Performance of New York City School System After the Reform Group Members: Basheera Abdus-Sabur Zuzana Bartošová Fernanda Gámez Wayne Jacobs Christina McCarthy Ambareen Naqvi Joann Phelan Yanett Salazar Annie Yik Wai Tse
Make-up of New York City Public Schools y 1,700 schools y 1.1 million students y 136,000 employees y 80,000 80 000 teachers y$ $21 billion b o operating ope a g budget b dge
Management Strategies and Innovation y Centralization/Leadership y Performance management y Financing and pay-for performance
measures
y Autonomy y Zone 2002 y NYC Leadership Academy
History and Background Two main management g philosophies: p p y 1969 – 2002: Decentralized leadership, locally
elected school boards
y 1969: School Decentralization Law
y 2002 – Present: P t Centralized C t li d leadership, l d hi mayorall
control
y 2002: Mayoral y control legislation g due to parents p
believing local boards were not giving them the voice and control they had envisioned and continued student under-performance
Challenges Facing NYC P Public bli S School h lS Students d y Parental limitations y Limited English proficiency
- Almost Al t 150,000 150 000 students t d t speak k a llanguage other than English at home (DOE) y Enormous language diversity y Varying y g ages g of students when theyy enter the
school system = distinct instructional needs
y Educator recruitment and retention
Keyy Players y y Michael Bloomberg y Mayor of New York City, 2002- present
y Joel Klein y Chancellor of New York City Public Schools, 2002 – present y Cathie Black
y Randi Weingarten y President of the American Federation of Teachers, 2009 –
present
y Merryl y Tisch y Chancellor of New York State’s Board of Regents, 1996 - present
How Education Strategy gy Worked y More autonomy for schools, reducing of
bureaucratic challenges y Improved test scores y Creation C i off 474 new schools h l y Implementation of a new universal curriculum y Increased I d parental t l involvement i l t y Performance-based union contracts y Higher attendance rates and graduation rates y Termination of unsuccessful teachers and failing schools
Initial Improvement in Test Scores Students Meeting Proficiency Standards 90%
84.90%
80%
71.30%
70% 60%
52%
50%
Fourth Grade
40% 30%
29.80%
Eighth g Grade
20% 10% 0% 2002
2009
How Education Reform Didn’t Work y 2010 statistics showed a decline in test
scores y Too much emphasis placed on test scores
as only metric in evaluating student learning y No real assessment tools in place y Lack of transparency from DOE y Autocratic Mayoral control
Recent Decline in Test Scores Percentage of Students Passing Exams 90.00% 80.00% 70.00%
81.80% 68 80% 68.80%
60.00%
54%
50.00%
42 40% 42.40%
40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 2009
2010
Math English
Obstacles Facing g the Future of New York City’s Public Schools y Overcrowding y Unreliable U li bl performance f metrics t i y Achievement gaps between students of different
races and d economic i backgrounds b kg d
y Financial reform y New incoming Chancellor - Cathie Black, who
does not have an educational background
Conclusion y Test scores should not be the only metric in
determining student success
y Better evaluation methods should be p put in
place in determining educator performance
y A successful f l education d ti reform f mustt be b
complex in order to address such diverse student populations
Performance of New York City School System After ... -
... Zone 2002 y. NYC Leadership Academy ... school system = distinct instructional needs ... Chancellor of New York State's Board of Regents, 1996 - present ...
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Course Description: This course consists of three parts. The first section of the course is a detailed examination of the pricing and hedging of option contracts, with particular emphasis on the application of these concepts to the design of derivati