Design Note Cool Running, 144W, 4 × 40A µModule POL Regulator Afshin Odabaee and Yan Liang Introduction The LTM ®4636 is a 40A-capable µModule® regulator featuring 3D packaging technology, or component-onpackage (CoP) to keep it cool—see Figure 1. The body of the device is an overmolded 16mm × 16mm × 1.91mm BGA package with an inductor stacked on top to expose it to cooling airflow. The total package height is 7.16mm. In addition to dissipating heat from the top through the exposed inductor, the LTM4636 efficiently disperses heat to the PCB via 144 BGA solder balls dedicated to GND, VIN and VOUT—where high current flows. A single LTM4636 is rated for 40A loads; two parallel converters can support 80A; four support 160A. Upscaling a power supply by paralleling LTM4636s is easy: simply copy and paste the single-regulator footprint, as shown in Figure 1.

The current mode architecture of the LTM4636 enables precision current sharing among the 40A blocks. Precise current sharing, in turn, produces a power supply that spreads the heat evenly between devices. Figure 2 shows that all devices in the 4-µModule 160A regulator operate within 1°C of each other, ensuring that no individual device is overloaded or overheated. This greatly simplifies heat mitigation. Figure 3 shows the complete 160A design. Note that no clock device is required for the LTM4636s to operate outof-phase to each other—clocking and phase control is included. Multiphase operation reduces input and output ripple current, reducing the number of required input and output capacitors. Here, the four LTM4636s run 90° outof-phase.

Conclusion Choosing a POL regulator for a densely populated system requires scrutiny beyond voltage and amperage ratings of the device. Evaluation of package thermal characteristics is essential, as it determines the cost of cooling, the cost of the PCB and final product size.

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 0.9V, IOUT = 160A Airflow = 400LFM Efficiency = 88%

DN529 F01

Figure 1. 3D Packaging of the LTM4636 Puts One of the Hottest Components, the Inductor, on Top, Where Significant Surface Area Is Exposed to Airflow. It Is Easy to Lay Out Parallel LTM4636s to Scale Power Capability—Simply Duplicate the Layout of One Channel and Multiply. The Clean Layout Here Shows Four Channels at 40A Each.

L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo and μModule are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 10/17/569

DN529 F02

Figure 2. Precision Current Sharing Among Four LTM4636s Running in Parallel, Resulting in Only 40°C Rise in Temperature for 160A Application.

Design Note 569

5V PVCC2

INTVCC2

7V TO 14V 22µF 16V

22µF 16V

22µF 16V

22µF 16V COMP TK/SS

COMPA COMPB TK/SS

VIN INTVCC

22µF

PVCC TMON PWM

+

RUNC RUNP INTVCC2

150µF 35V

34.8k PINS NOT USED IN CIRCUIT U2: PGOOD, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3, TEST4, VOUTS1, GMON

SGND

SW

U2 LTM4636

VOUT

VOUTS1– VFB

TEMP+ TEMP– SNSP1 SNSP2 SGND PGND

22µF 16V

22µF 16V

5V PVCC1

COMP TK/SS CSS 0.47µF SGND

4.99k

0.47µF

INTVCC1

34.8k

COMPA COMPB

VIN INTVCC

CLK1

22µF 16V

RUNC RUNP HIZREG

TK/SS

34.8k

CLK2 CLK3

SGND

PINS NOT USED IN CIRCUIT U3: PGOOD, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3, TEST4, VOUTS1, GMON

PHMODE FREQ MODE/PLLIN CLKOUT

22µF 16V

COMPA COMPB TK/SS

VIN INTVCC

100µF 6.3V ×4

+

470µF 6.3V

100µF 6.3V ×4

+

470µF 6.3V

100µF 6.3V ×4

GND_SNS

PWM

RUNC RUNP HIZREG

SGND

U3 LTM4636

VOLTAGE OUT TEMP MONITOR PWM3 TP 2.2Ω, 0805

2200pF

SW VOUT

PHMODE FREQ MODE/PLLIN CLKOUT

VOUTS1– VFB

GND_SNS VFB

+

470µF 6.3V

SGND

SGND 5V PVCC4

COMPA COMPB TK/SS

VIN INTVCC

22µF

PVCC

TMON

RUNC RUNP HIZREG

U4 LTM4636

SW

VOLTAGE OUT TEMP MONITOR PWM4 TP 2.2Ω, 0805

2200pF

VOUT

34.8k

PINS NOT USED IN CIRCUIT U4: PGOOD, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3, TEST4, VOUTS1, GMON

CLK3

SGND OPTIONAL TEMP MONITOR FOR TELEMETRY READBACK ICs

0.9V AT 160A

22µF

PWM RUNC RUNP INTVCC4

+

470µF 6.3V

SGND

RFB 2.5k

PVCC

TMON

OPTIONAL TEMP MONITOR FOR TELEMETRY READBACK ICs

COMP TK/SS

470µF 6.3V

VFB

5V PVCC3

TEMP+ TEMP– SNSP1 SNSP2 SGND PGND

22µF 16V

2200pF

+ VOUTS1+ VOUTS1–

INTVCC4 22µF 16V

PWM1 TP

SGND

12V 22µF 16V

VOLTAGE OUT TEMP MONITOR

VOUT

SGND RUNC RUNP INTVCC3

POWER GND

SW

U1 LTM4636

OPTIONAL TEMP MONITOR FOR TELEMETRY READBACK ICs

100pF

100µF 6.3V ×4

SGND

2.2Ω, 0805

VFB

COMP

470µF 6.3V

22µF

TEMP+ TEMP– SNSP1 SNSP2 SGND PGND

22µF 16V

VFB

TMON

INTVCC3 22µF 16V

+

5V PVCC1

TK/SS

12V 22µF 16V

470µF 6.3V

GND_SNS

PVCC

SGND

PINS NOT USED IN CIRCUIT U1: PGOOD, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3, TEST4, GMON

VOUT

PWM RUNC RUNP

2200pF

SGND INTVCC1

22µF 16V

PWM2 TP 2.2Ω, 0805

+

PHMODE FREQ MODE/PLLIN CLKOUT

OPTIONAL TEMP MONITOR FOR TELEMETRY READBACK ICs

12V 22µF 16V

CLK1 CLK2

RUNC RUNP HIZREG

VOLTAGE OUT TEMP MONITOR

PHMODE FREQ MODE/PLLIN

VOUTS1–

VFB TEMP+ TEMP– SNSP1 SNSP2 SGND PGND

GND_SNS

+

470µF 6.3V

VFB SGND

SGND

DN569 F03

Figure 3. 140W Regulator Features Four LTM4636s Running in Parallel with Precision Current Sharing and High Efficiency 12V Input to 0.9V Output at 160A

Data Sheet Download

www.linear.com/LTM4636

DN569 LT/AP 1017 305K • PRINTED IN THE USA © ANALOG DEVICES, INC. 2017

For applications help, call (408) 432-1900

DN569 - Cool Running, 144W, 4 × 40A μModule ... - Linear Technology

L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo and μModule are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Figure 1. 3D Packaging of the LTM4636 Puts One of the Hottest. Components, the Inductor, on Top, Where Significant Surface Area Is.
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