sDkgL P]g, @)^# k|df0fLs/0f / k|s fzg ldlt @)^#.&.@$ !=
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$
@)^$.%.(
@)^# ;fnsf] P]g g= !* sDkgL;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;+ zf] wg / PsLs/0f ug{ ag]sf] P]g k|:tfjgf M cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fåf/f pBf]u , Jofkf/ / Joj;fosf If]qdf nufgL k|j 4{g u/L d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf;df ultzLntf Nofpg tyf sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf k|zf;gnfO{ cem a9L ;'ud, ;/n / kf/bzL{ agfpg sDkgL;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;+ zf] wg / PsLs/0f ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf] n], k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)^# hf/L ePsf] klxnf] jif{d f k|ltlglw;efn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 . kl/R5]b–! k|f/lDes !=
;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æsDkgL P]g, @)^#Æ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] P]g ;Djt\ @)^# ;fn c;f]h @) ut]b]lv k| f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
@=
kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,– -s_
æsDkgLÆ eGgfn] o; P]gadf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_
æk|fOe]6 sDkgLÆ eGgfn] o; P]gadf]lhd ;+:yflkt k|fOe]6 sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_
æklAns sDkgLÆ eGgfn] k|fOe]6 sDkgLafx]ssf] sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_
æd'Vo sDkgLÆ eGgfn] ;xfos sDkgLnfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg] sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_
æ;xfos sDkgLÆ eGgfn] d'Vo sDkgLsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ -5_
æljb]zL sDkgLÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fHoaflx/ ;+:yflkt sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ . æ;"rLs[t sDkgLÆ eGgfn] lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/df cfˆgf] lwtf]kq ;"rLs[t u/]sf] klAns sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_
æd'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLÆ eGgfn] s'g} p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu cflh{t d'gfkmf jf artsf] /sdaf6 nfef+z jf cGo s'g} /sd ;b:ox?nfO{ ljt/0f ug{ jf e'QmfgL ug{ gkfpg] zt{d f kl/R5]b–!( cGtu{t ;+:yflkt sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_
æ;+:yfksÆ eGgfn] sDkgL ;+: yfkgf ug{sf] nflu sfof{no;dIf bflvn ul/g] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf] s'/fnfO{ d~h'/ u/L ;+:yfkssf] x}l;otn] x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-`_
ækbflwsf/LÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d' v, k|aGws, sDkgL] ;lrj, lnSjL8]6/ / ljefuLo lhDd]j f/L lng] s'g} sd{rf/L;d]t ;Demg' k5{ . 1
-6_
æk|aGwkqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-7_
ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL ;Demg' k5{ .
-8_
æljj/0fkqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] bkmf @# adf]lhd k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0fkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-9_
æz]o/Æ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"FhLsf] ljeflht c+ z ;Demg' k5{ .
-0f_
æcu|flwsf/ z]o/Æ eGgfn] o; P]gadf]lhd cu| flwsf/ z] o/sf] ?kdf hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-t_
æ;fwf/0f z] o/Æ eGgfn] cu| flwsf/ z]o/afx]ssf] z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-y_
æaf]g; z] o/Æ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] d'gfkmfaf6 ePsf] art jf hu]8f sf]ifnfO{ k"FhLs/0f u/L z] o/wgLx¿nfO{ cltl/Qm z] o/sf] ?kdf hf/L ul/Psf] z] o/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] art jf hu]8f sf]ifnfO{ k"F hLs/0f u/L z]o/sf] r'Qmf /sd j[l4 u/]sf] cj:yf;d]t nfO{ hgfpF5 .
-b_
æz]o/wgLÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] z] o/df :jfdLTj ePsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-w_
æl8a]~r/Æ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] hfoh] yf lwtf] /fvL jf g/fvL sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-g_
æl8a]~r/ 6«i6LÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ubf{ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] lxt ;+/If0fsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-k_
æbtf{lstfaÆ eGgfn] bkmf $^ adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf]] z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{lstfa ;Demg' k5{ .
-km_
æsDkgLsf] 5fkÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] k| of] u ug{] sDkgLsf] 5fk ;Demg' k5{ .
-a_
ælwtf]kq af]8{Æ eGgfn] lwtf]kq lgoldt / Jojl:yt ug{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] lwtf]kq af]8{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-e_
ælwtf]kqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/, a08, l8a]~r/ jf C0fkq ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] lwtf]kqsf]
w/f}6L;DaGwL e/kfO{ tyf lwtf] kq;DaGwL xs /
clwsf/kq;d]tnfO{ hgfpF 5 . -d_
æ;~rfnsÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] j}slNks ;~rfns;d]t nfO{ hgfpF 5 .
-o_
æ;~rfns ;ldltÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-/_
æk|aGw ;~rfnsÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k|aGw ;~rfns ;Demg' k5{ .
-n_
ælk|ldod d"Nosf] z]o/Æ eGgfn] z] o/sf] clÍt d"NoeGbf a9L d"Nodf laqmL x'g] u/L sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z] o/ ;Demg' k5{ . 2
-j_
æv'b ;DklQ -g]6 jy{_Æ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] s'n hfoh]yfaf6 r'Qmf k"FhL tyf z]o/wgLsf] xs nfUg] h'g ;'s} gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] hu]8f, sf]if jf ;l~rt d'gfkmf jf sDkgLsf] s'g} Voflt eP ;f]afx]ssf] cGo ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj /sd / ;+slnt gf]S;fgL eP ;f];d] t s§f u/L afFs L /x]sf] /sdnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-z_
æ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}t fÆ eGgfn] k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0 f{ z]o/wgLx¿n] sDkgLsf] ;~rfngsf ;DaGwdf ;j{;Ddltaf6 u/]sf] ;Demf}t f ;Demg' k5{ .
-if_
æsfof{ noÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k| zf;g ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] v8f u/]sf] sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
-;_
æ/lhi6«f/Æ eGgfn] sfof{nosf] /lhi6« f/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-x_
æ:jtGq ;~rfnsÆ eGgfn] bkmf *^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm :jtGq ;~rfns ;Demg' k5{ .
-If_
æcbfntÆeGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;jf]{ Rr cbfntsf] ;xdlt lnO{ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] cbfntsf] jfl0fHo Ohnfz ;Demg' k5{ .
-q_
æglhssf] gft]bf/Æ eGgfn] Psf;uf] nsf] c+lzof/ jf klt, kTgL, afa', cfdf, ;f;" , ;;'/f, bfh' efO, lbbL, alxgL, efph", a'xf/L, ;fnf, ;fnL, legfh', sfsf, sfsL, dfdf, dfOh", 5f]/f, 5f]/ L, 5f]/ fa'xf/L, gflt, gfltgL, gfltgLa'xf/L jf HjfFO{+ ;Demg' k5{ .
-1_
ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsPadf]lhdÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsPadf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ . kl/R5]b–@ sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf
#=
sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf M -!_ d'gfkmfsf] p2] Zo lnO{ s'g} pBd ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] PSn} jf c?;F u ;d"xa4 eO{ k|aGwkqdf pNn] v ePadf]lhd Ps jf PseGbf a9L p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ klAns sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgfsf] nflu sDtLdf ;fthgf ;+:yfks x'g' kg]{5 . t/ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] csf]{ klAns sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ubf{ ;fthgf ;+: yfkssf] cfjZostf kg]{ 5}g . -#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kl/R5]b–!( df ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL Ps jf PseGbf a9L p2] Zo k|flKtsf nflu d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
3
$=
sDkgL ;+:yfkgfsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf # adf]lhd sDkgLsf] ;+: yfkgf ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ tyf b] xfosf sfuhftx¿;d] t ;+nUg /fvL sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M– -s_
k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq,
-v_
k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL,
-u_
klAns sDkgL eP sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug'{cl3 ;+: yfksx¿aLr s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-3_
k|fOe]6 sDkgL eP ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf ePsf] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}t fsf] k|ltlnlk,
-ª_
k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd s'g} vf; k|sf/sf] Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgL btf{ ug'{cl3 k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd s'g} lgsfosf] k"j{–:jLs[lt jf Ohfht lng' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP To:tf] :jLs[lt jf Ohfhtkq,
-r_
g]kfnL gful/s ;+: yfks ePdf gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk / ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;+: yfks ePdf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] btf{ k|df0fkq, sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug]{];DaGwL ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o / To:tf] ;+ :yfsf] ;+:yfkgf;DaGwL k|d'v lnvtx?,
-5_
ljb]zL JolQm jf sDkgL jf lgsfo ;+:yfks ePdf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd g]kfndf nufgL jf Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ug]{ af/]d f k| fKt cg'dltkq,
-h_
ljb]zL JolQm ;+:yfks ePdf lgh s'g d'n'ssf] gful/s xf] ;f] k|d fl0ft ug]{ lnvt,
-em_ ljb]zL sDkgL jf lgsfo ;+:yfks ePdf To:tf] sDkgL jf lgsfosf] ;+:yfkgfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk tyf ;+:yfkgf;DaGwL k|d'v lnvtx? . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg Ps JolQm dfq ;+:yfks /x]sf] Psn z]o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLsf] ;+: yfkgfsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfsf] lgodfjnLnfO{ g} ;+:yfksn] :jLsf/ ug{ d~h'/ u/]df k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL k] z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . %=
sDkgL btf{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf $ adf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{ lgj]bg k/]df sfof{non] cfjZos hfF ra'em u/L lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq To:tf] sDkgL btf{ u/L tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bsnfO{ sDkgL btf{sf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ ePkl5 sDkgL ;+: yfkgf ePsf] dflgg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of] hgsf] lgldQ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfof{non] sDkgL btf{lstfa /fVg] 5 . 4
-$_ o; bkmfadf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePkl5 o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ sDkgL / o;sf k|To]s z] o/wgL tyf z] o/wgLx¿aLr Ps cfk;df ePsf] 5'§ f5'§} ;Demf}t fdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf;/x sDkgL / o;sf z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ aGwgsf/L x'g] 5g\ . -%_ o; P]gadf]lhd sDkgL btf{ gu/L s'g} JolQmn] sDkgL zAbsf] k| of] u u/L s'g} kmd{ jf ;+ :yfsf] gfdaf6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g . ^=
sDkgL btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf sfof{non] sDkgL btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] gfdcl3 btf{ eO{ sfod /x]sf] s'g} sDkgLsf] gfd;F u ldNg] ePdf jf e|d l;h{gf x'g ;Sg] u/L To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'g ] ePdf,
-v_
k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] gfd jf p2]Zo k|rlnt sfg"gljk/Lt ePdf jf ;fj{hlgs lxt, g}ltstf, ;bfrf/, lzi6frf/ cflb s'g} b[li6sf]0fn] cg'ko'Qm jf cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf jf kmf} hbf/L sfo{sf] cfzo emNsg] b]lvPdf,
-u_
k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] gfd o; P]gadf]lhd btf{ vf/]hLdf k/]sf] jf k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] sDkgLsf] gfd;Fu ldNg] ePdf jf e|d l;h{gf x'g ;Sg] u/L ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'g] ePdf / To;/L btf{ vf/]hLdf k/]sf] jf bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] cjlw kfFr jif{ k"/f eOg;s]sf] ePdf,
-3_
o; P]gadf]lhd sDkgL ;+ :yfkgf x'gsf] lgldQ cfjZos zt{ x¿ k"/f gePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} cj:yf k/L sfof{ non] s'g} sDkgL btf{ ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf]df ;f]sf] sf/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf bkmf $ adf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{sf] nflu lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq lgj]bsnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfof{non] s'g} sDkgL btf{ ug{ OGsf/ u/]df jf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;"rgf glbPdf lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn] kGw| lbgleq cbfntdf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . &=
sDkgL ;+ul7t ;+ :yf x'g] M -!_ o; P]gadf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgL cljlR5Gg pQ/flwsf/jfnf Ps :jzfl;t / ;+ul7t ;+:yf x'g] 5 . -@_ sDkgLn] o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL JolQm;/x rn crn ;DklQ k|fKt ug{, /fVg, a]rlavg ug{ jf cGo lsl;dn] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] gfdaf6 gfln; ph'/ ug{ / sDkgLpk/ klg ;f] xL gfdaf6 gfln; ph'/ nfUg ;Sg]5 . -$_ sDkgLn] JolQm;/x s/f/ ug{ / s/f/adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ tyf bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg]5 . 5
*=
bfloTj ;Lldt x'g] M o; P]gadf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf z] o/wgLsf] bfloTj lghn] vl/b u/]sf] jf vl/b ug{ sa'n u/]sf] z] o/sf] clwstd /sd;Dd dfq ;Lldt /xg]5 .
(= z]o/wgLx¿sf] ;+Vof M -!_ k| fOe]6 sDkgLsf] z] o/wgLx¿sf] ;+ Vof krf;eGbf a9L x'g' x'Fb}g . -@_ bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+ zsf] cwLgdf /xL klAns sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLx¿sf] ;+Vof sDtLdf ;fthgf / a9Ldf hlt;'s} klg x'g ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ z] o/ laqmL ug]{ of]hgf cGtu{ t sDkgLsf] z] o/ vl/b u/]sf sd{rf/L jf To:tf] of] hgf cGtu{t z]o/ vl/b u/L;s]sf t/ tTsfn sDkgLsf] ;] jfdf g/x]s f sd{rf/LnfO{ z] o/wgLsf] ?kdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g . !)= sDkgLn] kfng ug'{ kg]{ zt{x¿ M o; P]gadf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLn] of] P]g, k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf zt{x¿sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf zt{ x¿sf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_
cfk"m n] ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/f]af/x¿ ;f] sDkgLsf] gfdaf6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_
k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] cfˆgf] gfdsf] k5fl8 æk|fOe]6 lnld6]8Æ / klAns sDkgLn] cfˆgf] gfdsf] k5fl8 ælnld6] 8Æ n] Vg' kg]{5 . t/ d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLsf] xsdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-u_
k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/ v'Nnf?kdf laqmL ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-3_
k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}t fdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] sfo{ljlw k"/f gu/L k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] cfˆgf] lwtf]kq z] o/wgLx¿afx]s cGo JolQmnfO{ lwtf] aGws /fvL jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lbg x'Fb}g .
-ª_
sDkgLn] ;fem]bf/L jf k| fOe]6 kmd{ vf]Ng x'Fb}g .
-r_
o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]d f afx]s d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLn] cfˆgf ;b:ox?nfO{ nfef+ z ljt/0f ug{ jf ;b:o jf lghsf glhssf gft]bf/nfO{ k| ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kn] s'g} /sd e'QmfgL ug{ x'Fb}g .
!!= klAns sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"FhL M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L s'g} vf; sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"FhL a9L x'g' kg]{ u/L cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s klAns sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"FhL sDtLdf Ps s/f] 8 ?k} ofF x'g' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'Fb fsf avt ;f] xL pkbkmfdf plNnlvt r'Qmf k"FhL gePsf] klAns sDkgLn] ;Djt\ @)^% ;fn cflZjg @@ ut]leq pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k"FhL sfod ug'{ kg]{ 5 . !@= s]xL vf; sf/f]af/ ug{ klAns sDkgL x'g' kg]{ M o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a}lÍË sf/f]a f/, ljQLo sf/f]af/, aLdf Joj;fo;DaGwL sf/f]a f/, lwtf]kq ahf/;DaGwL 6
Joj;fo, lgj[Qe/0f sf]if jf ;fd"lxs art sf]i f -Do' Ro' cn km08_ ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgL jf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] cGo Joj;fo jf sf/f]a f/ ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgL klAns sDkgLsf] ?kdf ;+:yfkgf x'g' kg]{5 . !#=
k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g] M -!_ s'g} k| fOe]6 sDkgL b]xfosf cj:yfdf o; bkmfadf]lhd klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g] 5 M– -s_
k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ;f] sDkgLnfO{ klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug]{ lg0f{ o u/]df, t/ klAns sDkgL x'gsf] lgldQ o; P]gadf]lhd cfjZos zt{ x¿ k"/f gu/]df k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-v_
k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] kRrL; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ Ps jf PseGbf a9L klAns sDkgLn] vl/b u/]df, t/ o; v08adf]lhdsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ s'g} a}lÍË jf ljQLo sDkgLn] 6«i6Lsf] ?kdf z]o/x¿ sAhfdf lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] z] o/sf] u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-u_
k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] s'g} klAns sDkgLsf] kRrL; k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L z]o/ vl/b u/]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ sf] cj:yfdf ;f] v08df plNnlvt lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg /fvL ;DalGwt k|fOe] 6 sDkgLn] klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'gsf] nflu To;/L lg0f{ o ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq sfof{no;dIf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b:t'/;lxt tf]lsPadf]lhd lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sfof{no;dIf lgj]bg k|fKt x'gcfPdf ;DalGwt k| fOe]6 sDkgLn] o; P]gadf]lhd klAns sDkgLsf] ?kdf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{sf nflu cfjZos zt{x¿ k"/f u/]sf] ePdf sDkgL btf{lstfadf To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/]sf] Joxf]/fhgfO{ ;f7L lbgleq tf]lsPadf]lhd sDkgL kl/0ft ePsf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ jf -u_ sf] cj:yf k/L s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq ;Dk"0f{ Joxf]/f v' nfO{ ;DalGwt k| fOe]6 sDkgLn] klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'gsf] nflu sfof{no;dIf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b:t'/;lxt tf]lsPadf]lhd lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd sfof{no;dIf lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf To:tf] sDkgLn] o; P]gadf]lhd klAns sDkgLn] sf/f]a f/ ;~rfng ug{ k"/f ug'{ kg]{ zt{ x? k"/f u/]sf] eP sfof{ non] sDkgL btf{lstfadf To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/]sf] Joxf]/fhgfO{ tf]lsPadf]lhd sDkgL kl/0ft ePsf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 . 7
-^_ o; bkmfadf]lhd s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePdf ;f] sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL;d]t ;f] xL ldltb]lv :jtM klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf] dflgg]5 . -&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf]df sDkgL btf{lstfadf To:tf ;xfos sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf] Joxf]/fhgfO{ k|df0fkq lngsf] nflu sfof{ no;dIf cfjZos sfuhft;lxt lgj]bg lbg] bfloTj ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] x'g]5 . -*_ o; bkmfadf]lhd s'g} k| fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePdf To;/L kl/0ft ePsf] ldltb]lv o; P]gadf]lhd klAns sDkgLsf] ;DaGwdf nfu" x'g] Joj:yfx¿ To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ :jtM nfu" ePsf] dflgg]5 . -(_ o; bkmfadf]lhd s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf]d f To;/L kl/0ft ePsf] k| fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;a} ;DklQ tyf bfloTjx¿ kl5Nnf] sDkgLdf ;g]{5 . !$= klAns sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} klAns sDkgL o; bkmfadf]lhd k|fOe] 6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g]5 M– -s_
s'g} klAns sDkgLsf] z] o/wgLsf] ;+ Vof ;fthgfeGbf sd ePdf,
-v_
klAns sDkgLn] bkmf !! adf]lhd cfˆgf] r'Qmf k"FhL sfod ug{ g;s]df jf bkmf %& adf]lhd k"FhL 36fPsf] sf/0fn] bkmf !! adf]lhdsf] r'Qmf k"FhL sfod g/x]df .
t/ bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf k/]df ;DalGwt klAns sDkgLn] 5 dlxgfleq cfˆgf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg u/L k| fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;+ zf] wg ePsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] k|ltlnlk ;+ nUg /fvL ;DalGwt klAns sDkgLn] k| fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'gsf] nflu To;/L ;+ zf] wg ePsf] tL; lbgleq sfof{no;dIf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b:t'/;lxt tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd sfof{no;dIf lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf sDkgL btf{lstfadf To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ k|fOe] 6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/]sf] Joxf]/f hgfO{ ;f7L lbgleq tf]lsPadf]lhd k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePsf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd klAns sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft ePdf To;/L kl/0ft x'g] klAns sDkgLsf] ;a} ;DklQ tyf bfloTjx¿ kl5Nnf] sDkgLdf ;g]{ 5 . !%= Dofb, ;" rgf cflb tfd]n ug]{ M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} sDkgL, ;~rfns, z]o/wgL, l8a]~r/jfnf jf sd{rf/LnfO{ sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ jf sDkgL;Fu ;Da4 ljifosf] ;DaGwdf s'g} ;"rgf, Dofb, aGb;jfn cflb tfd]n ug'{ k/]df ;f] sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf To:tf] ;"rgf, Dofb, aGb;jfn cflb a'emfPdf jf /lhi6«L u/L 8
x'nfsdfk{mt k7fPdf jf To:tf] sfof{ nodf /flvPsf] 6]lnˆofS;, Od]n, 6] n]S; jf o:t} cGo ljB'tLo pks/0fdfk{mt k7fPdf /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 . To;/L s'g} ;"rgf, Dofb, aGb;jfn OToflb tfd]n x'g g;s]df ;DalGwt sDkgL, ;~rfns jf sd{rf/LnfO{ /]l8of], 6]lnlehg jf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf tT;DaGwL ;"rgf k|;f/0f jf k|sfzg u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;lsg]5 . To;/L ul/Psf] ;"rgfnfO{ lghn] hfgsf/L kfPsf] dflgg]5 . -@_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLsf s'g} ;~rfns, z]o/wgL, l8a]~ r/jfnf jf s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 jf s'g} clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L jf cbfntsf] tkm{af6 kbLo sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf s'g} Dofb, ;"rgf, aGb;jfn cflb tfd] n ug'{ k/]df To:tf] ;~rfns, z]o/wgL jf sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] 6] n]S;, Od]n, 6]lnˆofS;sf] 7]ufgf lbPsf] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] 7]u fgfdf / To:tf] 7]u fgf glbPsf] cj:yfdf x'nfsåf/f kqfrf/ ug{ lbPsf] 7]ufgfdf x'nfsåf/f /lhi6«L u/L k7fpg ;lsg]5 / To;/L k7fOPsf]df To:tf] ;"rgf, Dofb, aGb;jfn cflb /Ltk"j{s tfd] n ePsf] dflgg]5 . -#_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLn] o; P]gadf]lhd s'g} z]o/wgL, l8a]~r/jfnf jf ;~rfnsnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpFbf jf lghx?af6 s'g} hfgsf/L k|fKt ubf{ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd jf lghx?sf] ;xdlt ePdf ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] k| of] u u/L lghx?n] pknAw u/fPsf] ljB'tLo ;~rf/sf] 7] ufgfdf k7fpg ;lsg]5 . t/ ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 To:tf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;xdlt glbg] z]o/wgL, l8a]~r/jfnf jf ;~rfnsnfO{ x'nfs jf cGo e/kbf]{ dfWodaf6 To:tf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L k7fpg' kg]{5 . !^= /lhi6«f/sf] sfd / st{Jo M -!_ o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog tyf sDkgLsf] k|zf;g ug{] st{Jo /lhi6«f/sf] x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L o; P]gsf] sfof{G jog tyf sDkgLsf] k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{ k|e fjsf/L jf Jojl:yt ?kdf ;Dkfbg ug{sf] nflu /lhi6«f/n] cfjZos lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 / ;f] lgb]{lzsfsf] kfngf ug'{ u/fpg' k|To]s sDkgL tyf kbflwsf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] lgb]{lzsf ;j{ ;fwf/0fnfO{ pknAw x'g ;Sg] u/L k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ /lhi6«f/n] o; P]g cg';f/ cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/dWo] s]xL clwsf/ cfjZostf cg';f/ cfˆgf] dftxtsf] s'g} clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ k| Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] 5 . -%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lgodgsf/L lgsfon] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd s'g} sDkgLnfO{ lbPsf] lgb]{zg jf To:tf] sDkgLsf ;DaGwdf ;f] 9
lgsfon] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd k|of]u ug]{ clVtof/LnfO{ o; bkmfn] ;Lldt u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g . !&= ;+:yfkgfk"j{ s/f/ M -!_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf x'g'eGbf cl3 u/]sf] s/f/ k|:tfljt s/f/ dfq x'g]5 / To:tf] s/f/ sDkgLsf nflu aGwgsf/L x'g] 5}g . -@_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf x'g' cufj} s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]df jf ;fk6L lnPdf To;/L ul/Psf] sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt s/f/k|lt pkbkmf -#_ sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] JolQmn] JolQmut ?kdf lhDd]jf/L axg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ s'g} sf/f]af/df plNnlvt ;doleq jf sDkgL ;+:yfkgf eO{;s]kl5 dgfl;a ;doleq sDkgLsf] sfd sf/afxL, Jojxf/ jf cfr/0faf6 cfk"mn] sf/f]a f/ z'? ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] ldlteGbf cl3 ePsf sfd sf/afxL jf lnPsf] ;fk6LnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]df jf To:tf] sfd sf/afxLk|lt ;xdlt hgfpdf ;f] sf/f]af/ sDkgL tyf s/f/sf] csf]{ kIfsf] nflu afWofTds x'g] 5 / sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ug]{ JolQmn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Joxf]g'{ kg]{ JolQmut bfloTjaf6 5'6 k| fKt ug]{ 5 . -$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k| fOe]6 sDkgL ;+:yfkgf x'g ' cufj} ePsf s/f/sf ;DaGwdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}t fdf n]lvPadf]lhd x'g] 5 . kl/R5]b–# k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL tyf ljj/0fkq !*= k|aGwkq M -!_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqdf b]xfosf s'/fx¿ pNn] v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] gfd,
-v_
sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no /xg] 7]u fgf,
-u_
sDkgLsf] p2]Zo,
-3_
sDkgLsf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ul/g] sfdx¿,
-ª_
sDkgLsf] clws[t k"FhLsf] cÍ, sDkgLn] tTsfn hf/L ug]{ z]o/ k"F hLsf] cÍ / sDkgLsf] ;+:yfksn] r'Qmf ug{ sa'n u/]sf] cÍ,
-r_
sDkgLsf] z]o/sf] lsl;d, To:tf z] o/df lgxLt xs, clwsf/, k| To]s z]o/sf] d"No / ljleGg k|sf/sf] z]o/ ;+Vof,
-5_
z]o/ vl/b jf x:tfGt/0f ug{ s'g} aGb]h /x]sf] eP ;f] s'/f,
-h_
;+:yfksx¿n] tTsfn lng sa'n u/]sf] z]o/ ;+Vof,
-em_ z]o/sf] /sd e'QmfgLsf zt{x¿, -`_
z]o/wgLx¿sf] bfloTj ;Lldt /xg] s'/f,
-6_
k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf z] o/wgLx?sf] clwstd ;+Vof, 10
-7_
cGo cfjZos s'/fx¿ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf s'/fx¿sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'g} s'/f ul/g] jf x'g] ePdf To:tf s'/fx¿;d]t k|aGwkqdf pNn] v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M– -s_
;+:yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmn] gubafx]s c? s'g} lsl;daf6 z] o/ vl/b ug{] jf z]o/df xs kfpg] eP ;f] s'/f,
-v_
sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ z'? ubf{sf] avt ;+:yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmaf6 s'g} lsl;d;Fu s'g} ;DklQ k| fKt ug]{ eP ;f] s'/f,
-u_
sDkgLsf] ;+:yfkgf ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ sDkgLn] g} Joxf]g'{ kg]{ eP ;f] s'/f,
-3_
;+:yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLaf6 s'g} ljz]if ;x'lnot jf clwsf/ kfpg] eP ;f] s'/f .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ df pNn] v ePadf]lhd ;+ :yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmn] gubafx]s c? s'g} lsl;daf6 z]o/ vl/b ubf{ jf z]o/df xs k| fKt ubf{ gubafx]s cGo s'/fsf] / v08 -v_ df pNn] v eP cg';f/ sDkgLsf] sfd z'? ubf{sf] cj:yfdf ;+:yfks jf cGo s'g} JolQmaf6 sDkgLn] s'g} ;DklQ k|fKt ubf{ klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd d"NofÍg ug{ k|df0fkqk| fKt OlGhlgo/ jf n]vf Joj;foLaf6 To:tf] ;DklQsf] d"NofÍg u/fpg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} ;DklQsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/ tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 / To;/L gtf]lsPsf]d f To:tf] ;DklQ d"NofÍg ug]{ JolQmn] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f d"NofÍg ubf{s f] cfwf/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ k|aGwkq o; P]g;F u aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd :jtM ab/ x'g]5 . -^_ k|aGwkqsf] 9fFrf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g] 5 . !(= k|aGwkqdf ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k|aGwkqdf sDkgLsf] ;+:yfksx¿sf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf pNn]v u/L k|To]s ;+ :yfksn] s] slt z] o/ lng d~h'/ u/]sf] xf] ;f] ;d]t b] vfOPsf] / lghx¿ ;a}sf] ;xL5fk k/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -@_ k|To]s ;+:yfkssf] nflu 5'§f5'§} ;fIfLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf k|i6;Fu v'n]s f] x'g' kg]{5 / To:tf] ;fIfLsf] ;xL5fk;d]t k|aGwkqdf k/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ k|To]s ;+:yfksn] ;f] sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPadf]lhd / To;/L gtf]lsPsf]d f sDtLdf Ps ;o lsQf z] o/ vl/b ug{ d~h'/ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -$_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] Ps jif{leq sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{on] bkmf $ adf]lhd lbOPsf] lgj]bg;fy k]z ul/Psf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf b]lvPsf ;fdfGo q'6L jf 5kfO{ jf 6fOksf] uNtLnfO{ ;RofO{ kfpg sfof{ no;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 . 11
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf To;pk/ 5fglag u/L pko'Qm b]v]d f sfof{ non] To:tf] q'6L jf uNtLnfO{ ;RofO{ ;f]sf] clen] v /fVg]5 . t/ sDkgLsf] d"n p2]Zodf km/s kg]{ u/L s'g} s'/f ;Rofpg ;lsg] 5}g . @)= lgodfjnL M -!_ k|aGwkqdf plNnlvt p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{ / sDkgLn] cfˆgf] sfd sf/afxL ;'Aojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ lgodfjnL agfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ lgodfjnLdf b] xfosf s'/fx¿ pNn] v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef af] nfpg] tl/sf, ;efsf] nflu lbg' kg]{ ;"rgf;DaGwL s'/fx¿,
-v_
;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlw,
-u_
;~rfnssf] ;+ Vof, j}slNks ;~rfnssf] Joj:yf eP ;f] s'/f / ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn,
-3_
;fwf/0f ;ef tyf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] clen] v / To;sf] k|ltlnlk tyf lg/LIf0f;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-ª_
s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns lgo'Qm x'g z]o/ lng' kg]{ eP Go"gtd z]o/ ;+Vof,
-r_
klAns sDkgL eP :jtGq ;~rfnssf] of]Uotf / ;+ Vof,
-5_
z]o/wgLafx]ssf] cGo s'g} Jofj;flos JolQmnfO{ ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug]{ eP lghx?sf] ;+ Vof, sfo{s fn, of]U otf tyf lgo'lQm k|lqmof;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-h_
;~rfns ;ldlt / k|aGw ;~rfnssf] clwsf/ / st{Jox¿,
-em_ ;~rfnsx¿sf] clVtof/L tyf clVtof/Lsf] k|Tofof]hg, -`_
;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof, a} 7ssf] ;"rgf tyf a}7ssf] sfo{ljlw,
-6_
z]o/df lnog /xg] s'/f,
-7_
ljleGg ju{sf z] o/x? / To:tf z] o/df lgxLt xs, clwsf/ tyf aGb]hx?,
-8_
z]o/afktsf] /sdsf] e'QmfgLsf] dfu tyf z]o/ hkmt;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-9_
z]o/ x:tfGt/0f;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-0f_
z]o/ k"FhL yk36 ug{] s'/f,
-t_
sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm}+ vl/b ug{] eP ;f] s'/f,
-y_
sDkgL ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm,
-b_
;~rfnssf] kfl/>lds, eQf / ;'ljwf;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-w_
cfˆgf] sf/f]af/df 5fk k|of]u ug]{ eP sDkgLsf] 5fksf] k|of]u ,
-g_
sDkgLsf] n]vf, lx;falstfa tyf n]vfk/LIf0f, 12
-k_
C0f jf l8a]~ r/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf,
-km_
sDkgL ufleg] s'/f,
-a_
s'g} vf; Joj;fo ug]{ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf v'nfpg' kg]{ egL k|rlnt sfg"gdf s'g} Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP To:tf] s'/f,
-e_
lgodfjnLdf v'nfpg' kg]{ cGo cfjZos s'/fx¿ .
-#_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Lsf] arfp ;DaGwdf lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] s'g } Joj:yfnufot of] P]g tyf k|aGwkq;F u s'g} Joj:yf aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd ab/ x'g]5 . -$_ lgodfjnLsf] 9fF rf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 . @!= k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+ zf] wg M -!_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L bkmf ^ sf] cwLgdf /xL k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL ;+ zf] wg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+ zf] wg ul/Psf] Joxf]/fsf] hfgsf/L sDkgLn] tL; lbgleq sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / sfof{ non] To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq clen]v u/L ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} sDkgLn] cfˆgf] gfd ;+ zf]wg ug'{ k/]df ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b:t'/;lxt sfof{ nosf] k"j{:jLs[ltsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / To;/L k| fKt ePsf] lgj]bg cg';f/ gfd ;+ zf] wg ug{ sfof{ non] :jLs[lt lbPdf sDkgLsf] gfd ;+ zf]wg x'g]5 . -$_ klAns sDkgLsf] p2]Zodf ;+ zf] wg ul/Psf] s'/fdf lrQ ga'em]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;f] ;+ zf] wgnfO{ cdfGo 3f]lift u/fpg ;f] sDkgLsf] z] o/wgLn] cbfnt;dIf b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f u/L lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_
;+zf]wg jf kl/jt{g ug{ ;xdlt k|bfg ug]{ jf dt lbg] z]o/wgLx¿afx]s sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] sDtLdf kfF r k|ltzt z] o/ lng] z]o/wgL jf z]o/wgLx?n] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{,
-v_
sDkgLsf] p2]Zo ;+ zf]wg ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] PSsfO; lbgleq lgj]bg lbO;s]sf] x'g' kg]{,
-u_
lgj]bg lbg kfpg] clwsf/
ePsf
Ps jf PseGbf a9L z]o/wgLx¿sf
tkm{af6 s;}n] lgj]bg lbg' kbf{ ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu lnlvt ?kdf clwsf/ lbOPsf] JolQmn] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f, ldlt, ;do / :yfgsf] ;DaGwdf sDkgLnfO{ klg hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 eGg] af/]df cbfnt ;Gt'i6 geP;Dd ;f] lgj]bgpk/ ;'g'jfO{ x'g] 5}g . 13
t/ ;DalGwt sDkgLn] ;f] ;"rgf a'lem glnPsf] Joxf]/ f cbfnt;dIf k]z ePsf] sfuhftaf6 b]lvPdf cbfntaf6 ;'g'j fO{ x'g afwf kg]{ 5}g . -^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cbfntdf lgj]bg k/]sf]df cbfntaf6 ;f] ljifodf clGtd lg0f{o jf cfb]z geP;Dd sDkgLsf] p2] Zodf ul/Psf] ;+ zf] wg k|efjsf/L x'g] 5}g . -&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bgpk/ cbfntn] b]xfosf zt{ tyf cj:yfx? tf]s L pko'Qm cfb] z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] p2]Zodf ePsf] ;+ zf] wg k"0f{ jf cf+l zs ?kdf dfGo jf cdfGo 3f]lift ug{,
-v_
sDkgLsf] d"n p2]Zo kl/jt{g ug]{ s'/fdf c;xdt eO{ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg] z]o/wgLx¿n] lnPsf] z]o/ tyf cGo xs plrt d"N odf sDkgLn] vl/b ug{,
-u_
v08 -v_ adf]lhd z] o/ vl/b ubf{ bkmf ^! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] /sdaf6 ug{' kg{] / To:tf] /sd gx'g] sDkgLsf] xsdf sDkgLn] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L To;/L z] o/ vl/b u/]sf] xb;Dd z] o/ k"F hL 36fP;/x dflgg] u/L sDkgLsf] k"FhL 36fpg] cfb]z lbg] / To:tf] cfb] z ePsf]d f sDkgLn] cfˆgf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf o; P]gsf Joj:yfx?sf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ zf] wg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ of] P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntsf] cfb]z cg';f/ sDkgLsf] p2]Zo ;+ zf] wg ug{ sDkgLn] u/]sf] lg0f{ o k"0f{ jf cf+l zs ?kdf ab/ ug]{ cfb] z hf/L u/]sf] eP cbfntsf] cg'dlt ljgf jf cbfntsf] cfb] zljk/Lt x'g] u/L ;f] ljifodf sDkgLn] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -(_ cbfntsf] cfb]zaf6 sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] ePdf jf sDkgLn] u/]sf] ;+zf] wg k"0f{ jf cf+l zs ?kdf cbfntaf6 cg'df]bg ul/Psf] ePdf To:tf] kl/jt{g jf cg'df]bg sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 g} kl/jt{g jf cg'df]bg ePsf];/x dfgL nfu" ul/g]5 . @@= k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ klAns sDkgLn] cfˆgf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ Ohfht k|fKt u/]sf] tLg dlxgfleq k|s fzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ klAns sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf s'g} ;+ zf] wg ePdf To:tf] ;+ zf]wg ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq ;+zf]lwt k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd k|sfzg ul/Psf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnL klAns sDkgLn] ;/f]sf/jfnfåf/f dfu ePsf] avt pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] u/L sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nodf /fVg' kg]{5 . 14
@#= ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ klAns sDkgLn] cfˆgf] lwtf]kq ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug'{cufj} ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug'{cl3 sDkgLsf ;a} ;~rfnsx?n] ljj/0fkqdf ;xL 5fk u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu lwtf] kq;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lwtf] kq af]8{;dIf lnlvt ?kdf lgjb]g lbg' kg{]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lwtf]kq af]8{n] :jLs[t u/L ;fj{ hlgs lgisfzgsf] cg'dlt k|bfg u/L To:tf] ljj/0fkqsf] Ps k|lt sfof{nodf btf{ gu/fP;Dd s'g} klg sDkgLn] jf ;f] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} JolQmn] To:tf] sDkgLsf] ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljj/0fkqdf s'g} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f pNn] v ug{ 5' 6 ePsf] jf cgfjZos s'/f pNn] v ePsf] b]lvPdf lwtf] kq af]8{n] To:tf] ljj/0fkqdf sfg"gadf]lhd cfjZos ;+ zf]wg jf yk36 ug{ nufO{ k|sfzg ug{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k] z ePsf] ljj/0fkq lwtf]kq af]8{å f/f :jLs[t ePdf ;DalGwt sDkgLn] ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf lwtf] kq af]8{sf] :jLs[ltkqsf] k|ltlnlk;lxt sfof{ nonfO{ lbg]5 / ;f] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 sfof{ non] o; bkmfadf]lhd ljj/0fkq btf{ ug{]5 . t/ o; P]gdf Joj:yf ePsf s'g} s'/f kfngf gePsf] b]lvPdf sfof{ non] btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ sfof{ non] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd btf{ u/]sf] ljj/0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk s'g} klg JolQmn] dfu u/]df tf]lsPsf] z'Ns lnO{ lbg' kg{]5 . -&_ sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ubf{ ;f] ljj/0fkq lwtf] kq af]8{af6 :jLs[lt k| fKt u/]sf] / sfof{ nodf btf{ u/]sf] s'/f ldlt;d]t pNn] v u/L v' nfPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -*_ k|To]s ljj/0fkqsf] cfj/0f k[i7df To:tf] ljj/0fkq o; bkmfadf]lhd btf{ ePsf] / ;f] ljj/0fkqdf plNnlvt s'/fx¿sf ;DaGwdf lwtf] kq af]8{ jf sfof{ non] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug'{ gkg]{ s'/f;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . -(_ lwtf]kq af] 8{n] s'g} sDkgLsf] ljj/0fkq :jLs[t ug'{ cl3 ;DalGwt sDkgLn] o; P]gsf] Joj:yfsf] kfngf ePsf] ;DaGwdf lwtf] kq af] 8{;dIf pb\3f]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] ;DaGwdf lwtf]kq af]8{n] cfjZos b] v]df sfof{nosf] /fo lng ;Sg] 5 . -!)_ ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ubf{ k"/f ug'{ kg]{ cGo sfo{ljlw / ljj/0fkqdf v' nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx¿ lwtf] kq sf/f]a f/;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g]5 . @$= ljj/0fkqdf n]lvPsf] s'/fsf] hjfkmb]xL M -!_ bkmf @# adf]lhd k|sfzg ePsf] ljj/0fkqdf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿sf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] st{ Jo tyf bfloTj x'g]5 . 15
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0fkqdf pNn] v ePsf s'/fx¿sf] hjfkmb]xL ;f] ljj/0fkqdf ;xL5fk ug]{ ;~rfnsx¿sf] x'g]5 . -#_ ablgot;fy jf hfgfhfgL e"m§f s'/fx¿ pNn]v u/L ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ul/Psf] /x]5 / ;f] ljj/0fkqdf ljZjf; u/L lwtf] kq vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6 s'g} JolQmnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL x'g uPsf] /x] 5 eg] To;/L x'g uPsf] jf:tljs xflg gf] S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ ljj/0fkqdf ;xL5fk ug]{ ;~rfnsn] JolQmut ?kdf Joxf]g{' kg]{5 . t/ ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug]{ ljifodf sDkgLaf6 lg0f{o x'g'eGbf cufj} /fhLgfdf lbg] jf ljj/0fkqdf e"m§f s'/f n]lvPsf] yfxf kfO{ lwtf]kq laqmL jf afF8kmfF 8 x'g'cl3 g} ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf ;j{ ;fwf/0fn] yfxf kfpg] u/L k|sfzg ug]{ jf ljj/0fkqdf n]l vPsf] Joxf]/f unt xf] eGg] yfxf lyPg egL k|dfl0ft ug]{ ;~rfnsn] To:tf] Ifltk"lt{ Joxf]g'{ kg]{ 5}g . @%= k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{ M -!_ k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL, ljj/0fkq, jflif{s lx;fa / n]vfk/LIf0f jf ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg jf sDkgLn] sfof{ nodf k]z u/]sf] s'g} lnvtsf] k|ltlnlk s'g} z]o/wgL jf c? s'g} ;/f]sf/jfnfn] dfu u/]df ;DalGwt sDkgLn] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf] lnvtsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ 5 . t/ klAns sDkgLsf] eP hf] ;'s}n] klg dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt sDkgLaf6 To:tf lnvtx¿sf] k|ltlnlk pknAw gu/fPdf sfof{non] tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ cfk"m;Fu /x]s f] clen]vaf6 To:tf] lnvtx¿sf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg]5 . @^= sDkgLsf] 5fk / ;f]s f] k|of]u M -!_ cfˆgf] sf/f]a f/df 5fk k| of]u ug{ rfxg] sDkgLn] :ki6 b]lvg] cIf/df cfˆgf] gfdsf] 5fk agfpg' kg{] 5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] 5fk k|of]u ug]{ sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 k] z x'g] k|ltj]bg, clen] v tyf sDkgLsf] gfdaf6 k|of]u x'g] Jofkfl/skq, lx;falstfasf] ljj/0f, aLn, lahs, dfu cfb]z kmf/fd, s'g} ;"rgf tyf sDkgLsf cflwsfl/s k|sfzgx¿, ljlgd]o clwsf/kq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq / sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 ;xL ul/Psf jf hf/L ul/Psf cflwsfl/s lnvtx¿df k| of] u ug'{ kg{] 5 . -#_ s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 pkbkmf -@_ df pNn]v ePsf lnvtx¿df ;xL ubf{ sDkgLsf] gfd gv'nfPdf To:tf] JolQm g} ;f]s f] nflu JolQmut ?kdf hjfkmb]xL x'g]5 . kl/R5]b–$ z]o/ / l8a]~ r/ @&= z]o/sf] clÍt d"No / b/vf:t M -!_ k| fOe]6 sDkgLsf] z] o/sf] clÍt d"No lgodfjnLdf tf]s]adf]lhd x'g] 5 . 16
-@_ klAns sDkgLsf] z] o/sf] clÍt d"No k|lt z]o/ krf; ?k} ofF jf bz cÍn] efu hfg] ;f]eGbf a9L cÍn] x'g cfpg] u/L k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhdsf] /sd a/fa/ x'g]5 . -#_ klAns sDkgLn] z] o/ vl/bsf] nflu b/vf:t cfJxfg ubf{ k|lt z] o/sf] clÍt d"Nosf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L /sd b/vf:t;fy dfu ug'{ x'Fb}g . t/ sDtLdf tLg jif{cl3b]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf sDkgLn]
ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ubf{
cfˆgf] cl3Nnf] tLg jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] cfly{s ljj/0f k|sfzg u/L k"FhL p7fpFbf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . -$_ klAns sDkgLsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf b/vf:t lbg' kg]{5 . @*= z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 M -!_ klAns sDkgLn] z]o/ vl/bsf] nflu ;j{;fwf/0f;dIf b/vf:t cfJxfg u/]sf]df z]o/ lgisf;g aGb ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf tLg dlxgfleq z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 u/L z]o/wgLnfO{ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fF rfdf ;" rgf lbg' kg]{5 . t/ ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ul/Psf] z]o/sf] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt z] o/ vl/b ug]{ af/]df k|Tofe"lt ;Demf}t f gePsf] cj:yfdf ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ul/Psf]] hDdf z]o/sf] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt z] o/ laqmL x'g g;Sg] ePdf z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 ug{' x'Fb}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+ zdf plNnlvt sf/0fn] ubf{ ;f] pkbkmfdf plNnlvt Dofbleq z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 x'g g;s]sf] Joxf]/ f v'nfO{ sDkgLn] ;f] Dofb gf3]sf] ;ft lbgleq lgj]bg lbPdf sfof{ non] z]o/ afF8kmfF8sf] nflu tLg dlxgf;Ddsf] Dofb ylklbg]5 . o;/L Dofb yk ul/Psf] cjlwleq klg z]o/ afF8kmfF 8 x'g g;s]df To;/L afF8kmfF 8 x'g g;s]sf z] o/x? sDkgLn] jftf{ jf cGo s'g} tl/sfn] afF 8kmfF8 ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq klg z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 x'g g;s]df To:tf] Dofb e'Qmfg ePsf] lbgb]lv z] o/ vl/bafkt k|fKt /sd / To:tf] /sddf lkmtf{ a'emfpg] lbg;Ddsf] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] Aofh;d]t lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ /sd lkmtf{ ug{ gk'u ePdf gk'u eP hlt /sd ;+:yfksx¿n] JolQmut ?kdf Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{ e]befjk"0f{ tl/sfn] jf s'g } nufgLstf{nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] lgotn] afF8kmfF8 ePsf]df ;f] ljifodf s'g } nufgLstf{n] ;f]sf] sf/0f v' nfO{ ;f] ljifopk/ cbfnt;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 . -^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ph'/ L kg{ cfPdf sDkgLsf] s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] hfgL hfgL of] bkmfsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] jf To:tf] pNn+3g ug{ s;}nfO{ cg'dlt lbPsf] sf/0faf6 s'g } nufgLstf{nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x] 5 eg] ;f]sf] Ifltk"lt{ / d'2f dfldnfdf ePsf] 17
dgfl;a vr{ ;d]t To:tf] kbflwsf/Laf6 JolQmut ?kdf e/fpg] u/L cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . @(= lk|ldod d"Nosf] z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yf k"/f ug]{ s'g} sDkgLn] sfof{ nosf] k"j{:jLs[lt lnO{ lk|ldod d"Nosf] z] o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 M– -s_
nuftf/ tLg jif{;Dd sDkgL d'gfkmfdf ;~rfng eO{ nfef+ z ljt/0f u/]sf],
-v_
sDkgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTjeGbf v'b ;DklQ -g]6jy{_ a9L ePsf] ,
-u_
sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] lk|ldod d"N osf z]o/ hf/L ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lk|ldod d"Nodf z] o/ laqmL ePsf]df ;f]af6 k| fKt /sddWo] clÍt d"N oeGbfa9L /sd lk|ldod vftf vf] nL hDdf ug'{ kg{]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ sDkgLn] b]xfosf sfdsf] nflu k|of] u ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
hf/L gul/Psf] z] o/ k"FhLdWo]a f6 z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ k"0f{ d"N o r'Qmf ePsf] af]g; z]o/ afF8kmfF 8 u/L hf/L ug{,
-v_
lkmtf{ x'g] s'g} cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lkmtf{ ubf{ ltg'{ kg]{ lk|ldodsf] ;DaGwdf /sd Joj:yf ug{,
-u_
sDkgLn] u/]sf] k| f/lDes vr{ ldGxf ug{,
-3_
sDkgLsf] z]o/ hf/L ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] vr{ jf e'QmfgL ul/Psf] sldzg jf l8:sfp06 /sd Joxf]g{ jf zf]wegf{ ug{ .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lk|ldod d"Nosf] z] o/ hf/L ug{ sfof{nosf] :jLs[lt dfu ubf{ tLg jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] cfly{s ljj/0f sfof{ nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . #)= km/s clwsf/ ePsf z] o/ / To:tf z]o/wgLsf] clwsf/ M -!_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf u/L sDkgLn] km/s–km/s clwsf/ x'g] u/L ljleGg ju{sf z]o/x? hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 . -@_ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s s'g} vf; ju{s f z]o/wgLsf] clwsf/df s'g} x]/km]/ ug'{ k/]df ;DalGwt ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ 5 . t/ s'g} csf]{ ju{sf z]o/wgLx¿sf] xs clwsf/df k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} vf; ju{sf z] o/wgLx¿sf] clwsf/df x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd vf; ju{sf z] o/df /x]s f] clwsf/df x]/km]/ ug]{ ljifodf ePsf] lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'‰g]] ju{sf sDtLdf bz k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ z] o/wgLn] ;f] x]/ km]/ u/]sf] lg0f{o ab/ u/L kfpF egL cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] cGoyf lg0f{ o 18
jf cfb] z gu/];Dd To:tf] ju{sf z] o/wgLx?sf] clwsf/df x]/km]/ ug]{ af/]df ePsf] lg0f{o nfu" x'g] 5}g . -$_ vf; ju{sf z] o/df /x]sf] clwsf/ kl/jt{g ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] tL; lbgleq pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / ;f] Dofb Joltt geP;Dd pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -%_ ;DalGwt ju{sf z] o/wgLnfO{ k| fKt clwsf/ x]/km]/ ubf{ lgj]bs z]o/wgLx?sf] clxt x'g] b]lvPdf ;f] ju{sf z]o/wgLx?sf] clwsf/df x]/ km]/ ug]{ af/]df ul/Psf] lg0f{o cbfntn] ab/ ug{ ;Sg] 5 . -^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} vf; ju{sf z] o/wgLx?sf] clwsf/ x]/km]/ ug]{;DaGwL k|:tfj ;~rfns ;ldltn] ;DalGwt ju{sf z] o/wgLx?sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 / To:tf] k|: tfj ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ljz]if k|: tfjsf] ?kdf kfl/t ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -&_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg z] o/wgLsf] x}l ;otn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] sDkgL lghLs/0f;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ lghLs/0f ubf{ To:tf] sDkgLdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgL sfod /x] ;Dd b]xfosf] ljifodf lg0f{o ubf{ lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljz]if dtflwsf/ /xg ;Sg]5 M -s_
bkmf !)% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd xs 5fl8 lbg] k|:tfjpk/ lg0f{o ubf{ ,
#!=
-v_
sDkgLsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hL;DaGwL lg0f{ o ubf{ ,
-u_
sDkgLnfO{ csf]{ sDkgLdf ufEg] lg0f{ o ubf{ .
z]o/sf] ljj/0f sfof{nodf k7fpg] M -!_ sDkgLn] lgisfzg tyf afF 8kmfF8 ePsf] z]o/sf] lsQf, To;sf] hDdf /sd, ;f] z] o/ lng]sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / z] o/lkR5] c;" n ePsf] / c;"n x'g afFsL /sdsf] lx;fa z] o/ afF 8kmfF 8 ePsf] tL; lbgleq sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 . -@_ z]o/ afF8kmfF8 x'Fbf s'g} z]o/sf] d"No gubafx]s cGo tj/af6 k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf e'QmfgL ul/Psf] ePdf z] o/ afF8kmfF 8af6 ;f] z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmnfO{ z] o/ laqmL jf ;]jfsf] s/f/ jf cGo s] s:tf] s] k|ltkmnafkt z] o/ afF8kmfF8 ePsf] xf] ;f];DaGwL lnvt / afF8kmfF8 ul/Psf] z] o/ ;+ Vof tyf To:tf] z]o/sf] clÍt d"N o / slt xb;Dd z]o/sf] d"N o r'Qmf ePsf] dflgg] xf] ;f]sf] ljj/0f;d]t sDkgLn] sfof{ nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
#@= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ M -!_ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] cfˆgf] lwtf] kq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg ubf{ To:tf] lwtf] kq laqmL, afF8kmfF8, /sd c;"nL h:tf ;a} sfo{sf nflu sf/f]a f/ ug{ dfGotfk| fKt lwtf]kq Joj;foLdfk{mt dfq sf/f]af/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ klAns sDkgLn] s'g} ;+:yfdfk{mt lwtf] kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf u/]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] Ps k|lt To:tf] ;Demf} tf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq sfof{nodf lbg' kg]{5 . 19
##=
z]o/ k|d f0fkq M -!_ k|To]s z] o/wgLnfO{ lghn] lnPsf] z] o/afkt z] o/ afF8kmfF8 ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ dlxgfleq klAns sDkgL eP s'g} ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sDkgL ;lrjdWo] s'g} b'O{hgfsf] / k|fOe]6 sDkgL eP lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}t fdf plNnlvt JolQmsf] b:tvt / sDkgLsf] 5fk eP 5fk nufO{ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf z]o/ k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L JolQmx¿n] ;femf u/L lnPsf] z] o/afkt z]o/ k|d f0fkq lb+bf lghx¿sf] gfd k|df0fkqdfhgfO{ ;f]dWo] s;}nfO{ z] o/ k|d f0fkq lbg ;lsg]5 . t/ z]o/wgLsf] btf{lstfadf eg] ;a} z]o/wgLsf] gfd hgfpg' kg]{ 5 . -#_ z]o/ k|df0fkq x/fPdf, b}jL k/L jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] gi6 ePdf z]o/wgLn] To;/L z]o/ k|df0fkq x/fPsf] , b}jL k/L jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] gi6 ePsf] yfxf x'gf;fy sDkgLsf]] /lhi68{ sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf sDkgLn] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;a} s'/f a'emL lgj]bgdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvP k|ltlnlkafkt lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ lgj]bsnfO{ csf]{ z] o/ k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 / ;f] s'/f z]o/wgLsf] btf{lstfadf klg hgfO{ /fVg' kg]{ 5 . -%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;"rLs[t sDkgLn] lwtf] kq lgIf]k ;]jf k|bfg ug{ k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd clwsf/k| fKt lwtf]kq /lhi6«f/nfO{ bkmf $^ sf] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd btf{lstfa /fVg nufPsf] eP z] o/wgLnfO{ z] o/ k|df0fkqsf] ;§f lwtf]kq lgIf]k kf;a's jf lgh z] o/wgL ePsf] k|d fl0ft ug]{ cGo s'g} k|d f0fkq lbg] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 . -^_ s'g} z] o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfn] wf/0f u/]sf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] ;+Vof v' nfO{ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] clwsf/k|fKt kbflwsf/Lsf] ;xL / sDkgLn] 5fk k| of] u ug]{ eP ;f] k| of]u u/L hf/L u/]sf] k|d f0fkq To:tf] z] o/ jf l8a]~r/pk/ lghsf] :jfldTjsf] k| f/lDes k|df0f x'g]5 . -&_ s'g} sDkgLn] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd Ohfhtk| fKt lwtf] kq sf/f]a f/ ug]{ ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglwnfO{ s'g} z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ afF8kmfF 8 u/]sf] jf To:tf] z] o/ jf l8a]~ r/ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] eP To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
#$= C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg] M -!_ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg cfjZos 7fg]df To;sf] sf/0f, To;af6 ;DkGg x'g] sfo{ of]hgf / To;sf] nflu cfjZos ah]6;d]t lgwf{/0f u/L sDkgLsf] crn hfoh]yf lwtf] jf aGws /fvL jf g/fvL C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;Sg] 5 . t/ sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ :jLs[lt lnO{ cfˆgf] hf/L k"FhL k"0f{? kdf r'Qmf geP;Dd l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g . 20
-@_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLn] cl3Nnf ;fx"x¿nfO{ n]lvlbPsf] ;'/If0fn] vfd] ;Dd ;f] xL ;'/If0f /fvL cl3sf] ;fx" / y}nL;d]t ;a} :ki6 b]vfO{ c? C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLn] lnP jf lbPsf] C0fsf] zt{, efvf / Aofh;DaGwL s'/fx¿ ;fx" / cf;fdLsf aLrdf ePsf] lnvt jf s/f/adf]lhd x'g]5 . -$_ sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f;lxtsf] hfgsf/L sfof{ nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . #%= l8a]~r/ p7fpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ klAns sDkgLn] o; P]gadf]lhd l8a]~ r/ lgisfzg ubf{ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] Joj:yf u/L l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] l8a]~r/ 6«i6L lwtf]kq af]8{af6 :jLs[ltk| fKt l8a]~r/ 6«i6L x'g' kg]{5 . -@_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6L /fvL l8a]~ r/ lgisfzg ubf{ ;fx" cf;fdL;DaGwL s'/f To:tf] 6«i6L / sDkgLaLr x'g] ;Demf}t fdf pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g]5 . -#_ l8a]~r/ z]o/df kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] jf l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ug'{cl3 g} ;f] zt{ pNn] v ul/Psf] eP z] o/ k"FhL;DaGwL o; P]gsf k|fjwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} l8a]~r/ z] o/df kl/0ft ug{ ;lsg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd l8a]~r/ z] o/df kl/0ft ul/g] eP ;f] s'/f ljj/0fkqdf :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . -%_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} klAns sDkgLn] lgisfzg u/]sf] l8a]~r/ vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf sDkgL / s'g} JolQmaLr ;DkGg s/f/sf] kl/kfngf u/fpgsf] nflu cbfntn] cfjZos 7fg]df oyfjt\ kl/kfngfsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . #^=
l8a]~r/ 6«i6L / sDkgLaLr ;Demf}tf x'g' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} sDkgLn] p7fpg] l8a]~r/sf ;DaGwdf l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ug]{ sDkgL / l8a]~r/jfnfx¿sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{ 6«i6Lsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ l8a]~r/ 6«i6LaLr ;Demf}tf x'g' kg]{ 5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ubf{ To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf b]xfosf s'/fx¿ v'nfpg' kg]{5 M– -s_
l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] sDkgLsf] ;DklQsf] d"NofÍg, kl/of]hgf ljZn]if0f jf Joj:yfkg ljZn]if0f ug{ u/fpg ;Sg] s'/f,
-v_
l8a]~r/jfnfn] vl/b u/]sf] l8a]~r/sf] ;fjfF / Aofh e' QmfgL ug]{ ;do, Aofh b/, ;fF jf Aofh e'QmfgL ug]{ k| lqmof / l8a]~r/nfO{ z]o /df kl/0ft ug]{ Joj:yf eP tT;DaGwL s' /f, 21
-u_
sDkgLsf] hfoh]yfdf c? ;fx"sf] xs / eljiodf pTkGg x'g] bfloTjsf ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf;DaGwL s'/f,
-3_
;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{ x¿ pNn+3g ePdf jf k"/f gu/]df jf cGo s'g} dgfl;j sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{ ePdf jf ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] lwtf] sAhfdf lng' kg]{ ePdf l8a]~ r/ 6«i6Ln] To:tf] sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf jf ;DklQ jf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] lwtf] hdfgtdf lnPsf] ;DklQ cfˆgf] sAhfdf lng ;Sg] jf lwtf] hdfgt cfkm}n] /fVg jf lnnfd a9fa9 jf cGo pko'Qm tl/sfn] laqmL ug{ ;Sg] s'/f,
-ª_
l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] ;]j f z'Ns tyf cGo k| ToIf vr{ x¿ sDkgLn] e'Qmfg ug'{ kg]{ k|lqmof;DaGwL s'/f,
-r_
l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] x}l ;otn] sfo{ ubf{ sDkgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfnfO{ s'g} xflg gf]S;fgL jf 3f6f ePdf lhDd]jf/L jxg gug]{ s'/f,
-5_
sDkgL lj36g ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf pTkGg ePdf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~ r/jfnfsf] tkm{af6 ug{ ;Sg] sfg"gL sf/afxL / l8a]~ r/jfnfsf] clwsf/ k| of]u ug]{ s'/f,
-h_
l8a]~r/jfnfsf] lxt ;+/If0f;DaGwL cfjZos cGo s'/f .
-#_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/jfnfsf] lxt ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf ;'/If0f:j?k lng / To:tf] ;'/If0f k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd cfˆgf] gfddf kfl/t u/fO{ /fVg ;Sg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;'/If0f lng' cl3 l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] cfjZos 7fg]df ;'/If0fdf lnOg] ;DklQ jf hfoh]yfsf] d"NofÍg tyf sDkgLsf] kl/of]hgf ljZn]if0f jf Joj:yfkg ljZn]if0f;d]t ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -%_ o; bkmfadf]lhd l8a]~ r/ 6«i6L / sDkgLsf] aLrdf ;Demf}tf eO;s]kl5 To:tf] sDkgLn] yk l8a]~r/ p7fpg] ePdf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . #&= l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] hfF ra'em ug{ / ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg] M l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] ?kdf sfd ug{ sDkgL;F u ;Demf}tf ug'{cl3 b] xfosf ljifodf cfjZos hfFra'em ug{ / ljj/0f, ;" rgf jf hfgsf/L lng jf dfu ug{ ;Sg] 5 / To;/L dfu ePdf ;DalGwt sDkgLn] ;f] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ 5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf C0f jf l8a]~r/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 jf 5}g / To:tf] Joj:yf ePdf To;/L l8a]~r/ p7fpg] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ ;f] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ 5 jf 5}g,
-v_
sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLadf]lhd l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ldfk{mt l8a]~ r/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 jf 5}g, 22
-u_
sDkgLsf] df}h'bf hfoh]yfn] p7fpg] l8a]~ r/sf] d"No vfDg ;Sg] l:ylt 5 jf 5}g,
-3_
sDkgLsf cGo ;fx" tyf bfloTjx¿;DaGwL ljifo,
-ª_
sDkgLsf] jf;nft tyf n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-r_
l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos ljifo .
#*= sDkgLn]
l8a]~r/
6«i6L;dIf
cfjlws
ljj/0f
k] z
ug'{
kg]{
M
-!_ bkmf #^ adf]lhd sDkgL / l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] aLrdf ;Demf}t f eP kl5 sDkgLn] k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf cfly{s sf/f]af/;DaGwL cfˆgf] ljj/0f l8a]~ r/ 6«i6L;dIf k] z ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -@_ l8a]~r/ p7fO ;s]kl5 sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf kl/jt{g ePdf jf :jfldTjdf s'g } lsl;dsf] kl/jt{g ePdf To;/L kl/jt{g ePsf] ;ft lbgleq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L sDkgLn] l8a]~r/ 6«i6LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] k]z u/]sf] ljj/0f jf hfgsf/Lsf] cltl/Qm s'g} ljifodf yk ljj/0f, hfgsf/L jf ;" rgf cfjZos k/]df l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] sDkgLaf6 To:tf] ljj/0f, hfgsf/L jf ;" rgf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L dfu u/]sf] ljj/0f, hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf l8a]~ r/ 6«i6LnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' sDkgLsf] st{Jo x'g] 5 . #(= l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] clwsf/ / bfloTj M -!_ sDkgLn] bkmf #^ adf]lhd ePsf] ;Demf}t fdf plNnlvt s'g} zt{ pNn+3g u/]df l8a]~ r/ 6«i6Ln] To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ ;f] zt{ oyfzL3| k"/f ug{ jf lglZrt Dofb tf]sL l8a]~ r/jfnfsf] ;fFjf Aofh lkmtf{ ug{ dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ u/]sf] sf/0faf6 jf cGo dgfl;j sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] cfly{s sf/f]a f/ lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{ jf ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] lwtf] sAhfdf lng' kg]{ ePdf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] k| rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf, ;DklQ jf lwtf] kq cfˆgf] sAhfdf lng ;Sg]5 / To;/L sAhfdf lnPsf] hfoh]yf jf ;DklQ cfkm} n] /fVg jf lnnfd a9fa9 u/L jf gu/L laqmL ug{ jf cGo pko'Qm Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf sAhf u/]kl5 hfoh]yf laqmLaf6 p7]s f] /sdaf6 l8a]~r/jfnfsf] /sd e'QmfgL ul/g]5 . l8a]~r/jfnfsf] /sd e'QmfgL u/L s'g} /sd afFsL /x]d f ;f] /sd l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] lwtf] lnPsf] hfoh]yf l8a]~r/ 6«i6L cfkm}n] ;sf/L lnPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s l8a]~ r/ 6«i6Ln] lwtf] jf sAhfdf lnO{ laqmL u/]sf] ;DklQaf6 p7]sf] /sdaf6 l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd r'Qmf x'g g;Sg] ePdf l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~r/jfnfnfO{ bfdf;fxLsf] lx;faaf6 /sd e'QmfgL ug]{5 / l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] ;DklQaf6 To:tf] gk'u /sd Joxf]l/g] 5}g .
23
-%_ s'g} l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~ r/ wgLsf] lxtdf sfd ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f b] vfO{ To:tf] l8a]~r/ 6«i6L x6fO{ kfpg krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L] l8a]~r/ lnPsf] l8a]~r/ wgLn] lwtf]kq af]8{;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . -^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg hfFra'em ubf{ Joxf]/f dgfl;j b]lvPdf lwtf] kq af]8{n] To:tf] l8a]~r/ 6«i6LnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{] l8a]~r/ 6«i6Lsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 . $)= l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] ;]j f z'Ns lng] M -!_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~ r/ 6«i6Lsf] x}l;otdf sfd u/]afkt sDkgL;Fu ;]j f z'Ns lng ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ;]j f z'Nssf] /sd l8a]~r/ 6«i6L / ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] aLrdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd x'g] 5 . -@_ l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~ r/jfnf jf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} sfd ubf{, sDkgLsf] hfoh]yfsf] d"NofÍg ubf{, sAhf ubf{ jf lnnfd laqmL ubf{ nfu]sf] jf:tljs vr{ ;DalGwt sDkgL;Fu c;" n u/L lng ;Sg]5 . $!= l8a]~r/ 6«i6LnfO{ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] clwsf/ x'g] M -!_ l8a]~r/ p7fpg] sDkgL lj36g ePdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] To:tf] sDkgL bfdf;fxLdf k/]d f l8a]~r/ 6«i6Ln] l8a]~ r/jfnfsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{5 . -@_ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;fFjf Aofh lkmtf{sf] nflu jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 l8a]~r/jfnfsf] tkm{af6 d'2 f ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf k/]df l8a]~ r/ 6«i6LnfO{ l8a]~r/jfnfsf] tkm{af6 d'2f ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . $@= z]o/
jf
l8a]~r/
laqmL
ug{
jf
lwtf]aGws
/fVg
;lsg]
M
-!_ o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ rn ;DklQ;/x laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;lsg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cGo s'g} sDkgLaf6 C0f glnPsf] k|fOe]6 sDkgLafx]s cGo sDkgLsf] ;+:yfksn] sDkgLsf] k|yd ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd / lghsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] z] o/sf] dfu /sd k"/f r'Qmf gu/] ;Dd cfk"mn] lnPsf] z] o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg kfpg] 5}g . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/ lwtf]aGws lbPsf]df ;f] Joxf]/ f btf{lstfadf hgfpgsf] lgldQ lwtf]aGws lng]n] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/;lxt sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L lbOg] lgj]bg;fy lgj]bsn] lwtf]aGws;Fu ;DalGwt lnvt / z] o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] k|d f0fkq;d]t k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df sDkgLn] To;/L z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ lwtf]aGws lbP lnPsf] Joxf]/ f btf{lstfadf hgfpg' kg]{5 / To;/L lwtf]aGws /fv]sf] z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/ lgvg]sf] hgfp kfPkl5 To:tf] lwtf] aGwsLsf] nut btf{lstfaaf6 s§f ug'{ kg]{5 . 24
$#= z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ bflvn vf/]h ug]{ M -!_ bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf cwLgdf /xL z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ laqmL ePsf]df ;f] vl/b u/L lng] JolQmn] To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] bflvn vf/]h ug{sf] lgldQ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L lbOg] lgj]bg ;fy lgj]bsn] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b laqmL;Fu ;DalGwt lnvt / z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/sf] k|df0fkq;d]t k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df sDkgLn] lgj]bg k/]sf] kGw| lbgleq btf{lstfadf ;flas z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] gfd vf/]h u/L xfnjfnfsf] gfd btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lwtf] kq sf/f]af/;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf sDkgLsf] z] o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ x:tfGt/0f;DaGwL lnvtsf] cfjZostf gkg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] eP ;f] cg';f/ lgj]bg lb+bf To:tf] lnvt k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . -$_ s'g} lwtf]kq x:tfGt/0f u/L lbg]n] s'g} z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/ x:tfGt/0fsf] Joxf]/ f hgfO{ kfpF egL z]o/ vl/b laqmL ;DaGwdf vl/bstf{sf] ;lx5fk ePsf] lnvt;d]t ;+ nUg u/L lgj]bg lbPdf klg sDkgLn] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ x:tfGt/0f u/L lng] n] g} lgj]bg lbPsf] ;/x dfgL z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ x:tfGt/0f u/L lng]sf] gfd z]o/wgL btf{lstfa jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{lstfadf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf ul/Psf] cGo s'g} Joj:yf cg';f/ s'g} z] o/ jf l8a]~ r/df s'g } JolQmsf] xs sfod eO{ cfPdf To:tf] JolQmsf] gfd z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ?kdf btf{ ug{ pkbkmf -!_ df ul/Psf] Joj:yfn] sDkgLnfO{ /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g . $$= z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf $@ jf $# df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf sDkgLn] z]o/ lwtf]aGws /flvPsf] s'/f btf{lstfadf hgfpg jf vl/b laqmL ePsf]df z] o/ jf l8a]~ r/sf] bflvn vf/]h u/L lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
z]o/afktsf] dfu /sd e'Qmfg gul/Psf] ePdf,
-v_
bflvn vf/]h ubf{ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnL jf z] o/wgLx?aLr ePsf] ;Demf}t fsf] ljk/Lt x'g] ePdf,
-u_
x:tfGt/0f b:t'/ lgj]bg ;fy k] z x'g gcfPdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lwtf]aGws /x]sf] s'/f btf{lstfadf hgfpg jf z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ bflvn vf/]h ug{ OGsf/ ubf{ sDkgLn] lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq To;sf] ;" rgf z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ lwtf]aGws jf vl/b laqmL u/L lng] lbg] b'j}nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . 25
$%= z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/ bflvn vf/]h x'g] cGo cj:yf M s'g} z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnf d/L jf lghn] cfˆgf] hfoh]yf ;fx"nfO{ bfdf;fxL u/fO{ jf c? s'g} Joxf]/ fn] lghsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd c? s;}sf] xs x'g cfPdf ;f] s'/fsf] ;a'b k|df0f ;fy To;/L xs k|fKt ug]{ jf xs sfod eO{ cfPsf] JolQmn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/;lxt sDkgLdf lgj]bg lbPdf sDkgLn] To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/ lghsf] gfddf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbg' kg]{5 . t/ To;/L xs sfod eO{ cfPsf] xsjfnfsf] gfddf z]o/ x:tfGt/0f eO{ g;s]sf] eP tfklg ;fljs z] o/wgLsf] gfdsf] z] o/ tyf ;f] ;DaGwL lghsf] cGo xssf] x:tfGt/0fsf] lnvt k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd sfod x'g cfPsf] lghsf] xsbf/n] ul/lbPsf] ePdf To:tf] xsjfnfsf] gfddf ;f] z]o/ x:tfGt/0f eO{ ;s]sf] dfgL To:tf] x:tfGt/0f /Ltk" j{s ePsf] dflgg]5 . $^= z]o/wgL / l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{lstfa M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf z] o/wgLsf] btf{lstfa / l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{lstfa v8f u/L sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nodf /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] z] o/wgLsf] btf{lstfadf z] o/sf] qmd;+Vof cg';f/ k|To]s z]o/wgLsf] ;DaGwdf b] xfosf s'/f v'nfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 M– -s_
z]o/wgLsf] k"/ f gfd / 7]u fgf,
-v_
z]o/wgLn] lnPsf] z] o/ ;+ Vof,
-u_
z]o/wgLn] z] o/afkt r'Qmf u/]sf] hDdf /sd / r'Qmf ug{ afFs L /sd,
-3_
z]o/wgLsf] ?kdf lghsf] gfd btf{ ePsf] ldlt,
-ª_
z]o/wgLsf] gfd vf/]h ePsf] ldlt,
-r_
z]o/wgLsf] z]ifkl5 z]o/df xs nfUg] u/L s'g} JolQmnfO{ OR5fOPsf] eP To:tf] JolQmsf] gfd / 7]u fgf .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{lstfadf l8a]~r/sf] qmd;+Vof cg';f/ k|To]s l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/fx¿ v'nfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 M– -s_
l8a]~r/jfnfsf] k"/f gfd / 7]u fgf,
-v_
l8a]~r/jfnfn] lnPsf] l8a]~r/ ;+Vof,
-u_
l8a]~r/jfnfn] l8a]~r/afkt r'Qmf u/]sf] hDdf /sd / r'Qmf ug{ afFsL /sd,
-3_
l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ?kdf lghsf] gfd btf{ ePsf] ldlt,
-ª_
l8a]~r/jfnfsf] gfd vf/]h ePsf] ldlt,
-r_
l8a]~r/jfnfsf] z]ifkl5 l8a]~r/df xs nfUg] u/L s'g} JolQmnfO{ OR5fOPsf] eP To:tf] JolQmsf] gfd / 7]ufgf . 26
-$_ sDkgLsf] z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v8f u/]sf] btf{lstfa lg/LIf0f ug{ rfx]d f sDkgLn] lg/LIf0f ug{ lbg' kg]{5 . t/ klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf /fli6«o:t/sf] klqsfdf ;ft lbg cufj} ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L / k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}t fdf pNn] v ePadf]lhd Ps jif{d f k}+tfnL; lbgdf ga9fO{ Psk6sdf a9Ldf tL; lbg;Dd btf{lstfasf] lg/LIf0f aGb ug{ ;lsg]5 . -%_ s;}n] z]o/wgLsf] btf{lstfasf] k|ltlnlk lng rfx]d f pkbkmf -$_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+ zadf]lhd lg/LIf0f aGb ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] / k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf] b:t'/ lnO{ k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 . -^_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;" rLs[t sDkgLn] lwtf] kq lgIf]k ;]jf k|bfg ug{ k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd dfGotfk| fKt lwtf]kq /lhi6« f/nfO{ btf{lstfa /fVg nufpg ;Sg] 5 . To;/L /flvPsf] btf{lstfasf] Ps k|lt k| To]s jif{ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g] ;"rgf ug'{eGbf cl3 sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 . ;f] btf{lstfadf pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ df plNnlvt s'/fx¿ v' nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -&_ pkbkmf -^_ cg';f/ /flvPsf] btf{lstfadf s;}sf] xs lxtdf c;/ kg]{ u/L e"m§f s'/f clen]v u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf] lwtf] kq /lhi6«f/, lghsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ bkmf !^) df plNnlvt b08 hl/afgfsf cltl/Qm e"m§f clen]v /flvPsf] sf/0faf6 k'Ug uPsf] xflg gf]S;fgL;d]t ;DalGwt kIfn] e/fO{ lng kfpg]5 . $&= z]o/df /x]sf] xs;DaGwL hfgsf/L M -!_ s'g} sDkgLsf] s'g} z]o/wgLn] lghsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] k" 0f{ dtflwsf/k|fKt z] o/x¿ lghn] s'g x}l ;otdf k|fKt u/]sf] xf] jf To:tf] z] o/wgLsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] z]o/df c? s'g} JolQmsf] nufgL /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] jf To:tf] z] o/df c? s'g} JolQm lxtu| fxL -a]g]lkmz/L_ eP To:tf] JolQmsf] klxrfg / lghsf] xssf] k|s[ltsf] af/]df sDkgLn] hfgsf/L dfu u/]df tL; lbgleq sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' To:tf] z] o/wgLsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd dfu ePsf] hfgsf/L sDkgLnfO{ k| fKt ePkl5 To:tf] hfgsf/L dfu ePsf] ldlt, hfgsf/L k| fKt ePsf] ldlt / k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt z]o/wgLsf] gfdsf] ;F u} z] o/ btf{lstfadf clen] v u/L ;ft lbgleq ;f];DaGwL hfgsf/L sfof{ nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . $*= z]o/wgLsf] 7]u fgf M -!_ cGoyf ;" rgf u/L x]/km]/ ul/Psf]df afx]s z]o/wgL btf{lstfadf pNn]v ul/Psf] z] o/wgLsf] 7] ufgf lghsf] jf:tljs 7]u fgf dflgg]5 . 27
-@_ z]o/wgLsf] 7] ufgf kl/jt{g ePdf kl/jt{g x'g] ljlQs} gofF 7]ufgfsf] ;"rgf lnlvt ?kdf sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nodf lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 ;~rfns jf sDkgL ;lrjn] z]o/wgLsf] btf{lstfadf ;f]adf]lhd kl/jt{g ePsf] 7]u fgf pNn]v ul//fVg' kg]{ 5 . -$_ z]o/wgLn] pknAw u/fPsf] 7]u fgfdf ;"rgf k7fP kl5 cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePsf]d f afx]s o; P]gadf]lhd sDkgLn] z] o/wgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ;" rgf /Ltk"j{s k7fPsf] / ;DalGwt z] o/wgLn] k| fKt u/]sf] dflgg]5 . $(= z]o/wgLsf] ;" rL M -!_ z] o/wgL btf{lstfaaf6 g} z] o/wgLx?sf] gfdsf] ;"rL -OG8] S;_ :ki6 x'g] lsl;dn] btf{ lstfa v8f ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s krf;hgfeGbf a9L z] o/wgL ePsf] k|To]s sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z] o/wgLsf] gfdfjnLsf] Pp6f 5'§} ;"rL -OG8] S;_ tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ z]o/wgLsf] btf{lstfadf s'g} kl/jt{g ul/Pdf ;f] kl/jt{g ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tof/ kfl/Psf] ;" rLdf;d]t cfjZos kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -#_ z]o/wgLsf] btf{lstfaaf6 ;a} z]o/wgLsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos hfgsf/L ;lhn};Fu kfpg ;Sg] u/L z] o/wgLsf] ;" rL /fVg' kg]{5 . -$_ z]o/wgLx?sf] gfdsf] ;" rL z] o/wgL btf{lstfa;fy /fVg' kg]{5 . -%_ s'g} sDkgLn] o; bkmfsf] kfngf gu/]df o; P]gsf] kfngf gePsf] dflgg]5 . %)= cfwf/e"t z] o/wgLx? M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmn] cfˆgf] gfddf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwdfk{mt z]o/ lnPsf] s'g} klAns sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] kF fr k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L k"0 f{ dtflwsf/ ePsf] ;fwf/0f z]o/ lnPsf] eP To:tf] sDkgLdf lghsf] cfwf/e"t z] o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] dflgg]5 . t/ kRrL; s/f]8 ?k} ofFe Gbf a9L r'Qmf k"F hL ePsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] s'n r'Qmf k"FhLsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z] o/ lnPsf] eP klg cfwf/e"t z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] dflgg]5 . -@_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLn] cfk"m ;f] sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] tL; lbgleq cfˆgf] gfd, 7]u fgf v'nfO{ cfˆgf] gfddf jf k|ltlglwsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] z] o/sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f;d]t v' nfO{ sDkgLnfO{ ;" rgf lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ s'g} JolQm s'g} klAns sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z] o/wgL sfod g/x]df ;f] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq cfˆgf] gfd v'nfO{ cfk"m ;f] sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLsf] x}l;otdf sfod g/x]sf] ldlt / cGo ljj/0fx¿ tyf s] sf/0fn] cfwf/e"t z] o/wgLsf] x}l;ot g/x]sf] xf] ;f] ;d]t v'nfO{ sDkgLnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . 28
-$_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ sf] k| of] hgsf] nflu Pp6f 5'§ } btf{lstfa v8f ug'{ kg]{5 . %!= z]o/, l8a]~ r/ / C0fsf] nut M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] ∝=== jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf tL; lbgcl3;Dd tTsfn sfod /x]sf / vf/]h ePsf z]o/wgL / l8a]~r/jfnfx¿sf] nut tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nutdf cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fx¿;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] clws[t k"FhL / z] o/sf] ;+Vof,
-v_
sDkgLsf] hf/L z] o/ k"FhL,
-u_
sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"F hL,
-3_
z]o/lkR5] dfu ePsf] /sd,
-ª_
ls:tf c;"n ePsf] hDdf /sd,
-r_
c;" n x'g afFsL /x]sf] hDdf /sd,
-5_
z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/df bnfnL b:t'/afkt lbPsf] hDdf /sd,
-h_
s'g} z]o/ hkmt ul/Psf]df To:tf] z] o/sf] hDdf ;+ Vof, hkmt ePsf] sf/0f / ldlt,
-em_ a}Í, ljQLo ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} JolQmaf6 lnPsf] C0f jf sDkgLn] lbPsf] hdfgt, -`_
axfnjfnf ;~rfnssf] gfd / 7] ufgf .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nut sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq / jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ sDkgL eP k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfosf] :jLs[lt rflxg] sf/f]af/ ug]{ eP To:tf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] / :jLs[lt grflxg] eP btf{ ePsf] Ps jif{leq sDtLdf Pshgf ;~rfnsn] ;xL u/L sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 / pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Psk6s nut k] z ul/;s]kl5 ;f] nutdf s'g} x]/km]/ ePdf To:tf] x]/km]/sf] Joxf]/f dfq k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 . -$_ ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ sDkgLsf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nutdf s'g} x]/km]/ ePdf To;/L x]/km]/ ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq ;f]sf] ljj/0f sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
∝
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ 4f/f lemlsPsf] . 29
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} sDkgLn] bkmf &* adf]lhd k]z ug{' kg]{ k|ltj]bgdf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf ljj/0fx?;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] eP To:tf] sDkgLn] o; bkmfadf]lhd 5'§} nut sfof{ nodf k7fpg' kg]{ 5}g . %@= z]o/df bfaL M z] o/wgLx¿n] sDkgLnfO{ ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] z] o/sf] /sd jf sfg"gadf]lhd sDkgLnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ afFsL /sdafkt lghx¿sf gfddf btf{ ePsf] z] o/ / ;f]a fkt afFl8g] nfef+ z;d]t sDkgLn] /f] Ssf ug{ / To:tf] /sd nfef+zaf6 s§f u/L lng ;Sg]5 . %#=
z]o/afktsf] /sdsf] e'QmfgL M -!_ z]o/afktsf] /sd lgodfjnLadf]lhd dfu ul/Psf] cjlwleq e'Qmfg u/L r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] ls:tf dfu ubf{ k|To]s z] o/wgLsf] gfddf a'emfpg' kg]{ ls:tf /sd, ;do / :yfg vf]nL sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lnlvt ;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{5 . klAns sDkgLn] To:tf] ;"rgf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf;d]t sDtLdf tLgk6s k|s fzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ s'g} z]o/wgLn] z] o/afkt e'Qmfg ug{' kg]{ ?k}ofF pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt cjlwleq e'Qmfg gu/]df ;f] cjlw gf3]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfsf] yk cjlw lbO{ ;f] cjlwleq a'emfpg NofPdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b/n] Aofh;d]t nufO{ a'lemlng] / ;f] cjlwleq klg a'emfpg gNofP lghsf] z] o/ hkmt x'g] s'/f :ki6 vf] nL ;DalGwt z] o/wgLnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . klAns sDkgLsf xsdf To:tf] ;"rgf /fli6« o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf sDtLdf tLgk6s k|sfzg u/fpg' kg]{ 5 . ;f]adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfsf] Dofbdf klg ls:tf ga'emfPdf sDkgLn] h'g z]o/sf] ;DaGwdf ;f] ;" rgf lbPsf] xf] ;f] z]o/afkt e'Qmfg ePsf] /sd jf ;f] z]o/afkt s'g} nfef+ z /f]Ssf ePsf] /x] 5 eg] ;f] /sd;d]t n] vfd]hlt ;+ Vofsf] z] o/ lghsf] gfddf sfod /fvL afFsL z] o/ jf ;Dk"0 f{ z] o/ hkmt ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ z]o/ hkmt ug'{cl3 sDkgL vf/]hL jf bfdf;fxLdf kl/;s]sf] /x]5 eg] hkmt x'g ;Sg] z]o/afkt a'emfpg afFsL /sd k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd C0f;/x c;"n ug{ ;lsg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd z] o/ hkmt ePsf]d f ;~rfns ;ldltn] To;/L hkmt ePsf z]o/afkt e'QmfgL eO;s]sf] /sd / To:tf z] o/afkt s'g} nfef+ z /f]Ssf ePsf] /x] 5 eg] ;f] a/fa/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ug{ jf ;f] /sdn] vfd] ;Ddsf] z] o/ lbg ;Sg]5 / /sd lkmtf{ ug]{ ePdf z]o/ hkmt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq /sd lkmtf{ ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd tLg dlxgfleq /sd lkmtf{ gu/]df ;f] cjlw gf3]kl5 ;f] /sddf nfUg] Jofh;d] t lbg' kg]{5 . -^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd hkmt ul/Psf] z] o/ lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL ;~rfns ;ldltn] dgfl;a 7x/fPsf] lsl;daf6 laqmL ug{ jf vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 . 30
-&_ nuftf/ tLg jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L d'gfkmfdf ;~rfng ePsf] sDkgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L e'QmfgL dfu gePsf] cfˆgf] z] o/ k"FhLsf] s] xL c+ z sDkgL vf/]h x'Fbf jf bfdf;fxLdf uPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s e'QmfgL dfu ug{ gkfpg] u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -*_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ePkl5 ;f] k|:tfjdf pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] e'QmfgL dfu ug{ afFsL z] o/ k"FhLsf] /sd ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 k'gM csf]{ ljz]i f k|:tfj kfl/t u/L dfu ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf]df afx]s sDkgL vf/]h x'Fbf jf bfdf;fxLdf uPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s dfu ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . %$= ;femf u/L lnPsf] z] o/sf] /sd r'Qmf ug]{ M -!_ ;femf u/L lnPsf] z]o/sf] ls:tf /sd k|To]s ;fem]bf/n] cfˆgf] :jfldTjsf] cg'kftdf a'emfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnPsf] z] o/df o;sf] olt efu 5 eGg] /Ltk"j{ssf] lnvt ePsf]df afx]s hlthgfsf] gfddf z]o/ /x]sf] 5 plthgfsf] gfddf a/fa/ lx:;f /x]s f] dflgg]5 . %%= z]o/ l8a]~r/df xsbf/ dflgg] M s'g} sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z] o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] :jfldTjsf] ljifodf ljjfb pTkGg ePdf cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePsf]df afx]s sDkgLn] v8f u/]sf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] btf{lstfadf h;sf] gfd btf{ ePsf] 5 lgh g} To:tf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] xsbf/ ePsf] dflgg]5 . %^= z]o/ k"F hL x]/km]/ ug]{ sDkgLsf] clwsf/ M -!_ lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L s'g} sDkgLn] b]xfo adf]lhd cfˆgf] z] o/ k"F hL x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
sDkgLn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] /sdsf] gofF z] o/ l;h{gf u/L sDkgLsf] clws[t z]o/ k"FhLdf j[l4 u/]/,
-v_
sDkgLsf] ;a} jf s]xL z] o/ k"FhLnfO{ clÍt d"NoeGbf a9L jf 36L d"Nosf] z]o/df PsLs[t jf ljefhg u/]/,
-u_
k|:tfj kfl/t x'Fbfsf lbg;Dd s;}n] klg glnPsf] jf z]o/ lng d~h'/ gu/]sf] jf bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd hkmt ePsf] z] o/ vf/]h u/L ;f] vf/]h ePsf] z]o/sf] d"N o a/fa/sf] sDkgLsf] z] o/ k"FhLsf] /sd 36fP/ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k"FhLsf] x]/km]/ ug]{ ljz]if k|: tfj kfl/t ePdf ;f] xL xb;Dd ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL ∝===== ;+ zf]wg ePsf] dflgg]5 . ∝
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ 4f/f lemlsPsf] . 31
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kfl/t k|:tfjsf] clen]v tyf k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL ;+zf]wgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt sfof{ nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 / sfof{ non] To;/L k] z ePsf] ;ft lbgleq ;f] xLadf]lhd sDkgLsf] kF"hLdf x]/km]/ / k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL ;+ zf] wg ePsf] Joxf]/f clen]v u/L sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd z] o/ vf/]h ePsf]df ;f] sfo{ sDkgLsf] z] o/ k"FhL 36fpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu eP u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g . -%_ sDkgLnfO{ cfˆgf] clws[t k"FhLsf] xb;Dd hf/L k"FhL a9fpg cfjZos k/]df ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;fdfGo k|:tfj kfl/t u/L To:tf] k"F hL a9fpg ;Sg] 5 . -^_ klAns sDkgLn] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd z]o/ k"F hL a9fO{ cfˆgf] z]o/ ;fj{ hlgs lgisfzg ug'{ k/]df o; P]g / lwtf] kq;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gdf lgwf{l/t k|lqmof k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ To:tf]] sDkgLn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLx¿ tyf sd{rf/Ln] dfq vl/b ug{ kfpg] u/L xsk|b z]o/ -/fO6 z] o/_ / af]g; z]o/ hf/L ubf{ jf pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd z] o/ hf/L ubf{ To:tf] k|lqmof k"/ f ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . -&_ klAns sDkgLn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLx¿n] dfq vl/b ug{ kfpg] u/L xsk|b z] o/ hf/L ug]{ ;"rgf To:tf] z]o/ hf/L ug'{eGbf kGw| lbgcl3
/fli6«o:t/sf]
b}lgsklqsfdf sDtLdf nuftf/ tLgk6s k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/ vl/b ug]{ klxnf] xs tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLn] lnO{ /fv]sf] z] o/sf] cg'kftsf] cfwf/df To:tf] z] o/wgLx¿nfO{ x'g]5 . -(_ pkbkmf -*_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLn] hf/L ug{] b]xfoadf]lhdsf z]o/x¿df sDkgLsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf z] o/wgLsf] klxnf] xs x'g] 5}g M– -s_
sDkgLn] gubafx]s c? s'g} k|ltkmnafkt hf/L ug]{ z]o/,
-v_
sDkgL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}t fsf] zt{ cg'?k k|bfg ul/Psf] s'g} clwsf/ jf ;'ljwf cGtu{t s'g} JolQmnfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] z] o/,
-u_
sd{rf/L z]o/ of] hgf cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] z] o/,
-3_
s'g} sDkgL / To;sf ;fx" x¿aLr ePsf] ;Demf}t f cg';f/ hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/,
-ª_
s'g} sDkgLn] cu|flwsf/ z] o/nfO{ ;fwf/0f z]o/df jf l8a]~r/nfO{ z] o/df kl/0ft ubf{ sfod ePsf z] o/,
-r_
sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg, k"FhL jf C0fsf]
k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ qmddf jf
bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"g cg' ;f/ ;Da4 kIfx?aLr :jLs[t k'g;{+/rgf sfo{qmd sfo{ fGjog ug]{ qmddf jf s'g} Ps klAns sDkgL csf]{ klAns 32
sDkgLdf ufleg] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf ;DalGwt kIfx?aLr ;DkGg ;Demf}tf cg';f/ hf/L ePsf z]o/ . -!)_ sDkgLn] u/]sf] d'gfkmf jf d'gfkmfaf6 ;[lht sf]ifaf6 afx]s sDkgLsf] ;DklQsf] k'gd"{Nof+sg u/L z]o/ k"FhL a[l4 ug{ jf af]g; z] o/ lgisfzg ug{ x'Fb}g . -!!_ o; bkmfadf]lhd z]o/ hf/L ubf{ tTsfn sfod /x]sf z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ z]o/ vl/b ug{ sDtLdf k}+ tL; lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 . ;f] Dofbleq To:tf z] o/wgLx¿n] z] o/ vl/b gu/]df jf z]o/ vl/b ug]{ xs c?nfO{ laqmL jf x:tfGt/0f gu/]df sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn]
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;lsg]5 . %&= z]o/ k"FhL 36fpg] M -!_ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z] o/ k"F hL 36fpg rfx]df ;f] ljifodf ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L cbfntsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;f]adf]lhd k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf cfjZos x]/km]/ jf ;+ zf]wg u/L z]o/ k"FhL 36fpg ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]kl5 sDkgLn] b]xfoadf]lhd x'g ] u/L z] o/ k"F hL 36fpg ;Sg] 5 M– -s_
ls:tf dfu u/]sf] z]o/sf] /sd r'Qmf gePsf]df hlt r'Qmf ePsf] 5 Toltdfq k"FhL sfod u/L,
-v_
r'Qmf eO{;s]sf] k"FhL lkmtf{ u/L,
-u_
sDkgLnfO{ 7" nf] gf]S;fgL k/]df jf b}jL k|sf]k k/]df z] o/sf] clÍt d"N o 36fO{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd bfdf;fxLdf kl/;s]sf] sDkgLn] o; bkmfadf]lhd cfˆgf] k"F hL 36fpg ;Sg] 5}g . %*= z]o/
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k|fKt
ug]{
sfo{ljlw
M
-!_ bkmf %& adf]lhd sDkgLn] k"FhL 36fpg] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df ;f]sf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu cbfnt;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/]sf]df ;f] pk/ ;'g'jfO{ x'g'eGbf klxn] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"F hL 36fpg] af/]df cbfntdf ;'g'jfO{ x'g] ldlt / :yfg v'nfO{ ;DalGwt sDkgLn] sDtLdf tLgk6s /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ sDkgLsf] vf/]hL jf bfdf;fxL k|lqmof z'? x'Fbf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd C0f jf s'g } e'QmfgLsf] bfaL ug{ kfpg] x}l;ot ePsf k|To]s JolQmn] sDkgLsf] z] o/ k"FhL 36fpg] k|lqmofdf cfˆgf] bfaL tyf lj/f]w k] z ug{ kfpg] 5 . -$_ sDkgLsf] kF"hL 36fpg] lgj]bgpk/ ;'g'jfO{ x'Fbf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf sDkgL ;lrjn] cbfntn] dfu]adf]lhd sDkgLsf] ;fx" x¿ eP lghx?sf] gfd, 7]ufgf tyf lghx¿ 33
k|To]snfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ C0fsf] /sd;d]t v'nfO{ jf:tljs tyf ;fFrf] Joxf]/fsf] ;"rL cbfnt;dIf k] z ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf ;fx"x¿dWo] C0f r'Qmf x'g jf C0f lglZrt x'g afFsL ;fx"x¿sf] k"FhL 36fpg] s'/fdf ;xdlt eP jf geP klg ;fx"x¿n] bfaL u/]sf] C0f jf bfaLsf] k"/} /sd sDkgLn] ;sf/ u/]df jf gu/]df klg To:tf] /sd r'Qmf ug{ cfjZos /sd Joj:yf ug{ :jLsf/ u/L k"/ f /sd lglZrt ldltleq r'Qmf ug]{ sa'lnot u/L cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfPsf] cj:yfdf z] o/ k"FhL 36fpg cbfntn] cfb] z lbg ;Sg]5 . -^_ z]o/ k"FhLafkt sDkgLnfO{ z]o/wgLx¿n] a'emfpg afFsL /sd jf z] o/afkt a'emfO{Psf] /sd s'g} z]o/wgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ubf{ ;f] /sd dfq 36\g] u/L z] o/ k"FhL 36fpg] k|:tfjpk/ :jLs[ltsf] nflu sf/afxL ubf{ pknAw k|df0f / kl/l:yltnfO{ x]/L cbfntn] pko'Qm
7fg]df
pkbkmf
-#_
jf
-$_ sf] Joj:yf s'g} vf; ;fx"sf] xsdf nfu" gx'g] u/L cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . -&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;fx" x?sf] ;"rL k] z ubf{ s'g} s'/f 5'6fPsf] jf unt ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf] ;" rL k] z ug]{ sDkgLsf ;~rfns / To:tf] ;"rLdf ;xL ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ of] P]gadf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 . t/ To:tf] ;"rLdf ;xL ug]{ kbflwsf/Ln] lghsf] hfgsf/L lagf s'g} s'/f 5' 6 ePsf] jf uNtL ePsf] jf ;f] 5'6 jf uNtL ePsf] lghn] yfxf kfpgf;fy o; bkmfadf]lhd cbfntn] cfb]z ug'{cl3 To:tf] 5'6 jf uNtL ;RofO{ cbfntnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPdf jf To:tf] 5'6 jf uNtL /f] Sgsf] nflu kof{Kt xf]l;of/L lnPsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]df ;f] ;hfo x'g ] 5}g . -*_ k"FhL 36fpg] k|:tfjpk/ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd bfaL lj/f]w ug{ kfpg] ;fx"x?sf] C0f jf bfaL e'QmfgL af/]df ;fx" x?sf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] C0f jf bfloTj e'QmfgL eO;s]sf], C0f jf bfaL olsg eO{ e'QmfgL x'g] cj:yfdf ePsf] jf C0f jf bfaL ;'/lIft ePsf] s'/fdf cbfnt ;Gt'i6 ePdf pko'Qm zt{x? lgwf{/0f u/L cbfntn] k"F hL 36fpg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg] 5 . -(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt lbPsf]df cbfntnfO{ pko'Qm nfu]d f k"FhL 36fpg] :jLs[ltsf] cfb]z lbPsf] sDkgLsf] gfdsf] k5fl8 lglZrt ;dofjlw;Dd æk"FhL 36fOPsf] Æ eGg] jfSof+ z n] Vg / o;/L k"F hL 36fpg' k/]sf] sf/0f tyf kl/l:ylt / o;;DaGwL cGo dxTjk"0 f{ s'/f ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Ldf Nofpg cfjZos ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ egL ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . 34
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] gfdsf] k5fl8 æk"F hL 36fOPsf]Æ eGg] jfSof+ z n]Vg' eGg] cfb] z hf/L ePsf]d f cbfntn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;dofjlw Joltt geP;Dd ;f] jfSof+ z sDkgLsf] gfdsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /xg] 5 . -!!_ k"FhL 36fpg] k|: tfjsf] :jLs[lt lbg] qmddf o; bkmfadf]lhd cbfntn] hf/L u/]sf] cfb]zdf plNnlvt zt{ x?sf] Joxf]/f sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf :jtM ;dfj] z ePsf] dflgg]5 / ;f] xL xb;Dd k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnL ;+ zf] wg ePsf] dflgg]5 . -!@_ o; bkmfadf]lhd k"FhL 36fpg] k|:tfjpk/ bfaL lj/f] w ug{ kfpg] ;fx"sf] gfd hfgL hfgL n'sfpg], l5kfpg] jf bafpg] jf hfgL hfgL C0f jf bfaLsf] /sd jf bfloTjsf] ljifodf e"m§f ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ jf k]z ug]{ jf To:tf] C0f jf bfloTj n'sfpg] , l5kfpg] jf e"m§f ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ u/fpg] ;~rfns jf ;f] sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ ofpg] sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ o; P]gadf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 . -!#_ o; bkmfadf]lhd sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"FhL 36fOPsf]d f To:tf] sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf k|To]s z]o/ k|df0fkqdf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf sDkgL ;lrjn] ;f] s'/fhgfO{ k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 . %(= k"FhL 36fOPsf] z] o/df z]o/wgLx?sf] bfloTj M -!_ o; bkmfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s z] o/ k"FhL 36fpg cbfntn] lbPsf] cfb]zdf plNnlvt s'g} z]o/sf] ;DaGwdf To:tf] z]o/sf] lgwf{l/t d"Noaf6 z] o/afkt e'Qmfg ul/Psf] jf:tljs /sd jf e'QmfgL ul/Psf] egL dflgPsf] /sd 36fpFbf x'g cfpg] /sdeGbf a9L] /sd a'emfpg o:tf] z] o/ lng] ;fljs jf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] z] o/wgL afWo x'g] 5}g . t/ cbfnt;dIf sDkgLsf] k"FhL 36fpg] k|:tfjdf bfaL lj/f] w ug]{ clwsf/k|fKt sDkgLsf ;fx"sf] ;"rL k]z ubf{ s'g} ;fx"sf] gfd 5'6]sf] /x] 5 / sDkgLsf] k"FhL 36fpg] cfb] z k|fKt ePkl5 To:tf] ;fx"sf] C0f ltg{ sDkgLn] g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ df pNn]v ePadf]lhd /sd ltg{ sDkgLsf z]o/wgL afWo x'g]5g\ . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} ;fx"sf] cfˆg} uNtL jf x] nr] So| fO{+af6 cbfnt;dIf k]z ul/Psf] ;" rLdf To:tf] ;fx"sf] gfd jf s'g} bfaL 5'6\g uPsf]d f To:tf] /sd a'emfpg z]o/wgL afWo x'g] 5}gg\ . -#_ cbfntn] sDkgLsf] k"FhL 36fpg] cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] cl3Nnf] lbg ;DalGwt sDkgL bfdf;fxLdf k/L ;f];DaGwL sf/afxL z'? ul/Psf] eP To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLn] cfk"m n] lnPsf] z] o/afkt hlt /sd a'emfpg' kg]{ lyof] ;f]xL a/fa/sf] /sd a'emfpg sDkgLsf] k"FhL 36fpg] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ cfb]z hf/L ePsf] lbgdf sDkgLsf] z]o/wgL sfod /x]sf] JolQm afWo x'g]5 . 35
-$_ sDkgL bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] ePdf cbfntdf ;fx"sf] ;" rL k]z ubf{ gfd 5'6\g uPsf] elgPsf ;fx" n] gfd 5'6\g uPsf] s'/fsf] k|df0f;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] pko'Qm b]v]df To:tf] ;fx"sf] C0f ltg{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ /sd sDkgLdf a'emfpg' kg]{ bfloTj ePsf z]o/wgLx?sf] ;" rL tof/ u/L To:tf] ;" rLdf gfd k/]sf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ sDkgLsf] bfdf;fxLsf] k|lqmofdf lghx?n] a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd;/x lghx?af6 z]o/sf] /sdsf] dfu ug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg] 5 . -%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfk"mn] z] o/ vl/b ubf{sf avt lnPsf] z]o/sf] clÍt d"NoeGbf a9L /sd ltg{ s'g} klg z]o/wgL afWo x'g]5}g . ^)= sDkgLsf] v'b ;DklQ 36]df ;~rfns lhDd]jf/ x'g] M -!_ klAns sDkgLsf] v'b ;DklQ -g]6 jy{_ 36\g uO{ r'Qmf k"F hLsf] cfwf jf ;f]eGbf sd x'g cfPdf To:tf] Joxf]/ f hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] k}FtL; lbgleq ;~rfnsx?n] sDkgL tyf z] o/wgL;d]tsf] lxtsf nflu pko'Qm /0fgLlt tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] hfgsf/L ePsf] nuQ} kl5 a:g] ;fwf/0f ;efdf o;;DaGwL 5'§} k|: tfj /fVg' kg]{5 . t/ ;f] /0fgLlt sfo{ fGjog ug{ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ ePdf oyfzL3| ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef jf]nfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /0fgLlt tof/ gug]{, jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|:tfj g/fVg] jf ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef gaf] nfpg] jf hfgL hfgL To:tf] ;ef gaf] nfOPsf] l:ylt sfod /xg lbg] sDkgLsf ;~rfnsnfO{ o; P]gadf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 . -#_ ;~rfnsn] ablgot lrtfO{ jf å]ifk"0f{ nfk/jfxLsf] sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] v'b ;DklQ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 36\g uPsf] s'/f 7x/]df ;f]sf] Ifltk"lt{;d]t To:tf] sfd ug]{ ;~rfnsn] ltg'{ kg]{5 . ^!= sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ gx'g] M -!_ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b -afO Aofs_ ug{ jf hdfgtdf /fvL C0f lbg' x'Fb}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ nfef+ zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g ;Sg] ;l~rt d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z] o/sf] ;Dk"0 f{ /sd r'Qmf eO{;s]sf] eP,
-v_
klAns sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ lwtf] kq af] 8{df btf{ eO{;s]sf] eP,
-u_
cfˆgf] z] o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf ePsf] eP, 36
-3_
cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] eP,
-ª_
sDkgLn] r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ C0f /sd sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z] o/ cfk}m vl/b u/L ;s]kl5 k"FhL tyf ;fwf/0f hu] 8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] cg'kftdf bf] Aa/eGbf a9L gx'g] eP, :ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k| of]hgsf nflu æC0f /sdÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] shf{ lnPsf] ;'/lIft tyf c;'/lIft ;Dk"0f{ C0f /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_
sDkgLn] vl/b ug]{ cfˆgf] z] o/sf] /sd sDkgLsf] s'n r'Qmf k"FhL tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] aL; k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
-5_
cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfof{non] ;do ;dodf hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg k|lts"n gx'g] eP .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;efdf k] z ul/g] k|:tfjdf b] xfosf] ljj/0f pNn] v ePsf] x'g' kg]{ 5 M– -s_
cfˆgf] z] o/ cfk}m vl/b ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f / cfjZostf,
-v_
cfˆgf] z] o/ cfk}m vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6 ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] cfly{s l:yltdf kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt k|efj d"NofÍgsf] ljj/0f,
-u_
vl/b ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] z] o/sf] lsl;d / ;f]sf] ;+Vof,
-3_
v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ nfUg] clwstd jf Go"gtd /sd / ;f]sf] cfly{s ;|f]t ,
-ª_
cfˆgf] z] o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg] ;dofjlw,
-r_
z]o/ vl/b ug]{ tl/sf,
-5_
cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfof{non] tf]s]sf] tyf k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd v'nfpg' kg]{ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ljz]if k|:tfj ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 kfl/t ePdf ;f] kfl/t ePsf] afx| dlxgfsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt sDkgLn] b] xfosf] s'g} pkfoaf6 cfˆgf] z] o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 5 M– -s_
lwtf]kq ahf/ dfk{mt vl/b u/]/,
-v_
sDkgLsf sd{rf/LnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z] o/ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Laf6 vl/b u/]/,
-u_
tTsfn sfod /x]sf z] o/wgLaf6 ;dfg'kflts ?kdf vl/b u/]/ .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z] o/ cfk}m vl/b u/]sf]df To:tf] z] o/ vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq cfk"mn] vl/b u/]sf] z]o/ ;+ Vof, ;f]afkt e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd / cGo cfjZos ljj/0fx? sfof{ nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ 5 . 37
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cfˆgf] z] o/ cfkm} vl/b u/]sf] clÍt d"No a/fa/sf] /sd 5'§ } k"FhL lkmtf{ hu] 8f sf]if v8f u/L ;f]sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]sf]i fsf] /sdnfO{ r'Qmf k"FhL;/x sfod /fVg' kg]{ 5 . -&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z] o/ cfkm} vl/b u/]sf]df cfk"mn] vl/b u/] hlt z] o/ To;/L vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq /2 u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . -*_ o; bkmfadf]lhd sDkgLn] s'g} ju{sf z]o/ vl/b ul/;s]kl5 af]g; z] o/ hf/L ug]{ jf cfˆgf] bfloTj r'Qmf ug]{afx]s cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm}n] vl/b u/]sf] b'O{ jif{ geO{ k'gM ;f] xL ju{sf] z] o/ lgisfzg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -(_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg klAns sDkgLn] sfod ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd z]o/wgLsf] ;+Vof sd x'g] jf Go"gtd r'Qmf k"FhL sd x'g] u/L To:tf] sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z] o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -!)_ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z] o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ g;Sg] cGo cj:yf / cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ubf{ kfngf ug'{ kg]{ cGo zt{x? tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 . ^@= sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ s'g} C0f jf cfly{s ;xof]u lbg gx'g] M sDkgLn] cfˆgf] jf cfˆgf] d'Vo sDkgLsf] z] o/ vl/b jf s'g} Joxf]/fn] ;f] z] o/df xs k| fKt ug{sf] nflu s;}nfO{ C0f jf s'g} lsl;dsf] cfly{s ;xof] u pknAw u/fpg' x'Fb}g . t/ sDkgLsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ z] o/ laqmL ug]{ of]hgf cGtu{t sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] jf sDkgLsf] d'Vo sDkgLsf] k"/ f d"No r'Qmf ePsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ jf To:tf] z]o/df s'g} Joxf]/fn] :jfldTj k| fKt ug{sf] nflu C0f pknAw u/fpg o; bkmfdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ ofpg] 5}g . ^#=
sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t ;+:yflkt klAns sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ ug]{ :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L cfˆgf] sf/f]af/ k|f/De ug{' x'Fb}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt kfpgsf] nflu klAns sDkgLsf] ;+:yfksn] vl/b ug{ sa'n u/]sf] z] o/ afktsf] /sddWo] dfu ePsf] k"/f /sd r'Qmf eO{;s]sf] k|df0f ;dfj] z u/L sfof{ no;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]sf]df ;+: yfksx?n] vl/b ug{ sa'n u/]sf] z]o/afktsf] /sddWo] dfu ePsf] /sd r'Qmf ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf sfof{ non] sf/f]a f/ ug]{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{ 5 . t/ z]o/afkt r'Qmf ePsf] /sd bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v ePsf] /sdeGbf sd x'g] ePdf :jLs[lt lbg] 5}g .
38
-$_ o; bkmfadf]lhd sf/f]af/ k| f/De ug{ :jLs[lt glnO{ ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef, ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a} 7s, sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg h:tf s'/fafx]s ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug]{ jf bfloTj l;h{gf x'g] s'g} lsl;dsf sfo{ ug'{ x'Fb}g . -%_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} vf; Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgLsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd To:tf] Joj;fo lgoldt ug]{ clwsf/k|fKt lgodgsf/L lgsfoaf6 Ohfhtkq k|bfg ubf{ To:tf] Joj;fo z'? ug'{cl3 s'g} zt{ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] eP To:tf] zt{ k"/ f u/]sf] k|df0f k]z geP;Dd sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/g] 5}g . -^_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k| fOe]6 sDkgLn] sfof{ nodf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkq kfpgf;fy cfˆgf] sf/f]af/ z'? ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ s'g} vf; sf/f]af/ ug{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd s'g} ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt lng'kg{] ePdf To:tf] :jLs[lt lnPkl5 dfq sf/f]af/ z' ? ug'{ kg]{ 5 . ^$= l8:sfp06df z]o/ lgisfzg ug{ jf laqmL ug{ gx'g] M -!_ sDkgLn] l8:sfp06df cfˆgf] z]o/ lgisfzg jf laqmL ug'{ x'Fb}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ;f] xL k|:tfjdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] k|ltztdf g36\g] u/L b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l8:sfp06df z]o/ lgisfzg jf laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] k"FhL k'g;{+/rgf ug{] of]hgf cg';f/ z]o/ lgisfzg jf laqmL ubf{ ,
-v_
;fx"x¿sf] ;xdlt cg';f/ sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0fnfO{ z] o/df kl/0ft ug{] of]hgf cg';f/ z] o/ lgisfzg jf laqmL ubf{,
-u_
sd{rf/L z]o/ of] hgf cg';f/ z] o/ lgisfzg jf hf/L ubf{ ,
-3_
sfof{ non] :jLs[t u/]sf] cGo cj:yfdf z] o/ hf/L ubf{ .
^%= cu|flwsf/ z] o/ M -!_ sDkgLn] of] P]g , k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd cu|flwsf/ z] o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/Padf]lhdafx]s pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] z] o/ ;fwf/0f z] o/df kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] 5}g . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cu|flwsf/ z]o/ hf/L ubf{ cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/f v'nfPsf] x'g' kg{]5 M– -s_
;fwf/0f z] o/eGbf cufl8 nfef+z k|fKt ug{] jf gug]{ ;f] s'/f,
-v_
cu|flwsf/ z] o/wgLn] slt k|ltzt nfef+ z k| fKt ug{] xf] ;f] s'/f,
39
-u_
k|To]s jif{ nfef+ z hf]l8b}+ hfg] -So'd' n]l6e_ xf] jf d'gfkmf ePsf] jif{ dfq d'gfkmf -gg\ –So'd' n]l6e_ ljt/0f x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f,
-3_
sDkgL vf/]h ePsf] cj:yfdf z] o/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ubf{ cu| flwsf/ lbg] jf glbg] s'/f,
-ª_
dtflwsf/ x'g] jf gx'g] / dtflwsf/ x'g] eP cu|flwsf/ z] o/sf] ljifodf dfq jf cGo ljifodf klg x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f,
-r_
v08 -ª_ adf]lhd cGo s'/fdf klg dtflwsf/ x'g] eP s'g cg'kftdf dtflwsf/ x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f,
-5_
;fwf/0f z] o/df kl/jt{g x'g ;Sg] jf g;Sg] s'/f,
-h_
cu|flwsf/ z]o/ /sd lglZrt cjlw kl5 lkmtf{ ug{ ;lsg] -l/l8d]jn_ jf lkmtf{ ug{
g;lsg]]
-Ol/l8d]jn_ s] x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f, -em_ cu|flwsf/ z] o/ lkmtf{ ubf{ lk|ldod;lxt jf lk|ldod lagf lkmtf{ x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f . -$_ lkmtf{ x'g] zt{df s'g} cu| flwsf/ z]o/ hf/L ul/Psf] eP To:tf] z]o/sf] d"N o k"/ f e'QmfgL geP;Dd ;f] z] o/ lkmtf{ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -%_ nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g ;Sg] d'gfkmfsf] /sd jf z]o/ lkmtf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf gofF z] o/af6 k| fKt /sdafx]s cGo /sdaf6 cu| flwsf/ z] o/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -^_ lkmtf{ x'g] u/L hf/L ul/Psf s'g} cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lk|ldod;lxt lkmtf{ ul/g] eP To:tf] z] o/ /sd lkmtf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu sDkgLsf] d'gfkmf jf sDkgLsf] z] o/ lk|ldod vftfaf6 pko'Qm /sdsf] 5'§} sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . -&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd gofF z] o/ hf/L u/L k|fKt ePsf] /sdaf6 lkmtf{ x'g ] cu|flwsf/ z]o/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s o; P]gadf]lhd cu| flwsf/ z] o/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ubf{ sDkgLsf] d'gfkmfaf6 nfef+z ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu k|fKt x'g ;Sg] /sdaf6 lkmtf{ ul/Psf] z]o/sf] clÍt d"No a/fa/sf] /sd k"FhL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if v8f u/L ;f]sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd v8f ePsf] k"F hL lkmtf{ hu] 8f sf]i fnfO{ r'Qmf k"F hL;/x dfgL sfod /fVg' kg]{5 . -(_ o; bkmfadf]lhd lkmtf{ ul/Psf] s'g} cu| flwsf/ z] o/ lkmtf{ ug]{ sfo{ ;dfKt ePkl5 To:tf] z] o/ :jtM vf/]h ePsf] dflgg]5 . 40
-!)_ s'g} sDkgLn] cu|flwsf/ z] o/ lkmtf{ ubf{ o; bkmfsf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] zt{ / k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5 / o;/L cu| flwsf/ z] o/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ePsf]d f ;f] xL sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] clws[t z]o/ k"FhL 36fOPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -!!_ sDkgLn] s'g} cu|flwsf/ z] o/ /sd lkmtf{ u/]df jf lkmtf{ ug]{ k|:tfj u/]d f To;/L lkmtf{ ul/Psf] jf lkmtf{ ul/g] z] o/sf] clÍt d"N o a/fa/sf] gofF z]o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . -!@_ sDkgLn] s'g} cu|flwsf/ z] o/ lkmtf{ u/]sf] Ps dlxgfleq To;sf] ;" rgf sfof{ nonfO{ lbg' kg]{ 5 / o:tf] ;"rgf k|fKt x'g cfPdf sfof{ non] To:tf] ;"rgfnfO{ sDkgLsf] btf{lstfadf hgfpg' kg]{5 . -!#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd v8f ePsf] k"FhL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]ifaf6 sDkgLn] cfˆgf z] o/wgLx¿nfO{ k"0f{ d"No r'Qmf ePsf] af]g; z] o/sf] ?kdf gofF z] o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 . ^^= gfafns / sfg"gadf]lhd s/f/ ug{ cof]U o JolQm ;+:yfks x'gdf aGb]h M -!_ ;f] x| jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf] gfafns / sfg"gadf]lhd s/f/ ug{ cof]U o JolQm sDkgLsf] ;+:yfks x'g ;Sg] 5}g . t/ ck't fnL k/L jf sfg"gsf] kl/rfngaf6 gfafns jf sfg"gadf]lhd s/f/ ug{ cof]Uo JolQmn] ;+:yfksåf/f vl/b u/]sf] sDkgLsf] z] o/df xs k|fKt ug{ o; bkmfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -@_ s'g} gfafns jf sfg"gadf]lhd s/f/ ug{ cof]Uo JolQmn] s'g} sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b laqmL ug'{kbf{ To:tf] JolQmsf] afa' , cfdf jf klt jf kTgL jf sfg"gadf]lhd lgo'Qm ;+/Ifs jf cleefjsn] ug'{ kg]{5 . kl/R5]b–% sDkgLsf] ;ef ^&= sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef M -!_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5g\ M– -s_
jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef,
-v_
ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef .
-@_ klAns sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug{sf] lgldQ sDtLdf PSsfO{; lbg cufj} / ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef ug{sf] lgldQ sDtLdf kGw| lbg cufj} z]o/wgLx?nfO{ lghx?n] sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 7] ufgfdf ;ef x'g] 7fpF , ldlt / 5nkmn ug]{ ljifo vf]nL ;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{5 . ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf sDtLdf b'O{k6s /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf klg k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ :ylut ePsf] s'g} ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpFbf To:tf] ;efdf gofF ljifodf 5nkmn gx'g ] ePdf sDtLdf ;ft lbgcl3 ;f] ;efsf] ;"rgf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf k|sflzt u/]d f /Ltk"j{s ;" rgf lbPsf] dflgg]5 . 41
-#_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf afx]s pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd klxn] g} ;"lrt gul/Psf ljifodf ;fwf/0f ;efdf s'g} lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] 5}g M– -s_
o; P]gsf] cGo bkmfx¿df cGoyf n]l vPsf]d f afx]s ;fwf/0f ;efdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] sDkgLsf] hDdf z]o/sf] ;t;¶L k|ltzt z] o/nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ z]o/wgLx¿ :jo+ jf k|ltlglwdfk{mt pkl:yt eO{ s'g} ljifodf lg0f{ o lng] kIfdf dtbfg u/]df,
-v_
:ylut ePsf] s'g} ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmnsf] lgldQ ;"lrt ul/Psf] s'g} ljifo ePdf .
-$_ sfo{fnon] cGoq ;fwf/0f ;ef ug{ k" j{:jLs[lt lbPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s klAns sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef To:tf] sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no /x]sf] lhNnf jf /lhi68{ sfof{ nosf] lhNnf;Fu hf]l 8Psf] clwsf+ z z] o/wgLnfO{ kfos kg]{ 7fpFdf ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef g]kfn /fHoleq jf aflx/ s'g} 7fpFd f x'g ;Sg]5 . -%_ sDkgLn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf z] o/wgLx¿sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / lghx?n] lnPsf] z] o/ ;+Vof pNn]v ePsf] ;" rL z] o/wgLx?af6 x'g] lg/LIf0fsf] nflu ;ef :yndf /fVg' kg]{ 5 . -^_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf To:tf] ;efsf] ;"rgfsf ;fy k7fOPsf] 5nkmnsf] ;" rLdf k/]sf] ljifopk/ ;j{k|yd 5nkmn tyf lg0f{o ul/g]5 . -&_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ef :ylut ug{ ;Sg]5 . h'g ;fwf/0f ;ef :ylut ePsf] xf] ;f] ;ef x'g] lbgeGbf klxn] jf kl5 o; P]g cg';f/ ;"rgf lbOPsf] s'g} klg ljifopk/ o;/L :ylut eO{ af]nfOPsf] ;efdf 5nkmn / lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]5 . -*_ klxn] a;]sf] / ;f] :ylut eP kl5 a;]sf] ;efnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/ x'g]5 . :ylut ;efdf kfl/t k|:tfj ;f] :ylut ;ef a;]sf] ldltdf kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 . -(_ s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] s'g} sDkgLsf] z] o/ vl/b u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfåf/f lgo'Qm JolQmn] To:tf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng / dt lbg kfpg]5 . -!)_ e"njz s'g} ;" rLs[t sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLsf] 7]ufgfdf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ;" rgf k7fpg 5'6]sf] jf s'g} z] o/wgLn] To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 7]u fgfdf k7fOPsf] ;"rgf lghn] k| fKt gu/]sf] sf/0fn] dfq s'g} ;fwf/0f ;efdf ePsf] sfd sf/afxL ab/ jf cdfGo x'g] 5}g .
42
-!!_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef / ;f]sf] sfo{ljlw lgodfjnLdf jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf ul/Padf]lhd x'g]5 . To;/L Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yfdf o; P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 . -!@_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlw;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf n]lvPadf]lhd x'g]5 . ^*= ;~rfnsx¿ pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ M sDkgLsf] k|To]s ;~rfns ;fwf/0f ;efdf oyf;Dej :jo+ pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 . ^(= ;efsf] j}wflgstf M k|To]s ;fwf/0f ;ef z' ? x'g'eGbf cufj} ;efdf pkl:yt z] o/wgLx¿n] ;f] ;ef o; P]g / lgodfjnLadf]lhd af] nfOPsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] s'/f olsg ug]{5g\ / To; ;DaGwdf s'g} cGo sfg"gsf] kfngf gul/Psf] eP klg ;a} z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ bkmf ^& sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k7fOPsf] ePdf / bkmf &# adf]lhd u0fk"/s ;+Vof k'u]sf] ;efn] ;ef ug{ d~h'/ u/]df ;f] ;fwf/0f ;ef /Ltk"j{s af] nfOPsf] dflgg]5 . &)= ;efdf efu lng / dtbfg ug{ gkfpg] cj:yf M -!_ cfk"m / sDkgLsf] aLrdf ePsf] jf x'g ] s'g} zt{ aGb]hsf] ;DaGwdf x'g] 5nkmndf s'g} JolQmn] z] o/wgLsf] x}l;otaf6 cfkm} jf cfˆgf] k|ltlglwåf/f ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng / dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -@_ cfk"mn] u/]sf] jf ug{ 5' 6fPsf] jf unt 9+u n] u/]sf] sfdsf] hjfkmb]xL jf cfk"m nfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{, sfo{ef/af6 d'Qm ug]{, ;?jf ug]{, ydf}tL ug]{, kfl/>lds, eQf jf af]g; lbg] jf ;f] 36fpg] jf a9fpg] jf cfˆgf] gf]s/L jf cfˆgf] ;/f]sf/ jf :jfy{ ePsf] s'g} ;Demf}tf, s/f/ jf 7] Ssf k§fsf ;DaGwdf ;fwf/0f ;efdf x'g] 5nkmndf s'g} ;~rfns jf lghsf] lx:;]bf/ jf k|ltlglwn] dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -#_ z]o/sf] ls:tf dfu ul/Psf] /sd e'Qmfg gug]{ z]o/wgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lng / dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -$_ s'g} z]o/wgLn] ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsnfO{ bkmf &! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw lgo'Qm u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;~rfnsn] cfˆgf] lghL :jfy{ jf ;/f]sf/ ePsf] ljifodf jf cfk"mnfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{ ljifodf s;}sf] k|ltlglwsf] x}l ;otn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -%_ o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;+:yflkt a} Í jf ljQLo ;+: yfdf cfk"mn] lnPsf] z]o/ lwtf] jf aGws /fvL C0f lng] z] o/wgLn] To:tf] C0f e'Qmfg gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 lghpk/ sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfO{ z]o/ afkt dtbfg ug{af6 /f]s nufpg ;DalGwt a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 n]lvO{ cfPdf ;DalGwt sDkgLn] To:tf] z]o/wgLnfO{ lghn] lnPsf] z]o/ afkt C0f r'Qmf gePsf] cjlwe/ dtbfg ug{af6 /f]s nufpg' kg]{5 . 43
&!= ;fwf/0f ;efdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ of] P]g jf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s z]o/wgLx¿sf] btf{lstfadf z] o/wgLsf] ?kdf gfd btf{ /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ dfq bkmf &) sf] cwLgdf /xL ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt eO{ cfk"mn] lnPsf] k| To]s z]o/sf] Pp6f dtsf] lx;fan] dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5 . -@_ z]o/wgLsf] k|ltlglwn] dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug{ gkfpg] u/L sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf k|ltjGw nufPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s o; bkmfsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} klg z]o/wgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g / cfˆgf] dt k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL dtbfgsf] clwsf/ kfPsf] z] o/wgL ;efdf :jo+ pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePdf lghn] cfˆgf] k|ltlglwåf/f dtbfg ug{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg n]vL ;xL5fk u/L k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] 5 / To;/L lgo'Qm k|ltlglwn] bkmf &@ df ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL ;efdf efu lng jf dtbfg ug{ kfpg]5 . -$_ ;femf u/L PshgfeGbf a9L JolQmsf] gfddf z] o/ lnPsf]d f To:tf] ;fem]bf/x¿åf/f lgo'Qm ul/Psf] ;fem]bf/n] jf lghn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm u/]sf] k|ltlglwn] / ;f]adf]lhd s'g} ;fem]bf/ lgo'Qm x'g g;s]sf]d f bkmf $^ adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf] z]o/wgLx¿sf] btf{lstfadf ;f] ;fem]bf/dWo] h;sf] gfd qmdfg';f/ cl3 n]lvPsf] 5 ;f] xL ;fem]bf/n] lbPsf] dt jf k|ltlglwkqdfq dfGo x'g]5 . &@= ;~rfnssf] lgjf{rg ubf{ dtbfg ug]{ Joj:yf M -!_ ;~rfns lgjf{rg ug{sf] nflu dtbfg ubf{ lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]d f afx]s k|To]s z] o/wgLnfO{ lghn] lnPsf] z]o/ ;+Vofn] lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{ ;~rfnssf] ;+ VofnfO{ u'0fg ubf{ x'g] ;+ Vof a/fa/sf] dtsf] lx;fan] dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5 / To;/L dtbfg ug]{ z]o/wgLn] cfˆgf] ;a} dt Pp6} pDd]bjf/nfO{ jf PseGbf a9L pDd]bjf/nfO{ lghn] tf]s]adf]lhd ljefhg x'g] u/L dtbfg ug{ ;Sg] 5 . -@_ o; P]g jf lgodfjnLadf]lhd ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug{ kfpg] ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] cfk"mn] lnPsf] z] o/sf] cg'kftdf ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g . t/ z]o/ ;+Vof / ;~rfnssf] s'n ;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf Pshgf klg ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug{ g;Sg] jf o; pkbkmfsf]] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;~rfns lgo'Qm gug]{ ;+ul7t ;+: yfn] z]o/wgLx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;~rfnssf] lgjf{rgdf cGo z] o/wgL;/x efu lng, dtbfg ug{ jf To:tf] ;+:yfn] lnPsf z]o/sf] cg'kftdf lgjf{lrt x'g ;Sg] ;~rfnssf] ;+Vof;Ddsf] pDd]bjf/L lbg ;Sg]5 . 44
&#= u0fk"/s ;+Vof M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof To:tf] sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf n]lvPadf]lhd x'g] 5 . -@_ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf u0fk"/s ;+ Vofsf] nflu a9L ;+ Vof tf]lsPsf]df afx]s klAns sDkgLsf] afF8kmfF8 ePsf] s' n z]o/ ;+ Vofsf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L z] o/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L s'n z]o/wgLx¿dWo] sDtLdf tLghgf z] o/wgLx¿ :jo+ jf cfˆgf] k|ltlglwdfk{mt pkl:yt geO{ ;efsf] sfd sf/afxL x'g] 5}g . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] u0fk"/s ;+ Vof k"/ f gePsf] sf/0fn] ;ef x'g g;sL sDtLdf ;ft lbgsf] ;"rgf lbO{ csf]{k6s ;ef af]nfpFbf sDkgLsf] afF8kmfF8 ePsf] s'n z] o/ ;+Vofsf] kRrL; k|ltzt z] o/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L sDtLdf tLghgf z]o/wgLx? :jo+ jf k|ltlglwdfk{mt pkl:yt ePdf ;ef ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g . -$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ df /x]sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zdf pNn]v ePadf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] jf bkmf !&# sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] sDkgLsf] nflu pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ df n]l vPadf]lhd tLghgf z]o/wgL pkl:yt x'g clgjfo{ x'g] 5}g . &$= 5nkmn / lg0f{o M -!_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] cWoIftf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] ug]{5 / lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;~rfnsx?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 dgf]gLt u/]sf] JolQmn] ug]{5 . -@_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn ul/g] ;a} ljifox¿ k|:tfjsf] ?kdf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . k|:tfj kfl/t eP jf gePsf] s'/f ;f] ;efsf] cWoIfn] 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -#_ dtbfg ul/Psf] k|To]s ljifodf ;efsf] ax'd t z] o/wgLsf] /fonfO{ ;f] ;efsf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 . To:tf] /fo ln+bf cWoIfn] xft p7fpg nufO{, WjgLdt, z] o/wgLx?sf] ;d" x ljefhg, dtkqsf] k| of] unufot cGo pko'Qm k|lqmof cjnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ ljz]if k|: tfjsf] xsdf ;efdf pkl:yt z] o/wgLx¿dWo] krxQ/ k|ltzt z] o/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ z]o/wgLn] k|:tfjsf] kIfdf dt lbPdf dfq ;f] k|: tfj ;efåf/f :jLs[t ePsf] dflgg]5 . -$_ ;fwf/0f ;efdf kIf / ljkIfdf dt a/fa/ ePdf ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] lg0ff{os dt lbg kfpg]5 . t/ z]o/wgLsf] x}l;otn] dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/af6 lgh jl~rt x'g] 5}g . &%= ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ePsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f dfO{Go"6_ Pp6f 5'§} lstfadf /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt ;efsf] cWoIf / sDkgL ;lrj eP sDkgL ;lrjn] b:tvt ug'{ kg]{ 5 . sDkgL ;lrj gePsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf ;f] ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt ;efsf] cWoIf / ;fwf/0f;efåf/f ax'dtaf6 lgo'Qm z]o/wgLx?sf] Pshgf k|ltlglwn] b:tvt ug'{ kg]{5 . 45
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f /fVbf ;efsf] ;"rgf s;/L hf/L ul/of], slt z]o/wgLx¿ pkl:yt lyP, hDdf z]o/sf] slt k|ltztsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] lyof] , ;efdf s] s] lg0f{o ul/of] / dtbfg ePsf]df dtbfgsf] kl/0ffd s] eof] cflb ;a} s'/fx¿ v'nfpg' kg]{5 . -#_ ;fwf/0f ;ef ePsf] tL; lbgleq o; bkmfadf]lhd n]lvPsf] ljj/0f z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . t/ s'g} sDkgLn] ;f] ljj/0f /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf k|sflzt u/]df z]o/wgLx?nfO{ k7fO/xg' kg]{ 5}g . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nodf /fVg' kg]{ 5 . To:tf] ljj/0f sfof{no ;doleq s'g} z]o/wgLn] x]g{ rfx]d f sDkgL ;lrj jf sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] cGo sd{rf/Ln] x]g{ lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ s'g} z]o/wgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0fsf] k|ltlnlk lng rfx]d f sDkgLn] lgodfjnLdf tf]s]adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ lnO{ k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . &^= jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef M -!_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ Ohfht kfPsf] Ps jif{leq k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug'{ kg]{5 / To;kl5 k| To]s jif{ sDkgLsf] cfly{s jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ s'g} klAns sDkgLn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] Dofb gf3]sf] tLg dlxgfleq klg jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef gaf]nfPdf sfof{non] To:tf] sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef af] nfpg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] lgb]{zg k|fKt u/]sf] tLg dlxgfleq klg sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef gaf] nfPdf ;f] s'/f v' nfO{ s'g} z]o/wgLn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug{ nufpg jf cGo pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ bkmf &# sf] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhd af]nfOPsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf hlt;'s} z] o/wgL pkl:yt eP klg u0fk"/s ;+ Vof k'u]sf] dflgg]5 . &&= jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k] z ug'{ kg]{ / lg0f{o x'g' kg]{ ljifox¿ M -!_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;~rfnsx¿n] n]vfk/LIf0f eO{;s]sf]] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg / ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ hDdf dt ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf kfFr k|ltzt dtsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ z] o/wgL jf z]o/wgLx?n] rfx]df bkmf ^& sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf hf/L x'g'eGbf cufj} ;~rfnsx¿;dIf lgj]bg lbO{ s'g} ljifo jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn / lg0f{osf nflu k]z ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 . 46
-#_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf sDtLdf PSsfO; lbg cufj} bkmf *$ cg';f/sf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg / n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg z]o/wgLx¿n] lgl/If0f ug{ / k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf ;" rgf k|s fzg ug'{ kg{]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ df plNnlvt ljj/0f / k|ltj]bg cfjZostf cg';f/ ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodåf/f;d]t ;" rgf k| jfx ug{ ;lsg]5 . -%_ pkbkmf -#_ df plNnlvt n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg, jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tyf ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg s'g} z]o/wgLn] dfu ug{ cfPdf sDkgLn] To:tf] z] o/wgLnfO{ To:tf] k|ltj]bg jf ljj/0fx? pknAw u/fpg' kg{] 5 . -^_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ afFl 8g] d'gfkmf, ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds, n] vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm / lghsf] kfl/>lds jf sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ egL o; P]g jf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/Psf cGo ljifodf ;f] ;efdf k|:tfj k] z ug{ / lg0f{ o ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ afFl8g] d'gfkmfsf] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ubf{ To:tf] d'gfkmfsf] b/ ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b/eGbf a9L x'g] u/L lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . &*= sfof{ nodf k|ltj]bg k] z ug'{ kg]{ M k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] b] xfosf s'/fx? v' nfO{ k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf sDtLdf PSsfO; lbgcl3 sfof{nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] k|ltj]bg ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t eO{ sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfsaf6 k|d fl0ft ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{ 5 M– -s_
afF8kmfF 8 ePsf] z] o/sf] ;+Vof,
-v_
afF8kmfF 8 ePsf] z] o/dWo] r'Qmf ePsf] / gePsf] z]o/sf] ;+ Vof,
-u_
sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, n]vfk/LIfs, sfo{sf/L k|d['v, k|aGwssf] ljj/0f / lghx?nfO{ e'Qmfg ul/Psf] kfl/>lds, eQf tyf ;'ljwfsf] /sd,
-3_
sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"F hLsf] kfFr k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z] o/ vl/b u/L lng] JolQm jf ;+ul7t ;+: yfsf] gfd / lghx?sf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] ljj/0f,
-ª_
z]o/ laqmLaf6 k| fKt ePsf] hDdf /sd / ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{df sDkgLn] vl/b u/]sf] tyf hf/L u/]sf] gofF z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/sf] ljj/0f,
-r_
;~rfns jf cfwf/e"t z] o/wgL jf lghsf glhssf gft]bf/n] sDkgLnfO{ a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] /sd,
-5_
z]o/ laqmL jf cGo s'g} sfd s'/f u/]afkt lbPsf] jf lbg' kg]{ /sd, 47
-h_
a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+: yfx?af6 lnPsf] C0f tyf a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] ;fFjf tyf Jofhsf] /sd,
-em_ sDkgLn] e'QmfgL lng' kg]{ jf sDkgLn] cGo JolQmnfO{ e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ egL bfaL ul/Psf] /sd jf o; ljifodf d'2f dfldnf rln/x]sf] eP To;sf] ljj/0f, -`_
sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf sfo{/t tyf cGo :t/sf sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/sf] ;+ Vof,
-6_
sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf sfo{/t tyf cGo :t/df sfo{/t ljb]zLx?sf] ;+ Vof tyf lghx?nfO{ e'Qmfg ul/Psf] kfl/>lds, eQf tyf ;'ljwf,
-7_
sDkgL / s'g} ljb]zL lgsfo jf JolQmx?aLr nufgL, Joj:yfkg jf k|fljlws ;]jf jf cGo ljifodf Ps jif{eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu s'g} ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f / ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{d f To:tf] ;Demf}t f cg';f/ e'Qmfg ul/Psf] nfef+ z, sld;g, z'Ns, b:t'/ / /f] oN6L cflbsf] ljj/0f,
-8_
sDkgLsf] Ps cfly{s jif{sf] Joj:yfkg vr{sf] ljj/0f,
-9_
z]o/wgLx?n] a'lemlng afFsL /x]sf] nfef+zsf] /sd,
-0f_
sDkgLn] o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngf k"0f{ ?kdf u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] pb\3f]if0f,
-t_
cGo cfjZos s'/f .
&(= jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lgldQ sfuhft tof/ /fVg] M k|To]s klAns sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn ul/g] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg, n] vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg, bkmf &* cg';f/ tof/ kfl/Psf] k|ltj]bg / ;efdf k]z x'g] k|:tfjx? ;ef x'g'eGbf sDtLdf PSsfO; lbg cufj} tof/ u/L sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nodf z] o/wgLx?n] lg/LIf0f ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 / s'g} z]o/wgLn] lgj]bg lbO{ ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk dfu u/]df lghnfO{ To;sf] Ps k|lt k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 . t/ ljz]if k|:tfjsf ?kdf ;efdf k] z x'g] k|:tfjx? ;efsf] ;"rgf ;fy z]o/wgLsf] 7]ufgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . *)= sfof{ nodf jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ljj/0f k7fpg] M -!_ k| To]s klAns sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;f] ;efdf pkl:yt z] o/wgLx¿sf] ;+ Vof, jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfns / n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg / ;f] ;efn] u/]sf lg0f{ osf] Ps k|lt sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg{]5 . -@_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]d f afx]s k|To]s k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] cfˆgf] cfly{s jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq n]vfk/LIfsåf/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fsf] Ps k|lt sfof{nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{ 5 . 48
*!= ljj/0f gk7fPdf hl/afgf x'g] M -!_ o; P]gadf]lhd sDkgLn] sfof{ nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ s'g} ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L jf sDkgLnfO{ kbflwsf/L jf z] o/wgLn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg o; P]gdf s'g} Dofb tf]lsPsf]df To:tf] Dofbleq ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf To:tf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/L jf z] o/wgLn] To:tf] ljj/0f, ;" rgf jf hfgsf/L sfof{ no jf sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq bkmf adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf,
♥
%!, &*, *), !@), !#! jf !%^
hfgsf/L jf hjfkm pknAw gu/fpg] b]xfosf sDkgLsf
;~rfns jf To;sf kbflwsf/LnfO{ /lhi6«f/n] b]xfoadf]lhd hl/afgf ug]{ 5 M– -s_
Dofb e'Qmfg ePsf] tLg dlxgf;Ddsf nflu kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF ;Dd r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgL eP Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF, Ps s/f]8 ?k} ofF ;Dd r'Qmf k"F hL ePsf] sDkgL eP b'O{ xhf/ ?k} ofF / ;f]e Gbf a9L r'Qmf k"F hL ePsf] sDkgL eP kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-v_
v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb e'QmfgL ePsf] ldltb]lv yk tLg dlxgf;Ddsf nflu kRrL; nfv ?k} ofF ;Dd r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgL eP Ps xhf/ kfFr ;o ?k}ofF, Ps s/f]8 ?k} ofF ;Dd r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgL eP tLg xhf/ ?k} ofF / ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgL eP ;ft xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-u_
v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb e'QmfgL ePkl5 yk 5 dlxgf;Ddsf nflu kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF;Dd r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgL eP b'Oxhf/ kfFr ;o ?k} ofF , Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd r'Qmf k"F hL ePsf] sDkgL eP kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF / ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgL eP bz xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-3_
v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] klg Dofb e'QmfgL eO;s]sf]df kRrL; nfv ?k} ofF ;Dd r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgL eP k|To]s jif{sf] nflu kfF rxhf/ ?k}ofF, Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd r'Qmf k"F hL ePsf] sDkgL eP k| To]s jif{sf] nflu bz xhf/ ?k}ofF / ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgL eP k| To]s jif{sf nflu aL; xhf/ ?k} ofF .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq To:tf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw gu/fpg] d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLsf] xsdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgLnfO{ x'g] ;/xsf] hl/afgf x'g] 5 .
♥
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ 4f/f ;+zf]wg .
49
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf ltg'{ kg]{ s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf z] o/wgLn] ;f] hl/afgf sfof{nodf a'emfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ ljj/0f sfof{no jf ;DalGwt sDkgLdf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Dofb e'Qmfg ePsf] cjlw u0fgf ubf{ of] P]g k| f/De ePsf] ldltaf6 ul/g]5 . -^_ o; P]gadf]lhd sfof{ nodf k7fpg' kg]{ cGo ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw gu/fpg] sDkgLsf ;~rfns jf To;sf kbflwsf/L jf z] o/wgLnfO{ To:tf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgf e'Qmfg ePkl5 k|To]s Ps dlxgfsf] b'O{ ;o ?k}ofFsf] b/n] hl/afgf x'g]5 . t/ o:tf] hl/afgf Ps cfly{s jif{d f Psxhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g . *@= ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef M -!_ cfjZos b]lvPdf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg ;Sg]5 . -@_ sDkgLsf] lx;falstfasf] hfF ra'em ubf{ s'g} sf/0fn] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg cfjZos b]lvPdf n] vfk/LIfsn] To:tf] ;ef af]nfpgsf] lgldQ ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ cg'/f] w ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f]adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn] To:tf] ;ef gaf] nfPdf n] vfk/LIfsn] ;f] s'/f v'nfO{ sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / ;f]adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df sfof{non] sDkgLsf] ljz]i f ;fwf/0f ;ef af] nfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] sDtLdf bz k|ltzt z] o/ lng] z] o/wgLx¿ jf z]o/wgLx¿sf] hDdf ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf kRrL; k|ltzt z] o/wgLx¿n] sf/0f v'nfO{ ljz]i f ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nodf lgj]bg lbO{ dfu u/]df ;~rfns ;ldltn] sDkgLsf] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af] nfpg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;~rfns ;ldltn] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef gaf] nfPdf ;DalGwt z] o/wgLx¿n] ;f] s'/f v' nfO{ sfof{ nodf ph'/ L ug{ ;Sg]5g\ / To:tf] ph'/L k/]df sfof{ non] To:tf] ;ef af] nfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 . -%_ lg/LIf0f hfFrsf] kmn:j?k jf s'g} sf/0fn] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af] nfpg cfjZos b]lvPdf sfof{ non] To:tf] ;ef :jo+ af] nfpg jf ;~rfns ;ldltåf/f af]nfpg nufpg ;Sg]5 . *#= ljz]if k|:tfj k]z ug'{ kg]{ M b]xfosf] ljifodf sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf lg0f{ o lngsf] nflu ljz]if k|:tfj k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] clws[t k"FhL a9fpg] ljifo,
-v_
sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"FhL 36fpg] jf x]/km]/ ug]{ ljifo,
-u_
sDkgLsf] gfd jf d' Vo p2]Zo kl/jt{g ug]{ ljifo, 50
-3_
Pp6f sDkgL csf]{ sDkgLdf ufleg] ljifo,
-ª_
af]g; z] o/ hf/L ug]{ ljifo,
-r_
sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm}n] vl/b ug]{ ljifo,
-5_
l8:sfp06df z] o/ laqmL ug]{ ljifo,
-h_
k|fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf jf klAns sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g] ljifo,
-em_ o; P]g jf lgodfjnLdf sDkgLn] ljif] z k|:tfj kfl/t ug'{ kg]{ elgPsf] cGo ljifo . *$= z]o/wgLx¿nfO{
;+lIfKt
cfly{s
ljj/0f
k7fpg]
Joj:yf
M
-!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lwtf]kq ahf/df ;"rLs[t ePsf] sDkgLn] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f / ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ 5}g . t/ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ;" rgf k7fpFbf k|To]s z]o/wgLnfO{ pkbkmf -@_ tyf -#_ adf]lhd tof/ kfl/Psf] ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z cg' ;f/ k7fpg' kg]{ ;+l IfKt cfly{s ljj/0f sDkgLsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tyf ;~rfnsx¿sf] k|l tj]bgsf] cfwf/df tof/ kfg'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] ljj/0fsf] 9fFrf k|rlnt sfg" g cg' ;f/ n]vfdfg lgwf{/0f ug{ tf]lsPsf] lgsfosf] ;'emfasf] cfwf/df sfof{ non] tf]s]adf]lhd x' g]5 . -#_ ;+l IfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fx¿ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f sDkgLsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f / ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f dfq xf] eGg] s'/f, -v_ ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f sDkgLsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tyf ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg cg'?k 5 jf 5}g eGg] s' /f / ;f] ljj/0f o; bkmf cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf cg's" n 5 jf 5}g eGg] af/]df sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] dGTfJo, -u_
n]vfk/LIfsn] sDkgLsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f af/]df s' g} s}lkmot b]vfPsf] jf gb]vfPsf] s'/f / s' g} s}lkmot b]vfPsf] eP To:tf] s}lkmotsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f / To:tf] s}lkmot a' ‰gsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fdu|Lx¿,
-3_
sDkgLsf] n]vf tyf n]vf;DaGwL ljj/0fx¿ ck"0 f{ ePsf] jf sDkgLsf] n]vf sDkgLn] /fv]sf] clen]v tyf ljj/0f;Fu ldNb} g eGg] af/]df jf dfu u/]sf] 51
hfgsf/L tyf :ki6Ls/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5}g eGg] af/]df n]vfk/LIfsn] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf] ePdf ;f] ;DaGwL k"0f{ ljj/0f . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z] o/wgLx?nfO{ sDkgLn]
JolQmut 7]ufgfdf ;+lIfKt
jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f k7fpg'sf] ;§f ;f] ljifodf ;efsf] ;" rgf k|sflzt ubf{sf] avt /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf sDtLdf b'O{k6s k|sfzg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;+lIfKt jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f k|sflzt ePsf]df ;f] ljj/0f z]o/wgLsf] JolQmut 7]ufgfdf k7fpg' cfjZos kg]{ 5}g . *%= btf{ gDa/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn] o; P]gsf] k| of] hgsf] lgldQ sfof{no;dIf k] z ug'{kg{] ;a} k|ltj]bg, ljj/0f, clen] v jf cGo sfuhftdf sDkgLsf] btf{ gDa/ pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b–^ ;~rfns ;ldlt *^= ;~rfns ;ldlt / ;~rfnssf] ;+Vof M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsx¿sf] lgo'lQm / lghx?sf] ;+ Vof lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/Padf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ k|To]s klAns sDkgLdf sDtLdf tLghgf / a9Ldf P3f/hgf;Dd ;~rfns ePsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt /xg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldlt u7g x'Fbf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] of]U otf ePsf] / ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf 1fg tyf cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] JolQmx?dWo] ;fthgf;Dd ;~rfns eP sDtLdf Pshgf / ;fthgfeGbf a9L ;~rfns ePdf sDtLdf b'O{hgf JolQmnfO{ :jtGq ;~rfnssf] ?kdf lgo'Qm ug'{ kg{]5 . -$_ ;~rfnsx¿n] cfk"mdWo]a f6 5fg]sf] s'g} Pshgf ;~rfns ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf x'g] 5 . *&= ;~rfnsx¿sf] lgo'lQm M -!_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsx¿sf] lgo'lQm bkmf *( tyf lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf Joj:yfx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ul/g]5 . t/, -!_
sDkgLsf] k| yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd ;~rfnsx¿sf] lgo'lQm ;+:yfksx?åf/f ul/g] 5 .
-@_
jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f lgo'Qm ul/Psf] ;~rfnssf] kb s'g} Joxf]/fn] l/Qm ePdf ;f] l/Qm :yfgdf ;~rfns ;ldltn] csf]{ ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug]{ 5 . 52
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z] o/ lnPsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf sDkgLsf ;~rfnsx?sf] hDDff ;+Vof / ;f] ;+:yfn] u|x0f u/]sf] z] o/ ;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf x'g cfpg] ;~rfns / To:tf] ;~rfns s'g} Joxf]/fn] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf efu lng g;Sg] cj:yf pTkGg ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] k| To]s ;~rfnssf] ;§fdf ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g / dtbfg ug{ j}slNks ;~rfns;d]t To:tf] ;+: yfn] lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/ lgo'Qm s'g} ;~rfns sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] ;~rfnsn] ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lghsf] j}slNks ;~rfns tyf ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf j}slNks ;~rfnsn] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf efu lng / dtbfg ug{ kfpg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm a}slNks ;~rfnsn] pkbkmf -#_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf efu lng / dtbfg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . **= ;~rfns x'gsf] lgldQ lng' kg]{ z]o/ M s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ ;f] sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf s'g} z]o/ ;+ Vof tf]lsPsf] eP ;f]adf]lhdsf] z] o/ ;~rfns x'g ] JolQmn] lnPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . To;/L gtf]lsPsf]d f sDtLdf Ps ;o z] o/ lnPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . t/ bkmf *^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ tyf bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g ] ;~rfnsn] To:tf] z] o/ lng' cfjZos x'g] 5}g . *(= ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g jf axfn /xg g;Sg] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf s'g} JolQm ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g M– -s_
klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ gk' u]sf],
-v_
duh lau|]sf] jf ax' nfPsf],
-u_
bfdf;fxLdf k/L kfF r jif{sf] cjlw k"/f gePsf],
-3_
e|i6frf/ jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] cGo s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf] , t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgL eP To:tf] ;hfo e'Qmfg ePsf] ldltn] tLg jif{ k"/f gePsf],
-ª_
s'g} k|sf/sf] rf]/ L, 7uL, sLt]{ jf cfˆgf] lhDdfsf] wgdfn cglws[t tj/n] df;]sf] jf b'?kof]u u/]sf] cleof]udf s;"/bf/ 7x/L ;hfo e'Qmfg ePsf] tLg jif{ k"/f gePsf],
-r_
;DalGwt sDkgLsf] Joj;fo jf s'g} 7]Ssf k§f jf sf/f]af/df s'g} k|sf/sf] lghL :jfy{ ePsf] ,
53
-5_
;dfg p2]Zo ePsf] csf]{ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL, sd{rf/L, n]vfk/LIfs jf ;Nnfxsf/ kbdf axfn /x]sf] jf To:tf] sDkgLdf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lghL :jfy{ ePsf] , t/ Pp6f k| fOe]6 sDkgLsf] To:tf] JolSt ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf] csf{] k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf ;~rfns x'g ;Sg] 5 .
-h_
;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ /sd a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] 7x/ ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] z]o/wgL,
-em_ bkmf !^) adf]lhd ;hfo kfPsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;hfo kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ ggf3]sf] jf bkmf !^! adf]lhd ;hfo kfPsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;hfo kfPsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf ggf3]sf], -`_
s'g} vf; Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgLsf] xsdf k|rlnt sfg"gn] s'g} of]Uotf tf]s]sf] eP To:tf] of]U otf gk'u]sf] jf s'g} cof]U otf tf]lsPsf] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] cof]Uotf ePsf] ,
-6_
nuftf/ tLg cfly{s jif{;Dd o; P]g cg' ;f/ sfof{nodf k]z ug{'[ kg]{ ljj/0f tyf k|ltj]bgx? k] z gug]{ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns /x]s f],
-7_
csf]{ s'g} ;"rLs[t sDkgLaf6 a}7s eQf / a}7s :yndf cfpg, hfg, a:gsf nflu nfUg] jf:tljs vr{afx]s cGo kfl/>lds jf s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ ;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] .
-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} JolQm :jtGq ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g M– -s_
pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPadf]lhdsf] JolQm,
-v_
;DalGwt sDkgLsf] z]o/wgL,
-u_
;DalGwt sDkgLn] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/L ;DalGwt If]qdf jf sDkgL Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfddf sDtLdf bz jif{sf] cg'ejk| fKt jf cy{, ljQ, Joj:yfkg, n]vf, tYofÍ, jfl0fHo, Jofkf/ k| zf;g jf sfg"g ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L ;DalGwt If]qdf sDtLdf bz jif{sf] cg'ej k| fKt gu/]sf],
-3_
;DalGwt sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L, n] vfk/LIfs, sd{rf/L jf To:tf] s'g} kbaf6 cjsfz k| fKt u/]sf] tLg jif{ k"/f gePsf],
-ª_
;DalGwt sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] glhssf] gft]bf/,
-r_
;DalGwt sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfs jf lghsf] ;fe]mbf/ .
-#_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} JolQm ;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g M– 54
-s_
pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df n]lvPadf]lhd ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf,
-v_
;fwf/0f ;efn] ;~rfnssf] kbaf6 x6fpg] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df,
-u_
;~rfnsn] cfˆgf] kbaf6 lbPsf] /fhLgfdf ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePdf,
-3_
sDkgLsf] sfd sf/afxLdf a]OdfgL jf ablgot u/]sf] s'/f cbfntaf6 7x/ ePdf,
-ª_
o; P]gadf]lhd ;~rfnsn] ug{ gx'g] egL tf]lsPsf] s'g} sfo{ u/]sf] jf ug'{ kg]{ egL tf]lsPsf] sfo{ gu/]sf] egL cbfntaf6 7x/ ePdf,
-r_
k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0f glt/L clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon] sfnf] ;"rLdf /fvL sfnf] ;" rLsf] cjlw sfod /x]sf] ePdf .
-$_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g jf axfn /xg cof]Uo 7x¥ofpg'cl3 sDkgLn] lghnfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] ;" rgf lbO{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf lbg' kg]{5 . ()= ;~rfnsx¿sf] sfo{sfn M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ePadf]lhd a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g ;Sg] 5 . t/, -!_
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfåf/f lgo'Qm ;~rfns g]kfn ;/sf/ jf lgo'Qm ug]{ ;+:yfsf] OR5f cg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-@_
bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+ zsf] qmd;+Vof -!_ tyf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] ;~rfns jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd dfq cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-#_
s'g} ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn k"/f gx'Fb} aLrdf kb l/Qm eO{ ;f] kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf] ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn h'g ;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm eO{ lgo'Qm ePsf] xf] ;f] ;~rfnssf] afFsL sfo{sfn;Ddsf] nflu dfq x'g] 5 .
-#_ k|rlnt sfg"g jf lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s Ps sfo{sfn ;dfKt eO{ ;~rfnssf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ JolQm ;~rfnssf] kbdf k'gM lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 . (!= ;~rfnsx¿sf] kfl/>lds, eQf, k'/:sf/ OToflb M -!_ ;~rfnsx¿n] a}7sdf pkl:yt ePafkt kfpg] a}7s eQf, dfl;s kfl/>lds, b}lgs eQf tyf e|d0f vr{ jf cGo ;'ljwf ;fwf/0f ;efn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g] 5 . 55
-@_ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k|: tfj kfl/t u/L sDkgLdf k"/f ;do sfd ug]{
;~rfnsx¿nfO{ k| f]T;fxg lbg sDkgLn] ltg'{ kg]{ cfos/ ltl/;s]kl5 afFsL /x]s f]
d'gfkmfsf] tLg k|ltztdf ga9fO{ k'/:sf/ lbg ;Sg]5 . t/ k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ clGtd ?kdf cfos/ lgwf{/0f x'Fb f sDkgLn] yk cfos/ ltg'{ kg]{ ePdf sDkgLn] To:tf] yk s/sf] /sd k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ ;~rfnsx?af6 lghx?n] k'/:sf/afkt k|fKt u/]sf] /sdsf] xb;Dd ;dfg'kflts ?kdf c;" npk/ u/L lng' kg]{5 . -#_ k|yd ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf] nflu k|aGw ;~rfns jf sDkgLdf k"/f ;do sfd ug]{ cGo ;~rfnssf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 . -$_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;" rLs[t sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePdf jf cjsfz k|fKt u/]df lghnfO{ sDkgLn] ;f] s'/fsf] Ifltk"lt{afkt s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e'QmfgL ug'{ xF'b}g . (@= ;~rfnsx¿n] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ ;~rfnsn] cfk"m ;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq b]xfosf s'/fsf] lnlvt hfgsf/L sDkgLnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} k|sf/sf] vl/b laqmL jf cGo k|sf/sf] 7]Ssf k§fdf cfk"m jf cfˆgf] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] k|ToIf ;+ nUgtf ePdf jf s'g} lsl;dsf] lghL :jfy{ ePdf, :ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æk|ToIf ;+nUgtfÆ eGgfn] ;~rfns jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ ;+:yfks /x]sf] jf bz k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] sDkgL jf k|fOe]6 kmd{ jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{ jf To:tf] sf/f]a f/df ;+nUg sDkgLsf] ;~rfns /x]sf] cj:yf;d]t nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_
sDkgLsf] k|aGw ;~rfns, sDkgL ;lrj, kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} k|sf/sf] :jfy{ ePdf,
-u_
cGo s'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns /x]df,
-3_
sDkgL jf To:tf] sDkgLsf] d'Vo jf ;xfos sDkgLsf] z] o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ljifodf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L u/fpFb f sDkgL / ;~rfns jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ aLrdf s'g} lnlvt ;Demf}tf ePsf]df To:tf] ;Demf}t fsf] k|ltlnlk k] z ug'{ kg]{ 5 / To:tf] ;Demf}t f gePdf sf/f]a f/ jf :jfy{ jf ;+nUgtf;F u ;DalGwt d' Vo / cfjZos s'/f v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L sDkgLn] k| fKt u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq sfof{nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 / sfof{non] To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]kl5 ;f] k| of] hgsf] nflu v8f u/]sf] 5'§ } btf{lstfadf clen] v u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . 56
-$_ s'g} ;~rfnssf] ;DalGwt sDkgL jf ;f] sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL;Fu ePsf] jf x'g] s'g} lsl;dsf] 7]Ssf, k§f, sf/f]af/ jf ;Demf}t fdf k| ToIf jf ck| ToIf ?kdf :jfy{ ufFl;Psf] eP jf :jfy{ ufFl;g] s'/f hfgsf/Ldf cfP lghn] To:tf] :jfy{sf] xb / ;f]s f] lsl;d;d]t v' nfO{ ;f] ;DaGwdf oyfzL3| sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ s'g} ;~rfnsn] s'g} lglZrt JolQm;Fusf] sf/f]af/df cfˆgf] lghL :jfy{ /x]sf] s'/f dflgof];\ egL sDkgLnfO{ lnlvt hfgsf/L lbPdf To:tf] JolQm;Fu x'g] sf/f]af/ jf s/f/sf ;DaGwdf lghn] cfˆgf] lghL :jfy{sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbPsf] dflgg]5 . (#= ;~rfnssf] ;+ nUgtf /x]sf] sDkgL;Fusf] sf/f]af/ M -!_ o; bkmfdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]d f afx]s s'g} klAns sDkgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[lt lagf cfˆgf] s'g} ;~rfns jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ jf cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL jf cfˆgf]] d' Vo sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[ltlagf ;xfos sDkgLn] d'Vo sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ jf cfwf/e"t z] o/wgL;Fu cy{k"0 f{ sf/f]a f/ ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . :ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æcy{ k"0f{ sf/f]af/Æ eGgfn] sf/f]af/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf Ps nfv ?k} ofF jf sDkgLsf] s'n ;DklQsf] kfF r k|ltztdWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f] eGbf a9L d"No kg]{ s'g} j:t' jf ;]jf vl/b, laqmL, n]gb]g ug]{, 7] Ssf k§f;DaGwL sf/f]a f/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] jflif{s Psnfv aL; xhf/ jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] axfn;DaGwL sf/f]af/;d] tnfO{ hgfpF5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L s'g} sf/f]af/ ePsf]df To:tf] sf/f]af/af6 k| ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf k|fKt u/]sf] s'g} /sd jf nfe sDkgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ 5 / To:tf] sf/f]af/af6 sDkgLnfO{ s'g} xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;f];d]t To:tf] sf/f]af/af6 nfe lng] JolQmn] Ifltk"lt{ ltg'{ kg]{ 5 . -#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg b]xfoadf]lhd k|fKt ul/Psf] lhG;L ;DklQsf ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g M– -s_
d'Vo sDkgLn] cfˆgf] k"0 f{ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;xfos sDkgLaf6 To:tf] ;DklQ k|fKt ubf{,
-v_
d'Vo sDkgLsf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;xfos sDkgLn] ;f] xL d'Vo sDkgLsf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] csf{] ;xfos sDkgLaf6 To:tf] ;DklQ k| fKt ubf{,
-u_
sDkgLsf] lgoldt Jofj;flos sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf k|rlnt ahf/ d"N odf sf/f]af/ ubf{ .
($= ;~rfnsn] z]o/ af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} JolQm ;~rfnssf] kbdf /xFbf lghn] ;f] sDkgL jf ;f] sDkgLsf] ;xfos jf d'Vo sDkgL jf d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos 57
sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df lghn] s'g} Joxf]/ fn] xs k| fKt u/]df sDkgLnfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 M– -s_
lghsf] xssf] Joxf]/f,
-v_
;DalGwt sDkgL jf cGo sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/df ;~rfnsdf axfn /xFbfsf avt lghsf] xs jf :jfy{ /x]s f] k| To]s ju{s f] z] o/ ;+ Vof / k| To]s ju{sf] l8a]~r/sf] /sdsf] ljj/0f .
-@_ b]xfosf] cj:yf pTkGg ePdf sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsn] cfk"m ;~rfns /x]sf] sDkgLnfO{ To:tf] cj:yf ePsf] cfk"mnfO{ hfgsf/L ePsf] kGw| lbgleq lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 M– -s_
s'g} sf/0faf6 lghn] cfk"m ;~rfns /x]sf] sDkgL jf ;f] sDkgLsf] ;xfos jf d'Vo sDkgL jf d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/df xs k|fKt ug]{ ePdf jf lghsf] xs ;dfKt x'g] ePdf,
-v_
lghsf] gfddf /x]sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/ a]Rgsf nflu lghn] s'g} ;Demf}tf u/]df,
-u_
cfk"m ;~rfns /x]sf] sDkgLn] To:tf] sDkgLsf] z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b ug{ k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/ cGo s;}nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]df,
-3_
cfk"m ;~rfns /x]sf] sDkgLsf] ;xfos jf d' Vo sDkgL jf To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL jf d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgLn] To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b ug{ clwsf/ lbPdf,
-ª_
v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ lghn] c? s;}nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]df .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L k7fpFbf z] o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] ;+ Vof, ;f]s f] /sd tyf ju{ ;d]t :ki6 v'nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ 5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd k| fKt hfgsf/L clen] v ug{sf] nflu sDkgLn] Pp6f 5'§ } btf{lstfa v8f ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ o; bkmfdf n]lvPsf] Joj:yf ;~rfnssf] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] ;DaGwdf ;d]t ;~rfns;/x g} nfu" x'g]5 . (%= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] clwsf/ / st{ Jo M -!_ o; P]g / lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ / ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{ osf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ sf/f]af/sf] Joj:yfkg, clwsf/x¿sf] k|of] u / st{Josf] kfng ;~rfnsx?n] ;fd"lxs ?kdf ;~rfns ;ldltdfk{mt ug]{5g\ . -@_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{ oadf]lhdafx]s s'g} klg klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsn] cfk"m axfn /x]sf] sDkgLdfk{mt cfk"mnfO{ JolQmut nfe x'g] sfd ug{ x'Fb}g . 58
t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL jf ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf pNn] v ePadf]lhd sDkgLdfk{mt ;~rfnsn] lng kfpg] nfesf ;DaGwdf dgfl;j Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ of] P]g, sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL jf k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}tfadf]lhd cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]d f afx]s ;~rfns ;ldltn] cfk"mdWo]sf s'g } ;~rfnsnfO{ jf sDkgLsf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ PSn} jf ;+ o'Qm ?kdf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g } klg sfd sf/afxL ug{, n]vfk9L ug{, ljlgdo clwsf/kq jf r]s cflbdf ;xL5fk ug{;d] t ;a} jf s]xL clwsf/ k|Tofof] hg u/L cfˆgf] k|ltlglw v8f ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ubf{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ sDtLdf Pshgf ;~rfns / sDkgL ;lrj eP lghn] ;f] s'/f k|d fl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf k|ltlglwsf] x}l;otn] sfd ug]{ JolQmn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]q gf3L u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxLaf6 sDkgLnfO{ k'Ug uPsf] xflg gf] S;fgL ;f] ;~rfns jf k|ltlglwaf6 sDkgLn] c;"npk/ u/L lng ;Sg]5 . -%_ ;~rfns jf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltlglwn] cfˆgf] JolQmut lxtsf nflu jf sDkgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL u/fpgsf] lgldQ s'g} sf/f]af/ ug{ nfu]s f] xf] eGg] hfgL hfgL jf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f eP/ klg s;}n] To:tf] ;~rfns jf k|ltlglw;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] JolQmn] sDkgLpk/ To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} bfaL ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -^_ pkbkmf -#+_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;~rfns ;ldltn] sDkgLnfO{ k|fKt b]xfosf clwsf/x¿ k|Tofof]hg ug{ kfpg] 5}g / o:tf clwsf/x¿ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 kfl/t
lg0f{o
cg';f/
dfq
k|of]u
ug'{
kg]{5 M– -s_
z]o/wgLx¿n] z] o/afkt a'emfpg afFsL /sdsf] e'QmfgL dfu ug{] clwsf/,
-v_
l8a]~r/ hf/L ug]{ clwsf/,
-u_
l8a]~r/afx]s cGo tl/sfaf6 C0f, ;fk6L lng] clwsf/,
-3_
sDkgLsf] sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sd nufgL ug]{ clwsf/,
-ª_
C0f lbg] clwsf/ .
-&_ a}lÍË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ sDkgLx?n] lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf lbg] C0f tyf k|fKt ug]{ lgIf]ksf] xsdf pkbkmf -^_ sf] v08 -ª_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . -*_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] s'g} vf; sfo{ u/fpg pk;ldlt u7g ug{ cfjZos 7fg]df cfjZostf cg' ;f/ Ps jf PseGbf a9L pk;ldlt u7g u/L To:tf] sfo{ u/fpg ;Sg] 5 .
59
(^= k|aGw
;~rfnssf]
lgo'lQm
/
sDkgLsf]
Joj:yfkg
M
-!_ lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL ;~rfnsx¿n] cfk"mdWo]a f6 PshgfnfO{ k|aGw ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -@_ k|aGw ;~rfnssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ lgodfjnLdf n]lvPadf]lhd jf ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g] 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|aGw ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] cGo ;~rfnsnfO{ sDkgLdf lgo'Qm ubf{ lgo'lQmsf] zt{ , kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f u/L lnlvt ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf / ;fwf/0f ;efn] lgwf{/0f u/] cg';f/ kfpg] cGo ;'ljwfafx]s cGo s'g} ;'ljwf lbg jf e'QmfgL ug{ kfOg] 5}g . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}t fsf] cjlw Psk6sdf rf/ jif{eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g . -%_ ;~rfnsx¿;Fu ePsf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf z] o/wgLx¿n] lgMz'Ns x]g{ kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ 5 . -^_ s'g} Ps ;"rLs[t sDkgLaf6 a}7s eQfafx]s lgoldt kfl/>lds jf ;'ljwf k|fKt ul//x]sf] ;~rfnsnfO{ lgoldt kfl/>lds jf ;'ljwf kfpg] u/L csf]{ ;"rLs[t sDkgLdf k|aGw ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . (&= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ k| fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s lgodfjnLdf n]lvPadf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{d f sDtLdf 5k6s a:g' kg]{ 5 . t/ b'O{ a}7ssf] aLrsf] cGt/ tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g . -#_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;~rfnsx¿ :jo+ pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 . ;~rfnssf] ;§f ;~rfnssf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ylt dfGo x'g] 5}g . -$_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsx?sf] hDdf ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf PsfpGg k|ltzt ;~rfnsx¿ pkl:yt geO{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] s'g} a}7s x'g] 5}g . t/ o; P]gadf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn x'g] s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ gkfpg] ;~rfnsnfO{ o; pkbkmfsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g] 5}g . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt ;+ Vofdf ;~rfnsx? pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0faf6 ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DkGg x'g g;s]df sDtLdf tLg lbgsf] ;"rgf lbO{ csf]{ a}7s af]nfpg ;lsg]5 . To:tf] a} 7sdf klg pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt ;+ Vofdf ;~rfnsx? pkl:yt gePdf pkl:yt ;~rfnsx?n] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxL tyf lg0f{ o dfGo x'g]5 . -^_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g]5 / dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIfn] ;~rfnssf] x}l;otn] lbPsf] dtsf] cltl/Qm lg0ff{os dt;d]t lbg ;Sg]5 . 60
t/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfˆgf] lghL ;/f]sf/ jf :jfy{ ePsf] ljifodf x'g ] 5nkmndf s'g} ;~rfnsn] efu lng jf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -&_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;~rfnsx¿, 5nkmn ePsf] ljifo / tT;DaGwdf
ePsf]
lg0f{ osf]
ljj/0f
-dfO{Go"6_ sf] 5'§} clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] lg0f{ o ljj/0fdf a}7sdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0 f{ ;~rfnsx¿sf] sDtLdf PsfpGg k|ltztn] ;xL ug'{ kg]{ 5 . t/ s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn ubf{ s'g} ;b:on] lg0f{ osf] ljk/Lt jf To:tf] lg0f{ oeGbf leGg ljrf/ /fv]df ;f] xL s'/f a}7ssf] lg0f{ osf] ljj/0f -dfOGo"6_ df clen]v ug{ ;Sg]5 . -*_ s'g} ;b:osf] ;xL gePsf] sf/0fn] dfq ;f] lg0f{o cj} w ePsf] dflgg] 5}g . -(_ pkbkmf -#_, -$_, -%_ / -^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLn] :ki6 /f]s nufPsf]df afx]s ;~rfns ;ldlt jf ;~rfnsx¿sf] s'g } pk;ldltn] ug{ kfpg] s'g} sfd jf lg0f{osf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfns ;ldlt jf pk;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox¿ lnlvt ?kdf ;xdt ePdf To:tf] ;xdltnfO{ lg0f{osf] ljj/0fsf] ?kdf clen] v u/L To:tf] sfd a} 7s lagf klg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhdsf] ;xdlt ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ o;/x dflgg]5 . (*= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a} 7ssf] ;"rgf M -!_ sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s sDkgL ;lrj jf ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf sDkgLsf sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] af] nfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;~rfnssf] s'n ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf kRrL; k|ltzt ;~rfnsn] a}7sdf 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{ ljifo vf]nL lnlvt ?kdf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jf]nfpg dfu u/]df To:tf] dfu k| fKt ePsf] ;ft lbgleq cWoIfn] ;ldltsf] a}7s af]]nfpg' kg]{5 . ;f] cjlwleq ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s gaf]nfPdf To:tf] dfu ug]{ ;DalGwt ;~rfns cfkm}n] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a} 7s af] nfpg ;Sg] 5 . -#_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgfsf] af/]df sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf s'g} Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP ;f]xL cg';f/ x'g]5 . To:tf] Joj:yf gul/Psf]df ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf tyf 5nkmnsf] ljifo k|To]s ;~rfnsnfO{ lghn] sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 7]ufgfdf lnlvt ?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf] ;" rgf ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 klg lbg ;lsg]5 . ((= ;~rfnsx¿sf] hjfkmb]xL tyf bfloTj M -!_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsn] sDkgLdfk{mt jf sDkgLsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf JolQmut kmfObf lng] sfd ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;~rfnsn] JolQmut kmfObf lnPsf] ePdf ;f] /sd sDkgLn] To:tf] ;~rfnsaf6 C0f;/x e/fO{ lng]5 . 61
-#_ s'g} JolQm klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfns lgo'Qm ePkl5 lghn] cfˆgf] sfo{e f/ ;DxfNg'eGbf klxn] g} tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf uf]K otf / OdfGbfl/tfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 . -$_ sDkgLsf k|To]s ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbLo bfloTj lgjf{x ubf{ sDkgLsf] :jfy{ / lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL OdfGbf/Lk"j{s c;n lgotn] sfd ug'{ kg]{ 5 / ;fdfGo ljj]s / 1fg ePsf] JolQm;/x lxkmfhtL, ;fjwfgL, a'l4dQf, s'zntf tyf bIftfsf] k|of] u ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L ablgot lrtfO{ sDkgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'Ug] lsl;daf6 sfd sf/afxL ug]{ ;~rfnsaf6 sDkgLnfO{ x'g uPsf] xflg gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ sDkgLn] c;"npk/ u/L lng ;Sg]5 . -^_ o; P]g, sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL / ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}t fsf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{ k|To]s ;~rfnssf] st{Jo x'g]5 . !))= lwtf]kqsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} sDkgLsf] z] o/ jf l8a]~ r/ lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yfdf ;" rLs[t ePsf] eP To:tf] sDkgLsf] z] o/ jf l8a]~r/sf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfnsn] bkmf ($ adf]lhd sDkgLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 sDkgLn] cljnDa ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L To:tf] ;+:yfnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf] hfgsf/LnfO{ To:tf] ;+:yfn] cfk"mn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] tl/sfaf6 k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . !)!= kbflwsf/L jf z] o/wgLnfO{ C0f k|bfg ug{ k|ltjGw M -!_ sDkgLn] cfˆgf kbflwsf/L, cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL jf d'Vo sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L, z]o/wgL jf lghx? s;}sf] glhssf] gft]bf/nfO{ s'g} C0f jf cfly{s ;xfotf k|bfg ug'{ x'Fb}g / To:tf kbflwsf/L jf z] o/wgL jf glhssf] gft]bf/n] cGoq lnPsf] C0fsf] nflu s'g} hdfgt lbg jf ;'/If0f k|bfg ug{ x'Fb}g . t/ sDkgLsf sd{rf/LnfO{ sDkgLsf] lgodfg';f/ lbOg] C0f jf ;'ljwf jf k|rlnt sfg"gn] /f]s nufPsf]df afx]s s'g} a}Í jf ljQLo ;+: yfaf6 lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf k|bfg ul/g] C0f jf lbOg] hdfgtsf] ;DaGwdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . -@_ of] P]g k| f/De x'g'cl3 pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} JolQmn] sDkgLaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] s'g} C0f ;Dat\ @)^% ;fn cflZjg @@ ut]leq r'Qmf ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . !)@= kbflwsf/Ln] e"m§f ljj/0f lbg gx'g] M sDkgLsf kbflwsf/Ln] sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf sDkgLsf] jf:tljs ljQLo l:yltsf] ;DaGwdf hfgLhfgL e"m§f ljj/0f lbO{ sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ d'gfkmfaf6 afF8\g ;lsg]eGbf a9L nfef+ z aFf8\g k|]l/t u/L sDkgLsf] k"FhLdf c;/ kfg{] sfo{ u/]df To:tf] sfo{sf] nflu To;/L e"m¶f ljj/0f lbg] kbflwsf/L JolQmut ?kdf pQ/bfoL x'g]5 . 62
!)#= cGo JolQm;Fusf] sf/f]af/ / sDkgLsf] clwsf/ If]q M -!_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqdf pNn] v ePsf] s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df sDkgLn] cGo JolQm;Fu u/]sf] s'g} sf/f]af/ clwsf/If]qljxLg ePsf] eGg] sf/0faf6 dfq To:tf] sf/f]a f/ ca} w jf cdfGo x'g] 5}g . -@_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqdf lgwf{l/t clwsf/If]qsf] ;Ldfleq /xL To:tf] sf/f]a f/ ug'{ k|To]s ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Lsf] st{ Jo x'g]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt cj:yfafx]s s'g} ;~rfnsn] cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt clVtof/LeGbf aflx/ uO{ u/]sf] sfd sf/f]af/ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L cg'df]bg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ljz]if k|:tfjåf/f s'g} sfd sf/afxL cg'df]bg ePsf] sf/0faf6 dfq sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf cGo JolQmn] clwsf/ If]q g3fO{ ul/Psf sfd sf/afxLafkt o; P]g cGtu{tsf] bfloTjaf6 lghn] 5"6 kfPsf] dflgg] 5}g . !)$= sDkgLnfO{ aGwgsf/L x'g] M -!_ sDkgLsf] clwsf/k| fKt sDtLdf Pshgf ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf] nflu sfd ug{ clVtof/Lk| fKt JolQmåf/f eP u/]sf] sfd sf/afxL / ;xL ePsf] sfuhft sDkgLsf] nflu dfGo tyf aGwgsf/L x'g]5 . -@_ s'g} JolQmn] c;n lgotn] sDkgL;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf]df To:tf] sf/f]af/ sDkgLnfO{ aGwgsf/L x'g]5 / sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf sDkgLåf/f kfl/t s'g} klg k|:tfj, sDkgL / o;sf] s'g} klg z] o/wgLaLrdf ePsf] ;Demf}t fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{ ;~rfns jf clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmsf] clVtof/df s'g} ;Ldf jf aGb]h nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g . t/ s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] cfk"mnfO{ k| fKt clVtof/LeGbf a9L clVtof/L k| of] u u/L pkbkmf !_ jf -@_ df n]lvPsf] s'g} sfd jf sf/f]af/ u/]df To:tf] clVtof/L ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 o; P]gadf]lhd cg'df]bg gePdf lgh JolQmut ?kdf lhDd]jf/ /xg]5 / To:tf] sfd sf/f]af/af6 sDkgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] /x] 5 eg] ;f] ;d]t sDkgLn] lghaf6 e/fO lng ;Sg]5 . !)%= ;~rfnsx?sf] clVtof/Ldf k|ltaGw M -!_ s'g} klAns sDkgL jf a} Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f k|fKt ug]{ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] z]o/wgLx?sf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t gu/fO{ b] xfosf] s'g} sfd ug{ u/fpg kfpg] 5}g M– -s_
cfk"m n] ;~rfng u/L cfPsf] Ps jf PseGbf a9L Joj;fo -cG8/6]lsË_ sf] ;Q/L k|ltzteGbf a9L Joj;fo laqmL, bfg, as;, jxfn jf cGo s''g} tl/sfaf6 s;} nfO{ xs 5fl8lbg,
63
-v_
lgoldt Jofj;flos sf/f]a f/sf] l;nl;nfdf sDkgLn] a} Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 5 dlxgfeGbf sd cjlwsf] nflu lnPsf] C0f ;'ljwfafx]s cfˆgf] r'Qmf k"FhL / ;l~rt d'gfkmf -lk|m l/he{_ sf] hDdf /sdeGbf a9L x'g] u/L C0f lng,
-u_
sDkgLsf] sd{rf/L jf cfˆgf] Joj;fosf] k|j4{gsf] nflu lbPsf] cg'bfg, rGbf, pkxf/ cflbdf ul/Psf] vr{a fx]s Ps cfly{s jif{df krf; xhf/ ?k} ofF jf sDkgLsf] ljut tLg cfly{s jif{sf] ;/b/ v'b d'gfkmfsf] Ps k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] /sddWo] h'g sd x'G5, ;f] /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] rGbf, cg'bfg jf bfg lbg . t/, -!_ rn crn ;DklQ vl/b laqmLsf] dfq Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{] sDkgLaf6 k|rlnt ahf/ d"No lt/L sDkgLsf] s'g} ;DklQ jf Joj;fo vl/b ug]{ JolQmn] To:tf] ;DklQ jf Joj;fo -cG8/6]lsË_ df k|fKt u/]sf] xs :jfldTjdf v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] c;/ kfg]{ 5}g . -@_ a}lÍË jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ jf aLdf Joj;fo ug]{ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf ;j{;fwf/0faf6 lgIf]k jf aLdf z'Ns k|fKt ubf{ v08 -v_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu :jLs[lt k|bfg ubf{ ;fwf/0f ;efn] pko'Qm zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg] 5 . !)^= eO{;s]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] dfGotf M s'g} ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQmsf ;DaGwdf o; P]g cGtu{t s'g} Joj:yfsf] kfngf gePsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfu]d f ;f] kQf nfUg'eGbf cl3 To:tf] ;~rfnsn] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxL ;f] s'/fn] ab/ x'g] 5}g . !)&= ;~rfns tyf sDkgL ;lrjsf] btf{lstfa M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] ;~rfns tyf sDkgL ;lrj eP lghsf] Pp6f 5'§} btf{lstfa /fVg' kg]{ 5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] btf{lstfadf k|To]s sDkgLn] cfˆgf] ;~rfns jf ;lrjsf] gfd, y/, 7]u fgf, gful/stf, k]zf, Joj;fo, ;~rfns jf ;lrj lgo'Qm ePsf] / kbaf6 x6]sf] eP ;f]sf] ldlt;d]t clen]v u/L /fVg' kg]{ 5 / ;f] ljj/0fdf s'g} s'/f x]/km]/ ePdf ;f]sf] ;" rgf;d]t kGw| lbgleq sfof{ nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . kl/R5]b–& sDkgLsf] lx;falstfa / n] vf !)*= sDkgLsf] n]vf M -!_ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] n]vf g]kfnL jf c+ u|]hL efiffdf /Ltk"j{s /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf bf]xf]/f] n] vfk|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t / sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ l:ylt :ki6 ?kdf k|ltljlDjt x'g] u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt 64
lgsfon] nfu" u/]sf] n] vfdfg -PsfpG6LË :6\of088{_ / o; P]gadf]lhd kfngf ug'{ kg]{ cGo zt{ tyf Joj:yf cg'?k /fVg' kg]{5 . -#_ sfof{non] :jLs[lt lbPsf]df afx]s sDkgLsf] n] vf sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{noafx]s cGoq /fVg ;lsg] 5}g . -$_ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf] /sdafx]s sDkgL;Fu /x]sf] gub df}Hbft a}Ídf bflvn u/L a}Ídfk{mt g} sf/f]af/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ o; kl/R5]bdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] lx;falstfa tyf n]vf /fVg] clGtd lhDd]jf/L ;~rfnsx? jf cGo kbflwsf/Lx?df /xg]5 . -^_ sDkgLsf] n] vf tyf jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf kfngf gePdf To:tf] n] vf, jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tyf cGo k|ltj]bgx? h'g JolQm ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Lsf] x}l;otdf sfo{/t /x]sf] avt ePsf] xf] ;f]xL JolQm o; P]gadf]lhd lhDd]jf/ /xg]5 . !)(= jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f / ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ klAns sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] k|To]s jif{ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf sDtLdf tL; lbg cufj} / k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq tf]lsPsf] 9F frfdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_
cfly{s jif{s f] clGtd ldltsf] jf;nft,
-v_
cfly{s jif{s f] gfkmf gf]S;fgLsf] lx;fa,
-u_
cfly{s jif{s f] gub k|j fxsf] ljj/0f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ug]{ jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{s f] cGTo;Dd sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ / jf:tljs l:ylt b] vfO{ ;f] cfly{s jif{df ePsf] gfkmf–gf] S;fgLsf] lx;fa tyf gub k|jfxsf] ljj/0f;d]t bzf{OPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . To:tf] cfly{s ljj/0f k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] / n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -$_ k|To]s klAns sDkgL jf Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF jf ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] jf jflif{s bz s/f] 8 jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]a f/ ePsf] k| To]s k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/g] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ljj/0f pNn]v u/L ;~rfns ;ldltsf] 5'§} k|ltj]bg;d]t ;f]xL cjlwdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_
ljut jif{sf] sf/f]af/sf] l;+ xfjnf]sg,
-v_
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltaf6 sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/nfO{ s'g} c;/ k/]sf] eP ;f] c;/, 65
-u_
k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] ldlt;Dd rfn" jif{sf] pknlAw / eljiodf ug'{ kg]{ s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] wf/0ff,
-3_
sDkgLsf] cf}B f]lus jf Jofj;flos ;DaGw,
-ª_
;~rfns ;ldltdf ePsf] x]/ km]/ / ;f]sf] sf/0f,
-r_
sf/f]af/nfO{ c;/ kfg]{ d' Vo s'/fx¿,
-5_
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf s'g} s}lkmot pNn]v ePsf] eP ;f]pk/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|lts[of,
-h_
nfef+z afF8kmfF8 ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] /sd,
-em_ z]o/ hkmt ePsf] eP hkmt ePsf] z] o/ ;+ Vof, To:tf] z]o/sf] clÍt d"N o, To:tf] z] o/ hkmt x'g'eGbf cufj} ;f]afkt sDkgLn] k| fKt u/]sf] hDdf /sd / To:tf] z] o/ hkmt ePkl5 ;f] z]o/ laqmL u/L sDkgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] /sd tyf hkmt ePsf] z] o/afkt /sd lkmtf{ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f, -`_
ljut cfly{s jif{df sDkgL / o;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] k|ult / ;f] cfly{s jif{s f] cGtdf /x]sf] l:yltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg,
-6_
sDkgL tyf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLn] cfly{s jif{df
;DkGg u/]sf] k|d'v
sf/f]af/x? / ;f] cjlwdf sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/df cfPsf] s'g} dxTjk"0f{ kl/jt{g, -7_
ljut cfly{s jif{d f sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z] o/wgLx?n] sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] hfgsf/L,
-8_
ljut cfly{s jif{d f sDkgLsf ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Lx?n] lnPsf] z]o/sf] :jfldTjsf] ljj/0f / sDkgLsf] z] o/ sf/f]af/df lghx? ;+ nUg /x]sf] eP ;f] ;DaGwdf lghx?af6 sDkgLn] k| fKt u/]sf] hfgsf/L,
-9_
ljut cfly{s jif{df sDkgL;Fu ;DalGwt ;Demf} tfx?df s'g} ;~rfns tyf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] JolQmut :jfy{sf] af/]df pknAw u/fOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] Joxf]/ f,
-0f_
sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfkm}n] vl/b u/]sf] eP To;/L cfˆgf] z] o/ vl/b ug'{sf] sf/0f, To:tf] z] o/sf] ;+ Vof / clÍt d"No tyf To;/L z] o/ vl/b u/]afkt sDkgLn] e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd,
-t_
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0 ffnL eP jf gePsf] / ePsf] eP ;f]s f] lj:t[t ljj/0f,
-y_
ljut cfly{s jif{sf] s' n Joj:yfkg vr{sf] ljj/0f,
-b_
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL, lghx?n] k|fKt u/]sf] kfl/>lds, eQf tyf ;'ljwf, ;f] ;ldltn] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f / ;f] ;ldltn] s'g} ;'emfj lbPsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f, 66
-w_
;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d' v, sDkgLsf cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL jf lghsf] glhssf gft]bf/ jf lgh ;+nUg /x]sf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+u 7Lt ;+:yfn] sDkgLnfO{ s'g} /sd a'emfpg afFsL eP ;f] s'/f,
-g_
;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d' v tyf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{
e'QmfgL
ul/Psf] kfl/>lds, eQf tyf ;'ljwfsf] /sd, -k_
z]o/wgLx?n] a'lemlng afFsL /x]sf] nfef+zsf] /sd,
-km_
bkmf !$! adf]lhd ;DklQ vl/b jf laqmL u/]sf] s'/fsf] ljj/0f,
-a_
bkmf !&% adf]lhd ;Da4 sDkgLaLr ePsf] sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f,
-e_
o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{ cGo s'g} s'/f,
-d_
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] jif{sf] xsdf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ldltb]lv ;f]xL cfly{s jif{sf] cGt;Ddsf] / To;kl5sf jif{x?df cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] lx;fa;d] t ;dfj] z ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{ 5 . -^_ o; bkmfadf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f s'g} z]o/wgLn] lg/LIf0f ug{ rfx]d f lg/LIf0f ug{ kfpg] u/L v' nf /fVg' kg]{5 . -&_ o; bkmf cg';f/ tof/ kfl/Psf] jflif{s cfly{s laj/0f tyf ;~rfnssf] k|ltj]bg ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t eO{
;f]df ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf / sDtLdf Pshgf
;~rfnsn] x:tfIf/ ug{' kg]{5 . -*_ sDkgLn] o; kl/R5]badf]lhd tof/ kf/]sf] n]vf tyf jflif{s cfly{s laj/0f ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf kfFr jif{;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 . -(_ e"m§f Joxf]/ fsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg tyf o; P]g cg';f/ tof/ ug'{ kg]{ cGo ljj/0f tyf k|ltj]bgx? tof/ kfg]{ kbflwsf/L tyf :jLs[t ug]{ ;~rfnsx?nfO{ of] P]g cg';f/ ;hfo x'g]5 . kl/R5]b–* n]vfk/LIf0f !!)= sDkgLn] n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] cfˆgf] n] vfk/LIf0f u/fpg o; P]gadf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -@_ s'g} sDkgLsf] g]kfn /fHoaflx/ zfvf sfof{ no ePdf To:tf] zfvf sfof{ no /x]s f] d'n'ssf] k|rlnt sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]d f afx]s pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfsn] ;f] zfvfsf] klg n] vfk/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 . 67
!!!= n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm M -!_ sDkgLsf] n] vfk/LIfs k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd n]vf k/LIf0f ug{ Ohfhtkq k| fKt n]vfk/LIfsx¿dWo]a f6 klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf kl/R5]b !* sf] cwLgdf /xL ;fwf/0f ;efn] / k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}t fdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd / ;f] gePdf ;fwf/0f ;efn] lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 / To;/L lgo'Qm ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq lghsf] gfd sfof{ nodf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 . t/ k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf cl3 ;~rfns ;ldltn] n] vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] n] vfk/LIfs To;kl5 a:g] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef;Dd dfq axfn /xg]5 . -#_ klAns sDkgLsf] n] vfk/LIf0f ug{ Pp6} n] vfk/LIfs, lghsf] ;fem]bf/ jf k"j { ;fem]bf/ jf sd{rf/L jf e"t k"j{ sd{rf/LnfO{ nuftf/ tLgk6seGbf a9L n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . t/ tLg jif{ klxn] g} ;fem]bf/Laf6 cnu x'g] ;fem]bf/ jf To:tf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;]jfaf6 cnu ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] k|ltaGw nfu" x'g] 5}g . !!@= n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf JolQm jf To:tf JolQm lx:;]bf/ ePsf] kmd{ jf sDkgL n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g / lgo'Qm eO;s]sf] eP klg axfn /xg ;Sg] 5}g M– -s_
sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, lgoldt kfl/>lds jf gub ;'ljwf kfpg] u/L lgo'Qm ;Nnfxsf/, sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg ;d"xdf /x]sf] JolQm jf sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ jf lghx? s;}sf] ;fem]bf/ jf To:tf] ;fem]bf/dWo] s'g}sf] sd{rf/L jf lghx?dWo] ;~rfns jf ;fem]bf/sf] glhssf] gft]bf/ jf lghsf] sd{rf/L,
-v_
sDkgLaf6 s'g} lsl;dn] C0f lnPsf] cf;fdL jf sDkgLnfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ s'g} /sd Dofbleq e'Qmfg gu/L afFsL /x]sf] JolQm jf To:tf] JolQmsf] glhssf] gft]bf/,
-u_
n]vfk/LIf0f;DaGwL s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf] tLg jif{s f] cjlw e'Qmfg gePsf] JolQm,
-3_
;fx"sf] bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] JolQm,
-ª_
sDkgLsf] cfwf/e"t z] o/wgL jf sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"F hLsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf]] z]o/wgL jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]b f/,
-r_
e|i6frf/, 7uL jf g}lts ktg x'g] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf] kfF r jif{sf] cjlw e'Qmfg gePsf] JolQm,
-5_
bkmf !!! sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] JolQm, 68
-h_
klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf s'g} klg ;/sf/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0 f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f /x]sf] ;+: yf jf cGo s'g} sDkgLdf k"0f{ jf cf+l zs ;do sfd ug]{ JolQm jf lghsf] ;fem]bf/ jf To:tf] ;fem]bf/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf sfo{/t JolQm jf sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgsf] tkm{af6 tof/ x'g] s'g} lnvt jf k|ltj]bgdf x:tfIf/ ug{ clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm,
-em_ ;Lldt bfloTj ePsf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf . -`_
sDkgL;Fusf] sf/f]af/df s'g} :jfy{ ePsf] JolQm jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ jf sDkgL;Fusf] sf/f]af/df s'g} :jfy{ ePsf] csf]{ sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf cfwf/e"t z] o/wgL .
-@_
n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"m lgo'Qm x'g'cl3 pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cof]Uo gePsf] s'/f
sDkgLnfO{ lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ s'g} n]vfk/LIfs cfˆgf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt gxF'b} s'g} sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ cof]Uo ePdf jf sDkgLsf] n] vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm x'g jf sfod /xg g;Sg] l:ylt pTkGg ePdf lghn] n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ jf ul//x]sf] sfd tTsfn /f]sL ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf sDkgLnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ o; bkmfsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L lgo'Qm ePsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f dfGo x'g] 5}g . !!#= sfof{ non] n] vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] M sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf sf/0fjz n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm x'g g;s]df jf jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef g} x'g g;s]df jf o; P]gadf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] n]vfk/LIfs s'g} sf/0fjz sfod /xg g;s]df sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cg'/f]wdf sfof{non] csf]{ n] vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . !!$= lx;falstfa / n] vf lbg' kg]{ M n]vfk/LIf0f ug{sf] nflu n] vfk/LIfsn] sDkgLsf] lx;falstfa / n]vf sfof{ no ;doleq h'g;'s} avt dfu]df klg lbg' kg]{5 / s'g} s}lkmot dfu u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] oyfy{ hjfkm;d]t ;DalGwt ;~rfns jf sd{rf/Ln] dgfl;j ;doleq lbg' kg]{5 . !!%= n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd / st{Jo M -!_ n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf] lx;fa, lstfa / n]vfsf] cfwf/df
sDkgLsf] jf;nft, gfkmf gf] S;fgLsf] lx;fa tyf gub k|j fx ljj/0f
k|dfl0ft u/L z] o/wgLx? jf lgo'Qm ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg sDkgLnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg k| rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ jf clwsf/ k| fKt lgsfon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0fdfg -cl86 :6\of088{_ cg'?k x'g' kg]{ 5 / To:tf] k|ltj]bgdf cfjZostf cg';f/ o; P]gadf]lhd v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . 69
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] n] vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fx?sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/f klg v'nfpg' kg]{ 5 M– -s_
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos ;"rgf / :ki6Ls/0f pknAw eP jf gePsf],
-v_
o; P]g cg'? k sDkgLn] cfˆgf] sf/f]a f/sf] oyfy{ l:ylt :ki6 x'g] u/L n] vf /fv] jf g/fv]s f],
-u_
k|fKt ePsf] jf;nft, gfkmf gf] S;fgLsf] lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] n] vfdfg cg'?k tof/ eP jf gePsf] / To:Tff ljj/0fx¿ sDkgLn] /fv]sf] n] vf;Fu b'?:t /x] jf g/x]sf] ,
-3_
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf pknAw u/fOPsf :ki6Ls/0f tyf ;" rgfx¿sf] cfwf/df n] vfk/LIfssf] /fo;fy k|: t't jf;nftn] sDkgLsf] cfly{s cj:yfsf] tyf ;f]xL ldltdf ;dfKt ePsf] jif{s f] gfkmf gf]S;fgLsf] lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0fn] qmdzM sDkgLsf] gfkmf gf] S;fg / gub k|jfxsf] ;d'lrt lrq0f u/] jf gu/]sf],
-ª_
;~rfns ;ldlt jf k|ltlglw jf s'g} sd{rf/Ln] sfg"glj?4 sfd sfh u/]sf] jf sDkgLsf] ;DklQ lxgfldgf u/]sf] jf sDkgLsf] xflg gf]S;fgL u/] jf u/fPsf] eP ;f] s'/f,
-r_
sDkgLdf n] vf;DaGwL s'g} hfn;fhL u/] jf gu/]sf],
-5_
s'g} ;'emfj eP To:tf ;'emfjx¿ .
!!^= n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf n]vfk/LIfssf] ;xL x'g' kg]{ M -!_ o; P]gadf]lhd s'g} sDkgLaf6 lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfsn] tof/ u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf ;f] JolQm :j+on] g} x:tfIf/ u/L ldlt v'nfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ s'g} sDkgLn] k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfo{ ug]{ k|df0fkq k|fKt n]vf Joj;foL ;+:yfnfO{ n] vfk/LIfssf] ?kdf lgo'Qm u/]sf] eP To:tf] ;+:yfsf] ;fem]bf/x?sf] lg0f{o cg' ;f/ clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] ;b:on] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf x:tfIf/ u/L ldlt v'nfpg' kg]{5 . !!&= ;"rgf lbg' kg]{ M n]vfk/LIfsn] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgsf] k|ltlnlk o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLn] z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] sDkgLdf cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] Joj:yf ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] 6]«8 o'lgogsf] lnlvt cg'/f]wdf sDkgLn] ;f] 6]«8 o'lgognfO{ k|ltj]bgsf] Psk|lt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . !!*= n]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds M n] vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds lgo'lQmstf{n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 / ;f] kfl/>lds sDkgLn] Joxf]g]{ 5 . 70
!!(= lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ x6fpg] Joj:yf M -!_ o; kl/R5]bcg';f/ lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ h'g cfly{s jif{sf] nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ul/Psf] xf] ;f] cfly{s jif{sf] n] vfk/LIf0fsf] sfd ;dfKt geP;Dd x6fpg ;lsg] 5}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIfssf] cfr/0fljk/Lt sfd u/]d f, cfk"m nfO{ n] vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug]{ sDkgLsf] lxtljk/Lt x'g] sfo{ u/]df jf k|rlnt sfg"gljk/Lt sfd u/]d f g]kfn rf6{ 8{ Psfp06]06\ ; ;+ :yfnfO{ k" j{ hfgsf/L lbO{ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] Joj;fo lgoldt ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"g cg' ;f/ clwsf/ k|fKt lgodgsf/L lgsfo eP To:tf] lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ / geP sfof{nosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ h'g k|lqmofaf6 n] vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ePsf] xf] ;f] xL k|lqmofaf6 lghnfO{ x6fpg ;lsg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/ n] vfk/LIfsnfO{ x6fpFbf lghnfO{ cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k|:t't ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf lbg' kg]{5 . kl/R5]b–( s}lkmot tna / hfF r !@)= sfof{ non] s}lkmot tna ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ sDkgLaf6 k]z ePsf] sfuhftx¿af6 s'g} s'/f gv'n]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] Joxf]/f v' nfpg jf s'g} s'/fsf] s}lkmot tna ug'{ k/]df sfof{non] plrt Dofb tf]sL sDkgLnfO{ s}lkmot tna ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s}lkmot tna ul/Psf s'/fx¿df sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgn] plrt hjfkm ;f] xL Dofbleq k7fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ s}lkmot tnasf] l;nl;nfdf sDkgLsf] sfd sf/afxLdf s'g} clgoldttf b]lvPdf ;f] lgoldt ug{ u/fpg sfof{non] sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ sDkgLsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . !@!= sfof{ non] lg/LIfs v6fpg ;Sg] M -!_ s'g} sDkgLn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL, ljj/0fkq, ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}tf jf k|rlnt sfg"gljk/Lt sfd u/]sf] 5 egL sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] sDtLdf bz k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ jf z]o/wgLsf] hDdf ;+ Vofsf] sDtLdf rf/ v08sf] Ps v08 z] o/wgLx¿ jf ;/f]s f/jfnf ;fx"n] dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{ ;a'b k|df0f;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf sfof{non] cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps jf PseGbf a9L lg/LIfs v6fO{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lg/LIfs n]vf, sfg"g, ljQ, Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo, pBf]u jf sDkgL k|zf;g jf sDkgLn] ug]{ Joj;fo;F u ;DalGwt ljifodWo] s'g} Ps ljifosf] ljz]if1 x'g kg]{5 . To:tf] sfo{sf nflu nfUg] cg'dflgt vr{sf] /sd sfof{ non] tf]s]adf]lhd lgj]bsn] sfof{ nodf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfof{ nonfO{ b]xfosf] cj:yf 5 eGg] nfu]d f pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg gk/] tfklg sfof{ non] cfjZostf cg';f/ pkbkmf 71
-!_ adf]lhd of] Uotf k'u]sf] lg/LIfs lgo'Qm u/L sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fo hFrfpg ;Sg]5 M– -s_
s'g} sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fodf sDkgLsf z]o/wgL jf ;fx"x¿nfO{ 7u]sf] jf c? lsl;dn] hfn;fh u/]sf] jf u}/ sfg"gL dtna xfl;n u/]sf] jf ;fj{hlgs lxtljk/Ltsf sfo{ x¿ u/]sf] hfgsf/L ePdf, jf
-v_
s'g} klAns sDkgLn] cfˆgf] sfd sf/f]a f/ af/] lbg' kg]{ ;" rgf glbPdf .
!@@= lg/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ bkmf !@! adf]lhd vl6Psf] jf lgo'Qm ePsf] lg/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b] xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M– -s_
hfFra'em ug]{ qmddf cfk"mn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf sDkgLsf jt{dfg jf k"j{ kbflwsf/L jf z] o/wgL jf hfFra'em ug'{ kg]{ ljifo;Fu ;Da4 hfgsf/L 5 egL 7flgPsf cGo JolQmnfO{ cfk"m;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ aofg lng], cfjZos hfgsf/L k| fKt ug]{ jf cGo dgfl;a ;xof] u k| fKt ug]{ ,
-v_
hfFra'emsf] nflu ;fGble{s sfuhftx? lg/LIf0f ug]{ jf cGo s'g} rLh a:t' sAhf jf lgoGq0fdf /fVg] jf s'g} ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 To:tf] sfuhft jf rLh a:t' cfk"m ;dIf bflvn u/fpg nufpg] jf To:tf] sfuhft cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lng],
-u_
sDkgLsf] n]vf 7Ls;F u /fv]sf] jf g/fv]s f] hfFRg] jf hfFRg nufpg] .
-@_ o; kl/R5]badf]lhd hfFra'emsf] qmddf s'g} JolQmn] lg/LIfs;dIf JoQm u/]sf] s'/f jf lbPsf] jofg k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghsf] lj?4 k|df0fsf] ?kdf u| fXo x'g] 5 . !@#= lg/LIfsnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] e"m§f aofg lbPdf, bkmf !@@ adf]lhd k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f jf sfuhft jf cGo rLh j:t' k] z gu/]df, lg/LIfsn] ;f]w]sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm glbPdf jf lg/LIfsn] hfFra'emsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu dfu]sf] ljj/0f glbPdf lg/LIfsn] ;f] ljifodf lnlvt ?kdf cbfnt;dIf ph'/L k|ltj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ph'/L k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd cfjZos s'/f a'emL s'g} JolQm bf]ifL 7x/]d f cbfntn] bkmf !^@ adf]lhd plrt 7x/fPsf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 . !@$= k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]badf]lhd lgo'Qm lg/LIfsn] hfFra'em u/L ;s]kl5 cfˆgf] /fo;lxt sfof{ nodf k|ltj]bg k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . sfof{ non] To:tf] k|ltj]bgsf] Ps k|lt lgj]bs eP lghnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . s'g} z]o/wgLn] To:tf] k|ltj]bgsf] k|ltlnlk kfpg lgj]bg u/]df sfof{non] tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 . 72
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lg/LIfsn] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] hfgL hfgL sDkgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPsf], z]o/wgL jf ;fx" x¿nfO{ 7uL u/]sf], hfn;fh u/]sf] jf cGo s'g} u}/sfg"gL sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfof{ non] To:tf] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 lghx?lj?4 gfln; ph'/ ug{ sDkgLnfO{ cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 . t/ o; Joj:yfn] sDkgL jf z] o/wgLnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd k|fKt cGo pkrf/pk/ aGb]h nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfd ug]{ ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} kbflwsf/Lsf] lhDdfdf sDkgLsf] sfd sf/afxL lbO/xFbf sDkgLnfO{ yk xflg gf]S;fgL x'g ;S5
eGg] nfu]df sfof{non] To:tf] ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws,
sd{rf/L jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ lgnDag u/L cGo pkfoåf/f sDkgLsf] Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . -$_ k|df0f;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lg/LIfsn] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] s'g} s'/f / ;f]d f JoQm ul/Psf] tYo k|df0fsf] ?kdf u| fXo x'g] 5 . !@%= hfFrsf] vr{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]badf]lhd sfof{ non] hfFr u/fpFbf nfu]sf] vr{ ;DalGwt sDkgLn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . t/ hfF r ubf{ sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, jf kbflwsf/Ln] ablgot, wf]vf, hfn;fhL jf 7uL u/]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf] ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws jf kbflwsf/Ln] hfFr ;dfKt ePsf] ;ft lbgleq hfF rsf] vr{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zadf]lhd ;DalGwt ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, sd{rf/L jf JolQmn] hfFrsf] vr{ ga'emfPdf ;/sf/L afFsL;/x c;" n ul/g]5 . -#_ o; kl/R5]badf]lhd lgo'Qm lg/LIfsn] vr{sf] e'QmfgLsf ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] k|ltj]bgdf ;'emfj k] z ug{ ;Sg]5 . kl/R5]b–!) sDkgLsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hL !@^= C0f ltg{ ;Ifd sDkgLsf] vf/]hL -lnSjL8] zg_ M -!_ bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx?n] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|: tfj kfl/t u/L jf k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf} tfdf n]lvPsf Joj:yfx?sf cwLgdf /xL sDkgL vf/]h -lnSjL8]zg_ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -@_ b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf o; P]gadf]lhd s'g} sDkgL vf/]h ug{ ;lsg]5 M– 73
-s_
k"0f{?kdf cfˆgf] C0f jf cGo bfloTj ltg{ sDkgL ;Ifd ePdf,
-v_
bfdf;fxL;DaGwL
k| rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhd
sDkgLsf]
bfdf;fxL
k'g/fjnf]]sg;DaGwL lgj]bgpk/ sf/afxL rln/x]sf] cj:yf g/x]d f jf sDkgL s'g}
klg
k|sf/n]
bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g
;f]
cGtu{t
bfdf;fxL;DaGwL sf/afxLdf kg]{ cj:yf g/x]d f, -u_
pko'Qm 5fglag kZrft C0f tyf cGo bfloTjx? k"0 f{ ?kdf e'QmfgL ug{ sDkgL ;Ifd 5 / To:tf] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ C0f tyf bfloTj ;f] sDkgL vf/] h ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq r'Qmf ug{ jf cGo s'g} klg k|lqmofaf6 k"0 f{ ?kdf l5gf] kmfgf] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df ;~rfnsx?n] lnlvt pb\3f]if0f u/]sf] ePdf,
-3_
;~rfnsn] v08 -u_ cg'';f/ u/]sf] lnlvt pb\3f]if0f To:tf] sDkgL vf/]h ug]{] ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ af/]df jf]nfOPsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf k] z u/]sf] jf ;f] ljifodf ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn x'Fbf s} ;dodf To:tf] pb\3f]if0f u/]sf] ePdf .
-#_ o; bkmfadf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ ;DaGwdf kfl/t ljz]if k|:tfj / ;~rfnsx?sf] lnlvt pb\3f]if0fsf] Ps k|lt ;f] k| :tfj kfl/t ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq sfof{ no;dIf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . !@&= lnSjL8]6/ tyf n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm M -!_ bkmf !@^ adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ k|: tfj kfl/t ubf{{ vf/]hL;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL ;DkGg ug{ Pshgf lnSjL8]6/sf] lgo'lQm u/L To:tf] lnSjL8]6/n] k| fKt ug]{ kfl/>lds tf] Sg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnSjL8] 6/ lgo'Qm ubf{ bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"g cGtu{t Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] Joj;foLnfO{ ug{' kg]{5 . -#_ sDkgLn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnSjL8]6/ lgo'Qm u/]sf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq ;f]sf] ;"rgf sfo{ fnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnSjL8] 6/ lgo'Qm ePkl5 sDkgLsf ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Lx? cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5g\ / sDkgLsf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sDkgLsf ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ lnSjL8]6/n] k| of]u ug]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lnSjL8]6/n] sDkgL ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{ k|f/De u/] kl5 To:tf] sDkgLsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jf :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 . t/ lnSjL8]6/n] cfˆgf] ;xof] u / ;xfotfsf nflu cfjZos sd{rf/L sfod /fVg jf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ o; bkmfadf]lhd lgo'Qm lnSjL8]6/n] lgo'lQm ubf{sf avt tf]s]sf] ;dofjlwleq sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ sfd k"/ f ug'{ kg]{ 5 . 74
t/ lgwf{l/t ;dofjlwleq sf/0faz vf/]h ug]{ sfd ;DkGg x'g g;s]df lgo'lQm ubf{sf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/L dgfl;a Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]5 . -&_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnSjL8]6/ lgo'Qm ubf{ o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL Ps n] vfk/LIfs klg lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{ 5 . !@*= bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd x'g] M o; kl/R5]badf]lhd sDkgL vf/]hL ubf{ s'g} JolQm vf/]h x'g] sDkgLsf] ;fx" xf] jf xf]Og eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd x'g]5 . !@(= bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{ sDkgL c;Ifd ePdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M o; kl/R5]badf]lhd lnSjL8]6/n] sDkgL vf/]hL ug]{ sfd sf/afxL k| f/De u/]kl5 sDkgL bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] / ;f] sDkgLn] ltg'{ kg]{ C0f jf k"/f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj e'Qmfg ug{ ;Q}mg eGg] s'/fdf lgh ;Gt'i6 ePdf bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd sDkgLsf] bfdf;fxL k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . !#)= lnSjL8]6/n] sDkgLsf] ;DklQ cfˆgf] lhDdfdf lng ;Sg] M lnSjL8]6/n] o; kl/R5]badf]lhd cfˆgf] sfo{ k|f/De u/]kl5 sDkgLsf] ;DklQ, n] vf / ;Dk"0 f{ clen] v tyf sfuhftx? cfˆgf] lhDdf tyf lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{ 5 . !#!= lnSjL8]6/sf] clwsf/ / st{Jo M -!_ bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lnSjL8]6/n] k|of] u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ / kfngf ug]{ st{Jo o; P]g cGtu{ t lgo'Qm lnSjL8]6/n] cfjZos x]/km]/;lxt -Do"6fl6; d' 6flG8;_ k| of] u / kfngf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L b]xfosf sfd sf/afxL ug'{ lnSjL8]6/sf] st{ Jo x'g] 5 M– -s_
lnSjL8]6/ lgo'Qm ePkl5sf] k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] lx;fa tyf n] vf tof/ u/L sfof{ no;dIf k]z ug]{,
-v_
lnSjL8]6/ lgo'Qm ePkl5sf] k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf sDkgL vf/]h ug]{;DaGwL sfd sf/afxLsf] k|ult ljj/0f sDkgLsf z] o/wgLx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg],
-u_
sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ jf c;" n ug'{ kg]{ ;a} /sd c;"n u/L sDkgLsf] ;a} ;fx"x?sf] C0f tyf cGo bfloTj r'Qmf ug]{,
-3_
v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 z]o/wgLx?nfO{ sDkgLsf] afFsL ;DklQ ljt/0f ug]{;DaGwL k|:tfljt k|ltj]bg tyf ljj/0f ;fwf/0f ;ef af] nfO{ z]o/wgLx?;dIf k]z ug]{,
-ª_
v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0fdf r'Qmf z]o/ k"FhLsf] sDtLdf krxQ/ k|ltzt z]o/ lng] z] o/wgLx?sf] d~h'/L ePdf ;f]adf]lhd z] o/wgLx?nfO{ /sd e'QmfgL ug]{, 75
-r_
vf/]hL;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL k"/f ePkl5 sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 c;"npk/ ul/Psf] ;DklQ, ;fx"nfO{ ul/Psf e'QmfgL / z] o/wgLx?nfO{ ul/Psf] ljt/0fx?sf ;DaGwdf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L n] vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg;lxt sDkgL vf/]hL ePsf] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft u/L To:tf] k|ltj]bg sfo{fno;dIf k]z ug]{ .
!#@= sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]hL M -!_ bkmf !#! sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -r_ adf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ePsf] k|ltj]bg sfof{non] k| fKt u/]kl5 sfof{non] o; P]gadf]lhd To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd sDkgL btf{lstfaaf6 x6fO{ sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePsf] cfb] z hf/L ug]{ 5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePsf] cfb] z hf/L u/]kl5 sfof{ non] To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd sDkgL btf{lstfaaf6 x6fO{ To:tf] sDkgL lj36g ePsf] ;"rgf /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ 5 . ∇
- #_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
adf]lhd lgo'Qm lnSjL8]6/n] s'g} sDkgL vf/]h ug{sf] nflu To:tf] sDkgLsf] vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/afxL ;dfKt ePsf] Joxf]/f sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Joxf]/f k|fKt ePkl5 sfof{non] To:tf] sDkgL vf/]h ePsf] clen]v ug]{5 / To;/L clen]v u/]kl5 To:tf] sDkgL vf/]h ePsf] dflgg]5 .± !##= ;fx" tyf z] o/wgLn] ph'/ ug{ ;Sg] M o; kl/R5]badf]lhd sDkgL vf/]hL ubf{ lnSjL8]6/sf] sfd sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf s'g} clgoldttf ePsf] egL sDkgLsf] s'g} ;fx'" jf z]o/wgLnfO{ nfu]d f To:tf] sfd sf/afxLsf lj?4df ;f]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] kGw| lbgleq To:tf ;fx" jf z]o/wgLn] cbfnt;dIf ph'/ L ug{ ;Sg] 5 . !#$= hfn;fhL jf 7uL u/]df sf/jfO{ ug]{ M sDkgLsf s'g} ;~rfns, sd{rf/L jf z]o/wgLn] sDkgLnfO{ hfn;fhL jf 7uL ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] 5 eGg] lnSjL8]6/nfO{ nfu]df k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd To:tf] JolQmsf] lj?4df lnSjL8] 6/n] cfjZos sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 . !#%= ;'/lIft ;fx"x?sf] clwsf/df s'g} c;/ gkg]{ M o; kl/R5]badf]lhd sDkgL vf/]hL;DaGwL sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf]df sDkgLsf] ;DklQ lwtf]df lnO{ C0f lbg] ;'/lIft ;fx" x?n] k| rlnt sfg"g cGt{ut lwtf] /x]sf] ;DklQ rng rnfpg] jf cGo lsl;dn] Joj:yf ug{ kfpg] clwsf/df s'g} lsl;dn] c;/ kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
∇
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ 4f/f yk
76
kl/R5]b–!! sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h !#^= sfof{ non] btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ b] xfosf] cj:yfdf sfof{non] sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf ;+:yfksn] sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ z'? ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h u/L kfpg tf]lsPsf] b:t'/;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf,
-v_
nuftf/ tLg cfly{s jif{;Dd bkmf *) adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k]z gu/]df jf bkmf *! adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf glt/]df, jf
-u_
sDkgL k|zf;gsf] l;nl;nfdf k| fKt ;a'bsf] cfwf/df sDkgLn] cfˆgf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5}g jf sDkgL ;~rfngdf 5}g egL sfof{{nonfO{ ljZjf; x'g ;Sg] dgfl;j cfwf/ ePdf,
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ug'{ k/]df ;f]s f] sf/0f v'nfO{ btf{ vf/]h ug'{cl3 sfo{ fnon] ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLnfO{ ;"rgf k7fpFbf sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{ no, To:tf] sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf sfof{ nodf btf{ gu/fPsf] eP jf btf{ u/fPsf] 7] ufgfdf sDkgLsf] sfof{no g/x]sf] eP To:tf] sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ / To:tf] kbflwsf/Lsf] 7]ufgf klg sfof{nonfO{ k|fKt gePdf jf km]nf gk/]df sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqdf pNn] v ul/Psf] k|To]s ;+:yfkssf] 7] ufgfdf ;" rgf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lbPsf] ;"rgf cfjZostf cg';f/ /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf;d]t k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] ;"rgf k|fKt u/]sf] ldltaf6 b'O{ dlxgfleq sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h x'g' gkg]{ sf/0f v' nfO{ lgj]bg glbPdf jf lbPsf] ePklg ;f] sf/0f dgfl;a gePdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5 . -^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePsf]d f ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ;~rfnsx?nfO{ lbO{ /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf;d]t k|s fzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] s'g} lsl;dsf] bfloTj /x] 5 eg] To:tf] sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L jf z]o/wgLsf] bfloTj sfod g} /xg]5 / To:tf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ u/fpg lghx?lj?4 cfjZos sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfpg o; bkmfsf s'g } s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
77
-*_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd btf{ vf/]h x'Fb fsf avt sDkgLsf] gfpFd f /x]sf] ;DklQ, clwsf/, ;'ljwf jf bfloTj lghx?n] lnPsf] z] o/sf] cg'kftdf o;sf z] o/wgLsf] gfddf ;g]{5 . t/ sDkgLn] cGo s'g} JolQmsf] 6«i6Lsf] ?kdf u| x0f u/]sf] ;DklQ z] o/wgLsf] xs tyf :jfldTjdf ;g]{] 5}g . -(_ o; bkmf cg';f/ btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sDkgLn] a'emfpg' kg]{ s'g} C0f jf k"/f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd z]o/wgLsf] gfddf ;/]sf] ;DklQ, clwsf/ jf ;'ljwfaf6 k"/ f x'g g;s]df afFsL /x]sf] C0f jf bfloTj To:tf] sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg /xL pkbkmf !_ df plNnlvt kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf ug]{ u/fpg] s'/fdf lhDd]jf/ /x]sf z] o/wgL, ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] JolQmut ?kdf Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . -!)_ o; bkmfadf]lhd btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sDkgLn] ;f] xL sDkgLsf] gfdaf6 s'g } sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -!!_ o; bkmfadf]lhd s'g} sDkgL vf/]h ePkl5 ;f] sDkgL vf/]h ubf{ nfu]s f] vr{ sfof{ non] s6fO{ s'g} ;DklQ afFsL /xg] eP To:tf] ;DklQ dfq z] o/jfnfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{5 . !#&= btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sDkgLsf] btf{ k'g:yf{ kgf M -!_ bkmf !#^ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd s'g} sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] sDkgL jf To;sf z]o/wgL jf ;fx" n] ;f] sDkgL vf/]h ePsf] ;"rgf k|s flzt ePsf] ldltn] kfF r jif{leq ;f] sDkgL k'g:yf{kgf ug{ cbfnt;dIf sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbPdf b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] ;f] sDkgLsf] k'g:yf{kgf u/L To;sf] gfd sDkgL btf{lstfadf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M -s_
;f] sDkgLn] cfˆgf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/L /x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ePsf] b]lvPdf,
-v_
sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf / bfloTjsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug{ To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd k'g:yf{kgf ug{ cbfntn] Gofof]lrt b]v]d f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntsf] cfb]zaf6 sDkgL k'g:yf{lkt ePdf ;f] sDkgL btf{ ePsf] ldltb]lv g} cl:tTjdf /x]sf] dflgg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ubf{ sDkgL / cGo ;a} JolQmx?nfO{ sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h g} gePsf] ;/x oyfl:yltdf Nofpgsf] nflu cbfntn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ tyf cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL k'g:yf{lkt ePsf]df bkmf *! adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf a'emfpg' kg]{ eP ;f] hl/afgf sfof{nonfO{ a'emfP kl5 dfq sDkgL k'g:yf{kgf u/L sDkgL btf{lstfadf k'gM gfd btf{ x'g]5 . 78
-%_ bkmf !#^ adf]lhd btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sDkgL o; bkmfadf]lhd k'g:yf{kgf ePdf To:tf] sDkgLn] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ kfpg]5 M– -s_
sDkgL btf{ vf/]h ePsf] sf/0fn] bkmf !#^ sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd sDkgLsf z]o/wgLsf] x}l;otn] k|fKt u/]sf] ;DklQ,
-v_
v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ a]r lavg eO{ ;s]sf] eP ;f] a]r lavg u/]sf] cj:yfdf k|fKt x'g uPsf] /sd . t/ ;fx"sf] C0f jf bfloTj e'Qmfg ug{ vr{ eO;s]sf] ;DklQ jf /sd lkmtf{ x'g ;Sg] 5}g . kl/R5]b–!@ z]o/wgLsf] ;+/If0f
!#*= cgflwsf/ sfo{ ug{af6 ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ /f]Sg ;lsg]] M -!_ s'g} ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] clwsf/If]q gf3L sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} sfd u/]df ;f]p k/ /f]s nufpg To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . t/ sDkgLn] ul/;s]sf] sfd sf/afxLaf6 l;h{gf ePsf] bfloTj kfngf ug]{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] jf ug{ nfluPsf] sfd sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf o; bkmf cg';f/ lgj]bg lbg ;lsg] 5}g . -@_ s'g} sDkgLsf] ;DaGwdf sfof{non] bkmf !@$ adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf] k|ltj]bgaf6 To:tf] sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ ;f] sDkgLsf s'g} jf ;a} jf s'g} vf; ju{ jf ;d"xsf z]o/wgLx?sf] xs lxtljk/Lt x'g] u/L ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] jf ;~rfng ul/Psf] jf sDkgLn] u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] s'g} sfo{ jf sDkgLn] ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfo{ gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 To:tf z]o/wgLx?sf] clxt ePsf] jf clxt x'g] 5 eGg] s'/f sfof{ nonfO{ nfu]df sfof{ non] To:tf] sDkgL jf To;sf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Lsf lj?4 cbfntdf ph'/L lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] ;DalGwt sDkgL jf To;sf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L a'emL pko'Qm cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . !#(= z]o/wgLx?sf]
xs
lxtlj?4
ePsf]
sfd
sf/afxLsf]
pkrf/
M
-!_ sDkgLsf s'g} z]o/wgLsf] xs lxtlj?4 x'g] u/L sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ePsf] jf x'g nfu]sf] jf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 ul/Psf] jf ug{ nfluPsf] s'g} sfd jf sDkgLn] ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 s'g} z]o/wgLsf] xs lxtljk/Lt sfd ePsf] jf x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgfsf] cfwf/df s'g} z]o/wgLn] pko'Qm cfb]zsf] nflu cbfntdf ph'/L lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg ubf{ To:tf] lgj]bg ug]{ z]o/wgLn] sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg / lgoGq0f ug]{ ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws jf s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] k|aGwkq 79
jf lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfsf] alv{ nfk u/L ablgot;fy jf cg'lrt e]befj u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] 5 egL k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] ;DalGwt sDkgL, ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L a'emL lgj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] bfaL lhls/ cfwf/o'Qm ePsf] b]lvPdf ;f]s f] pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ sDkgLsf] gfddf cbfntn] plrt 7fg]adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ubf{ ;f] pkbkmfsf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn]
b] xfosf]
cfb] z;d]t
hf/L
ug{
;Sg]5 M– -s_
s'g} jf ;a} z]o/wgLsf] xs lxtlj?4 ePsf sfd sf/afxL /f]sL eljiodf sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ /Ltk"j{s ;~rfng ug]{,
-v_
sDkgLn] ul//x]sf] jf ug{ nfu]s f] s'g} sfd sf/afxL /f]Sg] jf sDkgLn] gu/]sf] jf gug]{ ePsf] s'g} sfo{ ug{ nufpg],
-u_
sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 cbfntn] lgb]{zg lbPadf]lhd s;}sf] lj?4 b]jfgL d'2f rnfpg nufpg],
-3_
o; P]gsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L sDkgLsf] k"FhL 36fO{ s'g} z] o/wgLsf] z]o/ vl/b u/L /sd lkmtf{ ug{ nufpg],
-ª_
s'g} z]o/wgLnfO{ e]befj ul/Paf6 lghnfO{ x'g uPsf] xflg gf]S;fgL sDkgLaf6 jf To:tf] e]befj ug]{af6 e/fO lbg],
-r_
sDkgL vf/]h ug{],
-5_
sDkgLsf] s'g} z]o/wgLsf] gfddf /x]sf] z] o/ sDkgLsf] csf]{ z] o/wgL jf sDkgL cfkm}nfO{ vl/b ug{ nufpg],
-h_
sDkgL jf o;sf z] o/wgLnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ ofpg] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Laf6 xflg gf] S;fgL e/fpg],
-em_ sDkgL cfkm} n] z] o/ vl/b ug]{ ePdf To:tf] sDkgLn] z]o/ k"FhL 36fpg] ;DaGwdf ljz]if k|: tfj kfl/t u/L z] o/ k"F hL 36fPsf];/x dfgL To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"FhL 36fpg] cfb]z lbg] / ;f] sf/0faf6 sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+ zf] wg ug{' kg]{ ePdf cfjZos ;+zf] wg ug{;d]t cGo pko'Qm cfb]z lbg] . -%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgL jf To;sf ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg jf lgoGq0f ug]{ JolQmn] jf To;sf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} ug'{ kg]{ sfd gu/]sf] jf gug'{ kg]{ sfd u/]sf] sf/0faf6 jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ 80
u/]sf] sf/0faf6 xflg, gf] S;fgL ePsf] JolQmn] kfpg] pkrf/ o; bkmfadf]lhd dfq ;Lldt ePsf] dflgg] 5}g / To:tf] JolQmn] cGo k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd pknAw pkrf/ kfpg cfˆgf] jf cGo z] o/wgLsf] xsdf;d]t JolQmut jf ;fd"l xs ?kdf sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 . -^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ;fd"lxs pkrf/ dfu ul/Psf] eP cbfntn] To; ju{sf] s'g } jf ;a} z] o/wgLx?af6 cfjZos s'/f a'emL jf ga'emL pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . -&_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} jf ;a} z]o/wgLsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f ug{ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf s'g} ;+ zf] wg ug{ gkfpg] u/L jf s'g } vf; ljifodf ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{ u/L cbfntn] cfb] z lbPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] cj:yfdf ;f] cbfntsf] k" j{:jLs[lt ljgf k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf s'g} ;+ zf] wg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd cbfntsf] cfb] zn] jf ;f] cfb]z cg';f/ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf s'g} ;+zf]wg u/]sf]] eP To:tf] ;+zf]wgnfO{ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ljz]if k| :tfjåf/f kfl/t u/]sf] ;+zf]wg;/x dflgg]5 . -(_ cbfntn] o; bkmfadf]lhd lbPsf] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] cfb]znfO{ sfof{non] sDkgLsf] btf{lstfadf btf{ ug'{ kg]{ 5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"FhL 36fpgsf nflu lbPsf] cfb]z,
-v_
sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ;+ zf] wg x'g] u/L lbPsf] cfb] z .
-!)_ sDkgLsf] z] o/wgLsf] ?kdf btf{ eO{ g;s]sf] t/ sfg"gL k|lqmofaf6 lghsf] gfddf z] o/ gfd;f/L eO{ cfPsf] JolQmsf ;DaGwdf;d]t sDkgLsf cGo z]o/wgLx?;/x of] bkmfsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 . !$)= sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 z]o/wgLn] d'2f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ sDkgLsf] s'g} xs lxt k|rng u/fpg sDkgLn] o;sf] s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sDkgL lgoGq0f ug]{ z]o/wgLx¿ jf s'g} JolQmsf] lj?4df cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt sDkgLn] d'2f grnfPdf sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] ;fF9] b'O{ k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] s'g} z]o/wgLn] PSn} jf kfFr k|ltzt z] o/ k'Ug] PseGbf a9L z] o/wgLx¿ ldnL sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 To:tf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L jf sDkgL lgoGq0f ug]{ JolQm jf cGo s'g} JolQmsf] lj?4 cbfntdf d'2 f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg] 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd z] o/wgLn] d'2f bfo/ ubf{ sDkgLn] :jo+ d'2f rnfcf];\ egL lghn] s] s:tf] k|of; u/]sf] lyof] ;f] s'/f pNn] v ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd d'2f bfo/ ePdf cbfntn] ;f] d'2f z] o/wgLn] g} rnfO{ /xg' pko'Qm x' G5 jf sDkgLnfO{ ;sf/ u/fpg' pko'Qm x'G 5 eGg] 7x/ u/L sDkgLnfO{ ;sf/ u/fpg' pko'Qm b]lvPdf sDkgLnfO{ ;sf/ ug{ cfb] z lbg ;Sg]5 . 81
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd bfo/ ul/Psf] d'2f Psk6s bfo/ eO{ ;s]kl5 vf/]hL x'g jf cbfntn] tf]s]sf] zt{x¿ ;dflji6 ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ldnfkq x'g ;Sg]5}g . -^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf] d'2f km};nf x'Fbf ph'/jfnf z]o/wgLsf] bfaL k'Ug] 7x/]df To:tf] d'2f rnfpg lghn] ug'{ k/]sf] vr{sf]] /sd / sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ;]j fafkt ePsf] dgfl;j vr{ ;d]t sDkgLn] ;f] wegf{ ul/lbg' kg]{5 . bfaL gk'Ug] 7x/]df d'2f k|lt/Iff ubf{ k|ltjfbLn] Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] vr{dWo] cbfntn] pko'Qm 7x/fPsf] /sd ph'/jfnf z]o/wgLaf6 ;f]wegf{ lbnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . !$!= ;DklQsf] k|flKt jf laqmL M -!_ s'g} klAns sDkgL jf ;f]s f] ;xfos sDkgLn] s'g} ;DklQ vl/b jf laqmL ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] ePdf ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L sfof{nonfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 M– -s_
s'g} ;DklQ vl/b u/]sf] sf/0faf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] kl5Nnf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fdf pNn] v ePsf] cfˆgf] ;DklQ jf Psd'i6 -sG;f]l n8]6]8_ ;DklQsf] d"No kGw| k|ltzteGbf a9Ln] a[l4 ePdf,
-v_
laqmL ug{ nfu]sf] jf laqmL u/]sf] ;DklQaf6 x'g] cfDbfgL ;f] sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] kl5Nnf] lx;falstfadf pNn]v ul/Psf] s/ ltg'{eGbf cufl8sf] sDkgLsf] Psd'i6 -sG;f]ln8] 6]8_ cfDbfgLsf] kGw| k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g] ePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfof{ nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpFbf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg' kg]{5 / To:tf s'/fx? sDkgLsf] sf/f]a f/sf ;DaGwdf;d]t nfu" x'g] eP ;f] s'/f ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf;d]t b]vfpg' kg]{5 M– -s_
sf/f]af/sf] ldlt / sf/f]a f/df ;+nUg kIfx?,
-v_
;DklQsf] k|s[lt af/]sf] ljj/0f / To:tf] ;DklQleq k"/} jf cf+l zs ?kdf s'g} cGo sDkgLn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ klg kg]{ eP To:tf] z]o/ hf/L ug]{ sDkgLsf] gfd tyf To:tf] sDkgLn] ug]{ Jofj;flos sf/f]af/sf] k|s[lt,
-u_
sf/f]af/sf] /sd / sf/f]af/sf cGo zt{ x?,
-3_
;DklQ vl/b jf laqmLubf{ ;DklQsf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu cjnDag ul/Psf cfwf/x?,
-ª_
s'g} ;DklQ laqmL ul/Psf] eP ;DklQsf] laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd To:tf] ;DklQsf] >]:tfdf b]vfOPsf] d"NoeGbf a9L jf 36L s] 5 ;f] s'/f . kl/R5]b–!# d'Vo / ;xfos sDkgLx¿ 82
!$@= ;xfos sDkgL dfly lgoGq0f M -!_ d'Vo sDkgLn] cfˆgf] ;xfos sDkgLnfO{ b]xfoadf]lhd lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7gdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf lgoGq0f /fv]/,
-v_
sDkgLsf] ax'dt z]o/ u|x0f u/]/ .
-@_ s'g} Ps sDkgL cGo s'g} ;xfos sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL ePdf klxnf] sDkgL kl5Nnf] sDkgLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ d' Vo sDkgLsf] klg ;xfos sDkgL x'g]5 . -#_ sDkgLsf] z] o/ d'Vo sDkgL jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 s'g} k|ltlglwn] u|x0f u/]sf] jf To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug]{ clwsf/ d'Vo sDkgL jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 dgf]gLt s'g} JolQmn] ug]{ eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf cj:yfx¿sf] kl/k"lt{ ePsf] dflgg]5 . t/ d'Vo sDkgL / ;xfos sDkgL lgwf{/0f ubf{ b] xfosf] cj:yfdf sAhf ul/Psf] z]o/nfO{ o; k|of]hgsf nflu dfGotf lbOg] 5}g M– -!_
s'g} sDkgLn] C0fkq lnPsf] jf C0fkq hf/L ug]{ 6«i6 lnvtsf] cfwf/df s'g} clwsf/ k| of] u ug{ kfpg] ePsf] jf z]o/ u| x0f u/]sf] ePdf,
-@_
C0f lbg] sDkgLn] ;'/If0fsf] ?kdf z]o/ u|x0f u/]sf] ePdf .
!$#= sfuhft ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ d'Vo sDkgLn] cfˆgf] jf;nftdf ;xfos sDkgLsf b]xfoadf]lhdsf sfuhftx¿ ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{ 5 M– -s_
;xfos sDkgLsf] tTsfn ;dfKt ePsf] cfly{s jif{sf] jflif{s lx;fasf] Ps k|lt / ;f] cjlwsf] To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg,
-v_
n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-u_
cfly{s jif{s f] cGtdf ;xfos sDkgLdf /x]s f] d'Vo sDkgLsf] nufgLsf] ljj/0f,
-3_
d'Vo sDkgL / ;xfos sDkgLsf] cfly{s jif{ a]Unfa]U n} ePdf To:tf] leGg cjlwleqdf ;xfos sDkgL dfly /x]sf] d'Vo sDkgLsf] xs s'g} k|sf/n] kl/jt{g ePsf] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] s'/f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf ;xfos sDkgLsf] ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{df ePsf] gf] S;fgx¿ s6fO{ afFsL /x]sf] v'b d'gfkmf / ;f] sDkgL ;xfos sDkgL ePb]lv sDkgLsf] lx;falstfadf pNn]v gul/Psf] t/ d' Vo sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ ;/f]sf/ x'g] gfkmf gf] S;fg;d]t pNn] v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ s'g} sf/0fjz d'Vo sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ / pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ g;s]df d'Vo sDkgLsf] jf;nftdf ;f] s'/fsf] lnlvt k|ltj]bg ;dfj] z u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 . 83
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0fdf ;xfos sDkgLsf] crn hfoh]yf lwtf] /fvL lnPsf] C0f jf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] bfloTj k"/f ug{afx]s c? s'g} sfdsf] nflu lnPsf] C0f;d]t b]vfpg' kg]{ 5 . !$$= d'Vo sDkgLdf nufgL ug{ gx'g] M ;xfos sDkgLn] d'Vo sDkgLsf] z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ vl/b ug{ jf cGo lsl;dn] d' Vo sDkgLdf nufgL ug{ x'Fb}g . kl/R5]b–!$ k|fOe]6 sDkgL;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf !$%= ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}t f M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s k| fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf b]xfosf s'/fx¿sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg, Joj;fo / sf/f]af/,
-v_
z]o/ x:tfGt/0fdf s'g} aGb]h eP ;f] s'/f,
-u_
s'g} lglZrt jf cfsl:ds 36gf jf :j]R5fn] Ps jf PseGbf a9L z]o/wgLx¿n] sDkgL vf/]h ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/,
-3_
dtbfgsf] clwsf/sf] ljefhg jf k|of]u,
-ª_
sDkgLsf] kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L, sfdbf/sf] lgo'lQmsf zt{x¿,
-r_
sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf clGtd lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ JolQm jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v sf] x'g] eGg] s'/fx¿,
-5_
nfef+zsf] e'QmfgL jf afF8kmfF 8sf] tl/sf,
-h_
;~rfns ;ldlt g/xg] s'/f,
-em_ ;~rfns ;ldlt g/xg] xf] eg] o; P]gadf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd s;n] ug{] xf] ;f] s'/f, -`_
jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug'{ gkg]{ eP ;f] ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-6_
z]o/sf lsl;d / km/s clwsf/ ePsf z]o/sf] Joj:yf eP ;f] s'/f .
-@_ ;Demf}tfsf ;a} kIfx¿sf] lnlvt ;xdltaf6 ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg]5 . -#_ ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 b]xfoadf]lhd u/L z]o/ k|fKt ug]{ z]o/wgLn] ;f] ;Demf}tfdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] / ;f]sf] kIf ePsf] dflgg]5 M– -s_
bfg as;af6 z]o/ kfPsf] ePdf,
-v_
cGo s'g} tj/af6 z]o/ k|fKt u/]sf]df ;f] z] o/ k| fKt u/]sf avt To:tf] ;Demf}tf /x]sf] hfgsf/L ePdf .
84
!$^= z]o/wgLsf] lx;falstfa lg/LIf0f ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf z]o/wgL jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] sfof{no ;doleq sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt b] xfosf sfuhft jf clen] vsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
;fwf/0f ;ef / ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{ok'l:tsf,
-v_
jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f,
-u_
z]o/ btf{lstfa, /
-3_
sDkgLsf] n]vf .
-@_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf sfuhft tyf clen] vx? z] o/wgLx?n] lg/LIf0f ug{ kfpg] u/L kof{Kt Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . !$&= sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f M -!_ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLn] sDkgLaf6 s'g} cfly{s jif{sf] sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0f dfu ePsf] kGw| lbgleqdf sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] k|d fl0ft jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f ;dfj] z ePsf] ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . !$*= jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef ug{' gkg]{ M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx¿aLr ePsf] ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ s'/f pNn] v ePsf] /x] 5 eg] ;f] ;Demf}t fsf] cjlwe/ To:tf] k| fOe]6 sDkgLn] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef gug]{ u/L ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}tf ePsf]d f sDkgLn] o; P]gadf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lg0f{ o ug'{ kg]{ ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ sfo{ljlw tyf lg0f{o ug]{ clVtof/sf] af/]df klg Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . !$(= k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] lnlvt k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]d f afx]s s'g} k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ljz]if k|:tfjnufot cGo s'g} k|:tfj kfl/t u/L jf s'g} vf; ju{sf z] o/wgLx?sf] ;efaf6 kfl/t u/L ug{ ;lsg] s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL h'g ldltdf To:tf] k|:tfj kfl/t ul/Psf] dflgg] xf] ;f]xL ldltdf ;f] k|:tfjpk/ 5nkmn x'Fbf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] sDtLdf krxQ/ k|ltzt z] o/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;a} z]o/wgLn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] lnlvt k|:tfj ePdf ;f] xL lnvtaf6 To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu sf/0faz 5'§ f5'§} lnlvt k|:tfj clen] v ul/Psf]df To:tf ;a} lnvtsf] Joxf]/f Ps} k|sf/sf] ePdf ;a} z] o/wgLx?n] Pp6} lnvtdf ;xL ug'{ cfjZos kg]{ 5}g / k| To]s z] o/wgLn] 5'§f5'§} lnvtdf ;xL u/]sf] eP tfklg Pp6} lnlvt k|: tfjdf ;xL ePsf] dfgL To:tf] lnvt dfGo x'g]5 . 85
-#_ o; bkmfadf]lhd lnlvt k|:tfjdf ;xL ug]{ k|To]s z]o/wgLn] ;f] k|:tfjdf cfk"mn] ;xL u/]sf] ldlt v' nfpg' kg]{ 5 / ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] ldltdf ;xL ug]{ z] o/wgLn] ;xL u/]sf] ldltnfO{ k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] ldlt dflgg]5 . -$_ s'g} lnlvt k|:tfjdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] lnvt ;f] k|:tfjdf ;xL ug]{ z]o/wgLx?sf] ;efdf k] z ul/Psf] ;/x dflgg]5 . -%_ o; bkmfadf]lhd :jLs[t ul/Psf] k| :tfjnfO{ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef jf s'g} vf; ;d"xsf z] o/wgLx?sf] ;efjf6 kfl/t ePsf] lg0f{ o;/x h'g;'s} k| of]hgsf nflu dfGotf lbOg]5 . !%)= ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lnPsf] dflgg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s s'g} k| fOe]6 sDkgLsf] s'g} z]o/wgLn] s'g} klg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;a} z] o/wgLx?;F u ;~rf/ ;Dks{ u/L k|To]s z]o/wgLn] af]n]sf] s'/f cGo z]o/wgLx?n] ;'Gg jf k9\g ;Sg] u/L csf]{ z]] o/wgL;Fusf] ;~rf/ ;Dks{df ;xefuL ePdf To;/L ;~rf/ ;Dks{df ;xefuL x'g] k|To]s z]o/wgLn] cGo z]o/wgL;Fu ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu lnPsf] dflgg]5 . -@_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fwf/0f ;ef ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq s'g} z]o/wgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efdf efu glnPsf] s'/f sfof{ nodf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/;lxt ph'/L lgj]bg lbPdf sfof{non] ;DalGwt sDkgL a'‰g' kg]{ 5 / To;/L sDkgL a'‰bf ;f] sDkgLn] ph'/jfnf z]o/wgLn] To:tf] ;efdf efu lnPsf] k|dfl0ft ug{ g;s]df ;f] ;efn] u/]sf] lg0f{ o dfGo x'g] 5}g . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;~rfng ePsf] z] o/wgLx?sf] ;ef ;f] ;efsf] cWoIf pkl:yt /x]sf] :yfgdf ;~rfng ePsf] dflgg]5 . -$_ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ;DaGwdf dfGo x'g] pkbkmf -!_,-@_ jf -#_ sf] Joj:yf cfjZos x]/km]/;lxt o:tf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf ;~rfnsx?sf] pk;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;DaGwdf klg nfu" x'g] 5 . -%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ePkl5 ;f] ;efdf ePsf] sfd sf/afxL tyf lg0f{ osf] ljj/0f jflif{s ?kdf tof/ u/L ;f] ;efsf] cWoIfn] k|d fl0ft u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . !%!= tf]lsPsf sf/f]a f/ ug]{ sDkgLnfO{ ljz]if 5' 6 M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lsPsf] /sd;Ddsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ k|fOe]6 sDkgLn] kl/R5]b–* sf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{ gkg]{ u/L 5' 6 lbg ;Sg] 5 . kl/R5]b—!% Psn z] o/wgL ePsf] sDkgL;DaGwL Joj:yf 86
!%@= Psn z]o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLn] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s tyf ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg' gkg]{ M o; P]gdf cGoq h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Psn z] o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLn] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]d f afx]s sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt jf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ug'{ kg]{ elgPsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/afxL tyf lg0f{ o To:tf] z] o/wgLsf] lnlvt lg0f{o cg';f/ x'g]5 / To;sf] nflu ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a} 7s jf ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfpg' kg]{ 5}g . !%#= Psn z] o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ x:tfGt/0f tyf bflvn vf/]h M -!_ Psn z] o/wgL ePsf] sDkgLsf] z]o/wgLsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] xsbf/ jf lghsf] z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] z] o/wgLsf] xs k|fKt ug]{5 / lghn] z] o/ x:tfGt/0f tyf bflvn vf/]h ug]{ nufot o; P]g cg';f/ Psn z]o/wgLn] ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ug]{5 . o;/L xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] z]o/ x:tfGt/0f / bflvn vf/]hsf] lg0f{ o ubf{ lnlvt ?kdf ug{' kg]{ 5 . t/ To:tf] z] o/wgLsf] s'g} xsjfnf km]nf gk/] sfof{ non] lnSjL8] 6/ lgo'Qm u/L k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd sDkgL vf/]h ug]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] To:tf] xs k| fKt ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq ;f] s'/fsf] k|d f0f;lxt sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L k| fKt ePkl5 sfof{ non] tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ ;f] hfgsf/L clen] v ul/Psf] Joxf]/f z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd z]o/df xs k|fKt ug]{ JolQm PseGbf a9L ePdf cGo xsbf/n] PshgfnfO{ dfq xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s lghx? tTsfnsf nflu sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ePsf] dflgg]5 / ;f] xL cfwf/df sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ xs a]xssf] k|Zg p7]d f ;f] ljifodf clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntsf] km} ;nfadf]lhd x'g]5 . kl/R5]b—!^ ljb]zL sDkgL;DaGwL Joj:yf !%$= ljb]zL sDkgLsf] btf{ M -!_ ljb]zL sDkgLn] o; bkmfadf]lhd sfof{ nodf To:tf] sDkgLsf] zfvf sfof{ no btf{ gu/fO{ g]kfn /fHoleq s'g} Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ jf ;Dks{ sfof{ no btf{ gu/fO{ To:tf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . t/ clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ sfg"gadf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] s'g} sDkgLsf] z]o/df nufgL ug]{, To:tf] sDkgLnfO{ C0f lbg] jf To:tf sDkgLsf] ;~rfng jf Joj:yfkgdf efu lng] sfdnfO{ o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf nflu Joj;fo jf sf/f]a f/ u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g . 87
:ki6Ls/0f M s'g} ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfndf :yfkgf ul/Psf] jf ;f]sf] nflu k| of]u ul/Psf] sfof{ no jf :yfgaf6 Ps dlxgf jf ;f]e Gbf a9L cjlw;Dd lgoldt ?kdf s'g} sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]df jf lgoldt ;+Dks{sf nflu s'g} JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm u/]df jf lghsf] ;]jf lnPdf o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf] sDkgLn] g]kfndf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] jf sfof{ no :yfkgf u/]sf] dflgg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd zfvf sfof{ no btf{ ug{ rfxg] ljb]zL sDkgLn] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k| fKt :jLs[lt;d]t ;+ nUg /fvL tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/;lxt sfof{ nodf To:tf] sDkgL btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -#_+ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;Dks{ sfof{no btf{ ug{ rfxg] ljb]zL sDkgLn] To:tf] sfof{ no btf{ ug{sf] nflu k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd s'g} lgsfosf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ eP To:tf] :jLs[lt;d]t ;+ nUg u/L tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b:t'/;lxt sfof{ nodf To:tf] sDkgL btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . :ki6Ls/0f M g]kfnleq s'g} sfd ug{sf nflu s'g} ljb]zL sDkgL k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt s'g} lgsfoaf6 5gf} 6 ePdf jf clwsf/ k|fKt s'g} lgsfo;F u s/f/ u/]d f pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf] k|of] hgsf] nflu To;/L 5gf}6 ePsf] jf s/f/ u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ g} ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt lbOPsf] dflgg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd ljb]zL sDkgL btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPdf sfof{ non] cfjZos hfF ra'em u/L To:tf] ljb]zL sDkgLnfO{ g]kfn /fHoleq Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ jf ;Dks{ sfof{no v8f ug{ lgj]bg lbPsf] tL; lbgleq btf{ u/L tf]lsPadf]lhd btf{sf] k|d f0fkq lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgj]bgadf]lhd ljb]zL sDkgL btf{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf sfof{ non] ;f]s f] sf/0f v' nfO{ tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt lgj]bsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq cfˆgf] zfvf sfof{ no vf] nL ;DalGwt Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ jf ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]Ng ;Sg]5 . t/ ;Dks{ sfof{nosf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq cfo cfh{g x'g] s'g} sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -^_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg] ljb]zL sDkgLsf] gfd jf To:tf] sDkgLn] sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zo o; P]g cg';f/ btf{ x'g g;Sg] k|s[ltsf] ePdf To:tf] ljb]zL sDkgL g]kfndf btf{ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
88
-&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] cfˆgf] /lhi68{ sfof{no /x]s f] jf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] d'n'sdf h'g k|sf/sf] Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ul//x]sf] 5 ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] Joj;fo jf sf/f]a f/ dfq ug{ kfpg] u/L btf{ ePsf] dflgg]5 . -*_ o; bkmfadf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] cfˆgf] sf/f]af/ /x]sf] 7fpFdf ;a} n] b]Vg] u/L cfˆgf] gfdsf] af]8{ /fVg' kg]{5 / To:tf] af]]8{ tyf sDkgLn] k|of]u ug]{ lan, ekf{O , aLhs OToflb jf n] 6/Kof8x?df sDkgL :yfkgf ePsf] d' n'ssf] gfd tyf g]kfndf sDkgL btf{ ePsf] btf{ gDa/ :ki6 ?kdf pNn] v ug'{ kg]{ 5 . -(_ o; bkmfadf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb] zL sDkgLsf] btf{sf nflu sfof{ non] 5'§ } btf{lstfa v8f ug'{ kg]{ 5 / To:tf] btf{lstfa ;j{;fwf/0fn] x]g]{ / tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lt/L gSsn lng kfOg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . -!)_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmf cg' ;f/ btf{ ul/Psf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -!!_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfn /fHoleq btf{ gu/fO{ Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ul//x]sf jf ;Dks{ sfof{ no v8f u/]sf ljb]zL sDkgLn] of] P]g k| f/De ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq o; P]gadf]lhd sfof{ nodf btf{ u/fO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . !%%= ljb]zL sDkgLn] lnvtx¿ bflvn ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd btf{ x'g jf ;Dks{ sfof{ no :yfkgf ug{ lgj]bg lbg] ljb]zL sDkgLn] lgj]bg ;fy b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ljj/0f sfof{ no;dIf bflvn ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_
ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfndf Joj;fo jf sf/f]a f/ ;~rfng ug{ clwsf/k| fKt clwsf/Laf6 k|fKt cg'dlt,
-v_
sDkgL ;+:yfkgsf] clwsf/kq, k|df0fkq, k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLsf] 5fofF k|lt / ;f]sf] g]kfnL cg'jfb,
-u_
sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no / sf/f]af/ ug]{ d'Vo 7fpFsf] k"/ f gfd, 7]u fgf, sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ldlt, To:tf] sDkgLsf] r'Qmf kF"hL / d'Vo p2]Zo;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-3_
sDkgLsf ;~rfns, k|aGws, sDkgL ;lrj jf k|d' v kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd, 7]u fgf, lghx?sf] gful/stfsf] ljj/0f,
-ª_
sDkgLsf] gfpFdf hf/L ePsf] Dofb, ;"rgf cflb sDkgLsf tkm{af6 a'lem lng] sDkgLåf/f clws[t ul/Psf] g]kfn /fHoleq /x] a;]s f] JolQmsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-r_
sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq Joj;fo jf sf/f]af/ ug]{ d'Vo :yfg / ;f] :yfgdf /x]sf] sDkgLsf] sfof{ nosf] k"/f 7] ufgf, 89
-5_
sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq sf/f]a f/ jf Joj;fo ug]{ eP k|:tfljt nufgL / sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f,
-h_
sDkgLn] g]kfndf sf/f]af/ z'? ug]{ eP ;f]sf] k|:tfljt ldlt,
-em_ sDkgLn] k]z u/]sf] ljj/0fdf pNn]v ul/Psf s'/fx? 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf sDkgLsf] ;~rfns jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 u/]sf] pb\3f]if0f, -`_
bkmf !%& adf]lhdsf] clVtof/gfdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ljb]zL sDkgLn] k] z u/]sf] s'g} lnvtsf] Joxf]/fdf s'g } ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ ePdf ;f] ;+ zf] wg jf x]/km]/sf] ljj/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf k+}tL; lbgleq sfof{ nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ g]kfn /fHoaflx/ hf/L ePsf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k] z ug'{ kg]{ lnvt jf ;f]s f] k|ltlnlk k] z ubf{ ljb] zL sDkgL btf{ ePsf] d'n'ssf] sfg"g cg';f/ k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] x'g ' kg]{5 . !%^= ljb]zL sDkgLsf] lx;falstfa, n]vfk/LIf0f / jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] k|To]s ljb]zL sDkgLn] o; P]g cGtu{t ;+ :yflkt sDkgL;/x g]kfn /fHoleqsf] sf/f]af/sf] jf:tljs l:ylt b]lvg] u/L jf;nft tyf gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] lx;fa;lxtsf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L n] vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq sfof{ nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ ljb]zL sDkgLn] cfˆgf] /lhi68{ sfof{ no /x]sf] d'n'ssf] sfg"g cg';f/ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf]
jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg tyf
;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg clGtd ?kdf tof/ ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq ;f]s f] k|ltlnlk sfof{ nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ ljb]zL sDkgLn]] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf ljj/0fx?;d] t ;dfj] z ug'{' kg]{5M M– -s_
ljb]zL sDkgLsf] gfddf g]kfn /fHoleq /x]sf] l:y/, rfn" tyf cGo ;DklQnfO{ 5'§f5'§} b]lvg] u/L juL{s/0f u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] ljj/0f,
-v_
ljb]zL sDkgLsf] gfddf g]kfn l:yt a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+: yfdf /x]sf] gub /sdsf] :ki6 ljj/0f,
-u_
ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn l:yt a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] C0f tyf cf]e/ 8«fˆ6sf] /sd eP ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-3_
ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfnsf] s'g} afl;Gbf JolQm jf o; P]g cGtu{ t btf{ ePsf] g]kfnL sDkgLnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ C0f tyf bfloTj eP ;f]sf] s' n /sd . 90
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sfof{nodf k] z ug{' kg]{ k|ltj]bg tyf ljj/0f / ;+nUg x'g ' kg]{ sfuhft g]kfnL jf c+ u|]hL efiffafx]s cGo efiffdf n]lvPsf] eP ;f]sf] cflwsfl/s g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL efiffsf] cg'jfbsf] k|lt;d] t ;+ nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd g]kfndf ;Dks{ sfof{no btf{ u/fPsf] ljb] zL sDkgLn] To:tf] sfof{ nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/L, ;Nnfxsf/ jf ;Dks{ JolQm tyf lghx?nfO{ e'QmfgL ul/Psf] tna, eQf tyf /sdx?sf] ljj/0f, To;/L lbPsf] e'QmfgLdf k| rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ s/ s§L u/]sf] ljj/0f / To:tf] sfof{ no ;~rfngsf nflu e'QmfgL ul/Psf] jxfn tyf vr{x?sf] e'QmfgL tyf To;/L lbPsf] e'QmfgLdf k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ s/ s§f u/]sf] ljj/0f n]vfk/LIfsaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fO{ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq sfof{nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . !%&= clVtof/gfdf M -!_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd btf{ x'g] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfndf a;f]a f; ug]{ JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] tkm{af6 jf cfˆgf] lj?4 rnfOPsf] d'2 f dfldnf jf sfg"gL sf/afxL;DaGwL Dofb jf ;" rgf tfd] n ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu jf cGo s'g} sfg"g;Ddt ;"rgfx? k| fKt ug]{ clVtof/ k|bfg u/L lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] jf sDkgLsf] k| wfg sfof{ no /x]sf] d'n'ssf] sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ sDkgLsf] clwsf/k| fKt k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ul/Psf] clVtof/gfdfsf] k|ltlnlk sfof{no;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf] clVtof/gfdfdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 jf sDkgLsf] lj?4df rnfOg] d'2f dfldnf;DaGwL Dofb jf ;" rgf jf cGo sfg"gL ;"rgfx? clVtof/k| fKt k|ltlglwnfO{ a'emfO{Pdf ;f] h'g;'s} k|of]hgsf nflu klg sDkgLnfO{ aGwgsf/L x'g] s'/f pNn] v ug'{ kg]{ 5 . !%*= ljb]zL sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnSjL8];g M -!_ bkmf !%$ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb] zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq ;~rfng u/]sf] sf/f]a f/ aGb u/L cfˆgf] btf{ vf/]h u/fpg rfx]df jf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd clwsf/k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq Joj;fo jf sf/f]a f/ ug{ gkfpg] u/L /f]s nufPdf To:tf] sDkgLn] btf{ vf/]hLsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] b:t'/;lxt sfof{ nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq /x]sf] s'g} JolQm, ;+:yf jf ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ s'g} bfloTj g/x]sf] s'/f olsg x'g] ;a't k|df0f;d]t lgj]bg;fy k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;a'b k|d f0f ;fFrf] xf] jf xf]Og ;f] a'‰gsf nflu sfof{ non] ;f] sDkgLn] s;}nfO{ s'g} bfloTj ltg{ a'emfpg 5 jf 5}g ;f] ;DaGwdf PSsfO; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;a'b ;fy bfaL k]z ug{ /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf sDtLdf b'O{k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . 91
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|sflzt ;" rgfadf]lhd s;}sf] bfaL k/]df To:tf] bfaL km5\of}{6 u/]sf] ;a't ;DalGwt sDkgLn] sfof{no;dIf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] sDkgLpk/ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k/]sf] bfaL To:tf] sDkgLsf] g]kfn /fHodf /x]sf] hfoh]yfaf6 km5\ of}{ 6 x'g g;s]df To:tf] sDkgLsf] g]kfn /fHoaflx/ /x]sf] hfoh] yfaf6 km5\of}{6 ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq s;}sf] s'g} bfaL gk/]df jf k/]sf] bfaL pkbkmf $_ adf]lhd km5\of}{ 6 ePsf] ;a't k] z ePdf sfof{ non] ljb]zL sDkgLsf] btf{lstfaaf6 To:tf] sDkgLsf] gfd x6fO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt sDkgLnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -^_ o; kl/R5]badf]lhd g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] sf/f]a f/ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] d'n'sdWo] s'g} d'n'ssf] sfg"gadf]lhd To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;DaGwdf bfdf;fxLsf] k|lqmof z'? ePdf To:tf] ljb]zL sDkgLsf] bkmf !%& adf]lhd clVtof/L kfPsf] k|ltlglwn] cljnDj sfof{nonfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] ;"rgf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu g]kfn /fHoaf6 k|sfzg x'g] /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf;d]t lghn] k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ To:tf] sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]hLsf] cfb]z hf/L eO;s]sf] eP To:tf] ljb]zL sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq cfˆgf] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fo aGb ug'{ kg]{5 . -&_ pkbkmf -^_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+ zadf]lhd s'g} ljb]zL sDkgLn] sf/f]a f/ jf Joj;fo aGb u/]sf]df To:tf] sDkgLn] g]kfn /fHoleq u/]sf] sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fo ;DaGwdf bfdf;fxL;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd x'g] 5 . kl/R5]b–!& d'2f dfldnfsf] sf/afxL / b08 ;hfo !%(= o; P]g cGtu{tsf] d'2 f;DaGwL ph'/L / sf/afxL M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t s'g} sfd s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf sfof{no, sDkgLsf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, z] o/wgL jf ;b:o jf ;fx" jf ;/f]sf/jfnf cGo s'g} JolQmsf] ph'/Laf6 dfq d'2f bfo/ x'g / sf/afxL rNg ;Sg]5 . -@_ o; P]gadf]lhd sfof{non] g} sf/afxL ug]{ egL :ki6 ls6fgL ePsf]df afx]s o; P]gadf]lhd ;hfo x'g] s;"/;DaGwL d'2f, o; P]gsf ljleGg bkmfx¿df cbfntdf ph'/ L jf lgj]bg lbg ;lsg] egL pNn]v ePsf] ljifo / lauf] Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg]nufotsf] ljifodf sf/afxL tyf lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 . -#_ cbfntn] o; P]gadf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw P]g, @)@* sf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ cGtu{t sfof{no jf cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o jf lbPsf] cfb]zpk/ k}+tL; lbgleq g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;xdlt lnO{ tf]lsPsf] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 . 92
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; P]gadf]lhd d'2f dfldnf tyf cGo sfd sf/afxL ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|sfzg u/L cbfnt gtf]s];Dd bkmf !^( adf]lhd ul7t sDkgL af]] 8{n] o; P]g cGtu{ t ;DalGwt cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ u| x0f ug]{5 . !^)= krf; xhf/ ?k} ofF ;Dd hl/afgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g] M b]xfosf] sfd ug]{ b]xfosf JolQmnfO{ aL; xhf/b]lv krf; xhf/ ?k} ofF ;Dd hl/afgf jf b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] sDkgLsf] s'g} sfuhkqdf ablgot jf å]ifk"0f{ nfk/afxL;fy s'g} em'¶f s'/f pNn]v u/L sDkgL jf s'g} JolQmnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ ofPsf] eP To:tf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-v_
sDkgLsf] s'g} ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] o; P]gadf]lhd /fVg' kg]{ lx;falstfa jf n]vf, >]:tf g/fv]df jf /fVg gnufPdf jf bafPdf jf n'sfPdf jf gf]S;fg u/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{,
-u_
sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] cfˆgf] st{ Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf cfˆgf] k|ltj]bgdf å]ifk"0f{ nfk/afxL jf ablgot;fy em'¶f s'/f n] v]df jf n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] l6Kk0fL ug{ 5' 6fPdf To:tf] n]vfk/LIfsnfO{,
-3_
lnSjL8]6/n] å]ifk"0 f{, nfk/afxL jf ablgot;fy ;fx"x¿sf] ;ef gaf]nfPdf jf k|fyldstfsf] qmdljk/Lt C0f jf bfloTj e'Qmfg u/]df jf o; P]gadf]lhd /fVg' kg]{ lx;falstfa / n]vf g/fv]df jf a' ‰g' kg]{ lx;fa sfuhkq ga'em]df jf em'¶f n]vf /fv]df jf lbg' kg]{ k|ltj]bg glbPdf jf cfˆgf] axfn 6'6]kl5 a'emfpg' kg]{ gub, lhG;L jf >]: tf ga'emfPdf To:tf] lnSjL8]6/nfO{,
-ª_
cfˆgf] lhDdfsf] sfuhkq, n] vf, gubL, lhG;L cfk"m axfn 6' 6]kl5 jf sDkgL vf/]h ug]{ cfb]z k|fKt ePkl5 o; P]gadf]lhd xfnjfnfnfO{ ga'emfPdf jf xfnjfnfn] ga'em]df ;f] ga'emfpg] jf ga'‰g] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/LnfO{,
-r_
sfof{ nodf btf{ x'g'cl3 g} sDkgLsf] ljj/0fkq hf/L ug]{ jf ljj/0fkqdf em'¶f ljj/0f lbg] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-5_
;~rfns ;ldltsf] clwsf/If]q g3fO{ jf sDkgLsf] sfo{If]qaflx/sf] sfd u/]df ;f] ug]{ jf ug{ cfb]z lbg] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-h_
o; P]gadf]lhdsf] ljj/0f glbg] jf em'¶f ljj/0f lbg] z]o/wgLnfO{ ,
-em_ sDkgLsf] gubL jf lhG;L lxgfldgf ug]{ jf df:g] jf sDkgLsf] gubL jf lhG;L ;~rfns ;ldlt jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] :jLs[lt ljgf lghL sfddf k| of] u ug]{ jf 93
sDkgLsf] lgodfg';f/ k]ZsL km5\ of}{6 gug]{ jf sfof{non] lbPsf] cfb] z kfngf gug{] / sDkgLsf] ljj/0f bflvnf gug]{ ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/LnfO{, -`_
o; P]gadf]lhd sDkgL, sfof{ no, cbfnt jf cGo lgsfodf ljj/0f jf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ st{Jo ePsf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] ljj/0f jf hfgsf/L glbPdf To:tf]] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-6_
s'g} sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ cfk"m cof]U o ePsf] Joxf]/f yfxf kfP kl5 klg ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{,
-7_
cfk"m nfO{ k|fKt gePsf] clwsf/ k| of]u ug]{ jf k| fKt clVtof/Laflx/ uO{ sfo{ ug]{ ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-8_
o; P]gsf] ljk/Lt n] vf /fVg] ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-9_
o; P]g adf]lhd z] o/wgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ;+lIfKt cfly{s ljj/0f, jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bg pknAw gu/fpg] ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-0f_
o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfljk/Lt x'g] u/L sDkgLaf6 s'g} C0f ;'ljwf jf kfl/>lds lng] jf lbg] ;~rfns, cfwf/e"t z]o/wgL tyf sDkgLnfO{,
-t_
sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"FhL 36fpg cbfntsf] :jLs[lt dfu ubf{ ;fx"sf] gfd 9fF6\g], n'sfpg] jf sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0fsf] af/]df em'¶f ljj/0f lbg] sDkgL, ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{,
-y_
o; P]gsf] ljk/Lt z] o/ jf l8a]~r/ laqmL ug]{ k|fOe]6 sDkgL, To:tf] sDkgLsf ;~rfns tyf z] o/wgLnfO{,
-b_
o; P]gsf] ljk/Lt g]kfn /fHoleq Joj;fo jf sf/f]a f/ ug]{ ljb]zL sDkgL, To:tf] sDkgLsf ;~rfns, sd{rf/L jf k|ltlglwnfO{,
-w_
l8a]~r/jfnfx?sf] lxtljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ l8a]~r/ 6«i6L, To:tf] 6«i6Lsf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-g_
bkmf $^ sf] pkbkmf -&_ sf] k|lts"n sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{,
-k_
bkmf ^) adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ gug]{ ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-km_
o; P]gadf]lhd sDkgL btf{ gu/L sDkgL zAbsf] k|of] u u/L sf/f]af/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{,
-a_
bkmf !$! jf bkmf !&% adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L jf ;" rgf pknAw gu/fpg] sDkgL, ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
94
-e_
bkmf $& adf]lhd dfu ul/Psf] hfgsf/L pknAw gu/fpg] sDkgLsf] z] o/wgL jf ;f] bkmf cg' ;f/ z] o/wgLaf6 k| fKt hfgsf/L sfof{nodf k]z gug]{ sDkgL, ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-d_
bkmf !)% sf] ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-o_
sfof{ non]k6s–k6s lnlvt cfb]z lb+bf jf ;f] ;Dej geP ;~rf/ dfWoddfk{mt ;" rgf lb+bf klg cfˆgf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] 7]u fgf sfof{ nonfO{ pknAw gu/fpg] sDkgLsf] k|aGw ;~rfns, ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-/_
bkmf %) sf] ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ sDkgL, ;~rfns, cfwf/e"t z] o/wgL tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
!^!= krf; xhf/ ?k} ofF ;Dd hl/afgf x'g] M b] xfosf s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ bz xhf/b]lv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 M– -s_
o; P]gsf] Joj:yf pNn+3g u/L z] o/ afF8kmfF8 u/]df ;f] ug]{ kbflwsf/L jf JolQmnfO{ ,
-v_
o; P]glj?4 sDkgLsf] df}Hbft k"FhLaf6 ;f]xL sDkgLn] cfˆgf] jf cfˆgf] d'Vo sDkgLsf] z]o/ vl/b u/]df jf o; P]gljk/Lt nufgL u/]df To:tf] sDkgLsf] k|To]s ;~rfnsnfO{,
-u_
n]vfk/LIfsn] vf]h]sf] avt lghnfO{ lx;falstfa gb]vfPdf jf glbPdf ;f] b]vfpg' jf lbg' kg]{ st{Jo ePsf kbflwsf/L jf JolQmnfO{,
-3_
P]gdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t' t gug]{ n] vfk/LIfsnfO{,
-ª_
bkmf !&@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf gldnfpg] sDkgLsf]] ;~rfns, Joj:yfks tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-r_
bkmf !$^ jf !$& sf] Joj:yf pNn+3g ug]{ jf o; P]g cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{ clen] v, lstfa jf ljj/0f g/fVg] ;~rfns tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{,
-5_
kl/R5]b!* df ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ jf pQm kl/R5]bdf lgwf{l/t st{ Jo tyf bfloTj k"/f gug]{ sDkgL, ;~rfns, n]vfk/LIfs, kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/LnfO{,
-h_
o; P]gadf]lhd af] nfpg' kg]{ ;fwf/0f ;ef jf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a} 7s gaf]nfPdf jf ;fwf/0f ;ef jf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf gk7fPdf jf ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf cufj} z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ lnvtx¿ tof/ g/fv]df jf ;efdf k|: t't ug'{ kg]{ sfuhkq k|:t't gu/]df ;f] /fVg' jf ug'{ kg]{ jf ;ef af]nfpg' kg]{ jf ;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{ st{ Jo ePsf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf JolQmnfO{ .
-em_ bkmf &% sf] pkbkmf -!_ / bkmf (& sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o clen] vdf jf o; P]gadf]lhd tof/ ug'{ kg]{ / sDkgL jf sfof{nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{ cGo ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bgdf jf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ;" rgf jf hfgsf/Ldf geP gu/]sf] s'/fnfO{ eP 95
u/]sf] egL / eP u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ geP gu/]sf] egL e"m§f lnvt jf sfuhft Joxf]/f pNn]v ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ . -`_
bkmf !@^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;~rfnsx?n] u/]sf] pb\3f]i f0f e"m§f 7x/]df To:tf] e"m§f pb\3f]if0f ug]{ ;~rfnsnfO{,
-6_
o; P]gadf]lhd ljb]zL sDkgLn] sfof{ nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{ lnvt jf sfuhftsf] e"m§f] jf unt cg'jfb ug]{ jf To;nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ JolQmnfO{ .
!^@= aL; xhf/ ?k} ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g] M bkmf !^) / !^! df n]lvPb]lv afx]s o; P]gadf]lhd cfk"m n] ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd s'/f gug]{ jf ug{ gx'g] sfd s'/f ug]{ jf st{Jo kfngf gug]{ jf ug'{ kg]{ sfd s'/f klg Dofb g3fO{ jf /Lt gk'¥ofO{ ug]{ jf sfof{ nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ s'/fsf] hfgsf/L glbg] jf sfof{ nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f k] z gug]{ sDkgL jf sDkgLsf ;DalGwt ;~rfns, k|aGw ;~rfns, k|aGws, sDkgL ;lrj jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cbfntn] kfF r xhf/b]lv aL; xhf/ ?k} ofF ;Dd hl/afgf ug]{5 . !^#= gf]S;fgL lauf] e/fpg] Ms'g} sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf s'g} JolQmn] o; P]gdf n]lvPadf]lhd s'g} ;hfo x'g] s;"/ u/L jf o; P]g jf k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yfsf] pNn+3g u/L sDkgL jf z] o/wgL jf ;fx" jf c? s'g} JolQmnfO{ s'g} xflg, gf] S;fgL k'¥ofPdf dsf{ kg]{ sDkgL, z] o/wgL, ;fx" jf s'g} JolQmn] gf]S;fgLsf] lauf] e/fO{ lng kfpg]5 . o:tf] gf]S;fgLsf] lauf] lghn] cfˆgf] 3/ 3/fgfaf6 Joxf]g'{ kg]{ 5 . kl/R5]b–!* n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt !^$= n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt M -!_ tLg s/f]8 ?k} ofF jf ;f]e Gbf a9L r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] ;" rLs[t sDkgL jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k" 0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] sDkgLn] sDkgLsf] b}lgs sfo{;~rfng jf Joj:yfkgfdf ;+ nUg g/x]sf] ;~rfnssf] cWoIftfdf sDtLdf tLghgf ;b:o /x]sf] Ps n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ sDkgLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d' vsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ /x]sf] s'g} JolQm pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ ul7t n]vf k/LIf0f ;ldltsf] ;b:o x'g ;Sg] 5}g . -#_ n]vf k/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sDtLdf Pshgf ;b:o n] vf;DaGwL Jofj;flos k|df0fkq k|fKt cg'ejL JolSt jf n]vf, jfl0fHo, Joj:yfkg, ljQ jf cy{zf:qdf sDtLdf :gftssf] pkflw k|fKt u/L n] vf tyf ljQLo If]qdf cg'ejk|fKt JolSt x'g' kg]{5 . -$_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] 5f] 6s/L laj/0f, n] vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] s'g } ;'emfj lbPsf] eP To:tf ;' emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;~rfns ;ldltn] cjnDag u/]sf] sfo{gLlt, n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] s'g} eQf jf ;'ljwf k| fKt u/]sf] eP ;f] s'/f / 96
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] gfd;d]t sDkgLn] tof/ ug'{ kg]{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf v' nfpg' kg]{ 5 . -%_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] s'g} ljifodf ;f] wk' 5 ug{ sDkgLsf] k|aGw ;~rfns, sDkgLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v
jf sDkgLsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngdf ;+ nUg cGo ;~rfns,
n]vfk/LIfs, cfGtl/s n] vfk/LIfs tyf n] vf k|d'vnfO{ ;"rgf lbO{ a}7sdf af] nfpg ;Sg] 5 / To:tf] ;"rgf ePdf ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g' lghx?sf] st{ Jo x'g] 5 . -^_ sDkgLsf] n]vf tyf ljQLo Joj:yfsf] af/]df n] vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] lbPsf] ;'emfjnfO{ ;~rfns ;ldltn] sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 / s'g} ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ g;lsg] eP To;sf] sf/0f;d]t ;~rfns ;ldltn] k|ltj]bgdf v' nfpg' kg]{5 . -&_ sDkgLn] n] vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] lhDd]j f/L cg';f/sf] sfo{ ug{ kof{Kt ;fwg tyf >f]tsf] Joj:yf ul/lbg' kg]{5 / n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] cfˆgf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw cfkm} lgoldt ug]{5 . -*_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] cWoIf sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 . -(_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] a} 7s cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g]5 . !^%= n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M bkmf !^$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b] xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M– -s_
sDkgLsf]
n]vf
tyf
ljQLo
laj/0fx?
-lkmgflG;on :6] 6d]G6_ sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ / To:tf ljj/0fx?df plNnlvt tYosf] ;Totf olsg ug]{, -v_
sDkgLsf]
cfGtl/s
ljQLo
lgoGq0f
k|0 ffnL
-OG6/gn lkmgfG;Lon sG6« f]n l;i6d_ tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|0 ffnL -l/:s Dofg]hd]G6 l;i6d_ sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{, -u_
sDkgLsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f;DaGwL sfo{sf] ;' k/Lj]If0f tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{,
-3_
sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu ;+e fljt n] vfk/LIfsx?sf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug]{ / lghsf] kfl/>lds tyf lgo'lQmsf zt{ x? lgwf{/0f u/L cg'df]bgsf] nflu ;fwf/0f ;efdf k] z ug]{],
-ª_
sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] n] vfk/LIf0f;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ kfngf ug'{ kg]{ k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf cfr/0f, dfkb08 tyf lgb]{lzsf kfng u/] jf gu/]sf] s'/fsf] /]vb]v tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{,
97
-r_
k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ clwsf/k| fKt lgsfon] tof/ u/]sf] cfr/0f, dfkb08 tyf lgb]{lzsfsf] cfwf/df n] vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm tyf 5gf}6sf] ;DaGwdf sDkgLn] cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ gLlt to ug]{,
-5_
sDkgLsf] n]vf;DaGwL gLlt tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{ u/fpg],
-h_
s'g} lgodgsf/L lgsfon] sDkgLsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf v' nfpg' kg]{ lj:t[t ljj/0f -n+u kmd{ cl86 l/kf]6{_ sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] ljj/0f tof/ ug{ cfjZos zt{x? k"/f ug]{,
-em_ sDkgLsf] n]vf, ljQLo Joj:yf tyf n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ . kl/R5]b–!( d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL;DaGwL Joj:yf !^^= d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg
s'g} k]zf jf Joj;fosf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g ug{ jf s'g} vf;
k] zf jf
Joj;fodf nfu]sf JolQmx?sf] ;fd"l xs xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f ug{ jf s'g} z}lIfs, k|fl1s, ;fdflhs, k/f]ksf/L jf ;fj{hlgs pkof]lutf jf sNof0fsf/L p2]Zo k| flKtsf] nflu nfef+z afF8L lng gkfpg] zt{d f s'g} pBd ug{ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt p2]Zo k| fKt ug{sf] nflu sDkgL btf{ ug{ rfxg] s'g } JolQm jf k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ btf{ ePsf ;fj{ hlgs
u'7Lsf ;~rfns jf k|rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf cGo ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] bkmf $ adf]lhd sfof{no;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug]{ ;+:yfksx?sf] ;+Vof sDtLdf kfFr x'g ' kg]{5 / To:tf] sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePkl5 kfF rhgfdf g36\g] u/L o;sf ;b:ox?sf] ;+Vof hlt;'s} klg x'g ;Sg] 5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf] ;b:otf s'g} Joxf]/fn] x:tfGt/0f x'g ;Sg] 5}g . s'g} ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf, btf{ vf/]h jf lj36g ePdf jf cGo ;+ :yf jf sDkgLdf uflePdf To:tf] JolQm jf ;+: yfsf] ;b:otf :jtM ;dfKt x'g] 5 . -%_ sfof{non] k"j{:jLs[lt lbPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLn] cfˆgf] gfdsf] ;fydf æsDkgLÆ, ælnld6] 8Æ jf æk|fOe]6 lnld6] 8Æ h:tf zAbx? n]Vg' kg]{ 5}g . -^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] sDkgLn] zfvf lj:tf/ ubf{ sfof{ nosf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . 98
!^&= d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfx? M -!_ o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !^^ adf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf] b] xfosf s'/fx?df b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] 5 M– -s_
d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ug{ z] o/ k"FhL cfjZos kg]{ 5}g . t/ sDkgLn] cfˆgf ;b:ox?af6 ;b:otf z'Ns k| fKt ug{ / cfˆgf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ sfg"gadf]lhd bfg, cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_
sDkgLsf] s'g} ;b:on] lnlvt ?kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s sDkgLsf] C0f jf bfloTjdf o;sf ;b:ox? lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5}gg\ / s'g} ;b:on] bfloTjsf] xb tf]ls lnlvt ?kdf sDkgLsf] bfloTj :jLsf/ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] xb;Dd dfq lghsf] bfloTj ;Lldt /xg]5 .
-u_
z]o/ k"FhL ePsf] sDkgLnfO{ dfq nfu" x'g ;Sg] Joj:yfx?afx]s ;" rLs[t sDkgLnfO{ nfu" x'g] o; P]gsf ;Dk"0 f{ Joj:yfx? sDkgL, o;sf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, n] vfk/LIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t nfu" x'g]5g\ .
-3_
sDkgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] d'gfkmfaf6 nfef+ z, jf]g; jf cGo s'g} /sd o;sf ;b:o jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ 5}g / sDkgLn] cfh{g u/]sf] d'gfkmf sDkgLsf] k"FhL a[l4 ug{ jf To;sf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu vr{ ul/g]5 .
-ª_
sDkgLn] cfˆgf] p2]Zodf kl/jt{g ubf{ sfof{nosf] k"j{:jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-r_
d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL d'gfkmf ljt/0f ug]{ sDkgLdf ufleg ;Sg] 5}g .
-5_
o; kl/R5]badf]lhd ;+: yflkt sDkgLsf ;b:ox?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 Ps ;b:o Ps dtsf] lx;fan] lgodfjnLdf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;+ Vofdf
;~rfnsx?
lgjf{rg ug]{5g\ . -h_
o; kl/R5]badf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLdf sfd ug]{ kbflwsf/Ln] kfpg] a}7s eQf, tna, ;'ljwf tyf sDkgLsf] ;+: yfkgf vr{ / ;~rfng vr{ sfof{ non] tf]s]eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g / sfof{non] o;/L vr{ tf] Sbf To:tf] sDkgLsf] k"FhLut cj:yf tyf d'gfkmfnfO{ cfwf/ lng' kg]{5 .
-em_ o; kl/R5]badf]lhd ;+ :yflkt sDkgL lj36g ePdf jf btf{ vf/]hLdf k/]df sDkgLsf] C0f tyf bfloTj km5\ of}{ 6 u/L afFsL /x]sf] hfoh] yf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf s'g} Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP ;f] xLadf]lhd / Joj:yf gePsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/df ;g]{ 5 . t/ To:tf] hfoh]yf s'g} klg lsl;dn] To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;+:yfks jf ;b:o jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]b f/ jf lghsf] glhssf] gft]bf/ ;+:yfks jf ;b:o ePsf] ;+ :yf jf sDkgLdf ;g]{ 5}g . 99
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf] Joj:yf pNn+3g ePdf sfof{non] To;/L pNn+3g ug]{ sDkgLsf] btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ btf{ vf/]h ug'{cl3 sDkgLnfO{ ;kmfO{sf] df}sf lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sfof{non] btf{ vf/]h u/]sf] lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn] To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] hfgsf/L k| fKt u/]sf] k}+tL; lbgleq cbfntdf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sfof{ non] btf{ vf/]h ubf{ o:tf] sDkgLsf] vf/]hLsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ vf/]h ul/;Sg' kg]{ ;dofjlw tf]s L lnSjL8]6/ tyf n] vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm lnSjL8] 6/ tyf n] vfk/LIfsn] o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg';f/ cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 . kl/R5]b–@) sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{ tyf sDkgL af]8{;DaGwL cGtl/d Joj:yf !^*= sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf] u7g M -!_ of] P]g tyf sDkgL k|zf;g;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx?sf] cWoog u/L k|rlnt sDkgL sfg"gdf ;fdlos ;'wf/ ug]{ ljifodf / sDkgL k|zf;gsf] ;' wf/sf ;DaGwdf cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k/fdz{ lbgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|s fzg u/L ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf sfg"g, n]vf Joj;fo, s/ k|zf;g, jfl0fHo jf Jofkf/ k| zf;g k|To]s If]qaf6 ;f] ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]Q/ pQL0f{ u/L sDtLdf ;ft jif{ sfo{ u/L ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf] Ps Pshgf JolQm / g]kfn pBf] u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] k|ltlglw;d]t /xg] u/L a9Ldf gf}hgf ;b:o /x]sf] sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf] u7g ug]{5 . /lhi6«f/ sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af] 8{sf] ;b:o–;lrj x'g] 5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;Nnfxsf/ af] 8{sf] u7g ubf{ ;f] xL ;" rgfdf ;f] af]8{s f ;b:ox?dWo]af6 s'g} Ps ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] sfd ug{] u/L tf]]lsg]5 . -#_ sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{n] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt dGqfnodf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs ug'{sf] ;fy} plrt d"N odf ;j{ ;fwf/0fn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . !^(= sDkgL af]8{;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfadf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] cbfnt gtf]s];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L b] xfoadf]lhdsf] cWoIf tyf ;b:o /xg] u/L] tLg ;b:oLo sDkgL af]8{ u7g ug]{ 5 M– 100
-s_
sfg"gdf :gfts eO{ jfl0fHo sfg"gsf] If]qdf cg'ej ePsf] lhNnf Gofoflwz jf lhNnf GofofwLz eO;s]sf] jf x'g of]U otf k' u]sf] JolQm
-v_
– cWoIf
k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd clwjQmfsf] ?kdf btf{ eO{ jfl0fHo sfg"gsf] If]qdf sDtLdf bz jif{ sfg"g Joj;fo u/]sf] jf g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0 fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf rf/ jif{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm
-u_
– ;b:o
Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo zf:q jf n]vf ljifodf :gfts eO{ sDkgL Joj:yfkg, s/ k| zf;g jf n]vf If]qdf sDtLdf bz jif{;Dd sfd u/]sf] jf n]vf;DaGwL Jofj;flos k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L n]vf Joj;fodf sDtLdf kfFr jif{sf] cg'ejk| fKt n]vf Joj;foL – ;b:o
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ jf -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !^* adf]lhd ul7t sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af] 8{sf ;b:ox?dWo]af6 ;f]xL v08x?df plNnlvt of]U otf k'u]sf s'g} ;b:onfO{ o; bkmf cg';f/ u7g x'g] sDkgL af]8{sf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] ?kdf;d] t sfd ug]{ u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf] Sg
;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] af]8{n] o; P]gadf]lhd cbfntnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/If]qsf] k|of]u ug]{5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ul7t sDkgL af] 8{n] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd clwsf/If]qsf] k| of]u u/L d'2f dfldnfsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhd ug]{5 M– -s_
cfˆgf] clwsf/If]qsf] k| of] u tLghgf ;b:on] ;fd"lxs ?kdf ug]{ 5g\ . t/ cWoIf / csf]{ Ps ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL tyf lsgf/f ug{ / cWoIfafx]s cGo b'O{hgf ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-v_
tLghgf ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf ;a} ;b:osf] Psdt jf b'O{ ;b:osf] ax'dt sfod eP ;f]xL dt sDkgL af]8{s f] lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-u_
b'O{ ;b:o dfq pkl:yt eO{ b'j} ;b:osf] Psdt sfod ePdf sDkgL af] 8{sf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 . 101
-3_
b'O{ ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] cj:yfdf Psdt sfod x'g g;s]df sf/afxLsf] xsdf cWoIf pkl:yt eP cWoIfsf] /foadf]lhd / cWoIfafx]s cGo ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf jl/i7 ;b:osf] /foadf]lhd ug'{ kg{]5 / km} ;nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf xsdf klxn] cg'kl:yt /xg] ;b:o;dIf k] z u/L lghn] ;dy{g u/]sf] /fonfO{ sDkgL af] 8{sf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-ª_
tLghgf ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] cj:yfdf tLghgf ;b:osf] dt km/s–km/s ePdf jf v08 -3_ adf]lhd klxn] cg'kl:yt /xg] ;b:o;dIf k]z x'Fbf klg ax'dt sfod x'g gcfPsf]d f sf/afxLsf xsdf cWoIfsf] /foadf]lhd ug'{ kg{]5 / km};nf jf clGtd cfb] zsf] xsdf k'g/fj]bg ;' Gg] cbfntdf ;fws hfx]/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ sDkgL af]8{n] d'2fsf] sfo{a f]em x]/ L g]kfn /fHoleq cGo s'g} :yfgdf klg s'g} lglZrt cjlwsf] nflu cfˆgf] d'sfd sfod u/L d'2 fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg] 5 . -^_ sDkgL af]8{n] d'2f dfldnfsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw P]g, @)@* adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{ 5 . -&_ o; bkmfadf]lhd s'g} d'2f dfldnfsf] ;DaGwdf sDkgL af]8{n] u/]sf] lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'‰g] kIfn] lg0f{ osf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -*_ o; bkmfadf]lhd lgo'Qm jf tf]lsPsf] cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 . t/ Psk6s lbOPsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf 36fpg] u/L ;]jf zt{ tf]lsg] 5}g . -(_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sDkgL P]g, @)%# adf]lhd u7g eO{ sfod /x]sf]] sDkgL af]8{ o; P]gadf]lhdsf] sDkgL af]8{ u7g geP;Dd sfod /xg]5 . -!)_ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fb fsf avt pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgL af]8{df bfo/ eO{ sf/afxLdf /x]sf jf lg0f{ o x'g afFsL /x]sf d'2fx? / tT;DaGwL lgj]bgx? of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 o; bkmfadf]lhd Joj:yf ePsf] sDkgL af] 8{df ;g]{5g\ / To:tf] af] 8{af6 g} To:tf d'2fx?sf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f x'g]5 . !&)= sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{ / sDkgL af]8{sf] ;lrjfno / sd{rf/L;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf !^* adf]lhd u7g x'g] sDkgL ;Nnfxsf/ af]8{sf] ;lrjfno sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nodf /xg]5 . -@_ bkmf !^( adf]lhd u7g x'g] sDkgL af] 8{sf] ;lrjfno pBf]u dGqfnodf /xg]5 . -#_ sDkgL af]8{sf] ;lrjfnodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ;+Vofdf sd{rf/Lx? /xg]5g\ . 102
!&!= sDkgL af]8{sf] lj36g M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L o; P]gadf]lhd cbfnt tf]s]sf ldltb]lv bkmf !^( adf]lhd ul7t sDkgL af]8{ :jtM lj36g x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL af]8{ lj36g ePkl5
;f] af]8{d f sfo{/t cWoIf,
;b:o tyf cGo sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 / ;f]afkt lghx?nfO{ s'g} Ifltk"lt{ jf yk /sd e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . cGo sfof{ noaf6 ;f] af]8{d f sfh v6fOPsf sd{rf/Lx? eP lghx?sf] sfh :jtM ;dfKt x'g] 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL af]8{ lj36g ePkl5 o; P]gadf]lhd ;f] af]8{d f k/L sf/afxL rln/x]sf jf lg0f{o x'g afFsL /x]s f ;Dk"0f{ d'2 fx? tyf tT;DaGwL lgj]bgx? cbfntdf ;g]{5g\ . kl/R5]b–@! ljljw !&@= sDkgLsf] clen] v / sDKo"6/sf] k| of]u M -!_ o; P]gadf]lhd sDkgLn] /fVg' kg]{ lg0f{ok'l:tsf, z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] btf{lstfa, z] o/wgLsf] ;" rL, lx;falstfa tyf n]vf cflbsf] clen] v 5'§} lstfadf r9fO{ /fVg] u/L jf o; bkmfdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L ljB'tLo ;~rf/ ;fwg tyf sDKo' 6/sf] dfWodaf6 k9\g g;lsg] -gg\ n]lhjn_ lsl;dn] ;d]t jf cGo s'g} tj/af6 clen] v v8f x'g] u/L /fVg ;lsg]5 . -@_ s'g} lg0f{ok'l:tsf, btf{lstfa, z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;"rL, lx;falstfa tyf n]vf cflbsf] clen]v lstfa v8f gu/L cGo s'g} tl/sfaf6 /flvPsf] ePdf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M– -s_
o:tf] lg0f{ok'l:tsf, btf{lstfa, z] o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;" rL jf n] vf cflbsf] clen] v /flvPsf] 7fpFd f ;lhn} ;Fu kx'F r x'g] ePdf / To;nfO{ x]g{ jf ;f] 7fpFaf6 ;f] k|ltlnlk k| fKt ug{ ;lsg] ePdf ;f] s'g} vf; 7fpFd f /flvPsf] dflgg]5 .
-v_
v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] clen] v s;} n] laufg{ jf km]/jbn ug{ g;Sg] / o;df clen] v ul/Psf] s'/f ;lhn} ;Fu kQf nufO{ x]g{ / o;sf] k|ltlnlk lgsfNgsf] nflu sDkgLn] kof{Kt Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_
s'g} s'/f ;/;tL{ k9\g g;lsg] lsl;dn] /]s8{ ul/Psf] eP To;nfO{ ;lhn} k9\g ;lsg] u/L l/k|f]8\o"; ug{ ;lsg] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmf cg';f/ ljB'tLo ;~rf/ ;fwg jf sDKo' 6/sf] k|of]u u/L j]e ;fO6df s'g} lg0f{ok'l:tsf, btf{lstfa, z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] ;" rL, lx;falstfa tyf n]vf cflbsf] 103
clen] v /flvPsf] eP To;/L lnvtx? tof/ ul/Psf] ldlt / ;+zf] wg ul/Psf] ldlt;d]t :ki6;Fu b]lvg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . -$_ sDkgLn] o; P]gadf]lhd /fv]sf] s'g} lg0f{ ok'l:tsf, btf{lstfa, s'g} ;" rL, lx;falstfa tyf n]vfsf] clen] v ;/;tL{ k9\g g;lsg] lsl;dn] -gg n]lhjn kmd{_ clen] v u/]sf] eP / ;f]s f] lg/LIf0f ug{ lbg' kg]{ jf ;f]s f] k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{ kg]{ u/L s'g } sfg"gn] sDkgLsf] bfloTj lgwf{/0f u/]sf] eP To:tf clen] vsf] ;fGble{s c+z lg/LIf0f ug{ / x]g{
;lsg]
jf
;lhn} ;Fu
k9\g
;lsg]
9fFrf
-n]lhjn kmd{_ df o;sf] k|ltlnlk k] z ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' sDkgLsf] bfloTj x'g]5 . !&#= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf ;+: yfg sDkgLdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj /xg] u/L k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;+:yflkt ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg jf ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# adf]lhdsf] ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug{ rfx]d f o; P]g cg';f/ To:tf] ;+:yfg jf ;ldltnfO{ klAns sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/L ;+:yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_adf]lhdsf] sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ubf{ ;+: yfks z] o/wgLsf] ;+ Vofdf s'g} aGb]h /xg] 5}g . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+:yfg jf ;ldltsf] rn crn ;DklQ d"NofÍg u/L pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf x'g] sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"F hLdf kl/0ft ug{ ;lsg]5 / To;/L kl/0ft ePdf lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s To:tf] ;+:yfg jf ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0 f{ hfoh]yf / bfloTj To:tf] sDkgLdf ;g]{5 . -$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmfadf]lhd ;+:yflkt sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;+Vof sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf ;~rfnsn] ;~rfns x'gsf] nflu z]o/ lng' kg]{ 5}g . -%_ o; bkmfadf]lhdsf] sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z] o/ lghL If]qnfO{ lwtf]kq ahf/dfk{mt jf jftf{a f6 ;f]em} Psd'i6 laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 . !&$= ;flasjfnfn] xfnjfnfnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ M s'g} ;~rfns jf sDkgLsf cGo s'g} kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] sfuhkq lghsf] axfn 6'6]kl5 lghsf] 7fpFdf sfd ug{ lgo'Qm ePsf] xfnjfnf ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] axfn 6'6]sf] tL; lbgleq a'emfpg' kg]{5 / ;f]adf]lhd ;flasjfnfn] a'emfpg cfPdf xfnjfnfn] klg a'lemlng' kg]{5 . !&%= ;Da4 sDkgLaLr sf/f]af/ M -!_ b]xfosf sDkgLx?aLr s'g} Ps sDkgLn] csf]{ sDkgLnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf C0f jf cGo lsl;dsf] cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{, s'g} bfloTj e'Qmfg ug,]{ hdfgt jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'/If0f k|bfg ug]{ ;Demf}t f jf Joj:yf ePsf] jf 104
lgoldt Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/afx]ssf] cGo s'g} sf/f]af/ ePsf]d f ;Da4 sDkgLx?aLr sf/f]af/ ePsf] dflgg]5 M– -s_
s'g} sDkgL / To;sf] d'Vo sDkgL,
-v_
s'g} sDkgL / To;sf] d'Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgL
-u_
s'g} sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL / To:tf] sDkgLsf] d' Vo sDkgL,
-3_
s'g} sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgL / d' Vo sDkgLsf] cGo ;xfos sDkgL .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf/f]af/ ePdf ;Da4 sDkgLn] cfˆgf] z]o/wgL tyf sfof{ nonfO{ oyf;+ej rfF 8f] To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf b] xfosf ljj/0f;d]t vf] nL ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 M– -s_
sf/f]af/sf] ldlt / sf/f]a f/df ;+nUg kIfx?,
-v_
sf/f]af/sf] k|s[lt / To:tf] sf/f]af/ cGtu{t C0f k|bfg ug]{, cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ tyf ;'/If0f lbg] h:tf sf/f]af/ ePsf] eP To;sf] /sd jf d"N o .
!&^=
sDkgLx?aLrsf] sf/f]af/df k|ltaGw M -!_ s'g} klg sDkgLn] k|ToIf jf ck| ToIf ?kdf cfˆgf] r'Qmf k"FhL / ;l~rt d'gfkmf -lk|m l/he{_ sf] ;f7L k|ltzt jf ;l~rt d'gfkmf -lk|m l/he{_ sf] zt k|ltztn] x'g] /sddWo] h'g a9L x'G5 ;f] /sdeGbf a9L x'g] u/L s'g} csf]{ sDkgLnfO{ ;fk6L lbg jf s'g} csf]{ sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0fafkt hdfgt lbg jf cGo sDkgLsf] lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . t/ a}lÍË jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ sDkgL, aLdf sDkgL, lwtf]kqsf] vl/b laqmL ug]{ d"n p2]Zo ePsf] sDkgL, a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f glnPsf] k| fOe]6 sDkgL, ef}lts k"j f{wf/ ;'ljwf -OGk|mf:6«Sr/ ˆofl;lnl6_ k'¥ofpg] p2]Zo ePsf] sDkgL tyf d' Vo sDkgLn] cfˆgf] k"0 f{ :jfldTj ePsf] ;xfos sDkgLdf u/]sf] nufgL, ;f] sDkgLnfO{ lbOPsf]
;fk6L / ;f]
sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0fafkt lbOPsf] hdfgt tyf o; P]gcGtu{ t hf/L ePsf] xsk|b z]o/df ul/Psf] nufgLsf] ;DaGwdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLn] s'g} cGo sDkgLnfO{ lbPsf] ;fk6L, To:tf] sDkgLdf u/]sf] nufgL jf To:tf] sDkgLn] lnPsf] C0fafkt lbPsf] hdfgtsf] ;DaGwdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{5 . !&&= sDkgL ufleg ;Sg] M -!_ Pp6f klAns sDkgL csf]{ sDkgLdf uflegsf] lgldQ ufleg] sDkgLn] cfˆgf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L pkbkmf -#_ sf] cwLgdf /xL csf]{ sDkgLdf ufleg ;Sg]5 . t/ k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf cfˆgf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf ePsf]
Joj:yfadf]lhd
x'g]5 . 105
-@_ s'g} klAns sDkgL k|fOe]6 sDkgLdf ufleFbf jf k| fOe]6 sDkgL klAns sDkgLdf ufleFbf klAns sDkgL sfod /xg] 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ufleg] k|: tfj kfl/t ePdf To:tf] sDkgLn] b]xfosf s'/fx¿ v'nfO{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu tL; lbgleq sfof{ nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M– -s_
klAns sDkgLsf] xsdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o / k|fOe]6 sDkgL eP ufleg] clwsf/ lbg] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tfsf] tT;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_
ufleg] sDkgLsf] clGtd jf;nft / n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-u_
ufleg] / ufEg] sDkgLsf ;fx" x¿sf] lnlvt ;xdltkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
-3_
ufleg] sDkgLsf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"NofÍg, ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f,
-ª_
ufleg] / ufEg] sDkgLn] ufleg] sDkgLsf ;fx" x¿ / sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf ;DaGwdf s'g} lg0f{o u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] lg0f{ osf] k|ltlnlk,
-r_
sDkgLx?aLr Ps cfk;df ufleg ;DkGg ePsf] ;xdltkq -:sLd ckm P/]Ghd]G6_ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf sfof{nodf lbPdf ;f] ;DaGwL cWoog u/L tLg dlxgfleq sfof{non] cfˆgf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ sfof{ noaf6 pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ufleg ;Sg] :jLs[lt k| fKt ePkl5 ufleg] sDkgLsf ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf bfloTjx¿ ufEg] sDkgLdf ;/]sf] dflgg]5 . -^_ sfof{ non] sDkgLsf] btf{ nutdf uflePsf] sDkgLsf] af/]df 5'§} clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 . -&_ sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL jf ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]d f afx]s sDkgLsf] PsLs/0f ug]{ jf ufleg] jf z]o/sf] x]/km]/ jf x:tfGt/0f jf sDkgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ hfoh]yfsf] laqmLdf lnlvt ;xdlt ghgfpg] z] o/wgLn] To;/L PsLs[t eO{ ufleg' jf z] o/sf] cbnLabnL jf x:tfGt/0f jf hfoh]yfsf] laqmL x'g' cufj} sDkgLsf] ;DklQ d"NofÍg u/fO{ cfˆgf] z]o/ cg'kftsf] /sd ufleg] sDkgLaf6 lkmtf{ lng kfpg]5 . -*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h' ;;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Psflwsf/ jf cg'lrt Jofkfl/s lgoGq0f x'g] jf ;fj{ hlgs lxtsf] ljk/Lt x'g] b]lvPdf sfof{ non] sDkgL ufleg] :jLs[lt lbg] 5}g . !&*= lgb]{zg lbg] clwsf/ M s'g} sDkgL, To;sf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L jf cGo s'g} sd{rf/Ln] o; P]g jf k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnL jf k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf ;j{ ;Ddt ;Demf} tfadf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd sf/afxL gu/]sf] jf o; P]g jf sDkgLsf] lgodfjnLsf] alv{nfk s'g} sfd 106
sf/afxL u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;"rgf sfof{ nonfO{ s'g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt ePdf sfof{ non] ;f] s'/fsf] hfF ra'em u/L jf ug{ nufO{ ;f]adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd, s'/f ug{ jf u/fpg jf gug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd, s'/faf6 /f] Sg ;DalGwt sDkgL, To;sf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfng ug'{ ;DalGwt JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . !&(= af]g; z]o/ M -!_ sDkgLn] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L nfef+z afF8\g ;lsg] /sdaf6 cfˆgf] z] o/wgLx?nfO{ af]g; z] o/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgLn] af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug'{ kbf{ To:tf] z] o/ hf/L ug'{ cufj} sfof{ nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . !*)= o; P]g jf lgodfjnLsf] alv{ nfk eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g] M o; P]g , k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]d f afx]s o; P]g, k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLadf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd, s'/f gu/L jf gug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd, s'/f u/L s'g} sDkgLdf jf s'g} sDkgLsf ;DaGwdf s'g} sfd sf/afxL eP u/]sf] /x] 5 eg] ;f] sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g]5 . !*!= sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/;DaGwL ;"rgf M -!_ o; P]g , k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLadf]lhd s'g} ;"rgf lbg' kg]{ ePdf / ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] plNnlvt ;do cufj} jf kl5 ;f] ;" rgf cfjZos gePsf] s'/f lnlvt?kdf AoQm u/]df ;f] ;"rgf k| fKt u/] ;/x dflgg]5 . -@_ s'g} ;efdf z]o/wgL :jo+ jf k|ltlglwdfk{mt pkl:yt ePdf lghn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLadf]lhd lghn] kfpg] ;"rgfsf] xs kl/Tofu u/]sf] dflgg]5 . !*@= nfef+z M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf afx]s nfef+ z lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] k}+tfnL; lbgleq z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ nfef+ z ljt/0f u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 M– -s_
s'g} sfg"gn] nfef+ z ljt/0f ug{af6 /f]s nufPsf] ePdf,
-v_
nfef+z kfpg] clwsf/ ljjflbt ePdf,
-u_
sDkgLsf] sfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:yltdf jf s'g} sf/0fjz ;f] Dofbleq nfef+ z ljt/0f ug{ g;lsg] ePdf .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] sDkgLn]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
k"j{:jLs[lt lnP/ dfq nfef+ z ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] sDkgLn]] ljt/0f ug{] nfef+z;DaGwL ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg] 5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] Dofbleq nfef+ z ljt/0f gu/]df tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] Aofh yk u/L nfef+z ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ nfef+ z 3f]if0ff ubf{ h;sf] gfd z] o/wgLsf] btf{lstfadf sfod 5 ;f] xL JolQm jf To:tf] JolQmsf] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xsjfnf To:tf] nfef+ zsf] xsbf/ x'g]5 . 107
-%_ nfef+ z ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 afx]s cGo s'g } lsl;daf6 sDkgLn] nfef+zsf] e'QmfgL jf ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -^_ sDkgLn] s'g} cfly{s jif{df ePsf] d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 nfef+ zsf] e'QmfgL jf ljt/0f ug'{eGbf klxn] k"j{ ;~rfng vr{ , k| rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd clwsf/k| fKt lgsfoåf/f lgwf{l/t n]vfdfg cg';f/ x|f;s§L ug'{ kg]{ /sd, k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd d'gfkmfaf6 e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ jf 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ /sd jf ljutsf cfly{s jif{ x¿df ePsf] ;l~rt gf] S;fgLsf] /sd k"0f{?kdf s§f ul/;s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . t/ nfef+z ljt/0f ug'{eGbf klxn] s'g} /sdsf] hu] 8f jf ;l~rt sf]if v8f ug'{ kg]{ ;DaGwdf k| rlnt sfg"gn] s'g} Joj:yf u/]sf] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{ kg]{ sDkgLn] To:tf] hu] 8f jf ;l~rt sf]if v8f gu/L nfe+fz ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -&_ o; bkmfdf ul/Psf] ljleGg Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} sDKfgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] d'gfkmfaf6 b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cGtl/d nfef+ z ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_
cGtl/d nfef+ z ljt/0f ug]{ ljifodf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP,
-v_
h'g cfly{s jif{sf] d'gfkmfaf6 cGtl/d nfef+ z ljt/0f ug]{ xf] ;f] cfly{s jif{sf] jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f n] vfk/LIfsaf6 k|dfl0ft eO{ ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t eO;s]sf] eP .
-*_ ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 :jLs[t nfef+ zafx]s sDkgLn] cfˆgf] sf]ifdf Jooef/ kg]{ u/L z]o/wgLx?nfO{ gub jf lhG;Lsf] ?kdf s'g} klg /sd e'QmfgL ug{ jf ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -(_ nfef+ z ljt/0f ug]{ ljifodf sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] lg0f{ o u/]sf] ldltn] kfF r jif{sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 klg s'g} z]o/wgLn] a'lem glnPsf] nfef+zsf] /sd bkmf !*# adf]lhd :yfkgf x'g] nufgLstf{ ;+/If0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . -!)_ s'g} sDkgLn] pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhdsf] /sd bkmf !*# adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ubf{ ;f] pkbkmfdf plNnlvt cjlw ;dfKt x'g'eGbf cufl8 sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] Dofb lbO{ nfef+z a'lemlng cfpg /fli6« o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf ;" rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -!!_ o; P]g cg';f/ z]o/wgLx?nfO{ afFl8g] nfef+ zsf] /sd ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldltn] k}+tfnL; lbgleq sDkgLn] 5'§} vftfdf hDdf u/L ;f] xL vftfaf6 nfef+zsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] /sd sDkgLn] cGo sfdsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g . !*#= nufgLstf{ ;+/If0f sf]if M -!_ sDkgLsf] z] o/df nufgL ug{ k|jfx ePsf] /sd lkmtf{ lng kfFr jif{leq klg s'g} nufgLstf{sf] bfaL k| :t't x'g gcfPdf To:tf] /sd hDdf ug{ Pp6f nufgLstf{ ;+/If0f sf]if :yfkgf ul/g]5 . 108
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]]ifdf /x]sf] /sd k"FhL ahf/, nufgL gLlt, sDkgL sfg"g jf Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fo;DaGwL k] zfut sfg"gsf] ;'wf/ ug{, sfof{no jf sDkgLsf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|l zIf0f lbg jf sDkgL k|zf;g;DaGwL cGo sfo{df vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng /lhi6«f/, lwtf]kq af]8{sf] cWoIf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw / lwtf] kq jhf/ ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yfx?dWo]af6 lwtf]kq af]8{n] lgo'Qm u/]sf] Pshgf k|ltlglw;d] t /x]sf] ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/]adf]lhd x'g] 5 . -$_ sfof{non] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yflkt sf]ifaf6 ePsf] vr{s f] clen] v /fVg' kg]{5 / n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{ 5 . -%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]ifdf g]kfn ;/sf/, s'g} bft[ ;+:yf jf s'g } JolQm jf lgsfoaf6 k| fKt /sd;d]t hDdf ug{ ;lsg]5 . -^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} nufgLstf{sf] bfaL k|:t't x'g gcfPdf ;f] /sd nufgLstf{ ;+/If0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{eGbf klxn] To:tf] /sd a'emL lng sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] Dofb lbO{ /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgsklqsfdf ;" rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . !*$= sDkgLsf] sfof{no M -!_ k|To]s sDkgLn] cfˆgf] /lhi68{ sfof{nosf] aflx/ ;a}n] b] Vg] u/L sDkgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf g]kfnLdf n]l vPsf] ;fO{gaf]8{ /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ sDkgL ;+:yfkgf ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq k| To]s sDkgLn] cfˆgf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nosf] 7]ufgf sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ 5 . -#_ sDkgLn] sfof{ nonfO{ k"j{;"rgf lbO{ cfˆgf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nosf] 7]u fgf kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ sDkgL btf{ ePkl5 sDkgLn] cfˆgf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf h:t} 6]lnkmf]g, ˆofS;, Od]n cflbsf] hfgsf/L sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] 7]u fgf kl/jt{g ePdf kl/jlt{t 7]ufgf cljnDa sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . -%_ sfof{ non] sDkgLx¿sf] /lhi68{ sfof{ nosf] 7] ufgf tyf pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] 7]ufgfsf] ;" rL qmlds ?kdf tof/ u/L ;j{;fwf/0fsf] lg/LIf0fsf] nflu v' nf /fVg ;Sg]5 . !*%= sDkgL ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm M -!_ Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF jf ;f]eGbf a9L r'Qmf k"FhL ePsf] sDkgLn] pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt of] Uotf k'u]sf] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sDkgL ;lrjsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd sDkgL ;lrj;DaGwL Jofj;flos k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{ clwsf/k| fKt :jb]zL jf ljb]zL lgsfoaf6 sDkgL ;lrjsf] Jofj;flos k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L sDtLdf b'O{ jif{;Dd ;DalGwt If]qdf sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"g, Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo jf cy{zf:q 109
ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/L sDtLdf tLg jif{;Dd ;DalGwt If]qdf jf sDkgL Joj:yfkg If]qdf sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s sDkgL ;lrj kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 . t/ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt axfn /x]sf] sDkgL ;lrjsf] xsdf of] P]g k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tLg jif{ ;Dd of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . -#_ ;DalGwt sDkgLsf] ;~rfns To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;lrjsf] ?kdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g . -$_ s'g} klg JolQm Ps}k6s PseGbf a9L sDkgLsf] sDkgL ;lrjsf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g . t/ s'g} d'Vo sDkgLsf] sDkgL ;lrjnfO{ To:tf] sDkgLsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] sDkgL ;lrj kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ o; Joj:yfn] afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g . -%_ o; P]g, k|rlnt sfg"g jf lgodfjnLadf]lhd s'g} sfd sDkgL ;lrjn] jf lghåf/f ul/g] egL Joj:yf ePsf]df ;f] sDkgLdf sDkgL ;lrjsf] kb s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm /x]df jf axfnjfnf sDkgL ;lrjn] To:tf] gu/]df jf ug{ c;dy{t f b]vfPdf ;~rfns ;ldltn] To:tf] sfd ug{ kfpg] u/L tf]lslbPsf] o; P]g cg';f/ of]U otf k'u]s f] sDkgLsf] s'g } sd{rf/Ln] sDkgL ;lrjsf] x}l ;otdf sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 . !*^= sDkgL ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ ;~rfns ;ldlt / ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ul/Psf lg0f{ox¿ / sfof{ no jf ;DalGwt lgsfox¿åf/f lgb]{lzt s'/fx¿ sfof{Gjog ug'{, u/fpg' tyf of] P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd sDkgLn] sfof{no jf cGo s'g} lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f, sfuhft, lg0f{ o cflb lgwf{l/t cjlwleq k]z ug'{ sDkgL ;lrjsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -@_ o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgL ;lrjn] b]xfosf sfd ug]{5 M–
-s_
;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;fwf/0f ;ef af] nfpg],
-v_
;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;fwf/0f ;efdf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifox¿sf] ;" rL tof/ u/L ;DalGwt ;~rfns jf z]o/wgLsxfF k7fpg],
-u_
;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{ox¿sf] clen] v /fVg], k|dfl0ft ug]{ tyf lhDdf lng] ,
-3_
;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ z]o/ afF8kmfF8sf] ;" rgf tyf ls:tf dfusf] ;"rgf k7fpg], 110
-ª_
z]o/wgLx¿sf] btf{lstfa / z] o/wgL tyf l8a]~r/jfnfx¿sf] nut b'?:t /fVg], lhDdf lng] / k|dfl0ft ug]{,
-r_
z]o/ jf l8a]~ r/sf] lwtf] aGws hgfpg], x:tfGt/0f jf bflvn vf/]h ug{ ;~rfns ;ldlt jf sfo{sf/L k|d' v;dIf k] z ug]{,
-5_
z]o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfsf] bfaL, ph'/L, u'gf;f] , ;'emfj, ;Nnfx cflb s'g} s'/f lnlvt?kdf k]z x'g cfPdf ;~rfns ;ldlt jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sfof{no jf cGo lgsfox¿;dIf k'¥ofpg] / ;f] ;DaGwdf eP u/]sf] sf/afxLsf] glthf lnlvt?kdf ;DalGwt z] o/wgL jf l8a]~r/jfnfnfO{ lbg],
-h_
k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ sDkgL ;lrjn] ug'{ kg]{ egL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] jf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-#_ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{oadf]lhdafx]s sDkgL ;lrjn] sDkgLaf6 jf sDkgLdfk{mt cfk"m nfO{ kmfObf x'g] s'g} sfd ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g . -$_ sDkgL ;lrjn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] cfr/0f kfng ug'{ kg]{5 . !*&= z]o/wgLx?aLr ePsf] ;Demf} tfsf] dfGotf M -!_ sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng tyf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ k| fKt dtflwsf/sf] k| of] usf] af/]df sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx?sfaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf lghx?aLr afWofTds ?kdf nfu" x'g]5 . t/ To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} k|fjwfg sDkgL jf o;sf cNkdt z] o/wgLx?sf] lxt k|lts"n x'g] ePdf ;f] xb;Dd :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] b'O{k|lt To:tf] ;+Demf} tf ePsf] ldltn] kGw|lbgleq ;DalGwt z]o/wgLn] sDkgLdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L z] o/wgLx?af6 k|fKt ePsf] ;Demf} tfsf] Psk|lt sDkgLn] ;f] k| fKt u/]sf] kGw|lbgleq sfof{ nodf k] z ug'{ kg]{5 . !**= sDkgL cWofb]z, @)^@ lgliqmo ePkl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd M sDkgL cWofb] z, @)^@ lgliqmo ePkl5 csf]{ clek| fo gb]lvPdf ;f] lgliqmotfn], -s_
;f] cWofb] z lgliqmo x'Fbfsf avt rNtL gePsf] jf sfod g/x]sf] s'g} s'/f klg hufpg] 5}g,
-v_
;f] cWofb]zadf]lhd rfn" ePsf] s'/f jf ;f]adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofO{ cl3 g} ul/Psf] s'g} sfd jf ef]lu;s]sf] s'g} s'/fnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,
-u_
;f] cWofb] zadf]lhd kfPsf], xfl;n u/]sf] jf ef]u]sf] s'g} xs, ;'ljwf, st{Jo jf bfloTjdf c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,
-3_
;f] cWofb]zadf]lhd ul/Psf] s'g} b08 ;hfo jf hkmtnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g,
111
-ª_
dfly n]lvPsf] s'g} To:tf] xs, ;'ljwf, st{Jo, bfloTj, b08 ;hfosf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL jf pkfonfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g / ;f] cWofb]z sfod /x];/x To:tf] s'g} sfg"gL sf/afxL jf pkfonfO{ klg z' ? ug{, rfn" /fVg jf nfu" ug{ ;lsg]5 .
112
![FORM NO.156* [See rule 329] (COMPANIES ACT ... -](https://p.pdfkul.com/img/300x300/form-no156-see-rule-329-companies-act-_5af733e97f8b9ac7078b456b.jpg)
