General Science Quiz - 25.4 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____
1. In an earthquake, the point where the first movement of rock occurs and energy is released is the epicenter. _________________________
____
2. The fastest seismic waves are the surface waves. _________________________
____
3. The Richter scale measures the damage of an earthquake. _________________________
____
4. Cinder cone volcano eruptions are gentle and long-lasting. ________________________________________
____
5. A denser plate slides under a less dense plate and plate material is melted at a divergent plate boundary. _________________________
____
6. Places located in the interior of tectonic plates where magma rises directly to the surface are called rifts. _________________________
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7. The hotter the magma or lava, the greater is its viscosity. _________________________
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8. Lava that has low viscosity moves slower than lava with high viscosity. _________________________
____
9. The higher the silica content in lava, the higher the lava’s resistance to flow. _________________________
____ 10. S-waves are refracted, or bent, by Earth’s outer core. _________________________ Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____
1. When a volcano erupts, the molten material that flows onto Earth’s surface is called ____. a. magma c. rifts b. fissures d. lava
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2. Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface is called ____. a. magma c. lava b. tephra d. pyroclasts
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3. Sticky, thicker lavas ____. a. form flood basalts b. are rich in silica
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4. A shield volcano ____. a. has a steep-sloping cone made up of rocks and lava b. erupts with thin basaltic lava
c. are rich in iron and magnesium d. flow very easily
c. throws rocks and cinders into the air d. all of the above ____
5. All of the following affect the temperature at which magma forms EXCEPT ____. a. pressure c. water b. composition of source material d. viscosity
Short Answer 1. List three dangers to people from a volcanic eruption. . 2. Contrast the three major types of volcanoes.
. 3. Why does lava containing large amounts of dissolved gases generally produce a more violent explosion than lava that contains small amounts of dissolved gases? . 4. How would the eruptions of the volcanoes at points A and B differ?
Compare and contrast each pair of related terms or phrases. 5. primary wave, secondary wave . 6. focus, epicenter
General Science Quiz - 25.4 Answer Section MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: F, focus PTS: 1 DIF: DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1 2. ANS: F, P-waves or primary waves
REF:
p. 782
PTS: 1 DIF: DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1 3. ANS: F, wave height or amplitude
REF:
p. 784
PTS: 1 DIF: DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1 4. ANS: F, moderate to violent and do not last long
REF:
p. 784
PTS: 1 DIF: 5. ANS: F, convergent
DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1
REF:
p. 795
PTS: 1 6. ANS: F, hot spots
DIF:
DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1
REF:
p. 777
PTS: 1 7. ANS: F, lower
DIF:
DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1
REF:
p. 792
PTS: 1 8. ANS: F, faster
DIF:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1
REF:
p. 793
1 T p. 793 F, P-waves
DIF:
Bloom's Level 3|DOK 1 PTS: 1
REF: DIF:
p. 793 Bloom's Level 1|DOK 1
1
DIF:
Bloom's Level 2|DOK 1
REF:
p. 784
PTS: 9. ANS: REF: 10. ANS: PTS: MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: REF: 2. ANS: REF: 3. ANS: REF: 4. ANS:
D PTS: p. 776 | p. 791 A PTS: p. 778 | p. 791 B PTS: p. 793 B PTS:
1
DIF:
DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1
1
DIF:
DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1
1
DIF:
DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1
1
DIF:
DOK 1|Bloom's Level 1
REF: p. 795 5. ANS: D REF: p. 793
PTS:
1
DIF:
Bloom's Level 4|DOK 3
MATCHING SHORT ANSWER 1. ANS: Possible answers: lava flows, pyroclastic flows, mud slides, clouds of ash and poisonous gas. PTS: 1 DIF: DOK 2|Bloom's Level 3 REF: p. 795 2. ANS: A shield volcano has broad, gently sloping sides, and it forms as layers of basaltic lava accumulate during nonexplosive eruptions. A cinder-cone volcano has steep sides and is a relatively small volcano. It forms when tephra are ejected into the air, fall back to Earth, and pile up around the volcano’s vent. A composite volcano is larger than a cinder-cone volcano but smaller than a shield volcano. A composite volcano forms when layers of lava alternate with tephra. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 5|DOK 3 REF: pp. 795-796 3. ANS: Lava that produces violent explosions is very viscous, which prevents the gases from escaping. When the lava does erupt, the dissolved gases escape to produce a violent eruption. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK 3 REF: p. 794 4. ANS: The eruption at point A would be quiet because the magma that squeezes out through oceanic crust has low silica and gas content so it gently oozes out of the volcano. The eruption at point B would extremely explosive since magma passing through Earth’s crust would have high silica content trapping lots of gas under high pressure producing violent eruptions from the volcano. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 5|DOK 3 REF: p. 795 5. ANS: A primary wave is a seismic wave that squeezes and pulls rock in the same direction along which the wave travels. A secondary wave causes rock to move at right angles to the direction along which the wave travels. PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK 3 REF: p. 783 6. ANS: An earthquake’s focus is the point of failure of rocks at depth. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus. PTS:
1
DIF:
Bloom's Level 3|DOK 3
REF:
p. 782
