STPM Biology (Semester 2) Revision Exercise Chapter 5: Homeostasis Part 1: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1.

The diagram below shows a nephron of mammalian kidney.

a)

Name the process that takes place in the Malphigian body.

[1 mark]

________________________________________________________ b)

Give one feature of the blood vessels associated with the glomerulus and explain how this feature facilitates the process in a). [2 marks] ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

c)

Describe the process that takes place at X and Y to produce concentrated urine. [4 marks] ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

d)

Explain why glucose may be found in the urine of diabetics.

[2 marks]

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

SMK Sultan Ibrahim Kulai, Johor

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e)

Why would the consumption of a large amount of alcohol cause the production of high volume of diluted urine and the body to suffer from dehydration? [1 mark] ________________________________________________________

2.

The diagram below shows the effect of a hormone on water reabsorption from the collecting duct.

a)

i) Name the hormone that involves in the reabsorption of water from the collecting duct. [1 mark] ________________________________________________________ ii) Describe the hormone that you have mentioned in a)i). [2 marks] ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

b)

What is the function of the hormone in human kidney?

[2 marks]

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ c)

Explain the processes that occur in 1 to 6.

[6 marks]

1:

___________________________________________________

2:

___________________________________________________

3:

___________________________________________________

SMK Sultan Ibrahim Kulai, Johor

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3.

4:

___________________________________________________

5:

___________________________________________________

6:

___________________________________________________

The diagram below shows the cross-section of part of a liver lobule seen under a light microscope.

a)

b)

c)

Name the structures labelled S, T, U and W.

[2 marks]

S:

_______________________

U:

_____________________

T:

_______________________

W:

_____________________

State the functions of structures P, Q, R and V.

[4 marks]

P:

____________________________________________________

Q:

____________________________________________________

R:

____________________________________________________

V:

____________________________________________________

Describe the chemical reaction that would take place in cell U under the following situations: i)

Presence of insulin in the blood.

[2 marks]

____________________________________________________

ii)

____________________________________________________ Presence of excess amino acids in the blood. [2 marks] ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ SMK Sultan Ibrahim Kulai, Johor

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4.

The diagram below shows part of a kidney nephron.

a)

b)

Name the structures A, B and C.

[3 marks]

A:

____________________________________________________

B:

____________________________________________________

C:

____________________________________________________

State the factors that enable ultrafiltration to occur.

[2 marks]

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ c)

Explain why the plasma and glomerular filtrate differ in composition. [2 marks] _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

d)

Describe how the cells in proximal convoluted tubules are adapted to carry out reabsorption. [3 marks] _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

SMK Sultan Ibrahim Kulai, Johor

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5.

The simplified structure of a nephron is shown in the diagram below.

a)

In the table below, columns 1 and 2 show the quantities of water, glucose and urea passing through P and Q in a 24-hour period. Columns 3 and 4 show the quantities and percentages reabsorbed during the same period. Complete the table by writing the correct figures in the boxes S, T, U and V. [4 marks] 1 Quantity passing through P 180 dm3 180 g 53 g

Substance

Water Glucose Urea b)

2 Quantity passing through Q 1.5 dm3 T: 25 g

3 Quantity reabsorbed 178.5 dm3 180 g U:

4 Percentage reabsorbed S: 100 V:

Describe how R is involved in the production of concentrated urine. [3 marks] _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

c)

People suffering from kidney failure may be treated by haemodialysis. i) Give two disadvantages of this method of treatment. [2 marks] ____________________________________________________

ii)

____________________________________________________ Suggest a long term solution to the patient. [1 mark] ____________________________________________________

SMK Sultan Ibrahim Kulai, Johor

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Part 2: Essay Questions Answer all questions. Write your answer in the answer sheets provided. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1.

a)

b)

2.

a)

b)

3.

a)

b)

4.

5.

Outline the main features of the kidney nephron. Include in your account, structural details of regions of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption. [8 marks] Describe how the kidney regulates the water content of the body fluids. [7 marks]

Describe how the nephron in the kidney regulates the water content of body fluids. [9 marks] Explain how selective reabsorption occurs in proximal convoluted tubules [6 marks]

With the aid of a diagram, explain fully the function of loop of Henle and collecting ducts in osmoregulation by the kidney. [7 marks] Describe the role of insulin in the homeostatic control of blood glucose level in human body. [8 marks]

Explain the following cycles and their physiological importance. a) Cori cycle b) Ornithine cycle

a) b)

Describe briefly the structure of a mammalian liver. Describe the functions of i) the liver ii) the kidney as homeostatic organs.

[7 marks] [8 marks]

[5 marks]

[10 marks]

6.

a)

b)

7.

Describe the processes of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption that occurs in the kidney. [11 marks] Explain how the kidney produces urine that is more concentrated than the blood. [4 marks]

a)

Explain the roles of liver in carbohydrate metabolism.

b)

[10 marks] Describe the Ornithine cycle and its importance in protein metabolism. [5 marks] SMK Sultan Ibrahim Kulai, Johor

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8.

a)

Explain the countercurrent multiplier mechanism in the nephron.

b)

[8 marks] Describe the adaptive features of xerophytic plants that enable them to live in their habitat. [7 marks]

SMK Sultan Ibrahim Kulai, Johor

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