US007044948B2
(12)
United States Patent
(10) Patent N0.: US 7,044,948 B2 (45) Date of Patent: May 16, 2006
Keppel (54)
(75)
CIRCUIT FOR CONTROLLING ARC
3,089,496 A
ENERGY FROM AN ELECTROSURGICAL GENERATOR
3,163,165 A 3,252,052 A 3,391,351 A
Inventor:
3,402,326 A
David S. Keppel, Longmont, CO (US)
5/1963 Degelman 12/1964 Islikawa 5/1966 Nash 7/1968 Trent
9/1968 Guasco et a1~
3,413,480 A
(73) Assignee: Sherwood Services AG, Scha?hausen (CH)
(*)
Notice:
11/1968 Biard et al.
3,436,563 A
4/1969 RegitZ
3,439,253 A
4/1969 Piteo
3,439,680 A
4/1969 Thomas, Jr.
Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
3,461,874 A
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
3,471,770 A
8/1969 Maftinez
USC' 1546,) by 195 days'
3,478,744 A
11/1969 Leiter
3,486,115 A
12/1969 Anderson
10/1969 Halre
(21) Appl. No.: 10/728,212
(Continued) (22) Filed:
Dec. 4, 2003
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
US 2004/0230189 PriorA1
Nov. 18, Data 2004
(Continued)
Related US. Application Data
OTHER PUBLICATIONS (60)
Provisional application No. 60/432,384, ?led on Dec.
_
10, 2002 (51)
Int CL A61B 18/12
(52)
US. Cl. ........................ ..
(58)
606/40' 606/41' 606/49 ’ ’ Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 606/38,
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606/34; 606/606; 606/39;
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606/40, 41, 46, 49, 34; 323/301, 911
3,058,470 A
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D. Gb
ABSTRACT
A circuit is disclosed Which minimizes the amount of tissue vaporized during a ?rst half (positive half cycle) of an electrosurgical current cycle and minimizes the amount of current applied to tissue during a second half (negative half cycle) of the electrosurgical current cycle to control thermal spread. The circuit is preferably provided Within an electro surgical generator Which is capable of controlling the
US PATENT DOCUMENTS A 1/1931 wappler A 7/1931 Bovie A 1/ 1932 Lowry A 6/1932 Liebel A 2/1934 Rawls
2,827,056 A 2,849,611 A 2,982,881 A
E
(57)
References Clted
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_
(2006.01)
See appl1cat1on ?le for complete search hlstory. (56)
_ _
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14 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
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US 7,044,948 B2 Page 2 US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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Richard Wolf Medical Instruments Corp. Brochure, “Klep pinger Bipolar Forceps & Bipolar Generator” 3 pp. International Search ReportiPCT/US03/37110. International Search ReportiPCT/U S03/ 373 10. International Search ReportiEP4009964. International Search ReportiEP98300964.8. International Search ReportiEP04015981.6. Chicharo et al. “A Sliding GoertZel Algorith” Aug. 1996, pp. 283-297 Signal Processing, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam, NL vol. 52 No. 3. Ogden GoertZel Alternative to the Fourier Transform: Jun. 1993 pp. 485-487 Electronics World; Reed Business Pub
lishing, Sutton, Surrey, BG vol. 99, No. 9. 1687.
U.S. Patent
May 16, 2006
®:\104
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US 7,044,948 B2
1 12b 1 10b §\1 14
FIG.
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FIG. 2
US 7,044,948 B2 1
2
CIRCUIT FOR CONTROLLING ARC ENERGY FROM AN ELECTROSURGICAL GENERATOR
In a ?rst embodiment, the circuit includes a diode-resistor
block having a pair of diodes in series With an output current of the electrosurgical generator. In a second embodiment, the diode-resistor block includes the pair of diodes in
parallel With the output current of the electrosurgical gen erator. In both embodiments, each diode is biased opposite from the other diode, thus splitting the output current into tWo paths. The diode-resistor block in both embodiments
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the bene?t of priority to US. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/432,384 ?led on Dec. 10, 2002, the entire contents of Which are hereby incorpo
includes tWo resistors Which are provided in each of the tWo
paths. These resistors, depending on their resistive value, limit the current for each half cycle. As long as the current for either half cycle remains above
rated by reference herein.
a predetermined minimum current, Iml-n, an arc is formed.
BACKGROUND
The energy in the arc is limited by the resistors. Accordingly, the arc energy for vaporizing tissue during the positive half
1. Technical Field
cycle and the arc energy for causing thermal spread during the negative half cycle are controlled. In alternate embodiments, the resistors of the diode resistor block are replaced With potentiometers for alloWing
The present disclosure is directed to electrosurgery and, in particular, to circuitry for controlling arc energy from an
electrosurgical generator for ablating, cauterizing, coagulat ing, cutting and/or sealing body tissue during electrosurgery. 2. Description of the Related Art Electrosurgical generators do not have the ability to vary
20
levels of tissue vaporization and thermal spread. With these embodiments, the surgeon is given an almost unlimited
the amount of energy contained Within an arc to control the
ability to vary the ratio betWeen the amount of tissue
amount of tissue vaporized and the amount of current
applied to tissue to limit collateral damage to surrounding tissue, e.g., thermal spread. The ultimate amount of arc energy from the electrosurgical generator to the tissue is
vaporized and thermal spread. 25
Further features of the above embodiments Will become more readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the
folloWing detailed description of the apparatus taken in
dependent on patient resistance, poWer setting and the internal impedance of the electrosurgical generator. Vaporization of tissue is proportional to the amount of
a user of the electrosurgical generator to “dial” in preferred
conjunction With the draWings. 30
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
energy in an arc. This energy in combination With the
Cathode Fall Voltage, derives the poWer for vaporization. Thermal spread is dependent on the amount generated
Various embodiments Will be described herein beloW With reference to the draWings Wherein:
Within the tissue is dependent on tissue resistive and the arc
energy squared. As can be appreciated, by not controlling the thermal spread the depth of ablation is dif?cult to predict and
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit according to a 35
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit according to a
control. Electrosurgery is thus disadvantageous in applica
second embodiment;
tions in Which only a ?ne layer of tissue is to be ablated, or
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit according to a
in areas of the body such as the heart or near the spinal cord
Where resistive heating can result in undesirable collateral damage to critical tissue and/or organs.
?rst embodiment;
third embodiment; and 40
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit according to a
fourth embodiment.
US. Pat. No. 6,413,256 B1 to Truckai et al. discloses an
electrosurgical system Where a spark gap is utilized in series With the electrosurgical generator output current to control
resistive heating of tissue during electrosurgery. The spark
DETAILED DESCRIPTION 45
gap limits the arc energy, but is prone to introducing high
Reference is made to the draWings Where like reference numerals refer to similar elements. Referring to FIG. 1, there
frequency oscillations that can have an undesirable effect on
is shoWn a schematic diagram of a circuit according to one
the tissue, as Well as increase the high frequency leakage
embodiment of the present disclosure generally identi?ed by
currents.
Therefore, it is an aspect of the present disclosure to provide a circuit for controlling arc energy from the elec trosurgical generator to minimize the amount of tissue vaporized and to also minimize the amount of current
applied to tissue to limit thermal spread Without introducing high frequency oscillations or other undesirable effects.
50
reference numeral 100. Circuit 100 includes a diode-resistor block 102 in series With an output current 104 of an
electrosurgical generator 106. The diode-resistor block 102 includes a pair of diodes 108a, 1081) biased opposite from each other, thus splitting the output current 104 into tWo paths 110a, 1101). Preferably, the diodes 108a and 10819 are 55
high voltage, fast recovering diodes. The diode-resistor block 102 further includes resistors
SUMMARY
112a, 1121) in each of these tWo paths 110a, 1101). These resistors 112a, 112b, depending on their resistive value
(including having no resistive value, i.e., short), limit the
A circuit is disclosed Which minimizes the amount of
tissue vaporized during a ?rst half (positive half cycle) of an electrosurgical current cycle and minimizes the amount of current applied to tissue during a second half (negative half cycle) of the electrosurgical current cycle to limit thermal spread. The circuit is preferably provided Within an electro
60
surgical generator to provide an electrosurgical generator
65
Which is capable of controlling the amount of energy deliv ered to a patient during electrosurgery on a per arc basis.
current for each half cycle of the output current 104. Preferably, the resistance value for resistors 112a and 11219 is in the range of about 50 ohms to about 2000 ohms. The output current 104 is further limited by the patient resistance 114 in series With the diode-resistor block 102. The resistive value of the resistor 114 is typically in the range of 100 to 4000 ohms. By limiting the current for the positive half cycle, the circuit 100 controls the amount of
US 7,044,948 B2 3
4
vaporization of the tissue. By limiting the current for the negative half cycle, the circuit 100 controls thermal spread to surrounding tissue. During the periods of reduced poWer,
In short, as long as the current for either half cycle remains above a predetermined minimum current, Imin, an arc is formed. The energy in the arc is shunted by the resistors 212a and 2121). Accordingly, the arc energy for
the thermal energy is alloWed to dissipate Which reduces the overall thermal conduction and reduces the amount of steam
vaporiZing tissue during the positive half cycle and the arc energy for causing thermal spread during the negative half cycle are adequately controlled. Moreover and depending
exiting the surgical site. A detailed explanation of this effect is disclosed in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,080, the entire contents of Which are hereby incorporated by
upon the resistive values selected for the resistors 212a and 21219 the output current 204 may be limited for only one of
reference herein. In circuit 100, the voltage can drop at tWo spots: across
the half cycles.
resistor 112a and across patient 114 for maintaining arc at a
In an alternate embodiment, as shoWn by FIG. 4, a circuit
predetermined minimum voltage, Vml-n, the minimum volt
400 is provided Which is similar to circuit 200. HoWever, in this embodiment, the resistors 212a, 2121) are replaced With potentiometers 412a, 4121) for alloWing a surgeon to select
age point at Which the arc disappears). As can be appreci ated, as long as the current for either half cycle remains above a predetermined minimum current, Iml-n, an arc is formed. The energy in the arc is limited by the resistors 112a and 11219 and patient resistance 114. Accordingly, the arc
the resistive value (including no resistive value, i.e., short)
for potentiometers 412a, 4121) using dials 420a, 420b, respectively, on the electrosurgical generator 106 for varying the ratio betWeen the amount of tissue vaporiZed during the
energy for vaporiZing tissue during the positive half cycle and the arc energy for causing thermal spread during the negative half cycle are controlled. It is provided that according to the resistive values selected for the resistors 112a and 11219 the output current 104 may be limited for only one of the half cycles. In an alternate embodiment according to the present disclosure as shoWn by FIG. 3, a circuit 300 is provided Which is similar to circuit 100. HoWever, in this embodi ment, the resistors 112a, 1121) are replaced With potentiom eters 312a, 3121) for alloWing a surgeon to select the resistive
value (including no resistive value, i.e., short) for potenti ometers 312a, 3121) using dials 320a, 320b, respectively, on the electrosurgical generator 106 for varying the ratio betWeen the amount of tissue vaporized during the positive half cycle and thermal spread during the negative half cycle.
positive half cycle and thermal spread during the negative 20
half cycle. Much like circuit 200 described above, in 400 the
predetermined minimum voltage, Vmin, is controlled Within the generator 106 and thus, the voltage does not drop across the patient 214 to maintain or control Vmin. The output current 104 may be shunted for only one of the half cycles 25
by selecting the values for the potentiometers 412a and 4121).
Accordingly, the present disclosure provides an electro
surgical generator Which is capable of controlling the amount of energy delivered to a patient during electrosur 30
gery on a per arc basis. As can be appreciated, controlling the poWer reduces the overall effect on the tissue and the
surrounding tissue. Although the present disclosure has been described With respect to preferred embodiments, it Will be readily apparent
In circuit 300, the voltage can drop at tWo spots: across potentiometer 312a and across the patient 114 for maintain
35
ing arc at a predetermined minimum voltage, Vml-n. It is envisioned that by selecting the resistive values for the potentiometers 312a and 312b, the output current 104 may be limited for only one of the half cycles. Referring to FIG. 2, there is shoWn a schematic diagram
to those having ordinary skill in the art to Which it appertains that changes and modi?cations may be made thereto Without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. What is claimed is:
40
gical generator, said circuit comprising:
1. A circuit for controlling arc energy from an electrosur
means for receiving an output current generated by the
of a circuit 200 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Circuit 200 includes a diode-resistor block 202 in parallel With the output current 204 of an
electrosurgical generator 206. The diode-resistor block 202 includes a pair of diodes 208a, 2081) biased opposite from each other, thus splitting the output current 204 into tWo paths 210a, 2101). The diode-resistor block 202 shunts the current around the patient 214. This forms tWo paths; the path through the diode circuit block 202 and the path
through the patient 214.
electrosurgical generator; and a diode-resistor block electrically connected to said means
for receiving the output current, said diode-resistor 45
opposite from each other and con?gured to split the output current into tWo paths, each of the tWo paths 50
including one of a resistor and a potentiometer in series
With a respective diode of the pair of diodes. 2. A current according to claim 1, Wherein said diode
The diode-resistor block 202 further includes resistors
212a, 2121) in each of these tWo paths 210a, 210b, respec tively. These resistors 212a, 212b, depending on their resis tive value (including having no resistive value, i.e., short), shunt the current for each half cycle of the output current
block con?gured to limit the amount of output current for at least one half cycle of the output current; said diode-resistor block including a pair of diodes biased
resistor block is connected in series to said means for 55
receiving the output current. 3. A circuit according to claim 1, Wherein said diode
204.
resistor block is connected in parallel With said means for
The output current 204 is further limited by the patient resistance 214 in parallel With the diode-resistor block 202. The resistive value of the patient 214 is typically in the range of 100 to 4000 ohms. By shunting the current for the positive half cycle, the circuit 200 controls the amount of vaporiZa tion of the tissue. By shunting the current for the negative half cycle, the circuit 200 controls thermal spread to sur rounding tissue. In circuit 200, the predetermined minimum voltage, Vml-n, is controlled Within the generator 106 and, thus, the voltage does not drop across the patient 214 to
receiving the output current.
maintain or control Vml-n.
60
4. A circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a resistor in series With said diode-resistor block. 5. A circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a resistor in parallel With said diode-resistor block.
6. An electrosurgical generator for controlling the amount of energy delivered to a patient during electrosurgery on a
per arc basis, the electrosurgical generator comprising: 65
a circuit including: means for receiving an output current generated by the
electrosurgical generator; and
US 7,044,948 B2 6
5 means for limiting the amount of output current for at least one half cycle of the output current; said means for limiting the amount of output current for at least one
11. A method for controlling arc energy from an electro
surgical generator, said method comprising the steps of: receiving an output current generated by the electrosur gical generator; and
half cycle of the output current including a pair of diodes biased opposite from each other for splitting the output current into tWo paths, each of the tWo paths
limiting the amount of output current for at least one half
including one of a resistor and a potentiometer in series
cycle of the output current by splitting the output
With a respective diode of the pair of diodes.
7. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 6,
current into tWo paths using a pair of diodes biased opposite from each other and providing in each of the
Wherein said means for limiting the amount of output current for at least one half cycle of the output current includes a diode-resistor block in series With said means for receiving the output current.
With a respective diode of the pair of diodes. 12. A method according to claim 11, Wherein said step for
tWo paths one of a resistor and a potentiometer in series
8. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 6,
limiting the amount of output current for at least one half
Wherein said means for limiting the amount of output current for at least one half cycle of the output current includes a
cycle of the output current comprises the step of providing a diode-resistor block in series With the output current.
diode-resistor block in parallel With said means for receiving the output current.
13. A method according to claim 11, Wherein said step for limiting the amount of output current for at least one half
9. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 6, further comprising a resistor in series With said means for limiting the amount of output current for at least one half
cycle of the output current comprises the step of providing 20
14. A method according to claim 11, further comprising
cycle of the output current. 10. An electrosurgical generator according to claim 6, further comprising a resistor in parallel With said means for limiting the amount of output current for at least one half
cycle of the output current.
a diode-resistor block in parallel With the output current.
the step of varying the resistive value for one of the resistor
and the potentiometer. 25
