Challenge Program on Water and Food
Basin Development Challenges
Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report
Limpopo River Basin
29 November – 1 December 2009, Pretoria, South Africa By Tonya Schuetz with contributions from Boru Douthwaite, Sophie Nguyen Khoa, Larry Harrington, Amy Sullivan
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Content List of Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................................................................. 3 Background..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Workshop Objectives and Process ..................................................................................................... 6 Workshop Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 7 Workshop Language ........................................................................................................................... 7 Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Participation ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Workshop organization and venue .................................................................................................... 8 Introductions .................................................................................................................................................. 8 The Workshop Process .................................................................................................................................. 8 Inventory of Initiatives (Day 1) ........................................................................................................... 8 Problem trees and opportunities (Day 1) ......................................................................................... 10 Elaboration and prioritization of opportunities (Day 2): .................................................................. 12 CPWF BDC Proposed Research Program (Day 2) .............................................................................. 13 Next Steps ......................................................................................................................................... 13 End of Workshop Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 14
List of Tables Table 1: Steps the CPWF is taking to identify BDCs ................................................................................ 5 Table 2: Inventory of initiatives relevant to the CPWF Limpopo BDC .................................................... 9 Table 3: Group composition .................................................................................................................. 11 Table 4: Opportunities for research ..................................................................................................... 12
List of Figures Figure 1: Workshop Road Map ............................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2: Distribution of Participants per sector ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 3: Network map of planned and on‐going initiatives related to the Limpopo BDC .................. 10 Figure 4: Problem tree analysis example .............................................................................................. 11 Figure 5a: Botswana Group discussing and figure 5b (right) their problem tree. ................................ 12 Figure 6: South Africa opportunities summarized and scored. ............................................................ 13
Annexes Annex 1: The CPWF Volta Basin Development Challenge Summary .................................................... 15 Annex 2: List of Participants BDC Limpopo River Basin Workshop, ..................................................... 17 Annex 2a: Description of the participants selection process ............................................................... 19 Annex 3: Inventory of on‐going or planned initiatives relevant to the Limpopo BDC .......................... 20 Annex 3a: List of organizations involved in initiatives related to the Limpopo BDC ............................ 26 Annex 4a: Problem Tree Analysis Group Botswana .............................................................................. 28 Annex 4b: Problem Tree Analysis Group Mozambique ........................................................................ 29 Annex 4c: Problem Tree Analysis Group South Africa .......................................................................... 31 Annex 4d: Problem Tree Analysis Group Zimbabwe ............................................................................ 32 Annex 5: Scoring of Opportunities ........................................................................................................ 34 Annex 6: Research Opportunities in the Limpopo Basin, .................................................................... 38 Annex 7: End of Workshop Evaluation ‐ Simplified After Action Review ............................................. 40
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviation or Acronym
Full Name
AfDB
African Development Bank
ARA‐Sul
Administracao Regional de Aguas do Sul
ARC ARC‐ISCW
Agricultural Research Council (South Africa) Agricultural Research Council Institute for Soil, Climate and Water
BDC
Basin Development Challenge
BFP
Basin Focal Project
BOT
Botswana
CA CASS
Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Centre for Applied Social Sciences (Zimbabwe)
CGIAR
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CPWF
Challenge Program on Water and Food
CSIR
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa)
CWP
Center for Watershed Protection
DA
Department of Agriculture (South Africa)
DFID
UK Department for International Development
DGIS
Netherlands Directorate‐General for International Cooperation
DLG
Department of Local Government (South Africa)
DRD
Department of Rural Development (South Africa)
DWEA
Department of Water and Environmental Affairs (South Africa)
ECDA
Eastern Cape Department of Agriculture
EnviroGIS
Environmental Geographical Information System
EUFP7 FANRPAN
European_Commission_7th_Framework_Programme Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network
Free_State_Prov_Gov
Free State Provincial Government
FSDA
Free State Department of Agriculture
Gauteng_Prov_Gov
Gauteng Provincial Government
GEF
Global Environment Facility
GWP_Southern_Africa ICRISAT
Global Water Partnership Southern Africa International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics
IFWF2
2nd International Food and Water Forum
IIAM
Instituto de Investigacao Agraria de Mocambique
IUCN
International Union for Conservation of Nature
IWMI IWRM
International Water Management Institute Integrated Water Resource Management
IWSD
Institute of Water and Sanitation Development
KNUST
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
LDA
Limpopo Department of Agriculture
Limpopo_Mun_Gov
Limpopo Municipalities
LWF
Lutheran World Federation
MCC
Mzingwane Catchment Council
4 Abbreviation or Acronym MOZ
Full Name Mozambique
MRC
Medical Research Council (South Africa)
MT
Management Team
NAFU NGO
NAFU Non‐government Organization
NRM_Consulting
NRM Consulting
OneWorld PIPA
One World Sustainable Investments Participatory Impact Pathway Analysis
Private
Private organizations
PWC
Price Waterhouse Coopers
RIE RWH
Rural Integrated Engineering Rainwater Harvesting
SA
South Africa
SA_Dist_Gov
South African Districts
SA_Gov SEI
South African Government Stockholm Environmental Institution
SIDA
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SIWI
Stockholm International Water Institute
TUT
Tshwane University of Technology
TVT
The Valley Trust
UDS UEM‐FAEF
University for Development Studies (Ghana) Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal
UKZN
University of Kwazulu Natal
Umhlaba_Consulting
Umhlaba Consulting
UNESCO‐IHE
UNESCO IHE Institute for Water Education
Uni_Dundee
University of Dundee
Uni_Limpopo
University of Limpopo
Uni_Pretoria
University of Pretoria
Uni_Zimbabwe
University of Zimbabwe
Univen
University of Venda
UWC
University of Western Cape
WRC ZIM
Water Research Council (South Africa) Zimbabwe
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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Background The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) is a research‐for‐development program that works to increase the productivity of water for food and livelihoods, in a manner that is environmentally sustainable, socially acceptable, and alleviates poverty for all disadvantaged groups. The First Phase of the CPWF ran from 2003‐2008, while the Second Phase runs from 2009‐2013. In its Second Phase the CPWF works in six river basins (Mekong, Ganges, Limpopo, Volta, Nile, and the Andean Basins System), supporting one or two development challenges per basin. More information about the CPWF can be obtained at www.waterandfood.org The table below describes the steps the CPWF is taking to identify basin development challenges (BDCs) and design coherent basin research programs with high probability of making substantial contribution to tackling them. Table 1: Steps the CPWF is taking to identify BDCs Step 1
Description Identify Basin Development Challenge
Selection/ design criteria • • •
•
2
Identify opportunities for research to contribute
• •
• 3
Design a coherent BDC research program
•
•
Broad stakeholder agreement on importance Addresses food and water issues Opportunity for the CPWF to contribute through its core principles (partnership, interdisciplinary, capacity building, adaptive management) High impact potential after 10 years, with measurable progress after five years Build on Phase I research and new opportunities Link and add value to existing research‐for‐ development projects and networks Outcomes likely after five years Research linked to outcomes and impact through clearly defined and plausible pathways To be contracted as three to five projects including a coordination function
Sources of info / responsibility • • • •
•
• •
Comprehensive Assessment Basin coordinator consultation Basin expert consultations Consultation at the International Food and Water Forum (IFWF2) in Addis in Nov 2009 Basin Focal Projects
Phase I project results Basin expert consultations Stakeholder consultation workshops
CPWF MT responsibility, drawing on all other sources of insight and information
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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Description BDC research contracted and implementation begun
Selection/ design criteria •
•
Organizations invited by CPWF based on clear selection criteria to submit expressions of interest. Project proposals written as project teams with CPWF together to ensure coherence, and subject to external review
Sources of info / responsibility • • •
Project Development Workshop to write proposals External review of proposals CPWF contracting
Step 1 was complete at the time of the workshop. This workshop was the last activity in Step 2. While Steps 1 and 2 have been consultative, Step 3 relies on the CPWF Management Team to synthesize information and insight from the various sources to design BDC research programs in which a coherent research agenda is linked to expected impacts. Step 3 is now complete.
Workshop Objectives and Process The overall objective of this workshop was to consult key stakeholders knowledgeable about the proposed Limpopo BDC on how research can best contribute to tackling the BDC. In the Limpopo, the proposed BDC was “Rainwater management and small reservoirs”. A brief description of the proposed BDC, taken from the CPWF’s 2010–2013 Medium Term Plan was sent to orient the participants before the workshop (see Annex 1). Participants were invited to the workshop to provide advice on how research can best contribute to the BDC, thus helping the CPWF Management Team design a coherent research program (Step 3 in Table 1). The specific objectives are shown in Figure 1 together with the process that was followed to achieve them. The process used elements of Participatory Impact Pathway Analysis (PIPA)1 (Douthwaite et al., 2007) and incorporated lessons learned in conducting similar consultations in other basins.
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Douthwaite, B., Alvarez, B.S., Cook, S., Davies, R., George, P., Howell, J., Mackay, R. and Rubiano, J. (2008). Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis: A Practical Application of Program Theory in Research‐for‐ Development. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation. 22(2) pp. 127–159 Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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Figure 1: Workshop Road Map
Workshop Outputs The workshop produced the following outputs: 1. Inventory of on‐going and planned initiatives, projects and programs related to the CPWF Limpopo BDC; 2. Problem tree analysis and identified opportunities; 3. Elaborated and scored opportunities; and 4. Synthesis of opportunities for potential basin projects.
Workshop Language English was the working language for the participants during the workshop.
Disclaimer A disclaimer was given at the beginning of the workshop that “Participation in this workshop will not increase or decrease the chances of success in being awarded a Phase 2 project”. While the CPWF wishes to be fair to workshop participants – it also wishes to be fair to those who for one reason or another were unable to join in.
Participation The 26 participants (7 women and 19 men) in the workshop (see Annex 2: Participants and 2a for a description of the participants selection process) were staff from government agencies, including two from the basin organization; researchers; policy representatives; and farmer and extension representatives. Three participants came from Mozambique, two from Botswana, four from Zimbabwe, one from Malawi, and 16 from South Africa. In total 42 people were invited, 15 sent Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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their regrets, and 1 did not attend. The majority of participants had significant experience in agricultural and water management in basin countries outside their own. Government 19%
12%
RBO 8% Research
15% Policy 46%
Farmer & Extension
Figure 2: Distribution of Participants per sector Larry Harrington, Research Director, Sophie Nguyen Khoa, Associate Director, and Boru Douthwaite, Impact and Innovation Director, represented the CPWF Management Team. Tonya Schuetz, the CPWF Information Manager, facilitated the workshop.
Workshop organization and venue The workshop was jointly organized with Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN) at Keivits Kroon, Pretoria, South Africa.
Introductions After some welcoming words from the representatives of the organizing institutions ‐‐ Larry Harrington, Research Director, on behalf of the Challenge Program on Water and Food, Timothy Simalenga, Research and Technology Director, for the Agricultural Research Council, and Amy Sullivan, for the Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network – the participants got to know each other by their name, institution, and their expectation of the meeting. Larry Harrington gave an overview of the Challenge Program on Water and Food with its history and institutional framework. Boru Douthwaite explained the four steps the CPWF is using to identify and commission BDCs (see Table 1), and how the workshop would contribute to Steps 2 and 3 in particular. To set the scene, Amy Sullivan presented the CPWF basin perspective from the results and findings of the CPWF Limpopo Basin Focal Project from Phase 1. Lastly, Sophie Nguyen‐Khoa gave an overview of the other Phase 1 projects in the basin and with their relevance to the proposed BDC.
The Workshop Process Inventory of Initiatives (Day 1) The collection and presentation of on‐going and planned initiatives in the Limpopo Basin relevant to the CPWF proposed BDC started with four invited speakers. •
Moses Siambi, ICRISAT, on PN1 and seed systems
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•
Tracy Molefi, LIMCOM, Bot, on Policy and Planning by LIMCOM
•
Andrew Senawe, Water Research Commission, SA, on Water Research Commission activities
•
Paiva Mumguambe, Global Water Partnership‐IUCN, Moz, on PN66, PN17, PN1
In the presentation the presenters focused on addressing the following questions: 1. What is already happening in the Limpopo Basin relevant to the BDC, or about to happen? 2. Who is doing it? 3. What are the gaps? What are the opportunities for research to be tackled the BDC, which are not already being taken? They told their stories for five to seven minutes subsequently allowing some questions from the participants. After these invited presentations of initiatives, Prof. Simalenga gave a brief overview on ARC, one of the co‐host institutions of the workshop and presented ARC’s scope of work. The above‐mentioned first set of presentations was complemented by other participants volunteering to talk about initiatives they knew about and/or they are involved in. They had time over lunch to prepare their brief talks (for about five minutes). The following people made presentations: •
Otto Mbangula, National African Farmer’s Union, SA
•
Brilliant Tjeta, Limpopo ProvinceDepartment of Agriculture, SA
•
Maxwell Mudhara, University of Kwa‐Zulu Natal, SA
•
David Love, WaterNet, Zim
•
Barbara van Koppen, IWMI
•
Ruth Beukman, Global Water Partnership’s regional activities
•
Mutsa Masiyandima, SADC Groundwater initiative
•
Paiva Mumguambe, GWP‐Mozambique, PN17, PN66
In order to ensure that all the initiatives were captured, a handout with a table (see Table 2 below) was given out and participants were asked to fill the table and hand it back to the CPWF team when they finished filling it. Annex 3 shows all the submitted initiatives. There were 24 in total. Table 2: Inventory of initiatives relevant to the CPWF Limpopo BDC Title of project
Description what & where
Start date
End date
Funding agency
Lead organizatio n
Partner organizatio ns
Budget
Linkages to CPWF Phase 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
From the table of initiatives (i.e., from the data in columns 5, 6 and 7) we were able to plot a network map (Figure 3) that shows organizations linked together by the initiatives on which they are jointly working. The map provides a visualization of the institutional landscape into which the CPWF’s BDC research needs to fit and add. Any new projects that the CPWF chooses to support to
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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tackle the BDC should take into account, complement and potentially link on‐going and planned initiatives and the organizations leading them and who are centrally involved. Centrally‐involved organizations in the map are those nearest the centre with the most links. The network map shows 61 organizations working on 34 initiatives identified to be related to the Limpopo CPWF Basin Development Challenge by the participants.
Figure 3: Network map of planned and on‐going initiatives related to the Limpopo BDC
Problem trees and opportunities (Day 1) Participants were introduced to causal analysis through constructing problem trees. By asking several times (three to max. five times) why a problem is happening, each group arrives at the end at a problem that can be tackled by research, and thus an opportunity for the BDC to make a contribution. The main problems that each group started with were the first three boxes on the right hand side of Figure 4. The problems were pre‐determined by CPWF team. The participants were then asked to separate into four groups to carry out a causal analysis for each of the countries in the Limpopo basin (Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe). See Table 3 for the groups’ composition. See annex 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d for each groups detailed problem tree.
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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Figure 4: Problem tree analysis example Table 3: Group composition Group MOZAMBIQUE
Group BOTSWANA
David Love Sergio Sitoe Paiva Mumguambe Mutsa Masiyandima (Larry Harrington) Group ZIMBABWE Enoch Magaisa Isiaih Mharapara Moses Siambi Prof Moyo Aiden Senzanje Pius Chilondo Claudius Chikozo
Tracy Molefi Andrew Senawe Salani Nkhori Boru Douthwaite Kevin Scott (Boru Douthwaite) Group SOUTH AFRICA Gregory Paszczyk Maxwell Mudhara Otto Mbangula Timothy Simalenga Barbara Schreiner Barbara Van Koppen Brilliant Konanani Liphadzi
Participants were then asked to identify opportunities for the last level of identified problems in their causal analysis (see ovals in figure 5b). The last activity of the day was to ask participants for their suggestions for improvements or what they liked of the day.
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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Figure 5a: Botswana Group discussing and figure 5b (right) their problem tree.
Elaboration and prioritization of opportunities (Day 2): After a quick check‐in in the morning, Barbara Schreiner, former Deputy Director of Department of Water, Agriculture and Forestry, SA, now a consultant with Pegasus Consultancy and member on the CPWF Board, gave an overview of the approach in the region to water resources past present and future. Participants were then asked to describe the BDC opportunities identified in the causal analysis, as well as other opportunities, in a table (see Table 4). Table 4: Opportunities for research Opportunities description
Role of research in making it happen
Actors involved
Geographic location
Develop tools for better planning of SRs
Research to develop tools that help engineers to holistically address the technical problem of building a SR
MoFA UER, WVBB, WRC, WRI, IWMI, IRD, TUD, …
Zibilla, Upper East Region, Ghana
Apply tools from the SR toolkit
Test, adjust and improve the developed tools
…
Koubri
…
All the groups then presented the opportunities they had identified and discussed similarities or differences with other groups. Participants were then asked to vote for the opportunities they thought were most important in terms of 1) the need for further research and 2) impact potential. Each participant was given three green dots for ‘importance’ and three orange dots for ‘impact potential’ which they were free to distribute as they wished. The scoring of all opportunities is given in annex 5.
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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Figure 6: South Africa opportunities summarized and scored.
CPWF BDC Proposed Research Program (Day 2) During lunch the CPWF MT grouped the identified opportunities in six areas: 1. Targeting water development interventions through identification of appropriate opportunities in the basin 2. Small‐scale infrastructure development and management, including rainwater harvesting and small reservoirs 3. Improved farming systems in rainfed and irrigated areas 4. Water allocation for multiple uses 5. Risk management (this will be subsumed into the other projects but it left separate for this analysis) 6. Coordination project covering learning for innovation and adaptive management Sophie Nguyen‐Khoa presented the groupings to participants as potentially providing the focus of six BDC projects. Participants commented on the groupings and changes were made. For example, risk management (area 5) will be included in the other areas and not be separate. The potential research areas are given in more detail in Annex 6.
Next Steps Finally, Boru Douthwaite reminded the participants of the context of this stakeholder consultation workshop and that it was preceded by a number of steps of identifying the research and geographic focus for the CPWF Second Phase, specifically: Phase 1 basin research priorities, a ‘concordance’ exercise, results from IWMI’s Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture (CA), recommendations of the CPWF External Review, the Basin Focal Projects and Phase 1 Projects, Basin Coordinators’ consultations, Basin experts’ consultations, and the IFWF 2 Basin Sessions.
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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The next steps were outlined to the participants: •
The workshop report will be shared by the end of this year with the participants and people invited who could not attend the workshop themselves, encouraging them to give feedback or share comments. Key workshop results will be available on the CPWF website for everybody to access.
•
The CPWF Management Team will use the information and insights from this workshop, together with our sources, to design a research program to tackle the BDC.
•
The Volta BDC research program will be contracted in 2010 as three to five projects until the end 2013 which is the end of CPWF Phase II.
•
Three contracting mechanisms will be considered, depending on what is most appropriate for each project. The mechanisms are open competition, restricted competition and direct commissioning.
The expectation is that the Volta BDC research program will receive an average annual budget of approximately USD1.3m a year.
End of Workshop Evaluation Before the official closure, the participants were asked to do an end of workshop evaluation by saying what they liked and thought worked well and how elements of the workshop could be improved. A lot of positive feedback was given on the approach and the organization of the workshop like participants liked the process and felt that this was really consultative (2), flexibility (2) and very well run with active participation by all (3). Suggestions for improvements were also given. See Annex 7: End‐of‐workshop Evaluation for more detail.
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
Annex 1: The CPWF Volta Basin Development Challenge Summary2 LIMPOPO: ‘RAINWATER MANAGEMENT AND SMALL RESERVOIRS’3 The aim is to improve the resilience and livelihoods of the people and ecosystems in the Limpopo Basin. Limpopo CPWF Phase 1 Lessons learned Rainwater feeds a large proportion of the basin’s agriculture. There is very little surface water available for irrigation. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) technology adoption rates are also low. CPWF Phase 1 Limpopo work identified several policy and development demands that require research inputs: •
An appreciation of the multiple uses to which the poor put water, and how ‘sectoral’ approaches to water allocation can undermine these claims.
•
The need for agreement on what data to collect for the purposes of managing the basin, and the standards and methodologies to do it.
•
Understanding the contribution of livestock and fisheries to water productivity within the basin.
•
Water allocation priorities that often favor large‐scale interests (such as mines and commercial farms) over small‐scale interests (namely poor and marginalized peoples), and how benefits arising from this focus are distributed.
Situation Analysis The Limpopo River Basin covers 413,000 km2 and receives an average of just 530 mm of rain annually. There is considerable development within the basin, particularly in Botswana, South Africa, and the coastal areas of Mozambique. Sixty percent of the basin’s poor, however, live in the former homelands of South Africa. Much of the basin is dryland, and some 40% of the Limpopo basin’s agriculture is rainfed. Presently, irrigation is carried out by large‐scale commercial interests, with limited access by the poor. Water allocation commonly tends to favour these interests based on economic returns per unit of water, rather than looking at broader social and economic benefits for the society as whole. This is a strategy vulnerable to immense political sensitivity. In Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa, the emphasis on land as a key means to improve the livelihoods of the rural poor is considerable. Allocating land to the poor is meaningless though if they do not have the water, knowledge and institutional support with which to cultivate crops and to sustain their fisheries and livestock. One of the main problems facing the poor in the Limpopo is low rainfed agricultural output. In part, this is because no broad‐based rainwater management (RWM) systems are in place within the basin, along with associated institutions, policies and technologies. While there are isolated examples of clustered rainwater harvesting technologies, these are not integrated into a basin‐wide strategy for rainwater management and harvesting. There exists no assessments of which rainwater harvesting technologies might work best where, or what combinations of these might serve to better improve water productivity and livelihoods. In addition, there exists no assessment of ‘best fit’ land use, given variable rainfall potential across the basin. 2 3
sent to participants prior to the meeting Note that the BDCs for Limpopo, Nile and Volta basins have much in common.
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Impacts Sought If this Development Challenge is successfully met, the livelihoods of small‐scale farmers will be significantly improved because of the development and adoption of rainwater harvesting management systems. Associated supporting institutions and policies will be developed to enable and maintain the systems. Experiments with small reservoirs, as a key RWH technology, will be successful, and reservoirs will be excavated at suitable sites across the basin. Local communities will also be able to take advantage of new technologies – such as drip irrigation – to irrigate their crops during the dry season. In their design and construction, particular attention will be paid to the multiple uses to which such facilities will likely be put.
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Annex 2: List of Participants BDC Limpopo River Basin Workshop, Pretoria, South Africa, 30.Nov – 1.Dec 2009 Name
Institution
Contacts
Stakeholder category
Aidan Senzanje
University of Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa
[email protected];
[email protected]
research
Enock Magaisa
Ministry of Water Resources Development and Management, Zimbabwe
[email protected]
government
Isaiah Mahapara
Agricultural Research Council, Zimbabwe
[email protected]
research & extension
Konanani Liphadzi
Limpopo Department of Agriculture, SA
[email protected]
government
Brilliant Tjeta
Limpopo Department of Agriculture, SA
Maxwell Mudhara
University of Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa
[email protected]
research
Moses Siambi
ICRISAT
[email protected]
research
Ngonidzashe Moyo
Limpopo University, SA
[email protected]
research
Salani Nkhori
Department of Agriculture, Botswana
[email protected]
research & extension
Sergio Sitoe
LIMCOM, Moz
[email protected]
policy
Tracy Molefi
LIMCOM, Bots
[email protected]
policy
Paiva Mumguambe
Global Water Partnership‐IUCN, Moz
[email protected]
research
Otto Mbangula
National African Farmer's Union, SA
None
farmer
David Love
WaterNet, Zim
[email protected]
research
Stefano Falolfi
CIRAD, Moz
[email protected]
research
Amy Sullivan
FANRPAN
[email protected]
research
Andrew Senawe
Water Research Commission, SA
[email protected]
government
Barbara Schreiner
Consultant
[email protected]
policy
Barbara van Koppen
IWMI
[email protected]
research
government
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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Institution
Contacts
Stakeholder category
Claudious Chikozho
CSIR,SA
[email protected]
research
Gregory Paszczyk
Department of Water Affairs, South Africa, National Water Resource Planning
[email protected]
government
Kevin Scott
ARC, SA
[email protected]
research & extension
Mutsa Masiyandima
IWMI
[email protected]
research
Pius Chilonda
IWMI
[email protected]
research
Ruth Beukman
GWP ‐ SA
[email protected]
policy
Timothy Simalenga
ARC, SA
[email protected]
research & extension
CPWF Team Boru Douthwaite
CPWF
[email protected]
Larry Harrington
CPWF
[email protected]
Sophie Nguyen Khoa
CPWF
sophie (CPWF) Nguyen Khoa
Tonya Schuetz
CPWF
[email protected]
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
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Annex 2a: Description of the participants selection process The CPWF provided the organizers of the workshop with the following specifications: • A workshop of between 25 to 30 people, not including CPWF staff and the facilitator [Reason: balance between expense and receiving advice from a wide range of actors]; • Representation from the four countries in the Basin • Participants should come from the main stakeholder groupings identified in Phase 1, namely, researchers (from inside and outside the basin), extension, NGOs, basin organizations, government agencies, farmer groups. [Reason: success of the BDC research program will depend on the participant of next users, end users and politically important actors as well as researchers, therefore they should be consulted at the design stage] • Participants should be knowledgeable about the BDC [Reason: to allow them to participate meaningfully] • Organizations that played a central role in Phase I in the area of the BDC should be represented [Reason: Phase II intends to build on Phase I research and partnerships, although not exclusively] • There should be gender balance [Reason: Ensure diversity and representativeness of workshop output] Workshop organizers compiled an initial list of potential participants drawn primarily from Phase I of the CPWF, FANRPAN’s regional stakeholder directory, regional bodies, and each of the four representative national governments. Potential participants on the original list were categorized according to the characteristics (countries, stakeholder groups, areas of expertise relevant to the BDC) indicated by the CPWF MT. The original list was circulated to the CPWF MT, one board member, and GWP‐SA for review, comment, and further recommendations and refinement. Recommendations were taken on board and invitations were issued to the original list of 42 participants.
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Annex 3: Inventory of on‐going or planned initiatives relevant to the Limpopo BDC Title of Project
Description, summary what and where
Start Date
End Date
Funding Agency
Budget
2004
On going
2004
On going
Evaluation of performance of schemes
On going
ARC
Develop and measure water use efficiency
2008
On going
ARC
Integrated agricultural development planning, site‐specific planning, agribusiness development (along Nandoni and Flag Boshielo dams) Impacts to agricultural sector; mitigation and adaptation To identify community initiatives in SLM; understand the mechanisms through which these initiatives arose and how they can be transferred to other communities, i.e., how to institutionalize the practices Where: four water management areas in the Limpopo basin (Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile and Mavico, Olifants) Demand projections for all user groups up to 2030; assessing available water resources; reconciling water requirements and available water resources; identifying required management actions and interventions Focus on local resources (especially for smaller communities and small scale irrigation): optimizing operation rules for supply systems, efficient use of water (water conservation, water demand management), groundwater, rainwater harvesting water use, cultural diversity and livelihoods in the Limpopo Basin, Kruger National Park area
Oct. 2008
On going
LDA
University of Pretoria, private company EnviroGIS; NRM; Price Waterhouse‐Cooper; political municipality
Agricultural hubs development
Province of Gauteng LDA
3M ZAR
Mar. 2008 Sept. 2009
On going
SIDA/ LDA
LDA
UKZN
Variable
Sept. 2012
GEF
UKZN
Univen, UDS (Ghana)
3M ZAR
Jul. 2008
Jul. 2011
DWEA South Africa
DWEA
District and local municipalities
8M ZAR
2007
2010
EU FP7
CSIR
University of Dundee, SIWI
5M EUR
Livelihoods focus
Livesdiverse
LDA and Free State
Linkages to CPWF Phase 1 PN1
promotion of in‐field rainwater harvesting system Promotion of eco‐technologies and CA system
Development of reconciliation strategies for all small towns and group of villages in the northern region
ARC
Partner Organizations
Rainwater harvesting (in‐field) Conservation agriculture Evaluation of irrigation schemes Water use efficiency
Climate change and agriculture Stimulating community initiatives in sustainable land management
WRC
Lead Organization
ARC
PN1
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
21 Title of Project
Description, summary what and where
Water rights and livelihoods in the Limpopo Rainwater harvesting and conservation Best management practices for smallholder irrigation or selected irrigation schemes Development of training materials on irrigation management for extension Development of training materials on homestead food gardens Development of training materials on water harvesting Regional Climate Change Program
Water use, land reform, and value chains in the Limpopo basin
2010
2014
WRC, South Africa
CSIR
Focusing on rangeland and crops in Limpopo, Eastern cape and Free State Focusing on biophysical, socioeconomic technology
1 Apr. 2007 1 Apr. 2007
31 Mar. 2013 31 Mar. 2012
WRC
ARC
WRC
TVT
Training for extension
Apr. 2006
March 2010
WRC
UP
±3M ZAR
For trainers and homestead food gardeners
Apr. 2004
Mar. 2009
WRC
Rural Integrated Engineering
±3.6M ZAR
Community development workers, extension
Apr. 2007
Mar. 2011
WRC
Umhlaba Consulting Group
±3M ZAE
Considers climate change threat and adaptation required in water, agriculture and energy sectors water study component looked at Limpopo basin (and 2 others in SADC region) Development challenges and risks and also under climate change scenarios Report available end 2009 or begin 2010 National policy
2008
2012
DFID
One World Sustainable Investments (CapeTown), Belynda Petrie
Pegasus Consultants Dr. Guy Pegram and Constantin von der Heyden
>Mil
None
Government
ARC, WRC
One home One garden initiative of the government Water allocation reform for redressing inequities from the past
Gender and land tenure
Start Date
End Date
Funding Agency
Lead Organization
Customary land rights and farm productivity
2008
2010
WRC
WRC
Partner Organizations University of Limpopo
Budget
3M ZAR
±5M ZAR ±3M ZAR
Linkages to CPWF Phase 1 Focus on water use
MUS project CP28 DWEA, Department of Agriculture, Department of Rural Development, Department of Local Government various including IWMI
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
CP66 Water rights in informal economies
None
22 Title of Project
Description, summary what and where
Start Date
End Date
Commercialization of 21,000 black farmers by 2017
Commercialization of 21,000 black farmers by 2017
2010
2017
Xhariep district agribusiness development program Integrated rainwater harvesting project (IRWHP)
Development of agribusiness around 16 townships in Xhariep district, Free State
2010
2014
Mpumalanga, South Africa – develop RWH structures, capacity building, new center of excellence
1 Sept. 2009
Mzingwane catchment partnership
Mzingwane catchment, Zimbabwe
DEWFORA
Limpopo, Nile, Volta Basins – Improve drought monitoring and forecasting
The Challenge of Integrated Water Resource Management for Improved Rural Livelihoods: managing risk, mitigating drought and improving water productivity in the water scarce Limpopo basin (CPWF PN17)
This project was implemented in the Limpopo river basin and comprised three of its four member states, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Baseline studies on hydrology, climate and soils were conducted including socio‐economic surveys. In Mozambique the study areas was Chokwe and issues like rainwater harvesting techniques, salinity and irrigation water management were researched and documented
Funding Agency
Lead Organization
Partner Organizations
Budget
Linkages to CPWF Phase 1
private sector membership , government, donor agencies Government grant
NAFU
NAFU Xhariep District
260M ZAR
31 Aug. 2011
AFDB
Jacqui Goldin Ecolink
University of Western Cape
5.1M ZAT
10 Nov. 2009
21 Aug. 2010
WaterNet, DGIS, Netherlands government
mid 2013
TBA
Mzingwane Catchment Council Institute of Water Sanitation Development GWP Zimbabwe CWP IUCN WaterNet, CSIR KNUST, Ghana, etc
[email protected] rg
30,000 EUR
mid 2010 (if funding secured ) Middle of 2005
University of Zimbabwe (Veperyu Dzingirai
[email protected]. zr Deltores/ UNESCO‐IHE
Links supplied to access phase 1 studies Follow up from Phase 1 PN17
31 Aug. 2009
CGIAR
WaterNet
UEM‐FAEF, IWMI, UZ, IIAM, ARA‐Sul, ICRISAT, CASS, etc
1M ZAR
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
TBA
Uses Phase 1 Climate Analyses + add on
2.79 M USD
100% linked
23 Title of Project
Description, summary what and where
Inland wetland management (CPWF PN 30)
This project was based in Chibuto district (Limpopo River Basin) in Mozambique. The major activities comprised the monitoring of irrigation water, description of socio‐economic activities and also guidelines for inland wetland management to sustain livelihoods This project was implanted in the Chokwe Irrigation Scheme in Mozambique. The study comprised the understanding of water users and the informal local arrangements that governs the water management in the area, especially in the D11 (AREDONZE – water user association) Participatory approach of building dam for drinking and irrigation water in one selected community in the Chokwe district
End 2005
Mid 2008
CGIAR
IWMI
UEM‐FE
?
Linkages to CPWF Phase 1 100% linked
Mid 2007
Dec. 2009
CGIAR
IWMI
ARE‐SUL, UEM‐FAEF
?
100% linked
?
?
LWF?
?
?
?
This project seeks to assess water harvesting and conservation techniques/practices for improved rangeland and cropland productivity in communal areas through on‐station (controlled) and on‐farm (participative) research. It will investigate the institutional arrangements in these communities and assess the extent to which production was suppressed as a result of inappropriate working rules and how these can be approved. A guideline on best management practices for RWH&C for rangeland and crop lands in communal areas will be produced. This project is being conducted in the Limpopo basin and in the Eastern Cape.
01/04/ 07
31/03/1 3
WRC
LWF Please contact Mr. Jorge Tembe for further information +25828120261 or +258823290310 ARC‐ISCW
Provincial Depts of Agriculture – Eastern Cape, Limpopo and Free State
Total minimu m: R3 200 000
Water rights in informal economies in the Limpopo and Volta basins (CPWF PN 66)
Rainwater harvesting (small dams) in the Chokwe District
Rainwater harvesting and conservation (RWH&C) for rangeland and cropland productivity in communal areas in selected provinces in the semi‐arid area of South Africa
Start Date
End Date
Funding Agency
Lead Organization
Partner Organizations
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
Budget
24 Title of Project
Description, summary what and where
Development of a comprehensive learning package for education on the application of water harvesting and conservation (WH&C)
Water harvesting and conservation practices have been tested and demonstrated to be sustainable and contribute to food security. Many of these techniques and practices have been documented in the form of research reports and information material for public interest, but not packaged as training material for the end user. In addition, advisors and farmer support personnel such as extension services are often ill‐informed and inadequately trained in agricultural water management including water harvesting and conservation. There is a need for accredited yet appropriate training material for certified trainers and learners (farmers). This project will develop a comprehensive learning package for the application of WH&C for household food production and poverty alleviation in rural areas. The learning package will be tested in the field with trainers, facilitators and learners. This project has a national application including the Limpopo basin. Given the seasonal variability of rainfall, appropriate technology similar to that tested by the Tshwane University of Technology (Khosa, 2003) has to be evaluated to supplement water supply and stabilise food production in homestead gardens. The purpose of this project is to investigate the linkages between dietary requirements, nutritional value, water requirements and technology for production of a combination of food crops. Both laboratory, on‐stations and participative action research will be undertaken to develop best practices in order to improve food security and well‐being of households. Work is being done in the Limpopo basin.
Nutritional value and water use of indigenous crops for improved rural livelihoods
Start Date
End Date
Funding Agency
Lead Organization
01/04/
31/03/1 2
WRC
Umhlaba Consulting Group
01/04/ 05‐
31/03/0 9
WRC
University of Pretoria
Partner Organizations
Budget
Total minimu m: R1 950 000
Agricultural Research Council, Tshwane University of Technology, Medical Research council
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
Total minimu m: 2 250 000
Linkages to CPWF Phase 1
25 Title of Project
Adapting the wetting front detector to the needs of small‐scale furrow irrigation and providing a basis for the interpretation of salt and nutrient measurements in the water sample Water use and drought tolerant food crops Improving plot‐holder livelihood and scheme productivity on smallholder canal irrigation schemes in Limpopo province Scoping study to become aware of the current initiatives and identify gaps.
Developing iterative database Upscaling of agricultural technologies IWRM plans for countries with GWP
Description, summary what and where
Start Date
End Date
Funding Agency
Lead Organization
Partner Organizations
WRC
University of Pretoria
University of Venda and Dzindi Irrigation Cheme
WRC
University of KwaZulu Natal Tshwane University of Technology
LIMCOM
Botswana_gov
LIMCOM
(all sectors)
WRC
Budget
Linkages to CPWF Phase 1
Link with CPWF on scoping initiatives on agriculture (opportunity )
LIMCOM
private sector
LIMCOM
GWP
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
26
Annex 3a: List of organizations involved in initiatives related to the Limpopo BDC Acronym/Abbreviation AfDB ARA‐Sul ARC ARC‐ISCW Botswana_Gov CASS CPWF CSIR CWP DA DFID DGIS DIS DLG DRD DWEA ECDA Ecolink EnviroGIS EUFP7 Free_State_Prov_Gov FSDA Gauteng_Prov_Gov GEF GWP_Southern_Africa ICRISAT IIAM IUCN IWMI IWSD
Location West_Africa Mozambique South_Africa South_Africa Botswana Zimbabwe Asia_and_Pacific South_Africa North_America South_Africa Europe Europe South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa Europe South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa North_America Southern_Africa Zimbabwe Mozambique Europe Asia_and_Pacific Zimbabwe
Type_of_Org Fund_Source RBO NARES NARES GO RO CGIAR RO ARI GO Fund_Source Fund_Source GO GO GO GO GO NGO RO Fund_Source GO GO GO ARI Network CGIAR NARES Network CGIAR NGO
Name African_Development_Bank Administracao_Regional_de_Aguas_do_Sul Agricultural_Research_Council Agricultural_Research_Council_Institute_for_Soil_Climate_and_Water Botswana_Government Centre_for_Applied_Social_Sciences Challenge_Program_on_Water_and_Food Council_for_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research Center_for_Watershed_Protection Department_of_Agriculture Department_for_International_Development Netherlands_Directorate‐General_for_International_Cooperation Dzindi_Irrigation_Scheme Department_of_Local_Government Department_of_Rural_Development Department_of_Water_and_Environmental_Affairs Eastern_Cape_Department_of_Agriculture Ecolink EnviroGIS European_Commission_7th_Framework_Programme Free_State_Provincial_Government Free_State_Department_of_Agriculture Gauteng_Provincial_Government Global_Environment_Facility Global_Water_Partnership_Southern_Africa International_Crops_Research_Institute_for_the_Semi‐Arid_Tropics Instituto_de_Investigacao_Agraria_de_Mocambique International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature International_Water_Management_Institute Institute_of_Water_and_Sanitation_Development
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
27 Acronym/Abbreviation KNUST LDA LIMCOM Limpopo_Mun_Gov LWF MCC MRC NAFU NRM_Consulting OneWorld Pegasus_Consulting Private PWC RIE SA_Dist_Gov SA_Gov SIDA SIWI TUT TVT UDS UEM‐FAEF UKZN Umhlaba_Consulting UNESCO‐IHE Uni_Dundee Uni_Limpopo Uni_Pretoria Uni_Zimbabwe Univen UWC WaterNet WRC
Location West_Africa South_Africa Southern_Africa South_Africa Mozambique Zimbabwe South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa Global South_Africa South_Africa South_Africa Europe Europe South_Africa South_Africa West_Africa Mozambique South_Africa South_Africa Europe Europe South_Africa South_Africa Zimbabwe South_Africa South_Africa Zimbabwe South_Africa
Type_of_Org RO GO RBO GO NGO NGO RO Farmer_Organization RO RO Private Private NGO Private GO GO Fund_Source ARI RO NGO RO RO RO Private ARI ARI RO RO RO RO RO Network Fund_Source
Name Kwame_Nkrumah_University_of_Science_and_Technology Limpopo_Department_of_Agriculture Limpopo_Watercourse_Commission Limpopo_Municipalities Lutheran_World_Federation Mzingwane_Catchment_Council Medical_Research_Council NAFU NRM_Consulting One_World_Sustainable_Investments Pegasus_Consulting Private_organizations Price_Waterhouse_Coopers Rural_Integrated_Engineering South_African_Districts South_African_Government Swedish_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency Stockholm_International_Water_Institute Tshwane_University_of_Technology The_Valley_Trust University_for_Development_Studies Universidade_Eduardo_Mondlane_Faculdade_de_Agronomia_e_Engenharia_Florestal University_of_Kwazulu_Natal Umhlaba_Consulting UNESCO_IHE_Institute_for_Water_Education University_of_Dundee University_of_Limpopo University_of_Pretoria University_of_Zimbabwe University_of_Venda University_of_Western_Cape WaterNet Water_Research_Council
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
28
Annex 4a: Problem Tree Analysis Group Botswana
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
29
Annex 4b: Problem Tree Analysis Group Mozambique
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
30
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
31
Annex 4c: Problem Tree Analysis Group South Africa
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
32
Annex 4d: Problem Tree Analysis Group Zimbabwe
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
33
(cont.) Problem Tree Analysis Group Zimbabwe
Note: Identifed “problems” were grouped as (1) Climate Change adaptation, (2) Multiple use of water, (3) Market Dynamics, (4) Research Knowledge Management, and (5) Monitoring and evaluation. The green figures represent the “opportunities”.
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
34
Annex 5: Scoring of opportunities
1‐4
5‐8
9‐11 dots
Group Importance green 7
Impact Potential orange 3
0
0
0
0
BOT
0
0
BOT
2
0
BOT
2
2
SA
9
10
SA
3
3
SA
8
6
0
0
BOT
BOT
BOT BOT
BOT BOT
SA SA
SA
SA
SA
Opportunities description
Role of the Research in making it happen
Adaptation and mitigation strategies
Identify , verify develop inventory of adaptation and mitigation strategies that have potential now and in future under climate change Guidelines on how to incorporate adaptation and mitigation strategies into policies Improving IWRM Needs oriented and user friendly knowledge and skill for packaging of information on IWRM extension workers ( gov Develop training modules and tools and non‐gov) and specialists. Better use of grey Establish what are the best practices and water and harvested where they apply water for multiple use Providing information through training and demonstrations Facilitate discussion on Provide accurate and up‐to‐ date integrated \synthesized information on the status of the water development planning resources in the area Define groundwater Provide the science that enables estimation recharge and quantify of the groundwater recharge and quantity the resources Facilitate discussion on Define the issues that are have Transboundary water Transboundary implications resources governance issues Optimisation/revitalisat Understanding reasons for dysfunctional ion of existing infrastructure – create an inventory, dysfunctional followed by detailed case studies; infrastructure Examine options such as joint venture approaches vs small holder approaches; Examine the issues of poor co‐ordination in this and how to address it More equitable Quantification of water use and allocation benefits/value; Water Allocation Develop legal tools to prioritise small scale Reform use in Limpopo basin Research into alignment of land (reform, restitution and tenure), agriculture and water reform in an integrated rural development programme; Improved co‐ordination Understand roles and responsibilities of and institutional institutions and reasons for failure of co‐ arrangements for ordination; development of improved service delivery institutional and co‐ordination model; Pilot model
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
35 Group Importance green SA
6
Impact Potential orange 11
SA SA
0
0
Create promising best practices across scales for policy in future
2
2
Develop good water management techniques and information packaging and accessibility
SA
0
1
Groundwater use
SA
0
1
Rainwater harvesting
SA
0
0
Basin wide information
ZIM ZIM
0
0
Water Scarcity Water quality research
ZIM
0
2
ZIM
0
0
ZIM ZIM
4
6
ZIM
7
1
ZIM ZIM
0
1
ZIM
0
0
ZIM
0
1
ZIM
0
0
Groundwater research – recharge and abstraction Understanding collapse Assess why systems collapse (ownership, of infrastructure for common property tragedy) rehabilitation and modernization Unreliability Small reservoirs and Develop/package appropriate and usable insitu water harvesting systems Climate change Develop relevant and usable strategies adaptation strategies Sub‐optimal use and management of water resources Multiple use of water Develop/package options systems Research into Develop/refine/package and demonstrate improving water use technologies efficiency Understanding market Identify needs and potential dynamics Mainstreaming Collate and analyse indigenous knowledge
SA SA SA
Opportunities description Small scale infrastructure development for multiple uses
Role of the Research in making it happen
Investigate range of options for crop, livestock and domestic use; develop summary of most suitable technologies and guidelines for appropriate technologies for small scale infrastructure development; including consideration of current technology being us Test and develop in pilot projects; Researching and recording existing good practice in the catchment; Manual for smart water use/water use efficiency and capturing of good practice Participatory research on good land use and water use practices; Capture outcomes in user friendly materials for small scale farming around effective use of water – through workshops and action research; training of extension officers; Summary of groundwater availability in the basin and appropriate technology and distribution mechanisms Assessment of rainwater harvesting potential and models for implementation; pilot projects Research to support Limcom in standardisation of data, modelling etc
Develop systems for blending (domestic and irrigation) To understand recharge and abstraction dynamics
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
36 Group Importance green
Impact Potential orange
ZIM
0
0
ZIM
1
1
ZIM ZIM
0 0
0 0
ZIM ZIM
2
1
ZIM
0
0
ZIM ZIM
0
0
MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ
5
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
3
5
MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ
Opportunities description
Role of the Research in making it happen
systems Research into Compile and analyse and target knowledge management (dissemination tools for analysis) Development of Develop options and models appropriate farm enterprises(crops, livestock, game) Rural poor unable to take advantage of technology Knowledge development Understanding socio‐ economic status of farmers Policy Evidence based policy Provide evidence for policy development development (identify and investment opportunities policies and investment opportunities) Monitoring and Assess implementation and impact evaluation to track implementation Poverty Research into Assist in targeting and intervention community vulnerability “Upper & Lower Limpopo”: rainfed systems (including livestock) Poor crop water Rainwater management management Improved RWH techniques Improved agron techniques What works where The value chain Unions & cooperatives Processing models Marketing Cropping systems Reasons for crop choice Varieties appropriate to drought, climatic changes Planting dates, densities Droughts & dryspells Climatic analyses Forecasting Forest products Value chain Sustainability Technology Environmental services Small reservoirs Mapping potential areas Design Management systems Hydrology Environmental aspects Economic aspects
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
37 Group Importance green MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ MOZ
0
Impact Potential orange 0
Opportunities description
0
0
Groundwater: access & management
2
2
Policy
0
0
Livestock
0
0
Water allocation
0
8
“Lower Limpopo”: Poor crop water management
0
1
The value chain
0
0
Cropping systems
0
0
Floods
0 3
0 2
Salinity Policy
2
1
Irrigation scheme
Water quality
Role of the Research in making it happen
Metal & As pollution Salinity Water‐borne diseases Alluvial groundwater GW‐surface water Salinity Policy implementation & enforcement Multi‐level coordination Groundwater management Crop‐livestock systems Livestock water supply Value chain Allocation models Allocation policies Irrigation management Improved irrig. techniques Improved agron techniques What works where Unions & cooperatives Processing models Marketing Reasons for crop choice Varieties appropriate to salinity & Planting dates, densities Hydrological analyses Forecasting Water management techniques to mitigate National irrig. strategy Policy implementation & enforcement
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
38
Annex 6: Research Opportunities in the Limpopo Basin,
Group Discussion Synthesis 1. Targeting Water Development Interventions (13, 13) Identification of appropriate opportunities in the Basin • What works where and why? • Mapping agro‐ecological zones of the Limpopo basin: hydrological patterns, water availability, water use, variability • Identify and select appropriate interventions considering gender differentiation • Inter‐sectoral: crop and/or livestock production, domestic use, alternative livelihood options and strategies • Groundwater 2. Small‐scale Infrastructure Development and Management (13, 24) • • • • • • •
Considering targeting results (1.) i.e. where it is most needed and adequate Understanding reasons for failure of existing schemes Designing new small infrastructure for multiple uses Considering socio‐economic and environmental factors: characteristics and impacts Management systems Maintain environmental services Revitalizing existing infrastructures: improving rehabilitation
Rainwater harvesting • Small RWH structures for multiple uses and users Small Reservoirs • Small reservoirs (design, environmental impact, management) for multiple users options: testing and piloting 3. Improved farming systems in rainfed and irrigated areas (10, 13) • • • •
Farming system design (Moz): RWM, improved techniques, varieties, food‐crop water management; Crop‐livestock systems Cropping systems: crop selection (varieties appropriate to drought, climatic change, availability of seeds and market), planting dates, densities; improved crop water management (Moz); improved agronomic techniques; salinity issues Livestock production including water supply and quality; stocking rates (don’t overgraze) Value chain: responding to market demand and ss ability to compete with commercial farmers
4. Water allocation for multiple uses (15, 14) • • • • •
Improve water allocation to the different users (including multiple uses systems): assess and value water requirements of each user, evaluate and negotiate trade‐offs, equity issues IWRM planning between sectors and within sectors Vertical and horizontal integration/linkages (multi‐level and cross‐sectoral coordination) Policy and institutions: water policy reform, water rights Link to agrarian reform: land and water reform
5. Risk management (17, 6) Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
39
Adaptation to climate change • How to reduce vulnerability of communities in particular the poor and women? • How to improve adaptation of communities to climate change? • Risk mitigation: understanding variability and planning production during droughts • Forecasting droughts & dry spells, and floods, flood warning systems 6. Learning for Innovation and Adaptive Management (0, 1) Understanding the reasons for previous failures • Of adoption; of institutions, management and infrastructure development, operation and/or management • Large scope for improving irrigation techniques and management Knowledge management • Collect existing knowledge, do not reinvent the wheel • Use indigenous knowledge • Package it for different audiences and needs (e.g. farmers vs. policy makers) • Interactive communication esp. between researchers and stakeholders (farmers, extension officers, policy makers, etc) Participatory approach to intervention design and implementation • Participation of communities in the design and implementation of interventions • Enhance capacity • Dialogue, stakeholders platforms, gender representation • Multi‐level coordination: among institutions at different levels and from different sectors related to water management Integrated research & interventions • Overlay/link agro‐ecological, socio‐economic and governance characteristics • Vertical and horizontal understanding, management and governance (institutional arrangements) Monitoring &Evaluation
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
40
Annex 7: End of Workshop Evaluation ‐ Simplified After Action Review
• • • • • • • • • • •
•
HOW TO IMPROVE Require some flexibility if ideas not within original agenda Improved gender representation of participants More time for synthesis opportunities Need to request information with anticipation from participants In future if participants can be asked for information in advance – Planned or ongoing project exercise Time on day 2 –too short for quality outputs Prioritization need improvement was not concise Try to identify bias in participant group and address it Request list inputs (catalogue of initiatives) earlier Fit contracts to agriculture seasons BDC identification/formulation process not very open, so stakeholder workshop a huge + vel CAUTION: maintain process (openness) Who missed out? Identify + disseminate before the call
WHAT WORKED WELL • • • • • • •
•
Real consultation (2) Flexibility (2) Very well run with active participation by all (3) Group sessions allowed participation Good exposure to planning for PHASE 11 Good consultative process!! Thematic approach Identification of workshop participants good (beyond researcher –self‐interest) + open, will help in ownership in Ph2 rollout among key stakeholders Good process to identify an agenda
Basin Development Challenges - Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Report Limpopo River Basin, 30 Nov – 1 Dec 2009, Pretoria, South Africa
