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ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com Annales d’Endocrinologie 76 (2015) 183–184

Journées Klotz 2015

Treatment of heterotopic ossifications secondary to pseudohypoparathyroid Traitement des ossifications ectopiques secondaires aux pseudohypoparathyroïdies Vincent Guigonis a,∗,b , Claire Bahans a,b , Korng Ea c , Emmanuelle Bourrat d , Anne Lienhardt a,b , Olivier Chabre e , Jeremy Jost f , Hadile Mutar a , Voa Ratsimbazafy f , Agnès Linglart g a

Pédiatrie, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France CHREC, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France c Rhumatologie, Lariboisière, AP–HP, Paris, France d Dermatologie, Robert-Debré, AP–HP, Paris, France e Endocrinologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France f Pharmacie, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France g Endocrinologie pédiatrique, Bicêtre, AP–HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France b

Received 17 March 2015; accepted 17 March 2015

Keywords: Pseudohypoparathyroidism; Heterotopic ossifications; Sodium thiosulfate Mots clés : Pseudohypoparathyroïdie ; Ossifications ectopiques ; Thiosulfate de sodium

1. English version Pseudohypoparathyroidism is frequently complicated by the occurrence of heterotopic ossifications. Pathophysiology of such complications is still not known and no treatment has been validated to date [1,2]. These ossifications are microstructurally different from ectopic calcifications, but share the same morbidity and the lack of specific treatment [3]. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) could be a new hope for the treatment of these heterotopic ossifications and calcifications. Sodium thiosulfate administered through systemic route is validated in France in the treatment of cyanide poisoning; it also prevents and limits the complications linked to the use of cisplatin. This treatment has interestingly been successfully used in the treatment of calcifications of patients suffering from diabetes or chronic renal failure [4]. In 2015, proofs of the efficacy of this therapeutic approach remain scarce (essentially case reports recently reviewed by Hayden and Goldsmith [4] and one pilot prospective trial [5]). But the results reported so far are interesting enough to test this therapeutic approach in other diseases. The possible mechanisms of action of STS on calcifications or ossifications are not completely understood so far. The main



Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (V. Guigonis).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.03.012 0003-4266/© 2015 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

interest of STS may rely on its ability to solubilise calcium salts. Indeed, calcium thiosulfate is over 40,000 more soluble than calcium oxalate (one of the main component of calcifications or ossifications) [6]. But STS presents other attributes that could be interesting facing conditions such as calcifications or ossifications. Indeed, STS act as a free radicals scavenger by recoupling the endogenous NO synthase. The use of STS also produces H2 S with its known pain-killer effect [4]. More recently, it has been published that STS could protect from osteoblastic transdifferentiation of smooth muscular cells secondary to high-level phosphate [7]. STS effects could then be effective through one or an association of these different mechanisms. Independently of the validation of its efficacy, the main limitation of this treatment relies on its significant adverse effects when used with a systemic route. Important digestive disorders and metabolic acidosis are the main limiting effects [8]. These limitations led us to develop a 25% STS ointment in order to locally treat subcutaneous calcifications or ossifications and avoid systemic adverse effects. Several patients suffering from different cause of calcinosis and successfully treated with this approach have already been reported [9–11]. This ointment is currently proposed for patients presenting with ectopic calcified or ossified lesions in three groups of diseases: autoimmune diseases (dermatomyositis, systemic scleroderma) ectopic calcifications from genetic or unknown origin

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V. Guigonis et al. / Annales d’Endocrinologie 76 (2015) 183–184

(i.e. familial tumoral calcinosis, hyperphosphatemia hyperostosis syndrome. . .) and finally pseudohypoparathyroidism. We report here the results of the first eight patients treated with STS for ossifications secondary to pseudohypoparathyroidism. Disclosure of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article. 2. Version franc¸aise Les ossifications ectopiques sont une complication sévère des pseudo-hypoparathyroïdies. Leur physiopathologie exacte reste inconnue et aucun traitement spécifique n’est validé à ce jour [1,2]. Ces ossifications, bien qu’elles aient une microarchitecture différente des calcifications ectopiques compliquant d’autres maladies, s’en rapprochent par la morbidité qui leur est associée et l’absence de traitement spécifique [3]. Le thiosulfate de sodium (TSS) constitue un espoir pour le traitement de ces calcifications et ossifications ectopiques. L’utilisation du thiosulfate de sodium est actuellement validée dans le cadre du traitement des intoxications au cyanure et en prévention de complications du cisplatine. De fac¸on intéressante, cette molécule a plus récemment été utilisée avec succès dans le traitement de calcifications vasculaires ou des tissus mous chez les insuffisants rénaux chroniques ou les diabétiques [4]. En 2015, le niveau de preuve concernant l’efficacité de ce traitement reste encore limité (essentiellement des cas rapportés revus récemment par Hayden et Goldsmith [4] et un seul essai prospectif [5], mais les résultats rapportés jusqu’ici sont suffisamment engageants pour évaluer ce traitement dans d’autres situations. Les mécanismes d’action potentiels du TSS sur les calcifications ou ossifications ectopiques ne sont pas, à ce jour, formellement démontrés. Un des intérêts premiers du TSS réside dans ses propriétés solubilisatrices du calcium : le thiosulfate de calcium est effectivement près de 40 000 fois plus soluble en phase aqueuse que l’oxalate de calcium [6], un des constituants principaux des calcifications et ossifications. Mais le TSS pourrait également être actif par le biais d’autres propriétés. Il a effectivement été démontré que le TSS avait aussi un effet d’élimination de radicaux libres par la régénération de la NO synthase endogène, et aboutissait également à la production de sulfure d’hydrogène (H2 S) connu pour avoir un effet antalgique [4]. Plus récemment, il a également été rapporté que le TSS pouvait avoir un effet préventif sur la transdifférenciation ostéoblastique des cellules musculaires lisses dans un environnement hyperphosphatémique [7]. L’effet potentiel du TSS pourrait donc être lié à l’une ou plusieurs de ces propriétés. Avant même la validation de son efficacité, la principale limite de ce traitement réside dans

ses effets secondaires importants lorsqu’il est utilisé par voie générale : des troubles digestifs et une acidose métabolique sont les principaux effets limitants [8]. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous avons développé une pommade à base de TSS (25 %) afin de permettre, par une application locale, un traitement des lésions calcifiées ou ossifiées sous cutanée tout en évitant les effets secondaires systémiques. Plusieurs patients présentant des calcifications ectopiques et traités avec une approche similaire ont déjà été rapportés [9–11]. Cette préparation magistrale est actuellement utilisée pour le traitement des calcifications ou ossifications ectopiques de trois groupes de maladies : les calcifications compliquant les maladies autoimmunes (sclérodermie ou dermatomyosite), les calcifications compliquant les maladies génétiques ou d’origine inconnue (calcinose familiale tumorale, syndrome hyperphosphatémie hyperostose. . .) et enfin les ossifications ectopiques compliquant les pseudohypoparathyroïdies. Nous rapportons ici les résultats des huit premiers patients traités par TSS pour des ossifications ectopiques secondaires à une pseudohypoparathyroïdie. Déclaration d’intérêts Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de conflits d’intérêts en relation avec cet article. References [1] Mantovani G. Pseudohypoparathyroidism: diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96(10):3020–30. [2] Huso DL, Edie S, Levine MA, Schwindinger W, Wang Y, Jüppner H, et al. Heterotopic ossifications in a mouse model of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. In: Beier F. (Ed.). Plos One 2011;6(6):e21755. [3] Sparsa A. Calcinoses, ossifications et lésions cartilagineuses cutanées. In: EMC; 2010 [98-730–A–10]. [4] Hayden MR, Goldsmith DJA. Sodium thiosulfate: new hope for the treatment of calciphylaxis. Semin Dial 2010;23(3):258–62. [5] Adirekkiat S, Sumethkul V, Ingsathit A, Domrongkitchaiporn S, Phakdeekitcharoen B, Kantachuvesiri S, et al. Sodium thiosulfate delays the progression of coronary artery calcification in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010;25(6):1923–9. [6] Hayden MR, Tyagi SC, Kolb L, Sowers JR, Khanna R. Vascular ossification – calcification in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and calciphylaxis – calcific uremic arteriolopathy: the emerging role of sodium thiosulfate. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2005;4(1):4. [7] Zhong H, Liu F, Dai X, Zhou L, Fu P. Sodium thiosulfate protects human aortic smooth muscle cells from osteoblastic transdifferentiation via highlevel phosphate. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2013;29(11):587–93. [8] Monographie du thiosulfate de sodium. Micromedex Heathcare Ser. [9] Wolf EK, Smidt AC, Laumann AE. Topical sodium thiosulfate therapy for leg ulcers with dystrophic calcification. Arch Dermatol 2008;144(12):1560–2. [10] Bair B, Fivenson D. A novel treatment for ulcerative calcinosis cutis. J Drugs Dermatol Jdd 2011;10(9):1042–4. [11] Ratsimbasafy V, Bahans C, Guigonis V. Dramatic diminution of a large calcification treated with topical sodium thiosulfate. Arthritis Rheum 2012;64(11):3826.

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