepw ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

23

F{X ]q°fpsS t]cdnbmw? CXm ChnsS Ipd®p ]q°fpsS t]cpIƒ It≠m? Chbn¬ Htc A£cw hcp∂ ]q°ƒ XΩn¬ hc®v tbmPn∏n°mtam?

sX®n

Bº¬

ko\nb

a√nI

Xpº

Umenb

ap√

]n®n

amXrI t]mse FgpXq. sX®nbpw ]n®nbpw ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv .......................

24

kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

A£cacw Cu acØnse hm°pIƒ hmbn°q... Htc Nn”w hcp∂ hm°pIƒ Is≠Øq...

Xnc

]mhmS

Nncn

]pg

IpSw Xmc

]Sw

ASn

Nnch

ame

Infn

]md

hcw

acw

Iew

hSn

hne

Xmac apdw

]´nI ]q¿Ønbm°q.. Xnc

Noc

Xmc

acw

____________

____________ ____________

____________

____________

____________ ____________

____________

____________

____________ ____________

____________

____________

____________ ____________

____________

____________

____________ ____________

____________

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

25

Rßƒ°pw ]dbm\p≠v ]d-bp-∂-Xm-cmWv? hc®p tbmPn-∏n-°q.

tImgn

Rm≥ ap´ Xcpw

]ip

Rm≥ hoSp Im°pw

]q®

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

26

AΩbpsS kvt\lw Nn{Xßfn¬ Fs¥√mw ImWp∂p? FgpXn t\m°q..

Hmtcm Nn{XØn\pw ASnbn¬ tbmPn® hmIyw FSpsØgpXq.. ]mºv Cg™ph∂p Ip™pßsf NndIn\Snbn¬ Hfn∏n®p tImgnbΩ t]Sn®p. ap´ hncn™p. IY FgpXmtam?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

27

AWns™mcpßmw ]qae°m´nse Sp´papbens‚ IeymWamWv . Im´nse arKßsf√mw I√ymWØn\v t]mIm≥ Hcp°w XpSßn. F√mhcpsSbpw B`cWßƒ AØnacØns‚ s]mØn¬ s]´nbnemWv. s]´nbpambn an´pam≥ FØn. \oenIm° ]d∂ph∂p ]d™p. XmensI´mdmbn F√mhcpw thKw hcq. icnbmb B`cWßƒ B`cWs∏´nbn¬ \n∂pw Is≠Øm≥ \nßƒ klmbn°ptam?

In´papb¬

a Ø a e

AWn™p.

kpµcnØØ Np≠n¬ Nph∏v N b Ip´nbm\ \ ‰ ∏´ \oen°m° Idp∏v

sI´n. DS ∏

an∂p°pcß≥ a √∏ h Xmct°mgn ] Zkc

n o s v

tX®p.

C´p. NqSn

C´p

m p

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

w q Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

28

A£c®Xpcw AΩp D≠m°nb A£c®Xpcw t\m°q. B

ip

]

{Xn

I

\

\

¥v

tIm

cw

c

I

c

Ww

I

a

≥

N

D

a

Wn

Cu

¥

∏

\

Nn{XØn¬ F{X ]Zßƒ Hfn®ncn°p∂ps≠∂v Is≠Øn h´Øn\p≈nem°q.

Is≠Ønb ]Zßƒ FSpsØgpXpI. aIcw

]Zßƒ D]tbmKn®v hmIyßƒ D≠m°mw. DZm: ˛ AΩ Bip]{Xnbn¬ t]mbn. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

29

Atøm !!

t\cw ]pecp∂p. Im° Ic™p. A\p Dd°apW¿∂p. Ahƒ ]Xnhpt]mse tImgn°qSn\SpsØØn. Atøm !! IqSp Xpd∂p InS°p∂t√m ! A\p ]ns∂ F¥p sNbvXp? IY apgph\m°mtam?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

30

\Sphnemcv If-ß-fn¬ \Sp-hn¬ Bsc∂v Is≠-Øq. Fgp-Xq.

a D

I hw

E

I `w

X

Ω

cw

≠n

Ww

N

Ip

A

h

\w

]

\w

b bw

`

Ww cw

Ifßfn¬ ]Z-ßƒ FSp-sØ-gp-Xq.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv .......................

31

kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

Nn√p-sIm-´mcw abn¬∏o-en-bn¬ hn´p-t]mb ]Z-ßƒ Fgp-Xq.

¬

abn

¬

am≥

≥

Im¿

¿

ƒ

¨

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

CX

ƒ

Iq¨

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

32

hoc≥ Fen

Rm\mWv Fen.-F-s∂-∏‰n ]d-™n-cn--°p∂ icn-bmb Imcy-ßƒ°p-t\sc F∂pw sX‰m-b-hbv°p t\sc x F∂pw AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. n

Fs∂ ho´n¬ hf¿Øm-dp-≠v.

n

F\n°v ]d-°m≥ Ignbpw.

n

Rm≥ ho´n-ep≈ km[-\-ßƒ Ic-≠p-Xn∂pw

n

F\n°v c≠v sImºp≠v.

n

F\n°v ]q®sb t]Sn-bm-Wv.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

√

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

33

dhbpw ]dbpw ‘d’bpsS ASn-bn¬ hc°q.

dh-sb-SpØv ]d \nd®p ]d-sb-SpØv Ad-bn¬ h®p Ad \ndsb dh \nd®p ‘d’ hcp∂ ]Z-ßƒ FSp-sØ-gp-Xq.

‘d’ hcp∂ IqSp-X¬ ]Z-ßƒ Is≠Øn F-gp-Xq.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

34

IzIv IzmIv Pohn-I-fpsS Nn{X-Øn\pw t]cn\pw i_vZ-Øn\pw Htc \ndw \¬Iq.

Izm°v....Izm°v....Izm°v....

]q® aymhq.....aymhq..... tImgn

_u.....-_u...... \mb

Xmdmhv

sIm°-c.....-tIm....-tIm.....

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

35

Hm IY ..........-te-™men ...........-W° - m-eØv .............-S\ - m-h´- Øvt]mbn. AhnsS sN∂t∏mƒ ...........-te-™m-en°v ...........-Sn-°-fn-°m≥ Hcp ...........-¥ns\ In´n. .............-te™m-enbpw.............¥pw ...........-eØ - p-ºØv ............-Sn-°f - n®p ckn-®p.

hn´p-t]mb ÿe-ßfn-se√mw ‘Hm’ Fs∂-gpXn hmbn®p t\m°q...

Hm hcp∂ ]Z-ßƒ Is≠Øn FgpXmw

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

36

kZy-sbm-cp-°m≥ kZysbmcp°m≥ sIm≠ph∂ ]®°dnIƒ Ifßfnep≠v.

X

°m

fn

ssI sh

]

I ©

ß

≈

Im

c

‰v

]

cn

tN

\

Im

b

ap

ºv

No ™

¿

cn

√

c

am

ß

¶

]®-°d- n-Iƒ Is≠Øn \ndw \¬Iq

]®°dnIfpsS t]cpIƒ FSpsØgpXmw.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

37

Gen-bpsS Gebv° Gen Gebv° \p≈m≥ t]mbn G´≥ Gebv° tNmZn®p GWnbn¬ \n∂v Gen Gebv° sImSpØp

G hcp∂ ]Z-ßfpsS ASn-bn¬ hcbv°mw

G hcp∂ ]Z-ßƒ FSp-sØ-gp-XpI.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

38

hcn-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿°q... Rms\s‚ ]mSØv sh≠ \´p sh≠-sb-\n-°p Imb X∂p Rms\s‚ ]mSØv X°mfn \´p X°m-fn-sb-\n°v Imb-X∂p

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

39

Aev]w B\-°mcyw henb

sNhn-Iƒ

.................... hmev ....................... IÆp-Iƒ ....................... sImºp-Iƒ ...................... Imep-Iƒ

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

40

B`-cW - a - W - n-bn°mw

p q Nn”ßƒ tN¿Øv ]qcn∏n®v hmbn°q.

sZm∏....... ]mSØv hnØv CSm≥ Xoc.....am\n®...... .Ah≥ I......-´n-\mbn `mcy-sbbpw I......´n. c≠......t]cpw tN¿∂v hnØv \´...... . sNSn a.....f®....... A-Xn¬ \ndsb Imb D≠m-bn. Ah¿ Imb hn‰v kt¥m-j-].....¿∆w Pohn-®.....

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

41

tbmPn-®Xp tN¿°mw

y r z X......°v h......Øn h...mgw hnI...Xn k....cw a...Kw h..mbmaw I...Xn k...Imc...w IqSpX¬ ]Zßƒ Is≠Ømw FgpXmw y

r

z

___________ ___________ ___________

___________ ___________ ___________

___________ ___________ ___________

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

42

FgpXn tN¿°mw

]qhv henb ]qhv aW-ap-≈- h-enb ]qhv

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

43

sh´n-°-fbmw hmbn°mw Rm\m-sc-∂-dn-bm≥ Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ A£cw sh´n-°-fbq. ©A©[ym-©]-©I©≥© ¶t]m¶Ãv ¶ am¶≥¶ ßtUmßIvßSß¿ß ≠in≠ip≠-Zn≠\w≠ ZKmZ‘n-ZP-ZbZ¥nZ

Is≠Øn-bXv FSp-sØ-gpXq

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

44

Fs∂ A\p-I-cn-°q.... FgpXn tN¿°mw

\S∂v \S∂v HmSntbmSn

BSnbpw ]mSnbpw HmSnbpw NmSnbpw

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

45

Fs∂-°p-dn-s®-gp-Xn-t\m-°q....

.... ....

F\ C‘ n-°v \w HmSm th ≥ ≠

.

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

.... .

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

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....

.

.... ....

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

46

Nn{XØnse¥v ? Nn{X-Øn-\v tbmPn® hmIyßƒ FgpXq

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

47

Ip¶n-bpsS tXm´w Ip¶nbpsS tXm´Øn¬ \n∂v ]®°dnIƒ t\m°q.

]®°dnIfpsS t]sc-gpXmw

Fs¥√mw D≠m°mw ? _m°n FgpXq. ]gw sIm≠v ]mbkw

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

48

F\n°p th≠Xv sdbn¬]mfw

Bip-]{Xn

N{Iw

F©n≥

tdmUv

]¶mbw

ss{Uh¿

sh≈w

acw

Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw th≠Xv FSp-sØ-gp-Xq.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

49

`mjbpw thjhpw ]d-bm≥ thWw `mj

j hcp∂ ]Z-ßƒ°v Np‰pw h´w hc°q

]d-b-cp-Xmcpw tZmjw AWn-bm≥ thWw thjw apjn-b-cpsXm´pw thjw

Iq´p-Imsc Is≠Øq. j hcp∂ IqSpX¬ ]Zßƒ FgpXq

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

50

Iq´p-Imsc Is≠Ømw a[pc-ap-≈ B∏nƒ Hgp-Ip∂ ____________________]q°ƒ ____________________sXßp-Iƒ ____________________]pg

`wKn-bp≈ Db-c-ap≈ Ipc-°p∂ ]mbp∂

____________________Xo-h≠n ____________________]´n

IqSpX¬ hmIyßƒ D≠m°mtam ? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

51

cmaphns‚ hoSv cmaphns‚ hoSv It≠m?

Nn{XØn¬ Hmtcm∂pw F{Xbps≠∂v FÆn FgpXq. amhv hoSv ]q® tImgn ]ip henb ]qhv sNdnb ]qhv \mb 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

52

d^o°ns‚ AcpaIƒ d^o°ns‚ AcpaIfmb arKßsfbpw ]£nIsfbpw t\m°q..

BsI F{X?

]q®

1) ]q®bpw XØbpw IqSnbmse{X?

XØ =

+

tImgn 2) tImgnbpw \mbbpw IqSnbmse{X?

\mb

XØ

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

BsI =

+

3) XØbpw tImgnbpw tN¿∂m¬ F{X?

BsI

tImgn +

BsI =

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

53

tImgn°p™pßsf Iq´nem°mw kpµ-cn-t°m-gn-bpsS Ip™pßsf t\m°q.

F√mhtcbpw Hcp Iq´n¬ sIm≈n√. c≠p IqSp≠v. Fßns\sbms° Iq´nem°mw. kpµcnt°mgnsb klmbn°mtam? F{X tImgn°p™pßƒ D≠v? FÆn FgpXq.

10 +

2

+ +

12

+ + +

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

54

amß hoXn°mw cmaphpw Iq´pImcpw ]dn® amßIƒ t\m°q..

F{X amßIƒ D≠v? FÆn t\m°q. FgpXq. In´nb amßIƒ aq∂v Iq´pIm¿°v Xp√yambn hoXn°Ww. Ahsc klmbn°mtam? cmap APn A\nX

_m°n amß F{X?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

55

Xoh≠nbm{X cmaphpw Iq´pImcpw Xoh≠nbmbn Ifn®p.

t_mKnIƒ°v \º¿ \¬Iq.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

56

Hfn™ncn°p∂Xv Bcv? 1 apX¬ 12 hsc IpØp-Iƒ tbmPn-∏n-®p-t\m-°q. 1

3

l

l

2

l l12

l4 l5

l 11

6 l10

l l8

l 9

l7

IØp-I-fnse kwJy-Iƒ sNdp-Xn¬\n∂v hep-Xn-te°v F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ FSpsØgp-Xq.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

57

s\√n° s]dp°mw ssee-bpsS s\√nacØn¬ \n∂p Xmsg hoW s\√n°Iƒ t\m°q..

F{X s\√n°Iƒ D≠v? FÆn t\m°q . FgpXq. CXn¬ \mev s\√n°Iƒ tISmbncp∂p. BsI s\√n°

tISph∂Xv

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

_m°n

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

58

InfnIsf{X ? tacn-bpsS hoSn\v apIfneqsS ]d°p∂ InfnIƒ F{X?

Nn{XØnse 7 InfnIƒ°v \ndw \¬Imtam? Ct∏mƒ \ndw \¬ImØ F{X InfnIƒ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

59

]q°fp≠mm°mtam ? A∏phpw amfphpw Nn©phpw D≠m°nb ]q°ƒ t\m°q.

A∏p amfp

Nn©p

l

BcmWv G‰hpw Ipdhv ]q°ƒ D≠m°nbXv F{X ?

l

Nn©p D≠m-°n-bXv F{X ?

l

Nn©phnt\°mƒ amfp F{X ]q°ƒ IqSpX¬ D≠m°n ?

l

amfp D≠m°nb ]q°fpsS FÆw F{X ?

l

Nn©phpw amfphpw IqSn BsI F{X ]q°ƒ D≠m°n ?

l

aq∂p t]cpw IqSn D≠m°nb ]q°fpsS FÆw F{X ?

l

amfp D≠m°nb ]q°fn¬ aqs∂Æw A∏phn\v sImSpØp. Ct∏mƒ amfphns‚ ssIbn¬ F{X ?

l

A∏phns‚ ssIbn¬ Ct∏mƒ F{X ]q°ƒ D≠v ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

60

\ndw sImSp°q, FÆn FgpXq

henb`cWnbnse \mcßIfpsS FÆw ? sNdnb`cWnbnse \mcßIfpsS FÆw ? \mcßIƒ°v tbmPn® \ndw \¬Imtam ? c≠p `cWnIfnepw IqSn BsI F{X \mcßIƒ D≠v ?

+

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

=

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

61

Rm\mcv ? 12 DØcw hcp∂ Ifßƒ°v \ndw \¬Imtam ?

9+5 8+4

8+7

6+6 4

+

3

9+3 11 + 1 10 + 2

Icbnepw sh≈Ønepw ImWp∂ Rm\mcv ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

62

Ip´bnse{X ]gßƒ ?

B∏nƒ

Hmd©v

hmg∏gw

amºgw G‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]gßƒ GXp Ip´bn¬ ? G‰hpw Ipdhv ]gßƒ GXp Ip´bn¬ ? ]gßfpsS FÆsØ hepXn¬ \n∂pw sNdpXnte°v {IaoIcn°mtam ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

63

kwJy Is≠Øq \ndw \¬Iq. {InkvXpakn\v tSmanbpsS hoSv Ae¶cn®Xv t\m°q

\£{Xßƒ°v \º¿ \¬Imtam ? H‰ kwJyIƒ hcp∂ \£{Xßƒ°v Nph∏v \ndw \¬Iq. Cc´kwJyIƒ hcp∂ \£{Xßƒ°v a™ \ndw \¬Iq. 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

64

XmcbpsS Ip´bnse amßIƒ FÆn FgpXmtam ?

A\nb\v sImSpØ amßIƒ

C\n XmcbpsS ssIbn¬ F{X amß D≠v ? Xmc

A\nb≥

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

_m°n

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

65

Xpeyambn ]¶v hbv°mtam ? Nn©phpw icØpw IqSn Iq´pIm¿°v D≠m°nb \£{Xßƒ FÆn FgpXq.

¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶

¶ ¶

¶

¶

¶

aq∂p Iq´pIm¿°v Xpeyambn ]¶v hbv°mtam ?

a\p

A\p

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

hn\p

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

66

_eq¨ BcpsS ? hc®v tN¿°mw lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll

10

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll

ll ll ll ll ll

100

30

llll l ll ll l llll ll ll l llll l l llll l llll l llll l llll l llll l

40

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll

50

hn´pt]mbh ]qcn∏n°mtam ?

10

30

50

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

80

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

67

XpgIfnse kwJyIƒ 18s‚ NßmXnam¿ Bsc√mw ?

_ __

_

_ __

_ + 0 1

8

10

+

8

__ _ _ ___ _ _ __

18

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

68

\o\phns‚ ASp°fbnse ]m{Xßƒ hn´pt]mbh hc®p tN¿°mtam ?

11

14 15

18

12 ]m{XßfpsS FÆw hepXn¬ \n∂v sNdpXntebv°v {IaoIcn°mtam ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

69

Iq´pImsc Is≠Ømw hc®v tbmPn-∏n-°mw.

7+8 8+4 5

4 9+2

15

7+3 10 8-3

12

6-2

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

11 Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

70

FÆmw FgpXmw

Xmac

Ba

Xhf

ao≥

Infn hetØm´p t]mIp∂ ao\pIƒ F{X ? CStØm´p t]mIp∂ ao\pIƒ F{X ? 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

71

shffw ]mgm-°-cptX

ic-Wy-bpsS Iq´p-Im-cmb cay,- A-\-\y,- ku-ay, -i-cØv F∂n-h-cpsS ho´n-ep-]tbm-Kn-°p∂ shf-fØ - ns‚ Af-hmWv Xmsg Xcp-∂Xv. t]cv

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sh≈w ]m{Xw Igp-Im≥

sNSn°v \\-bv°m≥

BsI

cay

12 I∏v

10 I∏v

˛

A\\y

˛

8 I∏v

19 I∏v

kuay

18 I∏v

˛

29 I∏v

icØv

˛

12 I∏v

24 I∏v

♦

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv BcpsS ho´n-emWv?

♦

G‰hpw Ipdhv sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv BcpsS ho´n¬ ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

72

tPmkn\v In´nb Kpfn-I-Iƒ sh≈ KpfnI 9 FÆw Znhkw 3 hoXw

\oe KpfnI 8 FÆw Znhkw 2 hoXw

\oe KpfnI Znhkw

BsI KpfnI

Ign®Xv

_m°n

Ign®Xv

_m°n

KpfnI Ign-®p-Xo-cm≥ F{X Znhkw thWw ? sh≈ KpfnI Znhkw

BsI KpfnI

KpfnI Ign-®p-Xo-cm≥ F{X Znhkw thWw ? 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

73

Hfn™ncn°p∂Xmcv ? DØcambn hcp∂ Ifßƒ°v \ndw \¬Imtam ? 24 − 12

38 − 16

50 − 32

71 − 19

55 − 15

45 − 9

94 − 33

9

11

12 38

17 22 30 40

19

36 35

21 61 15

61

37

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

18

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

74

a©mSns]dp°¬ a©mSns]dp°¬ a’cØn¬ cabv°v In´nb a©mSnIƒ t\m°q.

a©m-Sn-Iƒ FÆn Fgp-Xq. Cu a©mSnIƒ Bdp hoXap≈ Iq´ßfm°mtam ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

75

amßs]dp°¬ Bibpw Iq´pImcpw amß s]dp°m≥ t]mbn. Ah¿°p In´nb amßIƒ t\m°q. HmtcmcpØ¿°pw In´nbXv FÆn FgpXp.

Bi

B\µv

Bibv°v In´nbXv

Acp¨

B\µn\v In´nbXv

AcpWn\v In´nbXv

HmtcmcpØ¿°pw In´nbXv Iq´ßfm°pI. Bi

B\µv

Acp¨

]ØpIƒ

H∂pIƒ

B¿°mWv IqSpX¬ In´nbXv? AcpWnt\°mƒ F{X IqSpXemWv Bibv°p In´nbXv? 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv .......................

76

kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

Iq´ßfm°mtam? an\nbpw ^mØnabpw s]dp°nb s\√n°Iƒ t\m°q an\n

^mØna

HmtcmcpØ¿°pw In´nbXv F{Xsb∂v FÆnsbgpXq. Ah¿ Xßƒ°v In´nb s\√n°Isf ]eXcØn¬ Iq´ßfm°n. \nßƒ°v klmbn°mtam? 10

+ 5 + 5

+

+ an\n

+

+

+

+ + 8

+

7

+

+ ^mØna

+

+ +

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

77

]g°®hSw eØo^ns‚ ]g°Sbn¬ sIm≠ph∂ ]gs°m´Iƒ t\m°q. Hmtcm ]ghpw F{X hoXsa∂v Is≠Øn FgpXpI. B∏nƒ 10 10 10 10 10 6

amß 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5

t]c° 10 10

5

Hmd©v 10 10 2 10

kt∏m´ 10 10 10 9 10 10 10

1) GXp ]gamWv IqSpX¬?

F{X?

2) GXp ]gamWv Ipdhv?

F{X?

3) ]gßfpsS FÆw sNdpXn¬ \n∂pw hepXnte°v {IaoIcns®gpXpI.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv .......................

78

kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

]®XØIƒ F{X?

]Øv ]®XØ ]mdn∏mdn h∂p 4 IqSn h∂m¬ BsI FÆw F{X?

+

=

]Øv ]®XØ ]mdn∏mdn h∂p 4 ]mdnt∏mbm¬ BsI FÆw F{X?

−

=

]Øv ]®XØ ]mdn∏mdn h∂p 6 IqSn h∂m¬ BsI FÆw F{X?

+

=

]Øv ]®XØ ]mdn∏mdn h∂p 6 ]mdnt∏mbm¬ BsI FÆw F{X?

−

=

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

79

s]mÆ≥ s]cpºmºv s]cpºmºns‚ \of≥ hbdn¬ Hfn™ncn°p∂ kwJyIƒ Is≠Øn FgpXpI.

6 4 2

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

80

AΩphns‚ ]mhIƒ AΩphns‚ ]mhIsf I≠nt√? ]mhIfn¬ Hfn™ncn°p∂ kwJyIƒ Is≠Øn FgpXq.

+

=

10

15

+

= 7

+ 9

14

= 8

+

=

6

13

+

=

12 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

81

607

]mh-I-fpsS Iq´p-Imsc Is≠Øn tbmPn-∏n-°q.

+ 12

5

14

6

4

3

11

+ 8

+ 9

− 10

− 15

− 19

6

10

5

17

8

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

12 Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

82

hnjpss°\o´w KoXphn\v hnjpss°\o´ambn In´nbXv F{X cq]bmsW∂v Adnbmtam? AΩ \¬InbXv

+ AΩmh≥ \¬InbXv

+

BsI

cq]

BsI

cq]

+

AΩqΩ \¬InbXv

+

+

BsI

cq]

BsI

cq]

A—≥ \¬InbXv

+

KoXphn\v BsI F{X cq] e`n®p? 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

ao\phns‚ ame Ifn®psIm≠ncp∂ ao\phns‚ ame s]m´n. Ahƒ Ic®nembn. CXpI≠ Iq´pImsc√mhcpw apØpIƒ s]dp°phm≥ Ahsf klmbn®p.

83

HmtcmcpØ¿°pw In´nbXv A®p ˛ 36 \o\p ˛ 28 A∏p ˛ 54 KoXp ˛ 46 kzmXn ˛ 65 FÆw F{X?

B¿°mWv IqSpX¬ In´nbXv ? B¿°mWv Ipdhv In´nbXv ? In´nb apØpIsf hepXv apX¬ sNdpXv hsc F∂ coXnbn¬ {IaoIcn°mtam.

AhcpsS apØpIsf ]Øns‚bpw H∂ns‚bpw Iq´ßfm°pI. A®p ˛ 36 \o\p ˛ 28 A∏p ˛ 54 KoXp

˛ 46

kzmXn ˛ 65 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

84

BcmWv Rm≥ ? 1 apX¬ 33 hsc IpØp-Iƒ tbmPn-∏n-®p-t\m-°q. CjvS-ap≈ \ndw D]-tbm-Kn®v Nn{Xw at\m-l-c-am-°q....

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

85

IfnhoSv N¥ap≈ hoSv F¥p \√ hoSv ]¥pap≠v Imdpap≠v Fs‚ kz¥w ho´n¬ A®t\msSm∏w IfnhoSv ImWms\Ønb \o\p Aeamcbnse Ifn∏m´ßƒ I≠v Xp≈n®mSn. Ahƒ Hmtcm Ifn∏m´ßfpw FÆn t\m°m≥ XpSßn. H∂mw X´v

c≠mw X´v

]¥pIƒ

ImdpIƒ

]mhIƒ

GXp Ifn∏m´amWv IqSpXep≈Xv ? 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

86

Ie≠dns\ ASpØdnbmw

n

P\phcn 6 GXp ZnhkamWv ?

n

P\phcn 15 GXp ZnhkamWv ?

n

P\phcn 26 GXp ZnhkamWv ?

n

P\phcn 10 GXp ZnhkamWv ?

n

P\phcn 23 GXp ZnhkamWv ?

n

P\phcn 7 GXp ZnhkamWv ?

n

P\phcn 11 GXp ZnhkamWv ?

n

Hcp BgvNbn¬ BsI F{X Znhkßƒ D≠v ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

87

BgvN∏qhv BgvN∏qhnse hn´pt]mb Znhkßƒ FgpXmtam ? CeIfnse amkßƒ {IaØnem°n FgpXpI.

P\p-hcn

b¿ Rm

BgvN

am¿®v \hw-_¿

P\p-hcn

G{]n¬

Pq¨

Pqembv HIvtSm-_¿ BKkvXv

sk]vXw-_¿ s^{_p-hcn sabv

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

88

XhfbpsS Nm´w {]mWnIsf ]nSn°m\mbn Xhf IpXn®p NmSn. Xhf NmSnbXv Cßs\

61 60

63 62

64

h´Øn\p≈n¬ hn´pt]mb kwJyIƒ ]qcn∏n°q

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

89

NmSn-°-bdmw A\p-Ip-´≥ hnezm-{Zn-t£-{X-Øn-te-°p≈ ]Sn-Iƒ H∂n-S-hn-´mWv NmSn-°b-dn-b-Xv. Nhn´nb ]Sn-Iƒ GXv? Nhn-´m-Øh Gh? 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70

Nhn-´nb ]Sn-Iƒ

Nh-´mØ ]Sn-Iƒ

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

90

sNSnbpw Cebpw 11

16

15

14

]q°ƒ°v tbmPn® Ce-I-ƒ GXv ? hc®p tN¿°q. kwJy Fgp-Xq. 10

7

2

8

4

1

9

15

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

_________

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

91

Ce-Iv{Sn°v t]mÃv

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

81

79

77

75

Xmb¶mdv tdmUnse CeIv{SnIv t]mÃnse Nne \ºdpIƒ am™ncn°p∂p. {IaØn¬ FgpXmtam

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

92

ImS-t°mgn Zo]phns‚ ho´n¬ ImSt°mgnIsf hf¿Øp∂p≠v. HcmgvNbn¬ HmtcmZnhkhpw In´nb ImSap´IfpsS FÆw Zo]p ]´nIbmbn FgpXnbncn°p∂p.

Znhkw

ap´-I-fpsS FÆw

Rmb¿

78

Xn¶ƒ

64

sNm∆

86

_p[≥

55

hymgw

89

sh≈n

92

i\n

49

GXp Znh-k-amWv IqSp-X¬ ap´ In´n-bXv ?

F{X ?

GXp Znh-k-amWv Ipdhv ap´ In´n-bXv ?

F{X ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

93

a\p-hns‚ tXm´w a\p-hns‚ ]®-°-dn-tØm-´-Øn¬\n∂pw Hmtcm Znh-khpw hn‰ ]®-°-dn-I-fpsS hne Is≠-Ømtam?

Xn¶ƒ

sNm∆

_p[≥

hymgw

sh≈n

aØ≥

sh≈cn

10 cq]

5 cq]

X°mfn

hgp-X\

5 cq]

5 cq]

Ipºfw

aØ≥

20 cq]

10 cq]

sh≠

]S-hew

5 cq]

10 cq]

Ibv∏bv°

Imt_Pv

20 cq]

20 cq]

BsI

GXp Znh-ka - mWv IqSp-X¬ cq] In´n-bXv?

-F{X ?

GXp Znh-k-amWv Ipdhv cq] In´n-bXv?

-F{X ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

94

Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xmcv ? 24 23

25 26

28

27

29

22 10 14

21 16

6

2

4

11 13

12

3

5

31

8

2+2

=

7-5 =

3+2

=

9-6 =

5+3

=

4+9 =

7+4

=

6+4 =

10 + 6 =

7+5 =

9-3

8+6

=

30

=

Cu {InbIfn¬ DØcambn In´p∂ kwJyIƒ°v \ndw \¬In Hfn™ncn°p∂XmcmsW∂v I≠p]nSn®v t]scgpXmtam? 1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

95

enPp-hns‚ Nn{Xw enPp hc® Nn{Xw t\m°q....

cq]-ßƒ F{X hoXw ? Is≠Øn Fgp-Xq.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

96

]g-ßƒ BZn 20 cq]bpambn ]g°Sbn¬ sN∂p c≠p Xcw ]gßƒ hmßWw. ]gßfpsS hne t\m°n hmßm≥ BZnsb klmbn°mtam ? B∏nƒ

Hmd©v

10 cq]

5 cq]

amXfw

amºgw

10 cq]

10 cq]

]∏mb

t]cbv°

5 cq]

5 cq]

amt¶m-Ãn≥ 20 cq]

BsI =

=

=

kt∏m´ 2 cq]

=

GsX√mw ]g-ß-fmWv BZn hmßn-bXv ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

97

timim-Ω-bpsS ]ip-°ƒ timim-Ωbv°v c≠v ]ip-°ƒ D≠v. Idp-ºnbpw shfp-ºnbpw. Rmb¿ apX¬ i\n hsc In´nb ]mens‚ Afhv Is≠-Ømtam ? Idpºn

shfpºn

Rmb¿

8 Ip∏n

6 Ip∏n

Xn¶ƒ

9

7

sNm∆

7

5

_p[≥

10

4

hymgw

9

9

sh≈n

8

6

i\n

9

8

BsI

GXp Znh-k-amWv IqSp-X¬ ]m¬ In´n-bXv ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

98

kv°qfnse ]®-°-dn-tØm´w Nq≠¬ Kh¨sa‚ v bp.]n. kv°qfnse Hmtcm ¢mknsebpw Ip´nIƒ \´ NocssØIƒ ]Øns‚ Iq´ßfm°n. ¢mkv ˛ 1

10

10

2

¢mkv ˛ 2

10

1

¢mkv ˛ 3

10

10

10

10

¢mkv ˛ 4

10

10

10

4

¢mkv ˛ 5

10

10

10

9

¢mkv ˛ 6

10

10

7

¢mkv ˛ 7

10

10

10

10

5

8

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Noc-ssØ-Iƒ \´ ¢mv ? F{X ? -G-‰hpw Ipdhv Noc-ssØ-Iƒ \´ ¢mv ? F{X ? ssXI-fpsS FÆw sNdp-Xn¬ \n∂v hep-Xn-tebv°v {Iao-I-cn-°mtam.

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

99

amß Pyqkv dnØp-hns‚ AΩ amß Pyqkv D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°m-sa∂p ]d-™p. amßIƒ ]dn-°m≥ dnØp-hns\ klm-bn-°mtam?

F{X amß-Iƒ ]dn®p? FÆn Fgp-Xq.

AXn¬ 2 FÆw ]®-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]gpØ amß-bmWv Pyqkv D≠m-°m≥ FSp-Ø-Xv. F{X amß-Iƒ Pyqkp-≠m-°m≥ e`n-®p ?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿

‘Xp≈n-Iƒ’ Fs‚ t]cv ...................................................................................¢mv ....................... kvIqƒ ..............................................................................................................................

100

{InkvXpakv {So N°n-]q® Ip™ns\ At\z-jn®p \S-∂-t∏mƒ AXm, {InkvXpav {Sobv°papIfn¬ Ccn-°p∂p Ip™n-∏q-®. Fßs\ N°n-]q-®sb Ip™ns‚ Acn-Inse-Øn°mw? hrØ-Øn-eqsS am{Xw k©-cn-®m¬ apI-fn-se-Ømw. klm-bn°mtam?

1, 2 ¢mp-I-fn-te-°p≈ h¿°vjo-‰p-I-fpsS kam-lmcw

Ub‰v Xr»q¿